E through H

E THROUGH H:

• Effusive eruption – this is when a volcano erupts, giving rise to hot and liquid lava rather than gas and ash.

• Erratic – this is a large rock or boulder carried a long distance from its origin after having been deposited by a retreating glacier.

• Estuary – the part of a river's mouth that experiences tides.

• Erosion – this is different from weathering and happens when moving ice, wind, or flowing water breaks down rock.

• Exfoliation – this is when surface rock is peeled away over time from weathering, layer by layer.

• Explosive eruption – this is when a volcano erupts to give rise to gas, bombs of pumice, ash, and other thick materials.

• Extrusive rocks – these are rocks that are made from eruptions of something at the surface of the earth.

• Faults – these are deep lines in the earth where movement of large chunks of earth can happen. Expect to see different rock types on either side of any

Faultline.

• Feldspar – this is a common type of mineral you might see in igneous and sometimes in metamorphic rocks.

• Fine-grained rocks – these are those where the grains in the rock are too small to be seen with the naked eye. These are less than 0.1 mm in diameter.

• Floodplain – this is the flat land around a river or floor of a valley that can easily flood after a heavy rainfall.

• Folds – these are places where rock layers are bent through the compression by other rocks. This is how mountains get built at the time tectonic plates collide with one another.

• Foliated or foliation – this is when metamorphic rocks like schist line up in the same direction or are compressed into a flattened texture.

• Fragmental or clastic – this is when grains of sediment are made from erosion occurring after more ancient rocks or seashells have acted on them.

• Gabbro – dark and coarse-grained igneous rock made by slow cooling of lava. It is the same as basalt but has larger intrusions.

• Gneiss – this is metamorphic rock that is coarse-grained and often banded as darker and lighter elements are layered out.

• Grains – these are mineral crystals or particles of sediment you see in all types of rocks.

• Granite – this is light-gray or pink, coarse-grained igneous rock made by slow cooling so large intrusions are found. This is the same as pumice but is a lot harder.

• Hydrolysis – this is a weathering process involving acid rain that slowly wears away minerals to make clay plus salts that dissolve from the acidity of the rain.