Architecture Y3. Portfolio | RIBA Part 1 B.Arts | Atta Ahmed

Attaul - Karim Ahmed Studio 10 (not housing) Design Portfolio

Brief 1 Constituents Project The first project was a conceptual project based through research by design. This meant that four specific sites were rotated on a weekly basis and a program was developed according to the characteristics of the site. A character was then proposed for each site to illustrate a proposal, and a design was implemented according to the interests of the student. The project was 4 weeks long and enabled the student to complete a final drawing for each week. This tested the student’s capabilities and displayed what their interests laid in.

Week 1 - Rathbone Market, Canning Town The first character was a replication of myself projected 40 years in the future. The character has decided to retire by following his hobby by creating a wood workshop for the public. The idea of the design was to create a production line to display the pieces of work from start to finish. The character’s qualities that would entice are; positive, wise and generous.

The materiality used throughout the building are concrete and white German oak. The building features 6 sections; the first section, where the character enters, is the workshop, followed by wood finishing area, a photography room, a CNC, 3D printing and laser cutting facility room, a lounge and an office. The building is 5m wide and 40m long. The fist 25m of the building’s roof has a white oak structure, to support the roof, and the last 15m of the upper part of the building is concrete cast. The building is designed to use the entire length of the site with a small opening to circulate around the building. The reason for such length is not just to offer open circulation inside the building but to allow the pedestrians and onlookers to see the full extent of facilities and creative carpentry from start to finish.

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Conditions of Rathbone Market The current conditions of the site have far more public activity, but now due to the new development, it has enclosed the market from the public during weekday. However, during the weekend, the market becomes a busy place for the public. Rathbone Market current conditions elaborate the formation of space in between the new development and around the market space. The enclosure provides a unique form that shelters the market and enables the public to move through market. This allows effective circulation through the market as it sits between Newham Way and the A124.

Wood workshop concept

Wood workshop Facade study

Wood workshop structure

The initial idea was to gather the types of equipment to position and set up a layout that would be effective for 8 people to be working at one time.

The design features several types of equipments, such as; CNC and 3D printers. The concept was followed by the need to teach high level skills to the youth along side the traditional techniques to create carpentry.

By identifying major architectural designs by Le Corbusier and Shivnath Parsa, the facade of the design was replicated by allowing maximum light conditions and to enable the public to see each construction phase from start to finish in each window panel.

To enable the public to be more engaged with the workshop, a overhanging structure was added to enable a sort of shelter. Moreover, the design was implemented for a second floor to allow the character to have a living space and an office space for consultation and teaching.

Wood workshop Living space

Workshop roof design

Final Iteration

Once configuration for the workshop was followed by the design of the The workshop roof was designed to become a more modernist style buildliving space that enabled the character to hold meetings and use his more ing similar to the Villa Savoye by Le Corbusier. The roof would have been sophisticated equipment that would be specifically for his use only. concrete casted and run a long parametric window from the front of the buildings living space, enabling a view upon the market.

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The final design was reiterated as to become a linear form of the workshop by integrating the living and workshops conditions onto the ground floor. The arrangement of space is defied by how the public interacts with the building by continuing the previous design aspects from the iterations.

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Week 1 - Workshop for a carpenter, Rathbone Market The workshop was designed to enable the youth in Canning Town to learn the skills and crafts of carpentry. The concept followed through the investigation of the of the educational ranks that were outlined by Ofsted. This enabled me to support the concept of the workshop that would allow the youth to learn such skills. The linear production line of the design and the contrast or materiality between the surrounding buildings was to convey the importance of the traditional carpentry in London.

Week 2 - St John’s Churchyard, Waterloo The site is set next to the vacant area of St John’s church, where members of the public come to eat their lunch and occasionally lie down. The site offers an opportunity for the church to create gathering spaces for preaching, to set youth clubs and to offer Christian calendar holidays to the public. The structure designed by the character would act as a canopy for the public to take shelter and relax. The sites historic events that take place every year, the charity dinner, could be brought around the structure, including food vendors. The opportunity to use the site by other people could bring in profits and help the church throughout the year. The structure is 54mm thick interconnected structure, that is designed using parametric. The structures profile is set per the sites profile. Each rib would be made from three 18mm thick plywood pieces to ensure strength and is over 15m in diameter. They would be then braced with cooper plated braces at every joint, and this would be done to the pieces that need counter levering.

The second character was a timber structural engineer. The character attained some qualities, such as; being rich, smart and a very big show off. The character was a generous person in a sense that he donates some of his wealth to St John”s Churchyard by creating a temporary structure on the site for public interaction. The concept to establish longevity of his name throughout the life span of the churches.

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Current condition of St John’s Churchyard The site is a historically monumented in the history of Westminster. The site is used during lunch and is quite a green space and often used as relaxation area. The church offers free access for the public to come and sit down. However, the church does not offer enough seating or a way to hide from the sun during the summer, as the site used to be a pond. The site is directly accessible from the main road and has several public facilities such a cinema, rail way station and restaurant.

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Timber Canopy initial concept The initial concept for the timber structure was to create a shelter that enables the character to have a constant relation to St John’s churchyard, through an office above the public realm. This would have been a modest form of architecture following the concept of his qualities. However, the structure had minimal technical attributes, which would have been essential to the timber engineers narrative to display his skills. Therefore, to enable the public to engage with the structure, the concept was minimalism to become a timber canopy by taking one form from this concept and expanding it to become a structural canopy that spans across the yard.

Timber Canopy Structure

Timber Canopy Structure

Timber Canopy Structure

The second formation of the structure changed into something more organic and more complex. This was after focusing onto one specific area of the initial structure (highlighted in red). The structure was modelled after a more organic mushroom shape to enclose the public underneath the structure.

The next iteration was made after modelling after a flower shape that was contemporary on the site, however, it was too representative and did not display the complexity of the previous design. This was then rejected as the design of the structure was limiting in scale and was not able to display all the technical forms that are usually arranged.

The next phase was to start designing areas where the complexity of the structure could lead to series of moments. By following the previous example, a serious of cuts were made into it, to display both the structural articulation and the prestige of the canopy that enable moments of certain interactions where the canopy is placed.

Timber Canopy Structure

Timber Canopy Structure

Final Timber Canopy Structure

The fifth phase of the design followed by a continuation of the structural This iteration was an expansive form of the previous structure, with much elements by reincorporating the organic formation of the structure and harsher forms and cuts made into the structure. This again was to formuby making certain cuts into the structure to enable the formation of the late a series of moments for the public to engage with. structure. However, the design of the structure was falling back into the second formation of the previous structure.

Timber Canopy Structure Iterations 1:200

The final phase of the structural iterations was concluded to the arrangement of a more simplistic form that relates to the sites outline of the churchyard. The major factor of the structure was that it should correspond to the site and engage with the public as the previous iterations features.

Timber Canopy Section The section of the structure elaborates the series of moments that people create as they stand on the concrete podium beneath the structure. The concrete podium was designed to form a kind of permanency on the site. The concept to replace the weathered structure after every 10 years, would leave behind such a formation of an existing structure. The podium would enable a gathering and would a monumental form left behind after the demise of the character.

Week 2 - Timber Canopy, St John’s Churchyard The structure was specifically made from 42mm sheet ply wood to make it both cost affective and temporary. The mid-term structure would be reconstructed or changed after its lifespan for him to continuously maintain the name of the character within the churches history. The church would use the structure to preach, create a gathering or to invite guests during a function. The structure would be subjected to the Christian calendar. Throughout Christmas and New Year’s Eve the structure would form a community gathering space for festive events that the church could use to raise money. This would bring the church further income and maintain his name in the history and community.

Timber Canopy Copper Plate Brackets This drawing is a structural formation of the structure and further elaborates the materiality of the structure. The structure will be made from weather proofed plywood panels, CNC cut sheets which would make each rib of the structure. An overlapping joint between the glulam fibre boards would secure it and a cantilever is produced through the copper plated brackets that each panel would be attached with.

The copper would age and as a result the structures materiality would fade leaving its marks on the concrete podium.

Week 3 - Woodberry Wetlands, Stoke Newington The third character was a Victorian engineer who was tasked to create a ball hall for the queen 100th birthday. The character was patriotic towards the Royal Family, thereby his design was a negative representation of Royal Hierarchy. The site was Woodberry Wetlands focused on the east reservoir.

Woodberry wetlands is situated north London, Finsbury. The site is a natural reserve for animals and offers a café and community centre. The site has a long history of water supply for London. The source was set from Hertfordshire and the Middlesex, when King James 1st allowed the sourcing of water for London. Moreover, the site offers a board walk, which could have been used as entrance point for the queen, the arrangement and circulation could have further privatised the building.

The buildings design and concept was set to become a monument for the queens 100th birthday. The building and its arrangement the use of a banquet hall. The Victorian style building illustrated the Victorian ornaments and the use of Victorian materiality. Moreover, the design was a singular arch which was repeated to create an almost ship like design. The design and its prospects further featured the use structure and structurally designed spatial arrangement.

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Current Conditions of Woodberry Wetlands The wetlands offer a variety of activities for the public. Moreover, the reservoirs offer a constant water supply for south west of London.

The area is under conservation and has been open to the public since quite recently, allowing the site to be inhabited and observed. The site has a variety of species of birds, both native and newly featured to the area. The site being protected by animal trust organisations and the government, makes this a highly secure space for the establishment of a monumental structure in the Her majesties name.

Victorian Structure Concept

Victorian Structure Concept

Victorian Structure Concept

The primary concept for the design was to use a Victorian form of successful landmarks and convey them into a contemporary form of modernist architecture for the Queen’s 100th birthday. This was designed by looking at Crystal Palace station and other forms of Victorian architecture.

The next phase was to start design what a Victorian form would primarily include in the structure, this was done by analysing ornaments what represent Victorian architecture. This was then designed to feature Victorian ornaments a modernist skin for the structure.

The next phase was to design the structure to be representative of the Victorian architecture, but with a modernist twist. The structure was designed to become less formal and feature a more unexpected form that is also representative of modern architecture and its capabilities.

Victorian Structure Concept

Victorian Structure Concept

Final Victorian Concept

The modern formative of the architecture was experiments in order to design something that is unexpected in such environment. Moreover, the design of the structure still featured Victorian ornamentation and was turned in a reflective position to create a more orchestrated space.

Queen’s Festival Hall Iterations

After finalising the orientation of the structure the structure, the design The final concept was established by detailing unique forms the space and was established through an upside-down concept and was built upon in represented both modern and Victorian concepts of architecture that were that direction. Balustrades and other conventional pieces were fabricated to be a monumental for such a technical aspiration. to be of Victorian composure and were designed to offer a modern space.

Week 3 - Queen’s Festival Hall View, Woodberry Wetlands The drawing features a hall for the Queen of England, to celebrate her majesties 100th birthday. The Victorian engineer was tasked to create a monumental space that sits in the middle of the reservoir to enclose itself from the public. Moreover, the design uses the modern conventions to design a space uniquely political. The character is against the royal families use of power, thereby he designs the Victorian steel column and arches to be reminiscence of his political view. The design is meant to formulate a memorial of her majesties reign for the century.

Week 4 - Golden Lane Estate, Islington The fourth character was a retired steel engineer, who after working all his life had retired alone. Therefore, to flee from the loneliness, he decided to create a public building where all the elderly and the low-income families in the estate block could come together to cook and eat the food that would be coked by the community themselves.

The design followed a steel frame suspended between the blocks of housing in the golden lane estate. The suspended frame then would then hang a concrete structure which would be framed with timber and to help connect the concrete cast pieces.

The design followed social concept to grow food in greenhouses, found at the top of the estate housing and then to cook it and share it with the community.

The site was set at golden lane estate, a post-world war 2 housing estate adjacent to the Barbican estate. The estate hosts several sport facilities and has many diverse communities. Moreover, there is a large population of elderly, with as many as 30%; 303 people being over 60+. Moreover, the elderly does not have a social program associated with the site, and access to some facilities do not have ramps, therefore, the use of ramps in the design followed the he is building Regulation Part M. The use of the building was optimised for wheel chair access and used railings to allow elderly to enhance for movement.

The building is designed to be aerodynamic and uses three major materials; steel, oak and Portland stone concrete. The building is designed to be easily accessible from the housing and uses stair free access to the building.

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Current Conditions for the Golden Lane Estate The current conditions of the site revolve around the limited forms of activities for the estates residents. The estate has several elderly and those with disabilities. Though the conventions of a public program for those groups of people does not exist on the estate, especially when a majority of people have problems leaving their homes. The estate offers a variety of services with its borders, however, though nothing that brings the community together.

Concept Sketch Idea for Golden Lane Estate The design concept was quite straightforward, a community hub that enables people who have a low income, elderly or those with a disability can come together, and form a space where they can come together and celebrate or have a community meal arranged using a self-grown organic produce that the community would grow in a greenhouse located at the top of the building. The sketch illustrates the designs concept and how the floor spaces for the hub would be implemented.

Community Hub Isometric The structure is hung by two concrete masses on top each residential block. This allows the building to be levelled in the middle of the block, allowing residents to meet the structure evenly. Therefore, the structure enables the community to circulate through their regular routes onto the platform onto a ramp and into the structure. The building has been designed to comply part M regulation and Part K.

Week 4 - Community Hub, Golden Lane Estate This drawing illustrates how elderly and the rest of the community would come together and be part of this space that enables them to have a community meal together. Moreover, the space was designed by looking at regulations and enabling step fee access to the platform from their balconies. The features that enable access and movement into the building have been merged with the designs concrete form. The structure would be held by steel trusses which would be embedded into large concrete forms at each side of the building on the estate. The design features three materials for atmospherically purposes; concrete, steel and timber.

Brief 2 A Public (private) Building As land values increase all over London, compromised space and small awkward land plots are being created. New topologies of architecture are required to be added to a denser infrastructure. The brief was to create a public (private) building that allows the public alter public interaction. The building has to consist of at-least two spaces, that allows a dynamic narrative fit for the site. The site will be a small plot on Clerkenwell Road.

The brief will take specific conceptional components from the previous designs and it will form a combined space for the characters to use. Consider exceptional buildings that we have visited and create a architectural language tat engages the public with the design.

View from St James Sqaure onto developing site.

View from Clerkenwell Road onto developing site.

View from office behind the site.

Clerkenwell Road, Site Images The site previously before demolition offered a petrol station and a mechanic workshop that was converted into a temporary cinema for the public. The owners of the site arranged this, though was discontinued in 2012. Moreover, the site has seen large number of surrounding developments, with high-street developments and a larger range of restaurant, Islington working district is becoming denser and denser.

Clerkenwell is one of the densest working sectors of Islington, as the number of people who enter the ward are well over 100,000 daily.

Green Spaces Office Restaurant/ Food and Drink Clerkenwell Ward Boundary

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Site Analysis for Clerkenwell The research found out that the number of restaurants is almost equal to the number offices and businesses. However, the number of people compared to the number of restaurants is beyond their capabilities, as over 15,000 people would go out for lunch in the surrounding area around the site. The map records over 100 restaurants and areas of pubs (food and beverage), and 120 business and offices all in the range of 10 minutes away from the site. However, the ration to green space to food and beverage area is 1 :33 respectively.

Entrance Points Pedestrian Route

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Site Analysis Pedestrian Routes The circulation around the site has a very distinct outline through the movements and restrictions placed on the public. The site is under development and only has two entrances to get into St John’s square, where the secondary access skips the number of restaurants next to the site, as the Jerusalem Alley is the secondary entrance for the site. Moreover, pedestrians move from behind the site to avoid the traffic and the noisy environment. After walking around the site, a close inspection on the restaurants and facilities gave me an insight on how people who avoid the main road (Clerkenwell Road) limits the number of customers inside the districts restaurants.

Entrance Points Pedestrian Route

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Proposed Pedestrian Route The proposed route would also offer a direct passage through the site, as many people move around the site to get off the main road and take a quieter passage. Moreover, the site originally had a courtyard that extended to the neighbouring building. This was set out in the early 1920’s during the time when Clerkenwell was known as little Venice. The site originally had more green space as the courtyard was for the public. The circulation around the site means that people often have ignored the services and facilities immediate to the site, as it was almost a hindrance to stop in a place where minimal activities occur.

Other Theft 418 Procession of Weapon 10 Public Order 74 Other Crime 11 Anti Social Behaviour 339 Robbery 58 Burglary 168 Vehicle Crime 134 Violent Crimes 332 Drugs 116 Criminal Damage and Arson 88 Shoplifting 19 Bike Theft 95 Theft from Person 253

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Crime Rate and Percentages Clerkenwell is the home for over 12,000 people, with roughly 55.92% of the ward Christian. This means that it is not a very diverse community, with 80% being white. Moreover, Clerkenwell has the highest household income of £34.67k being the average income in the borough of Islington. However, the borough having the highest income per household, also means its the most targeted in terms of crime rate. There have been 168 reported burglaries between September 2015 and august 2016. Moreover, the ward has a large anti-social behaviour problem, with over 339 reported cases. This is also backed up with a low educational skill, with just over 50% of secondary school producing A*-C results.

Spinach

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Dill

Peppers

Lettuce

Tomato

Strawberries

Blue Berries Coriander

Basil

Green Houses By utilising the flat roofs around the site, would allow the restaurant to collect several thousand litres of water by using the existing drainage points on the site, and connect them to the reservoir under the main building. This would enable me to filter and distribute water to the areas where its required. Moreover, this would mean that the entire restaurant would be self-sufficient. Access to the flat roofs would have to be made by creating a multi-platform railing to access them or b. The existing access routes would mean that the interaction with the public realm would not just be intimidate to the site but to the wider pedestrian circulation of the site.

Food Growing Data Diagram These vegetables are easy to grow and do not need a long time to grow. Moreover, these vegetables can all be grown through hydroponic and UV farming conditions. However, these vegetables cannot simply sustain a 5x25m garden over a long period of time, therefore, by using the flat roofs around the site to further grow vegetables, it would then sustainably feed the restaurant. The research would then broaden to botany, allowing the youth to learn scientific and the environmental knowledge. These specific fruits and vegetables are set according to the surface area and how much the restaurant is required.

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Jan 11th 15:00

Jan 1st 09:00

Jun 13 15:00

Jun 7th 18:00

Jan 12th 12:00

Jan 18th 18:00

Jul 22nd 09:00

Sep 10th 09:00

Mar 3rd 12:00

Mar 25th 16:00

Sep 14th 12:00

Sep 18th 18:00

Mar 3rd 15:00

March 10th 15:00

Nov 15th 09:00

Sun Path Analysis The sun path diagram enabled the roof planting positioning of fruits and vegetables to enable the correct fruits and vegetables to receive the light they need throughout the year. The digram explores shadow and light levels throughout the year. This determined where each vegetable should be positioned among the flat roof tops on the site.

Conceptual Sketches The sketches explored both structural designs for water collection as well as a façade for the entrance of the building. The structure was designed to enable water collection to be used for the watering of the plants. This would make a highly sustainable approach and would minimise costs, as this would be a privately funded program. The entrance elevation was inspired by the studio trip to Seville. The design of the facade was rejected due to the contrast between the site and the proposal.

Hanging Canopy Structure The initial though was to create a timber structure that hangs between the two buildings on the site. The concept was set to allows the public to take shelter and open up a market place where people could have their lunch outside. This canopy is inspired by Duggan Morris swimming pool.

3D Structure Design

Abstract Restaurant Concept

3D Structure Design

The second iteration was followed by the previous design which established The design of the structure has been replicated through the basis of water a relationship between the buildings and the face of the street. The con- collection and direction by plants. The design illustrated a steel structure cept to develop a shelter for the public by introducing a new route between with multiple ribs and a which PVC wrapping, to direct the rain water.

Clerkenwell Road and St John’s Close.

Water Collection System

Final Iteration

The structure is a singular form of many bays. The structure all directs The scale of the project and the concept had far too many things happening. The concept from iteration 3 was scaled down and structure integration of water into a hollowed column, which acts like water piping, that is send to However, the use of individual concepts from the previous brief helped cre- the green spaces was made more specific for the public to see. The narrapossible water collection pools. ate a space and the design that made it successful. tive was then settled and the design was slightly altered to become more designed and refined for the public’s use.

Restaurant Iterations

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Site Drawing The site map illustrates the relationship between Clerkenwell road and the St James Square.

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Section AA Water Collection System The section illustrates how the water collection system works, and where the water is directed, and used within the infrastructure of the site. The water is collected into a reservoir placed below the building, and accessible in the UV lighting room. This water is then pumped into the buildings main, where its distributed to where it is needed.

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1 - Gardening Area (Internal) 2 - Sitting Space (Public) 3 - Entrance and Serving Area 4 - Kitchen 5 - Food Preparation 6 - Food Preparation 7 - Refrigeration Unit

Plan Ground Floor 1:100

SECTION AA

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1 - Lab 2 - Testing and Preparation Area 3 - Testing Area 4 - UV Lighting Shelve (Strawberries 5 - UV Lighting Shelve (Blueberries) 6 - UV Lighting Shelve (Coriander) 7 - UV Lighting Shelve (Spinach) 8 - Access to Ramp and storage

Plan First Floor 1:100

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SECTION AA

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Perspective View of the Garden space

Perspective section of the Super Scientific Restaurant

Brief 3 (not housing) The major project will be located in the Churchill Gardens estate in Pimlico. Built between 1946 and 1962 by the architects Phillip Powell and Hidalgo Moya, the development replaced Victorian terraced houses extensively damaged during the Blitz with a modernist vision of 1,600 homes. Students will develop their own brief through discussions with the tutors, but fundamental expectations on the number of private programmes, programmatic support spaces, shared amenities and other contextual factors will be set.

As the major project will focus on the provision of social infrastructure within the context of housing, we will ask students to carefully consider the Churchill Gardens site and the residents and uses it serves. We will encourage students to complete extensive desk-based study, as well as field work, to understand key issues such as: - Development context - Historical development - Pedestrian routes and experience - Defined and undefined space - Social and civic infrastructure provision

Kraftwerk The projects aim to offer an alternative solution to the current or future energy production in Westminster.

A Power Plant on the site that utilises sustainable fuel consumption to supply energy to Churchill Gardens Estate, with the added outputs of cooling, and heating would benefit a long-term need of attraction and aspiration on the estate. This concluded to creating a venue that incorporates the properties and wasted energy conservation to form a public program.

The use of the secondary services would applicable according to the time of energy usage.

During winter, low temperature forms a surge in heating, whereas during the summer cooling would be distributed through the estate.

Therefore, something that accommodates those energy conservations would a swimming pool which converts into an ice rink, on the demand of the energy usage.

This would merge three types of topologies of architecture into one breathing concept that takes and gives back.

Project Overview

Top floor view from Sulvian House, View of central London.

View of opposing residential block. The parallel arrangement limits privacy for residents, and over shadows parts of the estate, View of development opposite Churchill Gardens Estate, signifying increase of land value within the due to the positioning of the blocks. estate.

Churchill Gardens Estate Churchill Gardens Estate sits with the major working infrastructure and major development projects in Westminster. The estate in the recent years has been sought for development as the new Battersea development is occurring, opposite the Thames. Furthermore, the estate has experienced mass deprivation and the PDHU (Pimlico District Heating Unit) system which was the first UK district heating from Battersea Power Station was discontinued, creating a hole in the once innovative and highly praised estate.

Community Centre Church School Unusable Green Space Facilities

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Arranged Spaces on Churchill Garden Estate The Estate is made up of a variety of spaces and buildings. The estate consists of 7 Grade 2 protected buildings, 2 schools, 2 community centres, 1 Church, 3 Playgrounds, 2 Football/ Basketball pitches, and large green areas. These areas are divided across the site and enclose the estate in its boundaries. Moreover, the estate does not use the entire potential area, as spaces such as; playground is often left empty.

3m Fencing, Privatising Areas 1.1m Brick Fence, Land Division 300 mm Green Space Railing

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Space Boundaries around Churchill Garden Estate The estate has a variety of boundaries that break down the visual and physical formation between the spaces. The arrangement of the play areas, football pitches, and green spaces has dramatically changed from the 1960’s. The boundaries limit the movement and activities of the residents in the estate as they once were opened planed spaces. This has meant that the residents are not able to interact between the spaces, forming less social spaces and gathering facilities. In addition, the safety that of the user cannot be assured, due to the visual barriers that have been placed. The types of barriers are set to both short and high walls, fences, and blocks of housing.

Example of High, 2m wall, dividing green spaces between open fields and private gardens, relative in areas where low terrace housing is surrounded by green spaces.

Example of small railings, relative around all large green spaces, mainly to keep pedestrians and dogs off the green spaces.

Example of Medium, 1.1m wall, dividing green spaces between open fields and private gardens, relative in areas where low terrace housing is surrounded by green spaces.

Visual Boundaries in Churchill Gardens Estate Examples of visual and physical boundaries in the estate. Despite the large area of green spaces, that can be named communal spaces, the estates boundaries and divisions limit the spatial ability and how and when these spaces can be used. For an estate that has a large population such as Churchill Gardens, the estate should be equivalent spatial abilities as infrastructure on the estate.

Example of High, 2m wall, dividing green spaces between open fields and private gardens, relative in areas where low terrace housing is surrounded by green spaces.

Visual boundaries in Churchill Gardens Estate

Example of small railings, relative around all large green spaces, mainly to keep pedestrians and dogs off the green spaces.

Example of Medium, 1.1m wall, dividing green spaces between open fields and private gardens, relative in areas where low terrace housing is surrounded by green spaces.

Visual Boundaries in Churchill Gardens Estate Examples of visual and physical boundaries in the estate. Despite the large area of green spaces, that can be named communal spaces, the estates boundaries and divisions limit the spatial ability and how and when these spaces can be used. For an estate that has a large population such as Churchill Gardens, the estate should be equivalent spatial abilities as infrastructure on the estate.

Pedestrian Routes Entrance to Estate (Arrow) Entrance to Blocks

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Pedestrian Circulation around Churchill Garden Estate The circulation in the estate follows a parallel arrangement with the blocks of housing oriented towards north. The arrangement of the estate has created a number of entry points to allow a wider access to the estate. The roads and the spaces in between the estate are linearly arranged, to maximise circulation efficiency for external pedestrians. The configuration of entry 19 points around the estate allows the pedestrians and the residents to be able to enter from a variety of different routes, enabling a effective circulation around the estate and within it.

Unusable Plant Spots Green Field Area Private Area Attached Garden Area

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Types of Green Spaces on Churchill Garden Estate The green spaces on the estate are broken down into three categories, private, public and semi-private. This means that the external public is not able to use every green space available in the estate. Moreover, the green spaces divide the community in many ways. Primarily, the result of the smaller private spaces and large public spaces, causes problems between the residents of the estate. This is due to the lack of ownership, as people with their own needs require space to facilitate their activities.

Green Field Area Estates Inside Westminster Estates Outside Westminster

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Green Space and Estates Representation in Westminster In Westminster, there a number of estates that have large communal spaces within its infrastructure. Green spaces and non-usable spaces for the community have a large influence on how an estate is perceived and how it is used. The green spaces in some estates have value for development, while, some have large green spaces with limited activities. The map explores 12 estates in Westminster to understand the ratio of green space to estate.

Green Space and Estates Representation in Westminster This chart illustrates the amount of green space to estate as a ratio of 1 to 100%. These estates are part of many communities in Westminster. Abbot’s Manor Estate has the highest usable concentration of green space in one estate, followed by Churchill Gardens Estate, which consist of usable green space, though is incapable for use of the large community. This research was to approach with the possible access of biomass from these estates. Furthermore, this study illustrates how green spaces can be only visual and do not have a major use in such estates.

Future Connections Buildings Connected to Scheme Pipelines Installed to Date

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PDHU System The Pimlico Heating tower is a 41-meter water heating tower, that distributes water to over 3000 homes. The heating tower operates through 3 major pumps that distribute the water, and the tower contains and heats the water. This is then distributed on demand. Furthermore, to accommodate more people in the system, the distribution system will be expanded in 2020, with an investment of £40 million.

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Water Line and Distribution around Churchill Garden Estate The current heating system that the accumulator distributes, is far too inefficient. £4.5 million is spent a year to distribute hot water alone.

The running costs exceed far more than that as fuel prices, maintenance, and adoption to boiler systems inside the flats rack up the price.

This compared to the Olympic Energy Centre, which produces more energy and distributes too far more people, is capable with £15 million a year. This means that the system needs an upgrade as current technology aim becomes more efficient and the need for more sustainable energy production in Westminster is becoming a larger issue.

Concentration in Micro Grams per cubic metre <36 36 - 40 40 - 45

High Consumption

45 - 52 52 - 60 60 - 68 >68

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Low Consumption

Energy Production in Westminster The increase of construction around the estate increased the pollution levels by 30% from 2015. The construction of new industrial areas and buildings, has increased the pollution levels as well as energy consumption. This was determined by the council who have outlined that the future construction and architectural program require a sustainable approach and be part of the architecture that illustrates the significance of the public realm. Therefore, energy consumption and pollution levels are correlated which has led to the conclusion more efficient energy usage needs to be established in Westminster

Model Site Location Model 1:500

The site has been chosen according on the estate due to three reasons. Firstly, the site receives the most amount of light throughout the year. Secondly, the building is opposite to Battersea Power Station, which forms a relationship to the historic depth the site has with the power station. Thirdly, the location enables the wider public to enter the grounds of the estate, by breaking the visual and physical barriers on the estate, which separate from private and public.

Precedent Study, The Olympic Energy Centre, Stratford The Olympic energy centre designed by John McAslan + Partners, is biomass energy centre (Kings Yard, Stratford) is designed to have diverse types of energy sources with the main being a biomass burner. Energy Plants were required to power the Olympic site, as the national grid would not have sufficient enough to power extra energy for the Olympics as well as for Stratford. Biomass energy works by burning biomass in a boiler to create electricity. Biomass is organic waste ranging from plants to human waste. This produces little carbon emissions and can offer a variety of other energy production from waste energy. For example; the Olympic power station produces excess heat from the boiler room, therefore, water is run through the boiler room, to heat water. Water in the energy centre is both heated and cooled in the centres and is distributed throughout the park. This method is sustainable and does not produce waste energy compared to a traditional coal power plant, where heat is wasted into the atmosphere.

The architectural form of the energy centres offer an unconventional visual appearance of what a energy conventionally is. The energy centres offer an architectural convention that is integrated into the community and does not oppose it. Moreover aesthetically, the screened flue facade that both energy plants have is functional to ventilate or cool the 45,000 mm towers of the centres. The building is both form and function and follows through scientific conventions.

Olympic Energy Centre Precedent, Kingsyard, Stratford The Olympic Energy Centre has two locations, both interconnected through the site and provide energy to the Olympic Park and as well as 10,000 homes in Stratford. The energy centre generates energy through the use of local organic waste, such as; wood chips and human waste. The concept that follows the concept to develop a new power station on the estate is not going to be on the same scale as the Olympic Energy Centre. The estate which has just over 3982 people, the maximum power output required is going to considerably smaller. Moreover, the energy production of the proposed concept to become more established with the introduction of biomass fuel.

Olympic Energy Centre Precedent, Kingsyard, Stratford Biomass energy production is a very sustainable energy production method, where energy is taken and given back to the environment by replacing the used carbon dioxide from the organic matter. The carbon dioxide that is brunt from the biomass fuel is absorbed by the plants from the atmosphere, creating a cycle of 0% carbon emissions. Biomass has a variety of sources. The biomass comes from; decaying plants, landfill gas, and bio-gas. A power plant on the estate could work well in terms of the production of organic waste. The energy plant could offer a way to be cost effective in waste. Therefore, any garden waste or human waste from the estate could be used for energy production.

Biomass Boiler room

Flute Tower

Energy Gas Turbine

Absorbion Chillers

Electric Chillers

Fuel Storage Truck Bays Storage Area Offices Generator Hall Gas Engines Gas Klosk Plant Energy Gas Turbines Transformers Switch Room

1:200 (section) 1:250 (plan)

Olympic Energy Centre Precedent, Kingsyard, Stratford The spatial arrangement of the Energy Centre enabled the design to develop a spatial strategy that can be developed in the estate. The plan and section demonstrated a parallel energy production facility, which is both efficient and can allow secondary to be placed into the design with a flexible overlap.

Energy Production Requirement Diagram The diagram illustrates the needs for the power plant and the services it will offer. The diagram displays the amount of energy required, the amount of waste needed for biomass, the amount of energy supplied, secondary outputs, and a sustainable strategy.

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Boiler Biomass Fuel Room Turbine Hall Pool Services

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Plant Switch Room Changing Rooms/ Toilets Main Entrance Transformers

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Water Storage Flute Tower Storage Biomass Boiler Room Offices Office Entrance

Spatial Strategies for Power Plant This digram illustrates how a spatial arrangement has been iterated to form the power plant spaces, as it has overlapping program with specific needs for each condition. Furthermore, the design was arrangement to develop into a more efficient arrangement i.e. into a parallel arrangement, to allow the both public and private strategies to interact with one another.

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Water Storage Storage Area

Pool Services

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Pool Services

Switch Room

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Storage Area

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Turbine Hall

Electric Chillers

Gas Klosk

Electric Chillers Transformers

Biomass Boiler Room

Offices Absorbtion Chillers

Gas Klosk

Electric Chillers

Electric Chillers

Turbine Hall Boiler Room Flute Tower

Boiler Room Water Storage

Gas Klosk

Flute Tower

Turbine Hall

Offices Entrance Transformers

Biomass Boiler Room Plant

Absorbtion Chillers

Switch Room

Pool Services

Storage Area

Boiler Room

Pool Services

Biomass Boiler Room

Gas Klosk Switch Room

Main Entrance

Changing Rooms and Toilets

Transformers

Plant

Turbine Hall Plant

Changing Rooms and Toilets

Boiler Room

Main Entrance

Flute Tower

1:1000

Biomass Boiler Room

Planogram Iteration These diagrams illustrate the spatial arrangement and overlapping spaces of individual aspects of the power plant. By using the outline of the site which determined the shape of the building. The iterations followed examples of other power station and the precedent study. This allowed an effective strategy for the designation of individual spaces.

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Electric Chillers

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Electric Chillers Transformers Biomass Boiler Room

Boiler Room Flute Tower

Transformers

ass Boiler Room

Electric Chillers

Gas Klosk

Turbine Hall

Boiler Room

Boiler Room Water Storage

Biomass Boiler Room

Turbine Hall

Transformers

Gas Klosk

Water Storage

Flute Tower

Biomass Boiler Room

Storage Area Switch Room Plant

Switch Room

Switch Room

Changing Rooms and Toilets

Pool Services

Main Entrance

Storage Area Changing Rooms and Toilets

1:1000

Main Entrance

Main Entrance

Plant

Changing Rooms and Toilets

Changing Rooms and Toilets

Plant

Switch Room

Gas Klosk

Plant

Main Entrance

Boiler Room Absorbtion Chillers

Pool Services

Storage Area

Storage Area

Absorbtion Chillers

Planogram Iteration These diagrams illustrate the spatial arrangement and overlapping spaces of individual aspects of the power plant. By using the outline of the site which determined the shape of the building. The iterations followed examples of other power station and the precedent study. This allowed an effective strategy for the designation of individual spaces.

Early Entrance Views To enable the public to feel that the industrial design of the building was accessible for them. This illustrates how a civic entrance for the power plant may offers a spatial strategy for the residents to incorporate their needs and activities within the entrance/ civic space.

1:50 Model

Entrance Concept Model The entrance is a vital part of a building. The exploration of this model, was to understand the perspective of entering a much private building topology. The concept model explores the relation with the public and how one approaches the building, as in many cases, a power plant is limited to the public, this however, enables the public to feel as if it belonged to them.

1:50 Model

Entrance Concept Model The entrance is a vital part of a building. The exploration of this model, was to understand the perspective of entering a much private building topology. The concept model explores the relation with the public and how one approaches the building, as in many cases, a power plant is limited to the public, this however, enables the public to feel as if it belonged to them.

1:100

View Concept for Entrance The materiality on the building was formed from the industrial aspects of the building. Therefore, copper triangulated sheets where chosen to be cladded onto the building, to allow a contrast between Battersea Power Station and the Kraftwerk to be reflective of such innovative and representative architecture in London.

1:500 Model

Massing Model A 1:500 massing model was made, to understand the spatial arrangement around the proposal. This enabled the design to develop a limitation with the opposing tower blocks on either end. Despite the scale of the project, the design, fits the estate with the addition of external spaces for the public.

Final Drawings and Renders

Spatial Arrangement of the Power Plant The section displays the variety of spaces that are tied around the public domain, with the Pool/ Ice Rink in the centre of the building. The overlapping service arrangement enables the public to see the production of energy in relationship with the spaces they inhabit.

Internal View from Second Floor Internal render exploring lighting and material conditions with a view of the public swimming Pool/Ice Rink.

Internal View from the Swimming Pool View from public realm towards private realm. A series of double and tipple height spaces, with platform hanging over the public realm, enable a connection between public and private areas.

Internal View from the Swimming Pool View from public realm towards private realm. A series of double and tipple height spaces, with platform hanging over the public realm, enable a connection between public and private areas.

Rendered Isometric of Proposal The render explores the materiality of the proposal in contrast to the estate, as well as how the positioning of the proposal on the estate grounds affect circulation and brakes barriers for public to enter the estate.

Lighting Conditions in Relation to Materiality This render explores the materiality within the building and how natural lighting effect the spatial atmosphere when reflective materials are used in the building to project the scale of space.

Long Perspective Section The section displays the two occasions of the public realm between Swimming Pool and Ice rink; with the hydraulic electric chillers cooling the surface of the swimming pool to become a Ice Rink, for both the public and the residents of Churchill Gardens Estate to use as a community gathering space for all ages.

Under Ground

Ground Floor

First Floor

First Floor Maisonette

Second Floor

Semi-Private Public Private

1:500

Spatial Arrangement The spatial arrangement on each floor varies, with who can access them as well as who uses them. This displays the division in the building for private, public and semi-private spaces.

1 - Stair Case to Chillers 2 - Electric Chiller 1 3 - Electric Chiller 2

1:200 Underground Ground Floor

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1 - Entrance 2 - Gallery/ Event Space 3 - Kitchen 4 - First Aid Room 5 - Public Seating Area 6 - Toilets/ Changing Room 7 - Toilets/ Changing Room 8 - Meeting Room 9 - Office 10 - Staff Changing/ Toilet 11 - Staff Changing/Toilet 12 - Storage Area 13 - Reception 14 - Water Storage 1 15 - Pump Room 16 - Pool Storage 17 - Burner 18 - Biomass Distributor 19 - Ash Collector 20 - Swimming Pool/Ice Rink 21 - Swimming Pool/Ice Rink 22 - Stair Case/ Viewing Platform 23 - Cooling Tower 24 - Biomass Exhaust 25 - Water Storage 2

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1:200 Plan Ground Floor

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1 - Entrance 2 - First Floor Access 3 - Meeting Room 4 - Storage 5 - Biomass Sample Area 6 - Biomass Testing Area 7 - Office 8 - Plant Room 9 - Storage Area 10 - Service Access 11 - Water Storage 12 - Pump Room 13 - Stair Case/ Viewing Platform 14 - Cooling Tower

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1:200 Plan First Floor

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1 - entrance 2 - First Floor Access 3 - Meeting room 4 - First Floor Maisonette/ Staff Lounge 5 - Stair Case/ Viewing Platform 6 - Coling Tower

1:200 Plan First Floor Maisonette

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1 - Entrance 2 - First Floor Access-Through Meeting Room onto Maisonette and Then Third Floor 3 - Lab 1 4 - Lab 2 5 - Lab 3 6 - Book Storage/ Library 7 - First Floor Maisonette 8 - Lab 4 9 - Lab 5 10 - Collective Lab 11 - Storage 12 - Meeting Room 13 - Equipment Storage 14 - Service Output Testing Room 15 - Generator 1, 2 16 - Generator 3, 4 17 - Viewing Platform 18 - Viewing Platform 19 - Stair Case/ Viewing Platform 20 - Cooling Tower

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1:200 Plan Second Floor

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Section AA Long Section of proposal visualising spaces and functions of the poer plant.

Material Study

Marble (Public Area Only)

Brushed Aluminium Panel

White Wall Render (Polished Concrete)

White Wall Render (Polished Concrete)

Galvanised Steel I-Beam (Red Fire Proofing Coating)

INSITU Concrete

White Powdered Zinc sheet

Civic Entrance of the Power Station View of the civic entrance for both public and private members to enter the building, with the entire ground floor being open to the public, excluding storage areas and staff rooms.

View of Battersea Power Station The relationship with Kraftwerk Centre on Churchill Gardens Estate and Battersea Power Station plays a role in displaying the once innovative and historic relationship it once had.