Seminar final documentation

T A E H

W

N O I RS

O T IN

Washington State University

School Design + Construction

Professor Mary Polites

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

TABLE OF CONTENTS

+ BEGINNING MODELING + EXPLORING RIGIDITY + EXPLORING POPULATION + FABRICATION TECHNIQUES +GLOBAL POPULATION +STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS +GLOBAL POPULATION REFINEMENT +LIGHT STUDY +COMMUNITY TIES +MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT +CONSTRUCTION PHASE +ENDING DISCOVERIES +INSTALLATION REVEAL +SPONSORS AND SPECIAL THANKS

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Washington State University

School Design + Construction

Professor Mary Polites

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Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

INTRODUCTION PROJECT CONCEPT Wheat Intorsion from the beginning was focused heavily on finding rigidity of the component itself. The process itself started with paper modeling of form finding. When we think about rigidity of a folded piece of paper, its rigidity is weaker in the horizontal direction. However, when the piece of paper is stood on edge in the vertical direction, it then becomes rigid and strong. This form finding concept was then applied into creating the end result of this column structure.

GEOMETRIC CONCEPT From the initial form finding process, it then became a process of identifying simple fabrication techniques that could give us an end result of this vertical rigidity. This idea started with the development of being able to create a contour that could have a continuous curvature to it while it expanded in elevation. Growing on that idea we realized that since the focus was this aim of vertical rigidity, the realization then became that the contour itself could also be cut in the vertical direction, creating a torsion effect on the vertical members.

Structural analysis showed that the fabrication technique of such a vertical strip orientation rotating in torsion at a 15° angle would create a more structural member. When the strips are placed in torsion, they are covering a greater distance in the x and y plane, making the vertical rails cover more of a distance than if they had just been oriented with no twist. The end result is that the column is much more structural when placed in compression because of this factor of twisting torsion pressure. Final computer structural analysis proved this torsion ratio was more structurally sound than a standard 4”x 4” column.

MATERIAL CONCEPT Moving to full scale fabrication of the column, it was decided to use the local material of the Palouse, wheat straw as a way to tie the end result of the column structure back to the community that helped us complete this installation. With this local material, we made further ties back to the local community by engraving “Welcome to the Palouse” in 75 different languages.

Washington State University

School Design + Construction

Professor Mary Polites

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

3

BEGINNING MODELING Beginning exploration with the model was focused to create a component that could use both rectilinear and curvilinear folds to form a rigid surface. This process proved to be inclusive and a great failure in beginning exploration as its weakness in its complex connection proved to be much of a burden for the component itself.

LARGE SURFACE EXPLORATION

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Washington State University

SINGLE GRID EXPLORATION

School Design + Construction

SINGLE GRID EXPLORATION_2

Professor Mary Polites

SINGLE GRID EXPLORATION_3

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

SINGLE GRID EXPLORATION_4

FIGURE 5-1

FIGURE 5-2

FIGURE 4-1

RESULTS FROM USING A THICKER MATERIAL (WATER COLOR PAPER) AND A LARGER SCALE TO EXPLORE CONECTIONS

BREAKING DOWN COMPONENT INTO ONE SINGLE REPEATING COMPONENT

LOOKING AT COMPRESSION POINTS THAT SUCCEEDED FOR ISPERATION

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FALL 2011

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AUSTIN.D.MILES

FIGURE 5-3

POINTS OF COMPRESSION POINT OF FAILURE

FIGURE 3-1 | Cut Paths and Fold lines

ARCH 491

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3 FALL 2011

ARCH 491 |

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FALL 2011

AUSTIN.D.MILES

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AUSTIN.D.MILES

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FIGURE 4-2

BEGINNING MODEL ASSEMBLY

Washington State University

POPULATING TECHNIQUES

School Design + Construction

POPULATING TECHNIQUES

Professor Mary Polites

CONNECTION TECHNIQUES

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

5

EXPLORING RIGIDITY Moving forward, the aim was to still find rigidity. Looking at any sheet material, when placed in the horizontal direction it is not rigid, but when folded into the vertical direction, it becomes quit rigid. With this exploration, model making continued to form a component that fit into these aims.

HORIZONTAL RIGIDITY INTO VERTICAL RIGIDITY

VERTICAL RIGIDITY

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Washington State University

School Design + Construction

EXPANDING DIMENSION OF VERTICAL RIGIDITY

Professor Mary Polites

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

POPULATING COMPONENT

COMPONENT ASSEMBLY

Washington State University

School Design + Construction

Professor Mary Polites

FORCES IN THE VERTICAL DIRECTION ARE MUCH STRONGER THAN THE HORIZONTAL DIRECTION

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

7

EXPLORING POPULATION

POPULATING COMPONENT WITH HORIZONTAL RIGIDITY

Looking at connection possibility, it was demonstrated first that simply stacking the component in the vertical or Z axis worked quite well, but the was a desire to explore a more complex edge connection that would allow the component to create an arch form to create an inhabitable structure. The edge connections that where attempted through this exploration however, ignored the components great vertical rigidity, making it an obvious decision to then continue to move forward with populating the component into the vertical direction.

POPULATING COMPONENT WITH VERTICAL RIGIDITY

CONCEPTUALIZING DISADVANTAGES OF HORIZONTAL RIGIDITY

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Washington State University

CONCEPTUALIZING ADVANTAGES OF VERTICAL RIGIDITY

School Design + Construction

Professor Mary Polites

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

12 Feet

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8 Feet

FIRST ATTEMPT AT A GLOBAL POPULATION

AUS

Washington State University

School Design + Construction

Professor Mary Polites

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

9

FABRICATION TECHNIQUES Now that the component was going to be populated in the vertical direction, focus then moved toward determining a fabrication technique. The idea cutting contours through the model was the first idea. Doing so would allow light to refract out from the structure as well as giving it a less dense structure. Soon it was realized that cutting the contours in the vertical direction instead of the traditional horizontal fashion, would also increase the components unique element of the vertical rigidity while also accentuating its 15 degree twist.

APPLYING A HORIZONTAL CONTOUR CUT

APPLYING A VERTICAL CONTOUR CUT

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Washington State University

School Design + Construction

Professor Mary Polites

APPLYING A HORIZONTAL CONTOUR CUT

APPLYING A VERTICAL CONTOUR CUT

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

VERTICAL RAIL NO TORSION TWIST

ABSTRACTED COLUMN GEOMETRY

Washington State University

School Design + Construction

VERTICAL RAIL 15 DEGREE TORSION TWIST

COLUMN GEOMETRY ABSTRACTING CONTOUR CURVATURE

Professor Mary Polites

VERTICAL TORSION TWIST SUPPORTING LARGER ARE IN COMPRESSION

COLUMN COMPONENT DIVISION AND VERTICAL RAIL ASSEMBLY

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

11

GLOBAL POPULATION From the analysis of fabrication techniques, we then reached a point to which we could create a global population that resulted in a column structure.

2 FEET

9 FEET 2 FEET

DIMENSIONING THE GLOBAL POPULATION

1 FOOT

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Washington State University

School Design + Construction

Professor Mary Polites

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

Washington State University

School Design + Construction

Professor Mary Polites

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

13

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS With the global population creating a column structure, there was a definite intent to then analyze its structural capabilities of the column.

Our range of testing was limited as testing ranged from digital modeling capabilities, to scaled model testing, and full scaled model testing. The end result of analysis was that the column structure could support more than a 4”x4” fir column showing us that it does have structural potential.

COLUMN GEOMETRY LESS STRONG WITH NO TORSION FORCE

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Washington State University

LOADING SCALED MODEL

COMPONENT GAINS STRENGTH WITH A TORSION FORCE

COLUMN GEOMETRY UNDER FREQUENCY TEST FOR EARTHQUAKE FORCES

School Design + Construction

Professor Mary Polites

LOADING FULL SCALE MODEL

PLAN VIEW OF TORSION FORCE

FORCE TEST OF GLOBAL POPULATION

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

LOADING COMPONENT WITH GREATER FORCE

Washington State University

LOADING COMPONENT WITH GREATER FORCE

School Design + Construction

FINDING COMPONENT POINT OF FAILURE

LOADING COMPONENT WITH GREATER FORCE

Professor Mary Polites

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

15

GLOBAL POPULATION REFINEMENT

0.13

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Professor Mary Polites

DETAIL G SCALE 2 : 5

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School Design + Construction

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: LINEAR: ANGULAR:

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SCALE 2:5 Washington State University 75

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15° R45.75

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DETAIL G SCALE 2 : 5 TOP AND BOTTOM CORD DADO DETAIL DETAIL C SCALE 2 : 5

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UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH:

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Moving toward the global assembly, there was some refinement to the fabrication of each component. To add strength to the vertical contour rails, we changed the connection to a simple dado connection that would CNC into the top and bottom chords of the component. This also eliminated the fabrication time and cost of a face connection using screws. At this point we also changed the width dimensions of the column as the structural analysis proved to the column would be large enough with an overall diameter of 18 inches, verses A the initial 24 inches.

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

DETAIL A SCALE 1 : 2

Washington State University

School Design + Construction

Professor Mary Polites

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

17

LIGHT STUDY Now that the design was finalized, the idea of illuminating the column from the interior was implemented to greaten the view of the lightness of the structure and to analyze the effect that shadows would have on the structure.

ORIGINAL COMPONENT ILLUMINATED

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Washington State University

ORIGINAL COMPONENT RADIATING SHADOWS

School Design + Construction

Professor Mary Polites

FINAL COMPONENT SHADOWS

FINAL COMPONENT SHADOWS

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

COMUNITY TIES

WELCOME TO THE PALOUSE

• • • • •

CMEC Inland Lighting Modern Millwork NVSD Woodworking Pomeroy Fairgrounds

our Sponsors

Special Thank You to our Sponsors

WELCOME TO THE PALOUSE

As an effort to tie the final installation of the component back to the community it was and idea to display “Welcome to the Palouse” in several different languages on each vertical rail of the column structure with a key for visitors to find their own language. The total number of languages that we ended up with was 76.

telugu (Telugu)

Український (Ukrainian)

ภาษาไทย (Thai)

‫( ودرا‬Urdu)

Türk (Turkish)

Việt (Vietnamese) Cymraeg (Welsh)

‫( یسراف‬Persian)

român (Romanian)

slovenský (Slovak)

katikati (Swahili)

polski (Polish)

русский (Russian)

slovenščina (Slovenian)

Svenska (Swedish)

português (Portuguese)

српски (Serbian)

Soomaali (Somali)

தமிழ் (Tamil)

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ (Punjabi)

español (Spanish)

khmer (Khmer) 한국의(Korean) ສປປລາວ (Lao)

Latine (Latin) telugu (Telugu) ภาษาไทย (Thai) Türk (Turkish)

kreyòl ayisyen (Haitian Creole)

Melayu (Malay)

मराठी (Marathi)

Latvijas (Latvian)

Malti (Maltese)

Монгол улсын (Mongolian)

Lietuvos (Lithuanian)

Maori (Maori)

नेपाली (Nepali)

Український (Ukrainian) ‫( ودرا‬Urdu)

norsk (Norwegian)

македонски (Macedonian)

Việt (Vietnamese)

Hmoob (Hmong)

Cymraeg (Welsh)

Igbo (Igbo)

日本の (Japanese)

Hausa (Hausa)

magyar (Hungarian) ‫( یسراف‬Persian) român (Romanian) Indonesia (Indonesian) slovenský (Slovak)

‫( תירבע‬Hebrew)

polski (Polish) Icelandic (Icelandic) русский (Russian) Gaeilge (Irish)slovenščina (Slovenian)ಕನ್ನಡ (Kannada) Svenska (Swedish)

हिंदी (Hindi)

português (Portuguese)

српски (Serbian)

Soomaali (Somali) italiano (Italian)

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ (Punjabi)

čeština (Czech) dansk (Danish) Nederlands (Dutch)

한국의(Korean) ສປປລາວ (Lao)

தமிழ் (Tamil)

español (Spanish)

English (English) khmer (Khmer)

Javanese katikati (Javanese) (Swahili)

suomalainen (Finnish)

Latine (Latin)

Georgian (Georgian)

Melayu (Malay)

मराठी (Marathi)

Esperanto (Esperanto)

français (French)

Deutsch (German)

eesti (Estonian)

Galego (Galician)

ελληνικά (Greek)

Pilipino (Filipino)

Latvijas (Latvian)

Malti (Maltese)

Lietuvos (Lithuanian)

Монгол улсын (Mongolian)

Maori (Maori)

नेपाली (Nepali)

ગુજરાતી (Gujarati)

norsk (Norwegian)

македонски (Macedonian)

Afrikaans (Afrikaans)kreyòl ayisyen (Haitian Azərbaycan Creole)(Azerbaijani) Hmoob (Hmong)

বাঙ্গালী (Bengali) Igbo (Igbo)

Cebuano 日本の (Cebuano) (Japanese)

shqiptar (Albanian) Hausa (Hausa) Euskal (Basque) magyar (Hungarian)bosanski (Bosnian) Indonesia (Indonesian) 中国的 (Chinese) Javanese (Javanese) ‫( ةيبرعلا‬Arabic)

‫( תירבע‬Hebrew) Беларускі (Belarusian) Icelandic (Icelandic) български (Bulgarian) Gaeilge (Irish)

հայերեն (Armenian) हिंदी (Hindi)

Washington State University

ಕನ್ನಡ (Kannada) hrvatski (Croatian)

italiano (Italian) Català (Catalan)

čeština (Czech)

English (English)

suomalainen (Finnish)

Georgian (Georgian)

dansk (Danish)

Esperanto (Esperanto)

français (French)

Deutsch (German)

Nederlands (Dutch)

eesti (Estonian)

Galego (Galician)

School Design + Construction

Professor Mary Polites

Pilipino (Filipino)

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang ελληνικά (Greek) ગુજરાતી (Gujarati)

19

MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT As to further tie back to the community we wanted to fabricate the column out of a locally based material. For this we where able to fabricate the material ourselves out of the material wheat board. This process went from picking up the wheat straw bales, to the final pressing of each board.

SEPARATING WHEAT STRAW BALES

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CHIPPING WHEAT STRAW IN HAMMER MILL

Washington State University

School Design + Construction

FINAL WHEAT STRAW FIBERS

Professor Mary Polites

APPLYING RESIN TO WHEAT FIBERS

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

SPREADING WHEAT FIBERS IN PANEL FORM

Washington State University

PRE - PRESSED WHEAT BOARD PANEL

School Design + Construction

Professor Mary Polites

FINAL WHEAT BOARD PANEL

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

21

CONSTRUCTION PHASE Now that our material had been fabricated, we began final fabrication of the global population. Due to height restrictions we where limited to a six foot height limit.

Final construction included using the CNC to route out all the dado cuts for the vertical rails. The laser cutter was used to cut and etch in the languages on each rail.

Finally the column was assembled and glued together.

ROUTING IN THE DADO CUTS

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Washington State University

School Design + Construction

CUTTING THE VERTICAL RAILS

Professor Mary Polites

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

FINAL SANDING

SOLDERING LIGHTING ELEMENTS

Washington State University

School Design + Construction

SOLDERING LIGHTING ELEMENTS

Professor Mary Polites

GLUING COMPONENTS TOGETHER

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

FINAL GLOBAL POPULATION

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ENDING DISCOVERIES As we approached the end of our exploration, we realized the organic nature that the columns interior produced. In plan view, the column produced a phyllotaxis condition which as a spiraling arrangement of leaves in some plants. This characteristic obeys as number of subtle mathematical relationships that can inherently be seen in the column. We where unaware of this factor until final construction was complete (555,212,2457)

(555,212,2457)

(248,34,2457)

(529,152,2152)

(378,521,2457)

(186,59,2152)

(440,64,1524) (437,496,2152)

(248,34,2457)

(76,348,2457)

(529,152,2152)

(94,404,2152) (136,97,1828)

(378,521,2457)

(136,453,1828) (95,153,1524)

(186,59,2152)

(440,64,1524) (187,498,1524)

(437,496,2152)

(76,348,2457) (73,209,1219)

(248,521,1219) (249,34,609)

(73,209,1219)

(377,34,1219) (72,343,609) (313,26,914) (97,404,304)

(492,99,0)

(136,452,0)

(94,404,2152) (136,97,1828)

(492,99,0) (189,59,304)

(144,97,-0.00)

(136,453,1828) (95,153,1524)

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Washington State University

School Design + Construction

(187,498,1524)

Professor Mary Polites (73,209,1219) (248,521,1219)

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

24

INSTALLATION REVEAL Finally the exhibit opened and the column was open to be viewed to the public, both here at Washington State University, and then again at the Spokane mall in another exhibit.

Washington State University

School Design + Construction

Professor Mary Polites

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

25

SPONSORS AND SPECIAL THANKS We would like to take a moment to thank all our sponsors to our efforts as well as all who make this construction possible for us.

SPECIAL THANKS ALSO TO...

WLT CREATIVE Photography Credit WSU CMEC Wheat Board Fabrication INLAND LIGHTING Lighting Fixture Donation MODERN MILLWORK MDF Donation POMEROY FAIRGROUND Wheat Straw Donation NVSD WOODWORKING Donated Shop Time AIA SPOKANE Spokane Mall Exhibit WELLER FELLOWSHIP Donation of Research Funds

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Washington State University

School Design + Construction

Professor Mary Polites

Kevin Will Emily Jannita Irene Nandita Fernando Ashley Vigen Ashley Kopetzky Piya Cody Alex Dane Gerardo David Nathan Carrie Erick

Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang