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E-book is created by www.Shanyoma.org

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E-book is created by www.Shanyoma.org

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E-book is created by www.Shanyoma.org

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E-book is created by www.Shanyoma.org

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E-book is created by www.Shanyoma.org

E-book is created by www.Shanyoma.org

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E-book is created by www.Shanyoma.org

27-11-67

*sme,fausmfrrav;

E-book is created by www.Shanyoma.org

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E-book is created by www.Shanyoma.org

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E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

1

E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

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E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

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E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

jref r mh a q;ynm

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þynmjzifh toufarG;0rf;aMumif;jyK&ef pdwu f ;l xJyif rxnfch ahJ y/ a0'em cHpm; aeolwOD; ukoí aysmufuif;csrf;om&m&vQif auseyfí rqH;k Edik o f nfyh w D o d nf ynmoif &usdK;eyfjcif;yifwnf;/ aq;ynmwwfpu qdkvQif a0'emonf awGYvQif aysmufapcsifpdwfjzifh raeEdkif rxdkifEdkif oGm;a&mufukoay;wwfonf/ aq;q&mtrnfcHíawmh wcgrQ aq;rukcJhbl;acs/ aq;ukcHMuaomolwdkif; vnf; usrtm; aq;q&mvdk rqufqHacs/ em;vnfwwfodonfholwOD;tjzpfESifhom ,Hk Munftm;udk;Muonf/ udk,fhudk,fudk aq;&mrorkwfbJESifh aq;ukay;csifí r&aMumif; om"uwckudk rl a&;om;az:jyvdkayonf/ pma&;q&m q&maZmf8sD\rsufEmS wGif rsufc;Hk ESpb f ufMum; ESma&mifü uGr;f oD;vH;k cefYjrif;zkBuD;udk awGY&onf/ ]]q&m 'Djrif;zkudk rukbl;vm;}}[k usru ar;rdonf/ ]]ukwmbJuUJG ? aq;&kw H uf arhaq;ay;NyD; cGu J w k ,f? cGNJ yD;aemufvJ jyefazgif;zkBuD; vmwmbJ? olwt Ykd qdu k odyrf BuD;cif cGv J Ykd jyefazgif;wmvdaYk jymw,f? 'Dwpfcg odyBf uD;vmrS oGm;cGJrvdkYbJ}} &efuek o f wif;pmwdu k af y:wGif pma&;q&mudpEö iS ahf wGq Y MHk upOf usr ar;jref;vdu k f aomar;cGef;udk q&mu &kd;&kd;temowif;ar;ovdkom atmufarhxifrSwfyHk &Sdonf/ ]]Armenf;eJrY sm; wcgxJ tjrpfygjywfNyD; aysmufomG ;atmif rukcsifb;l vm;q&m &,f}}[k usru qufjyefonf/ ]]tm;. . . ukawmh ukcsifom;bJ? 'gayrJh Armaq;uuG,f pm;aq;awG wifNyD; temBuD;jzpfvmrSm q&m aMumufw,f? 'gaMumifh rukwm}} ]]rcGJpdyf&bJ tem rjzpf&bJ nifnifomomuav;eJY aysmufroGm;csifbl;vm; q&m}} usru xyf&Snfvdkufí ]]aeprf;ygtHk;[? rrav;u aq;q&mrsm; jzpfaevm;}} vdkY ajymum &,farmaeavonf/ usru tajymr&yf? q&mha0'em aysmufapcsifí q&modatmif zGifhajym&av onf/ q&muvJ &,fae&mrS cyfwnfwnf jyefMunfu h m ]]rrav;enf;u bmenf;vJu}YJG } uefawmhyaJG wG ay;NyD; OHKwdYk zGwYkd aysmufapwdeYk 8YJ gxmref;rIwu f rk mS vm;[k ajymvsufNyHK;ae avonf/ 17

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tquf& cufovdk NidrfaevdkufpOf q&mBuD;u axmufay;onf/ ]]q&mwynfhvdkYjzpfaevdkYyg}}[kqufajymvdkuf&onf/ ]]olu Armhaq;ynmudk av;av;pm;pm; &Sdovm;. . . }} ]]Armqefygw,f? acwfynmwwfayrJh? Armh,Ofaus;rIt&yf&yfudk a&SUaqmifae wJhyk8¾dKvfwa,mufjzpfygw,f/ ArmhynmawGudk txifrao;wwfygbl;}} ]]rrav; tuk&cufvdkY&Sd,ifvJ? q&mYqD vTwfvdkufav}} q&mBuD;u a&Sma&Sm&SL&SL vdu k af vsmvdu k í f 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omESihf tdro f jYkd yefomG ; &avonf/ tvkyfudpörsm; rtm;vyfEdkifí q&maZmf8sDESifhtjrefqHk;awGY&ef aESmifhaES;ae onf/ waeYwGif tcsdef&ojzifh q&maZmf8sDtdrfodkY xGufoGm;avonf/ q&mhtdrfxJwGif xdkifaeonfhwcsdefvHk; q&mBuD;ESifhuko&ef q&mhudk twif;r& ru wdkufwGef;ae&avonf/ aq;ynmqnf;yl;ptcgu q&mBuD; qHk;rbl;avonf/ q&mrsm; ryifhbJESifh vlemrtyfbJESifh aq;ruk&aMumif; oGefoifqHk;rbl;onf/ q&mZD0uyif olYudkryifhí a0 'emukd rukEdkifjzpfum aoqHk;&yHkxHk;rsm; cPcP trdefY&Sdavonf/ q&mrsm;\usif0h wfukd &kad oav;pm;zd&Yk mxuf q&maZmf8sDa0'emjrefjrefcsrf;om a&;udk aZmbBuD;aeavonf/ ]]oGm;ygq&m&,f q&mBuD;qD qufqufoGm;jzpfatmif oGm;yg? q&mBuD;ud kusr ajymxm;NyD;ygNyD? aysmufyghapr,fq&m&,f oGm;yg}} q&mYtdrfrSxítjyef um;ay:ü wufxdkifí um;rxGufciftxd wwGwfwGwf rem;wrf; em;ylavmufatmif awmif;yefcJh&avonf/ rMumcif q&mESifh qHkMujyefonf/ ]]roGm;ao;bl;vm; q&m&,f}}[k jrifjrifcsif; qD;ajymvdkufonf/ ]]at;uG,f q&moGm;rvdkYygbJ? tvkyfawG rtm;wwfao;vdkYyg/ oGm;r,f? oGm; r,f}}[ktm;emyg;em jyefajymavonf/ ,ckwcgrS usrudk wu,fyif tm;emoGm;avawmhonf/ q&mESifhusrrSm q&m BuD;a&SUarSmufodkY a&mufí aeMuayNyD/ ]]rsufped jYJ rifwzhJ u k kd ukvaYkd wmh jyefazgif;vmtH;k rSmbJ? onfzBk uD;b,fu vmw,f qdkwm owdrSaysmufayawmhraygh}} q&mBuD;onf rD;jcpfqef\tzsm;uav;udk "m;ESihfcRefae,if; q&maZmf8sDtm; vSrf;ajymaeonf/ 25

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vkdufvmw,f? uyfxm;wJh*Grf;udk cGgNyD; zkudk ,lypfvkdufNyD}} ]]csyfoGm;NyDvm;q&m}}[k usru 0rf;omtm;& ar;vkdufonf/ ]]acsmoGm;NyD temaygufuav;udk q&mzGifhxm;ay;vkdufao;w,f rydwfao; bl; vmcJhtkH;vkdY rSmvkdufw,f? aemufwcgvmrS ydwfay;vkdufr,f}} ]]bmajymoGm;ao;ovJ}} ]]q&maZmf*sDu ar;w,fuGJY. . . jrefrmaq;q&mawG[m wa,mufeJYwa,muf r wlbl;? usrf;awGuvJ uGJjym;aewm b,fvkdygvJwJh. . . }} q&mBuD;u Nidrfaeí ]q&mu b,fvkdajzvkdufygovJ}[kq&m\tajzudk Mum; csifí xyfar;&avonf/ ]]aq;usrf;awG[m b,faq;usrf;MunfhMunfh awaZmwvkH;om t"duxm; a&;aewmyg? oifwJhq&mu q&mhxHrS aoaocsmcsm enf;cHroifbJ bk&m;aps;u pmtkyf udk 0,fMunfhNyD; olrSDwm olajymvkdYuGJaeMuwmaygh? awaZmwvkH;udk aoaocsmcsmod,if jiif;p&m-ckpH &m &St d ;Hk rvm;? tcsif;csif; jiif;cHak jymqdak eMuwJw h csdKUq&mawG[m awaZm rajymeJY ylwmawmif b,fuylvmrSef; odrSmr[kwfbl;? (t)&,f (1) &,f? we8FaEG&,f? wrsdK;pD xifaeMuw,f? tm;vHk;aygif;vdkuf&if wrsdK;xJ r[kwfvm;? wrsdK;pD xifaeorQ awmh tdrfwdkif; vlrrm&SdNyD; apmifjcHKuav;eJY toufwdkMurSmbJ}} ]]q&morm;qDrSm roifMum;&bJ [dkenf;onfenf; udk,fhbmomudk,f vdkufNyD; vufwJhprf; aq;az:ukMuwJhq&ma,mif q&mwkawGaMumifh Armq&mawG eHrnfysufukef wmyg? Armhaq;ausmif;BuD;zGiNhf yD; aq;wuúov kd ef YJ wu,fwwfow d o hJ rm;awmf BuD;awGeYJ ususeeoifMum;ay;,if Armhaq;ynm[m wpepfxJ wrlxJ ay:vm&rSmq&m}} usrrSm aq;wuúodkvfBuD; &SdcsifaZmjzifh q&mtm; tm;wdkufoa&majymqdkvdkuf onf/ ]]q&m rMumao;cifu NrdKUwNrdKUa&mufoGm;w,f? q&meJYodwJhvlawG pum; vm ajymMuwJhtcgawGrSm q&mESpfa,mufvJygawmh q&mu ar;Munfhw,fwJh? q&mwdkY bm pmtkyf b,faq;usrf;rSm tm;xm;ukygovJar;awmh ESpfa,mufpvHk;u awmifomuk aMumif;ajymw,f/ ]]ae&musvdu k w f m awmifomqdw k m pmtkyef mrnfvm;? &Gmemrnfvm;vdYk q&mar; awmh wa,mufq&mu awmifomqdkwm &GmemrnfwJh? wa,mufq&mu b,f&Gmemrnf [kwf&rSm awmifomqdkwm pmtkyfemrnfAs}}vdkYajymawmh q&mu ]]cifAsm;pmtkyfemrnf t"dyÜm,f b,fvdk&SdygovJ}}vdkYar;Munfhjyefw,f/ ]]awmifomqdkwm tm;vHk;q&mawGxuf awmifBuD;vdk jrifharmufomvGef;vdkY 27

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vkdufrSef;rod em&DoHacsmif; 2-csufacgufoHMum;&ojzifh acgif;udk acgufvkdufovm;yif rSwfxifvkduf&onf/ vlemeHab;wGif uyfxidk v f suf yg;pyfukd twif;zGií hf yg;pyfxo J 0Ydk ifatmif a&Smuf &nfESifhoMum;azsmfxm;onfht&nfudk r&yfrem; tpufcsay;ae&onf/ xdktcsdefü vlrrmrSvGJí tjcm;bmudkrQ vSnfhrMunfhawmh? tdrfuum;ESifhyifhvm aomolYwdkY q&mudk vSnfhírQrMunfhtm;EdkifbJ q&mtem;a&mufvmoH Mum;Mum;csif; ]]q&mhukd jyefyv Ykd u fkd &f m ta':BuD;u wlr&,f oufomyghrh vm; jzpfyghrvm;}}[k wkew f ek &f &D D ar;aejyefacsonf/ ]]tkd aysmufr,f-pdwfcs? tck aysmufrSm. . . }} vlrrSm tvsOf;owdr&ao;ay/ ukd,fawG vufawGrS vIyfEkdifygawmhrvm;[k pdwfrcsEkdifojzifh vufudk cPcP qkyfudkif Munfhrdonf/ um;xGufoGm;oHMum;&rS q&mawmh jyefNyD[k owdjyKrdonf/ vlemtm; rnfrQtm&HkpdkufvHk;yrf;&jcif;? avief;ESifh usr pGefYpGefYpm;pm; b,fvdk eyef;vHk;ae&jcif;rSm tem;uolrsm; odcsifrSod&ayrnf/ t&SdefESifhajy;aeaom um; aemufodkY usrrDatmif vdkufae&ojzifh arm[dkufyifyef;vSacsonf/ usrzufodkY ygvmvkduf olYzufodkY ygoGm;vkdufESifhavief;ESifhusrrSm olwjyef ig wjyef jzpfaeMu\/ vlem\t&dyftuJudk puúefYrQtvpfray;bJ rSefMunfhovkd Munfhum pdwf&Sdvuf&SdEkdifatmif xkdifwkdufae\/ usroif,lxm;aom aq;ynm"mwfoabmum; a&rsm;a&Ekdif rD;rsm;rD;Ekdifjzpf í xufjrufonfh"mwfESifh usrEkdifatmif vkyfbkdYomvqif t"dujzpfayonf/ ]wrvGeb f 0odaYk jymif;oGm;aom cifyeG ;f onftm;¤if;? uk, d af pmifeh wf? tdraf pmifh ewf. . . }} usronf wkef&DaomvufESifharmif;axmifcGufxJodkY a&pufoGef;csaeonf/ yef; awmif;q&mawmfBuD; wkdifay;onfhtwkdif; EIwfrSa&pufcsvkdufqkd,if; usr\ig;ESpf ajrmuftvSL rysuruGuf xajrmufatmifjrifomG ;jcif;twGuf &ifxw J iG f odrchf gvsuf ESpf NcdKuftm;&jcif; jzpfae\/ t&kPfwuf oHCmawmfrsm; pm;Muaom qGrf;ESifhxkdaeYeHeufu <uvmMuonfh rdwfaqGy&dowftaygif;wkdY okH;aqmifoGm;Muaom xrif;[if;vsmwkdYonf vl00BuD; t csdefrD xcsufay;avaom xrif;[if;vsmrsm; jzpfayownf;/ avief;a&m*gpmrsm; zwf&INyD;aemuf tjcm;a&m*ga0'emonfrsm;\pmrsm;udk wapmifNyD;wapmif zwfaejyefonf/ 39

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oli,fem rdk;ay:uqif;vmaom odMum;rif;ESihfawGY&ovdkyif rSwfxifMuum 1-rdepf? 2rdepfcefYNidrfoufaeMu&onfhtawmtwGif; &ifxJü ckefaeavonf/ cifav;jrifo h nf olt Y azay:ü xdik af eum q&m0efukd rMunf0h b hH J rsufv;kH uav; rdSfwfvsuf ajcaxmufudk tomqefYwef;ay;xm;onf/ q&m0efu ajcrrSudkifí ajcaxmufudk qGJcgvIyfMunfhvdkufonfwdkifatmifvnf; rsufvHk;wcsufrzGifh? aMumuftm;vefYtm;jzifh eif;uefrdSwfxm;avonf/ q&m0efonf ajcaxmufudktomt,m jyefvTwfcsvdkufum csKdjrpGm jyKH;Munfh vkdufonf/ cav;\acgif;uav; ykwfvsuf ]]cav;a&. . . cav;a&}}[kac:vdkufonf/ cifav;jrifh rsufvHk;zGifh rMunfhí OD;cspfarmifuyg ]]0ufr. . . 0ufr. . . 'DrSm azhazhudk Munfh prf;}}[k iHkYac:avonf/ cifav;jrifhudk awmfawmfESifhrsufvkH; zGifhckdif;í r&? aemufrS rsuf vkH;uav; r&Jw&J zGifhMunfhvsuf olYtaz aygifay:rS usrxHodkY ajy;vmrnfvkyfonf/ ]]onfrSm cav;. . . cP aeygtHk;? OD;cspfarmif. . . olYudkvrf;avQmufcdkif;prf;yg}} usrrSm tajctaeudk odcsifvSNyD? q&m0efpum;udk Mum;csifvSNyD? q&m0ef prf; oyf rNyD;ao;í &ifxJu wxdxdwfESifh apmifhae&onf/ cifav;jrifhudk q&m0efa&SUü vrf;avQmufjyatmif acsmhMu&onf/ usrwkdY acsmh ajymaeMuckduf rsufvkH;jymjym? ESmacgif;cRefcRef tom;eDeD&Sdaom q&m0ef\rsufESmykHyef; udk tvpfckd;Munfhvsuf aygifay:rS rxbJ ayuyfxkdufaeonf/ ]]orD;av;. . . wifyg;xJu emw,fqdk? tJ'gaysmufoGm;r,f? xav avQmufjy vdkuf? x. . . x}} q&m0efonf udk,fudk qefYqefY&yfum vuf0g;ESpfzufaemufjzefY cg;axmufxm; vsuf usrwkdYudk jyKH;Munfhaeonf/ jyKH;vsufuyif cav;a0'emudk pl;prf;aeaomrsufpd jzifh rsufarSmifMuKwfxm;onf/ q&m0efrSm cifav;jrifhtxudk jyKH;&yfapmifhaeonf/ olYtazu csKdif;rSukdifí rçxlay;,if; ]t&kyfvkdcsifw,fqkd xav. . . vkdufvkduf} qkdrS ]azazyg x}[k wkd;wkd;uav; armhajymonf/ ]]azazh ukdifrxm;eJYav. . . 0ufrzmom 0ufravQmufrSaygh azazvJ avQmufr,f vm. . . }} 42

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toufwkdw,f r[kwfvm;? rkd;wGif; zm;*kHnif;awGatmf,if wnif;oD;jyKwfa&eJYavmif; Munfh toHwdwfoGm;r,f. . . 'D"mwfaygh}} olESifholESifh wnfh-rwnfh"mwfrsm;rSm em;pkdufaxmif,if; wpp&dyfrdvmonf/ ynwfoGm;&m "mwfoufygaMumif;? ÓPfqifhavmif;í ukaumif;pGmvS? axG&m0dk;0g;? ,l rrSm;vifhqkdonfhtwkdif; prOD;acgif;cs&mukd usrtbdkY vG,fvifhwul&ygapaomiSm Arm aq;ynmum; þvdkvufawGYtrSefawG &Sdygonf[kodygpdrfhaomiSm oifajymjyaejcif;jzpf onf/ usronf vufawGY wnfrwnfh "mwfrsm;udk ukd,fwkdifÓPfvTmpOf;pm;prf;oyf um ynmudkom tm;xm;vsuf aq;udkrl udk,fhbmomudkf,fjzpfEkdifaMumif; awGY&Sdvmonf/ cifav;jrifh ajcaxmuf&GJUoGm;jcif;udk taMumif;jyKí Armhaq;ynmudk vkdufpm; rdum 7 ESpfcefY oifMum;rdaomtcg usrrSm "mwfoabmudk axmufrd acgufrdaomaq; q&maygufp jzpfvmavonf/ ]]rrav;. . . cav;wa,muf wufaew,f aoawmhr,f oGm;ukvdkufprf;yg}} q&mBuD;trdefYt& usrrSm raeombJ cav;taz ac:&m a&ausmfOD;a&T*Gef; vrf;odYk vku d o f mG ;&avonf/ usra&mufomG ;aomtdrrf mS wvkid ;f vdrw f xyftrd jf zpfonf/ tdrf&Sifrsm;rSm armfawmfbwfpfum;rsm; axmifvsuf a&TrsKd;rdom;wpk pka0;aeMuaom OD;BuD;&Sdef\tdrfjzpfonf/ tdrfay:wGif y&dowfrsm; tdrfESifhwvkH; jynfhusyfaeay\/ tdrfeD;em;csif; tod rdwaf qGrsm; jzpfvsuf uav;toJtoefjzpfaejcif;udk vma&mufowif;ar; 0dik ;f tkMH unfh &IaeMuonf/ vlawGrsm;aeí usrukornfhukxkH;ESifhjzpfyghrvm;? ujyuf,jyuf vkyfMu rvm;[kylyefoGm;um tdrfxJr0ifcif ]vlawG rsm;vScsnfhvm;? wa,mufwaygufeJY jzpfygh rvm;}[k cav;tazudkpdefjrudk ajymvkdufonf/ ]]q&mr oabmyg q&mr. . . uRefawmfwdkY tyfygw,f? touf&Sif,if NyD;a&m? vkyfcsifovdk vkyfygq&mr}} 00wkwfwkwf jzLjzL 10-vom;t&G,favmuf&Sdrnfhcav;av;rSm wcGD;cGD;ESifh wufae\/ wufykHrSm cav;ESifhrvkdufatmif Murf;vSonf/ rsufpdESpfzufysufaeNyD; qefY iifqefYiifwufaeaom cav;em;ü 0dkif;tkHaeMuaom vlxky&dowfudk z,f&Sm;ckdif;apNyD; cav;udk ayGYcsD,lvkdufonf/ cav;wukd,fvkH; taEG;xnftxl0wfrsm;udk cRwfckdif;um t0wfyg;ESifhvJay; onf/ ESrf;qDESifhaq;rsm;azsmfum wudk,fvkH; tkyfvdrf;xm;ojzifh wukd,fvkH; rJayae onf/ 54

]]oli,femtkyfaq;q&mu vl;ckdif;vkdY vl;xm;wmyg}} cav;uk, d u f ESr;f qDEiS ahf q;rsm;udk pifMu,fatmif okwyf pfvu dk o f nf/ xkad emuf a&Smufo;D udk cGpJ yd cf idk ;f um cav;\rsufpx d o J Ydk a&Smufa&rsm; npfcsvku d o f nf/ usrtem; &Sd vltyk rf mS rsufv;Hk rsufqefjyL;aeum rsufpx d n J p§ af eykH rESpo f ufovkd Munfah eMuonf/ ]]oli,femath? rsufpdxJa&Smufa& n§pfcsvdkYjzpfyghrvm;}}[ktcsif;csif; wD;wdk; ajymvdu k o f nf/ usr&ifcGifxJü wvGefYvGefYjzifh udk,fvuf qefYiifwufaeaomcav;rSm rsufpdxJ okdYa&Smufa&0ifvQif xGefYxGefYvl;jzpfoGm;um rMumrD NidrfusoGm;avonf/ ]]ausmufjyifeJYoeyfcg;wHk; eHYomjzLwHk; usrem; ,lcJhyg}} cav;\zGm;atu ausmufjyifESifhoeyfcg;wkH; ,lvmonf/ ]aoG;yg&Sifh}[kajym vkdufum usrvnf; cav;\ajcz0g;udk a&Smufa&ESifhaq;jzifh ememwkdufay;aeonf/ cav;wudk,fvkH;udk oeyfcg;eHYomjzLrsm; vl;csum tem;&Sd cav;BuD;awmftm; cav;udk av&atmif ,yfememcyfckdif;&onf/ rD;cJxJwGif ukvm;rufESifhjiKyfaumif;udk xnfhapum wcef;vkH; rD;ckd;rsm; rIefa0aeatmif rIdif;eHYay;xm;vkdufonf/ cav;onf NidrfrdSef;oGm;&mrS rsufvkH;uav; zGifhvSpfum a0'emoufom&m & oGm;ouJhokdY toufudk rSefrSef&SLvmonf/ pdefuJausmuf cwfMunfhonfhtwkdif; cav;\ tajctaeudk rjywfapmifhtuJcwfaerdonf/ cav;twufusoGm;vQif rde;f ra,musfm; vltyk Bf uD;vnf; avoHjzifh wa,muf wcGe;f wGww f w G x f ;dk aeMuawmhonf/ usrrSm wcsdev f ;Hk b,ft&mrS owdrjyKEkid b f J cav; \a0'em oufoma&;? toufcsrf;oma&;udk a&SU&Ivsuf wckNyD;wck EkdifEkdifeif;eif;vkyf ay;aeavonf/ rSdef;aeaomcav;rSm Nidrfae&mrS wufcsifvmjyefonf/ rsufpdxJodkY vsifjrefpGm a&Smufa&puf csay;vkdufjyefonf/ vGefYvdrfoGm;NyD;aemuf jyefNidrfusoGm;onf/ ]]q&m0efawGeYJ aq;xd;k wmvJ twuf rusbl;/ Armq&mac:vJ r&bl;? cPcP wufaewmbJ? 'DaeYawmh uRefawmfwdkY ypfvdkfuf&NyDxm;wmyg q&mr&,f}} ]]'Daq; wdu k v f u kd yf g? 'Dvv kd yk yf g}}[kajym&kH rSm&kjH zifh onfcav; csrf;omrnfr[kw?f tem;uapmifhí udk,fwkdifMuyfrwfvkyfay;EkdifrSom toufcsrf;omp&m&Sdojzifh usrrSm waeukef waecef; ae&mrSrxbJ apmihfMunfhvkyfaeonf/ aMumifyef;&Guu f kd cif;apum cav;udk csodyv f u dk Nf yD; armif;uav;wvk;H udk 0,f ckdif;vkdufNyD; armif;a&mufvmvQif cav;em;wGifuyfí wD;ckdif;xm;onf/ ,yfudkvnf; rjywfcyfay;onf/ 55

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usr ukoykHudk umvrsufpdESifhMunfhvQif ua&mfurnf jzpfcsifvnf; jzpfrnf/ t rSerf mS rnfonhef nf;jzifh uku?k a0'emaysmufwmom auseyfz&Ydk mjzpfonf/ bl;ykvif;vSvS zdwfzdwfvufvuf ypönf;rsm;jzifh a0'emrcsrf;ombJ toufaysmufoGm;u auseyfp&m r&Sdxkdufay/ toufaysmufwmudk rauseyfrvm; odkYr[kwf bl;ykvif;vSvS zdwfzdwfvuf vufypönf;udk auseyfrvm;ukd awG;qpOf;pm;zG,f&m jzpfonf/ "mwfrodawmh cufonf/ "mwfod,if tvG,fuav;qkdonfhpum;rSm Armhaq; ynm&yfü jzpfay:aom pum;[k qkdcsifygonf/ usrtzkdYrl onfvkdwnfhonfh"mwfESifhuko ay;wwfatmif q&morm;xHü 7-ESpf? 8-ESpf qnf;yl;oifMum;cJh&aom ynmjzpfonf/ cav;rdzrsm;udk vufwGef;vSnf;uav;wpD; &Smckdif;um cav;udk vufwGef; vSn;f uav;ay:wifvsuf wa,mufNyD;wa,muf wGe;f aponf/ cav;\a0'emudk cE¨m ig;yg;rSaeí wnfhonfh"mwfrsm;udk wkdufckdufwGef;vSefaeckduf tESihfp? & acwåNidKjiif r&Tif a'go rmetrsuf xGufvdrfhykHao r,Gif;ayonfht&Snfaygif;um oifhwifhyg\[k"mwf q&mBuD;rsm; nTefMum;cJhonfhtwkdif; rD;"mwfESifhav"mwfwkdY\wefckd;tmedoifukd rsuf0g; xifxif awGYjrifae&onf/ avpm rD;awmuf ay;wkHajrmufu a&mufonfha&m*g uif;vGwfuGmvdrfh[k q&m trSm&Sdonfhtwkdif; cav;ESifhwnfhonfh"mwfrsm;jzifh axmufulESdrfeif;EkdifpGrf;rIaMumifh c av;rSm rwufawmhbJ ysufapmif;aeaom rsufvkH;ESpfzufpvkH; rdarG;wdkif; zarG;wkdif; jyef wnhfoGm;um a0'emaysmufuif; csrf;omoGm;&onf/ a&ausmfOD;a&T*Gef;vrf; w&yfuGufvkH;u onfcav; b,fawmhaorvJ[k em; wpGiphf iG hf jzpfaeMuonf/ cav;a0'emaysmufuif;csrf;omoGm;onfukd jrifMuvQif cav; rsufpdxJ a&Smufa&cyfwmeJY aysmufw,f[k ukxkH;pum; jzpfaeMuonf/ trSefpifppf onf cav;tzkdYom a&Smufa&eJYwnfhjcif;jzpfí rwnfhonfhcav;rsm; wufaeckduf a&Smufa& cyfvkdufvQif Muufuav; ZufvdrfcsKd;vkdufovkd toufaysmufoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/ wOD; aysmufwm jrif&onfESifhtm;vkH;aysmufEkdifonf[k xifrSwfjcif;rm vGJrSm;aom0g' jzpf onf/ cav;rdzrsm;onf cav;av;udk usr\aq;wdkufcef;xJodkY ac:vmum pm;yGJ ay:ü wifxdkifay;onf/ ]]armifatmif uefawmh rif;ararudk &Sdcdk;av. . . &Sdcdk;}} cav;\vufxJü aiG 300 wdwdxnfhxm;aom pmtdwfudk udkifapum vlBuD;u udkifí yHkpHjyKay;vsuf &Sdcdk;uefawmhcdkif;aeMuonf/ vlBuD;vkyfay;xm;onfhyHkpHtwdkif; armifatmifu vdkufí &Sdcdk;OD;csaeayonf/ 56

usr &ifxw J iG f vIy&f mS ;aeavonf/ 'DwoufwiG f b,fenf;ESirhf Q ukr&Ekid af tmif taMumjzwfypfxm;aom cifav;jrifh\ajcaxmufudk oGm;jrifvkdufrdonf/ tysKdayguf uav;t&G,fodkYa&mufvmvQif cg;udk apmif;um &GJUum avQmufoGm;ae&&Smaom ykHyef; oP²mefonf azsmufzsufí r&atmif ay:aeavonf/ &ifxJü qkdYwufvmaom tvkH; udk usoGm;&ef ajzqnfazsmufzG,f&m &atmif ESvkH;oGif;vkduf&onf/ cifav;jrifh oli,fem taMumif;jyKí onfcav; touf&Sif&jcif;. . . /

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oabFmcef;xJwiG f Nidro f ufpmG xdik Mf uvsuf tm;vH;k udv k v dk ydk if jrpfurf;ezl;buf&dS v,fuu G f opfyif wJtrd f ponfh w&dy&f yd af jy;aeaom oP²mefrsm;udk ai;armaeMuonf/ xdt k cku d f &ifwek w f wfaom ocifnu D ol\ tay:tuFst D wGi;f tdwx f rJ S y,if; a&mifaq;ykvif;uav;udk xkwfum vuf0g;ay:odkY aq;jym;uav;rsm; acgufcsvsuf yg;pyfxJodkYyufrsdKvdkufonf/ ]]bmaq;vJ. . . ocifnD}} usru vSrf;ar;vdkufonf/ ocifnDrSm aq;jym;rsdKaeckduf &kwfw&uf rajzEdkif cif. . . ]]t8Fvdyfudk ocifnDwdkY Armjynfu b,fvdkbJ armif;xkwfaeayrJh t8Fvdyfaq; awmh olYtdwfaxmifxJ b,fawmhrSrcs0Hhbl;As}} ocifatmifoef;u 0ifaemufvdkufonf/ trsm;&,farmMuovdk usrvnf; &,farmrdw,f/ odaYk omf xdpk um;rSm usrtbdYk NyD;NyD;aysmufaysmuf r[kwfbJ awG;p&m jzpfíawG;rdonf/ ]]t8FvdyfawG armif;xkwfvdkufygNyDwJh ArmjynfrSm udk,frif;udk,fcsif; udk,fhvGwf vyfa&;eJYudk,f&SdygNyDwJh b,frwkef; aq;}} usr\ar;cGe;f ukd usr auseyfavmufatmif tajzray;Edik cf /hJ Armjynfvw G v f yf a&;&vQif[kpOf;pm;rdwdkif; trsdK;om;aq;jyóem ay:vmonf/ Armaq;qdkvQif ESmacgif;&IHUwwfaomusronf t8Fvdyfaq;udk rjywfrSD0Jvsuf t8Fvdyftpdk;&ESifh twkdufcHvkyfum ociftoif;0if ocifr jzpfaeonf/ xdpk Ofu ocifawG yife0D wfMuovkd usrvnf; yife0D wfcMhJ uonf/ ocifawG Arm jzpftm;ay;Muovkd usrvnf; jrefrmjzpfukd wwfEkdiforQ tm;ay;onf/ t8Fvdyftpdk;&udk raumif;a[majymí t8Fvdyfudk qefYusifí t8Fvdyfudk awmf vSefí odkYaomf t8Fvdyfaq;udk vufrvTwf0Hh? oydwfrarSmuf0Hh/ ]]olwdkYudk b,fvdk wdkufwdkuf? aq;awmh olwdkYaq; tm;xm;&rSmbJ}} ,ckvkd awG;awmvufc&H onft h jzpfukd pdwx f üJ atmifo h ufouf&v dS o S nf/ ud, k hf vlrsdK;? udk,fhaq;ESifhudk,f[ka&SUodkY wqifhwdk;ívnf; rpOf;pm;&J? t8Fvdyfaq;0g;udkawmh tmrcH0Hhí udk,fhtoufudk t8FvdyfvufxJ tyfxm;&onf/ w&m;a[m pifay:wufí vuf&kH;wef;um t8Fvdyftpdk;&tm; aoG;pkyf? e,fcsJU? qdkajymaeaprl pdwfxJüum; aq;0g;ESifhywfoufí atmifhoufoufESifh. . . þupavonf/ rSwfrSwf&& t*Fvdyfaq; r&Sd,if b,fenf;ESifhrS rjzpfovkd t*Fvyd af q;om aq;atmufarhcahJ omae&mXmerSm {&m0wDoabFmay:ü jzpfavonf/ 60

aemufaMumif;rsm;udk tawmrowf awG;aepOf um;rSm abmufaxmf ajreDvrf; qkd;udk ausmfchJí uwå&mvrf;ay:odkY a&mufvmavonf/ ajzmifhjzL;aomvrf;ay:wGif wNidrfhNidrfhpD;vsuf wpdrfhpdrfh yDwdjzpfaejyefonf/ cgwdkif;jrifaeus jrif;NydKifuGif;? "mwfqDqdkif? um;qdyf ? 'gawGudk vQHí rsufpdxJ wGif 0dk;0dk;0g;0g;jzpfaeavonf/ &kyfyHkudk rSef;Munfhvsuf&Sd&mtouft&G,fvnf; rcefYrSef; Ekdif ? &kyfvu©Pmvnf; ay:ay:xifxifr&Sd? yHkzrf;MunfhaomoP²mefü xif&Sm;onfhtoGif um; tom;jzLjzL8g0ef0wf. . .

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veD;vmvQif rD;wGif;xJü aomufrnfh vdrf;rnfh eEGif;wufudk trIefYaxmif;xm; um vIHrnfhxif;udkvnf; tqifoifh a&G;cs,fpkaqmif;xm;Muonf/ usr i,f&G,fpOfu usr\rdcifonf a&S;Arm"avhxHk;pHtwdkif; rsufESmjrifyHkudk awGYBuHKbl;cJhonf/ rD;aecef;udk an§mfoif;ESifhavvHk&mü oD;jcm;vkyfavonf/ rD;wGif;xJüoHk;rnfh tdy&f m jcifaxmif t0wftpm;rsm;udk cyfxx l l oD;oefaY &G;z,fxm;onf/ vHrk nfrh ;D uyfEiS hf xif;rsm;yg t&HoifhpDrHxm;avonf/ xif;udk 8&kpkduf&onf/ xif;raumif;vQif rD;ayguf rsm; vGifhwwfojzifh rsufESmjrifNyD;p rD;aeonfrSm udk,f&nfudk,fom; El;nHhvSojzifh rD;zGm; txdrcHEdkifaomaMumifh rD;vIH&ef xif;aumif;aumif; a&G;Mu&onf/ uav;0rf;u uRwfvQif taronf acgif;udk qHpkrsm; xnfhaygif;um jrifhjrifhxHk; vsuft0wfydkif;ESifhaygif;ywfvdkufonf/ rD;wGif;xJü qHpkxnfhxHk;xm;rS rD;xGufvQif qH pkaygif;Edkifaom tusifh&ayrnf/ odkYr[kwf rD;xGufNyD; qHpkaygif;vQif acgif;udkuf acgif;cJ aewwfojzifh rD;wGif;xJü tusifhvkyf&Muonf/ taronf acgif;aygif;NyD; tifwHki,fuav;xJwGif eEGif;rsm;xnfhum a&aEG; ESifhcyfjypfjypf azsmfvsuf rsufESmrSpí wudk,fvHk; 0if;xdefaeatmif tESHYtjym; vl;av onf/ tar\tdy&f mab;wGif rD;uyfBuD;xm;um xif;rjywfxnfv h suf rD;&Jatmif vkyf ay;xm;Muonf/ eEGif;vdrf;NyD; yef;uefvHk;BuD;xJü &if;jym;udk aoG;xnfhum eEGif;rIefY wqkyfBuD; xnfhvsuf a&aEG;ESifhazsmfNyD; aomufcsvdkufonf/ ,if;odkY eEGif;vdrf;? eEGif;aomuf? rD;uifaeyHkrsm;udk aemufaemufu bmaMumifh rSef; t"dyÜm,faygufatmif rpOf;pm;cJhbl;acs/ eEGif;rsm; vdrf;usHvsuf rD;uifaom'ku©udk ab;uMunfhum onfb0rsddK;udk &GH&SmpufqkyfoGm;rdonf/ tarhtwGuf a&aEG;td;k BuD; yGuyf u G q f al tmif wnfay;xm;Mu&onf/taronf wud, k v f ;kH eEGi;f rsm;vdr;f vsuf apmifNcHKNyD; a&aEG;ylyal omufum rD;vIaH eonf/ vufrsm; udk rD;uyfay: qefYxkwfvsuf rD;aiGYcHum rD;uifay;aeonf/ tarhrsufEmS jrifyu kH kd waphwapmif;Munf, h if; tarhtpm; yljyif;vmrdawmhonf/ ]]tar rylbl;vm;. . . ? rtdkufbl;vm;}}[kar;Munfhonf/ ]]rD;aeonfqw kd m rD;wGi;f xJrmS acgif;upNyD; ajczsm;txd acR;xGuNf yD; acR;wpdpk kd aerS rD;aeonfcsrf;,if acR;ajcmuf,if aMumuf&w,f}} vufonftzGm;BuD; ajymjyí þtcsufudk vlom;rajrmufcifuwnf;u em;xJ wGif pGJcJhwm/ 83

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tcsdeftwef t&G,fa&mufvmum tdrfaxmif&ufom;usNyD;aemuf om;OD;udk,f 0efaqmif,laomtcgü usrrSm rD;uyfBuD;ab;wGif eEGif;vl;rD;uif&aom ArmrD;aeonf b0udk &GH&SmpufqkyfvSí ]taemufenf;}jzifh aq;&kHwufrsufESmjrifolrsm;udk tm;usum usr rsufESmjrifvQif tdyf&mazG;azG; jzLcif;vsuf t0wfjzLuav;udk,fay:ü zHk;um acgif;ay:u yefum0D0DESifh aygif'g vl;Edkifaom? pm;csifwm pm;Edkifaom aq;&kHodkYa&muf oGm;avNyD; oefYoefY&Sif;&Sif; acwfrSDrSD arG;zGm;rnf[kydkif;jzwfvdkufonf/ ArmhxkH;pHtwkdif; eEGif;vl; rD;uifaom rsufESmjrifenf;udk acwfqefolyDyD rsuf pdxJwGif tusnf;wefaeum awmusonf/ atmufwef;usonf/ vl&kdif;awGom vkyfwm [ktxifao;rdonf/ ,if;odaYk cwfaemufus acwfrrSD aya&npfywfvaS omom;zGm;enf; [k rsm;pGmtxifao;xm;ojzifh Armvkd rsufESmjrif&rSmudk vljrifrSmyif &Sufpdwf0ifonf/ &efukefwGif om;OD;udk rsufESmjrifonfhaeYu rdzrsm;xHodkY oHBudK;&kdufvkdufonf/ aq;&kw H ufzmG ;&ef MuH&, G x f m;vsuf 7 vjzifjh zKH;ueJ zGm;&ojzifh tdrüf yif vufrw S &f u&if 0rf;qGJq&mrBuD;udk ac:um t*Fvdyfenf;jzifh rsufESmjrifvkdufonf/ tcef;xJ&dS jyLwif;aygufrsm; zGix hf m;um tdy&f mazG;azG;jzLjzLay:ü tnmapmif yg;yg;av;jcKHvsuf rsufESmudk aygif'g&kdufxm;onf/ av'D&SL;pD;xm;aom u&ifom;zGm; q&mrBuD;onf usracgif;rSqHyifrsm;udk uspfqHNrD;ESpfzufcGJuspfay;um yckH;a&SUü csxm; ay;onf/ vufudkifyk0gjzLuav;udk atmf'DuvkH; a&arT;rsm; &TJaeatmif qGwfum acgif; tkH;ay: wifay;xm;ojzifh wcef;vkH; a&arT;eHY oif;BudKifaeonf/ ckwifab;&Sdpm;yGJcHkay:ü a[mvpfEdkYrIefYbl;? rHkYaowåmbl;? ]8vl;udkYpf}bl;? a&aEG; "mwfbl;rsm;ESifhyef;oD;? oAsufoD;rsm;udk yef;uefESifhwifxm;onf/ ]]usrawmh Armvdk rsufEmS jrif&rSm ody&f w HG mbJ tefw&D ,f? usrom bdu k av;jyef rsufESmjrif,if ArmvdkzGm;&rSm ArmvufonfeJYawGY&rSm uHaumif;vdkY tefwDeJYvmNyD; rsuf ESmjrif&w,f}} u&ifq&mrBuD;onf [uf[ufyufyuf &,farmvdkufonf/ ]]eEGif;rvl;wm uHaumif;wmaygh? ckacwfu eEGif;vdrf;wJhacwf r[kwfawmhbl;? t8Fvdyfaq; aomufvdkuf,if acR;xGufwmygbJ}} eEGif;rsm; xdefaewm rD;aeonfudk jrifa,mifvdkufum oefYoefY&Sif&Sif; &Sdaeaom ud, k u hf , kd Ef iS hf EIid ;f ,SOv f suf Armvdk arG;wJrh ;D aeonfawG[m a8:&if8sDuv k m;rawGeYJ rjcm; yguvm;[k pdwfxJü &IHUcsrdonf/ ]]awmu vufomfawG[m bmrSem;vnfwm r[kwfzl; Adkufemaewm ESdyfwGef;cs vdkcs? cav;u aoa&m vlBuD;a&m roufombl;? aMumufzdkY odyfaumif;wmbJ}} 84

]]awmu vufonfawG[m rarG;cifu ESdyfwmr[kwfbl;tefwD&JU? arG;NyD;vJ 7 &ufpvHk; Adkufudk twif;wGef;ESdyfaewm usr jrifzl;w,f/ aoG;cGJay;wmwJh}} ]]MuHMuHzefzef arG;NyD;,if om;tdru f odyEf w k m rESyd &f bl;? rxd&bl;? txJu om; tdrfawG tlawG a&mifukefrSmayhg? AdkufudkylwJhaq;uav; vl;NyD; t0wfuav;eJY ywfay; xm;&w,f? aq;&kHrSm b,fawmhrS ESdyfray;bl;/ ynmrwwfwJh[mawGom vkyfMuwm}} u&ifq&mrBuD;onf toHcyf0J0JESifh us,favmif us,favmifajymaepOf oHBudK; &í bdu k av;rS vdu k v f maom usrzcifonf avSum;rS ajy;wwfvmum tcef;xJoYkd ajy; 0ifvmonf/ ]][Jh orD; aeaumif;&JUvm;}} zcifonf rsufarSmifBuD; MuKwfvsuf usr ezl;udk vmudkifprf;Munfhonf/ zcifpdk;&drfaom trlt&mrsm; awGY&í ]]aeaumif;ygw,fazaz. . . araraum b,feaYJ jymao;ovJ oHBudK;&awmh tar bmajymao;ovJ}}[k jyefajymaewke;f yif [ifacR;vJ rxGufygvm;? ckbmaq;aomufovJ}}[k txdwfwvefY pdwfylBuD;pGm qufar;ae onf/ ]]ckt8FvdyfaoG;xdef;aq; aomufxm;ygw,f? aeaumif;ygw,f}} ]]b,f. . . t8FvdyfrSr[kwfwm? t8Fvdyfaq;aomufvdkYjzpfyghrvJ? udk,fhArmrsdK;&dk; xHk;pHtwdkif; vkyf&r,f? 'grSt&Snfojzihf usef;rma&;pdwfcs&w,f? 'Du 0rf;qGJq&mrBuD; vm;. . . }} u&ifq&mrBuD;ESifhusronf ArmxHk;pHtwdkif; vkyf&rnf[kajymvdkufonfESifh w NydKifeuf ESmacgif; &SKHUvdkufrdonf/ ]]q&mrBuD;udk aus;Zl;vJwifygw,f? tm;vJemygw,f? uRefawmfwdkYu Armjzpf awmh uRefawmfwdkYrsdK;&dk;twdkif;bJ vkyfcsifygw,f? bdkuav;u 0rf;qGJyg wygwnf; ac: vmcJhw,f}} usrrSm q&mrBuD;udk tm;emrdonf/ rsufESmylyljzifh vSrf;Munfhvdkuf&m q&mr BuD;rSm ododomom rsufESmysufaeonfhMum;xJrS [efaqmifNyHK;um ]]vkyfygav? udk,f BudKufovdkvkyfMuyg}}[k jyefajymavonf/ avSum;rS wa'gufa'guf qif;oGm;aom q&mrBuD;\&SL;zdeyfoH aysmufomG ;vQif usrvnf; rsufESmBuD;rIefxm;vsuf ]]Armenf; rBudKufbl;? rvkyfcsifbl;}}[kZGwftwif; acgif;rmpGm jyefajymaeonf/ ]]r[kwzf ;l av? azazu usef;rmatmif ajym&wm rsufEmS jrifwm bmatmufarh vdkYvJ zdzdpD;pD;eJY ususee vkyfay;rS wavQmufvkH; usef;rmoGm;rSm EkdYrkdY,if tom;ta& 85

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ajcmufuyfuyf npfykyfykyfeJY b,fawmhrS vlpOfrrSDbl;? em;vnfvm;? rdzpum; em;axmif rSaygh}} zcifu acsmhí olYpum;em;axmif&ef wGifwGifwkdufwGef;aeonf/ xkdtckduf bkduav;rS vkdufvmaom touf 60 cefY&Sd vufonfa':bDBuD;onf tcef;xJodkY 0ifvmum usr ukwifajc&if;wGif 0ifxkdifvsuf rdzpum;em;axmif&ef w&m; csavonf/ usrrSm Armvkd eEGif;vdrf;&rnfhtjzpfudk &GH&Smpufqkyfonf? eEGif;aomuf&rnfh tjzpfvnf; atmfuvDqefum ysKdUaeavonf/ zciftm; odyfa&S;qefwmbJ acwfaemuf uswmbJ t,lonf;wmbJ[k rausreyfESifhpdwfxJu usdwftjypfwifvkdufum Armenf; vkyf&ef tBuD;tus,f pdwfysufoGm;onf/ ]]eEGif; rvl;bJ arG;wmawG jynfhvkdYyg azaz&,f. . . 'Dvkdqkd t*FvdyfrawG b,fhES,f vkyfrvJ b,fawmhrS eEGif;rvl;bl;}} ]][Jh-olwkdYrSm eEGif;vl;wJh"avhxkH;pHrSr&SdbJ vl;yghrvm;? olwkdYEkdifiHeJYolwkdY"avh [Jh? uRJawGEGm;awGaum Munfhprf;? eEGif;vl;Muovm;? &if;jym;pm;Muovm;? bmom bm 0olw"Ydk avheo YJ w l aYdk rG;MuwmbJ? uRJawG EGm;awGarG;ovkd uk, d u f vku d v f yk v f jYdk zpfwm r[kwf bl;? eEGif;vl;wm[m a&S;uwnf;u vkyfvmMuwm. . . 'Dvkdvl;vkdY a&S;urdef;rBuD;awG b,f avmufusef;rmMuovJ arG;zGm;NyD; tom;ta&udk pkdvkdY ckacwfvkd cav;arG;NyD; tarm rcHEkdif tyef;rcHEkdifwmrsKd;? rD;,yfcsrf; xaewmrsKd;? rD;,yf0rf;azmfaewmrsKd; rD;,yf acgif;udkufpGJaewmrsKd; r&Sdbl;? toufBuD;rS t&G,fvGefrS qHyifjzLw,f? toufBuD;rS t &G,fvGefrS cg;ukef;Muw,f? wcsKdUrSm touf 70-80 om qkdw,f oefrmvkdufwm? tJ'g eEGif;aus;Zl;[Jh}} zcifonf a'gESiahf rmESihf rmefraJ jymaeonf/ zcif b,fvadk jymaeae usrrSm em; r0ifEkdifbJ a&S;acwf\tjyKtrludk t&kdif;tpkdif;awG vkyfwm[k &IHUcsíom rsufESmBuD;okef rIefxm;rdonf/ ]]eEGif;awmh rvl;csifbl;azaz&,f? npfywfw,f}} ]]atmifr,f-npfywfowJ?h 7-&ufavmuf vl;&wm b,fvrdk sm; ud, k u f sKd;eJomG ; rSmrkdYvkdYvJ? eEGif;rvl;bJ aygif'gvl;wm taumif;rSwfvkdY. . . aoG;Ekom;EkrSm ]u&if}tvSqD awG aygif'gawG MuyfMuyfvl; rsufcGufwckvkH; n§if;awG wif;wdyfawG jynfhaevdrfhr,f. . . eEGif;vl;rS ajcmufawmh ylNyD; txJu raumif;wJhtnpftaMu;awG[m acR;tjzpf tjyif a&mufvmwm 'DawmhrS rsufESmav;[m 0if;vkdYpkdvkdY wif;wdyfawG n§if;awG rpGJbl;? em; vnfvm;? a&S;u rD;aeonf qyfjymawmif rukdifbl;? qyfjymxJrSm tJqpfygawmh xkHrSm 86

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