T A E H
W
N O I RS
O T IN
Washington State University
School Design + Construction
Professor Mary Polites
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
TABLE OF CONTENTS
+ BEGINNING MODELING + EXPLORING RIGIDITY + EXPLORING POPULATION + FABRICATION TECHNIQUES +GLOBAL POPULATION +STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS +GLOBAL POPULATION REFINEMENT +LIGHT STUDY +COMMUNITY TIES +MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT +CONSTRUCTION PHASE +ENDING DISCOVERIES +INSTALLATION REVEAL +SPONSORS AND SPECIAL THANKS
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Washington State University
School Design + Construction
Professor Mary Polites
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 19 20 22 24 25 26
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
INTRODUCTION PROJECT CONCEPT Wheat Intorsion from the beginning was focused heavily on finding rigidity of the component itself. The process itself started with paper modeling of form finding. When we think about rigidity of a folded piece of paper, its rigidity is weaker in the horizontal direction. However, when the piece of paper is stood on edge in the vertical direction, it then becomes rigid and strong. This form finding concept was then applied into creating the end result of this column structure. GEOMETRIC CONCEPT From the initial form finding process, it then became a process of identifying simple fabrication techniques that could give us an end result of this vertical rigidity. This idea started with the development of being able to create a contour that could have a continuous curvature to it while it expanded in elevation. Growing on that idea we realized that since the focus was this aim of vertical rigidity, the realization then became that the contour itself could also be cut in the vertical direction, creating a torsion effect on the vertical members. Structural analysis showed that the fabrication technique of such a vertical strip orientation rotating in torsion at a 15° angle would create a more structural member. When the strips are placed in torsion, they are covering a greater distance in the x and y plane, making the vertical rails cover more of a distance than if they had just been oriented with no twist. The end result is that the column is much more structural when placed in compression because of this factor of twisting torsion pressure. Final computer structural analysis proved this torsion ratio was more structurally sound than a standard 4”x 4” column. MATERIAL CONCEPT Moving to full scale fabrication of the column, it was decided to use the local material of the Palouse, wheat straw as a way to tie the end result of the column structure back to the community that helped us complete this installation. With this local material, we made further ties back to the local community by engraving “Welcome to the Palouse” in 75 different languages. Washington State University
School Design + Construction
Professor Mary Polites
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
3
BEGINNING MODELING Beginning exploration with the model was focused to create a component that could use both rectilinear and curvilinear folds to form a rigid surface. This process proved to be inclusive and a great failure in beginning exploration as its weakness in its complex connection proved to be much of a burden for the component itself.
LARGE SURFACE EXPLORATION
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Washington State University
SINGLE GRID EXPLORATION
School Design + Construction
SINGLE GRID EXPLORATION_2
Professor Mary Polites
SINGLE GRID EXPLORATION_3
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
SINGLE GRID EXPLORATION_4
FIGURE 5-1
FIGURE 5-2
FIGURE 4-1
RESULTS FROM USING A THICKER MATERIAL (WATER COLOR PAPER) AND A LARGER SCALE TO EXPLORE CONECTIONS
BREAKING DOWN COMPONENT INTO ONE SINGLE REPEATING COMPONENT
LOOKING AT COMPRESSION POINTS THAT SUCCEEDED FOR ISPERATION
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FALL 2011
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AUSTIN.D.MILES
FIGURE 5-3
POINTS OF COMPRESSION POINT OF FAILURE
FIGURE 3-1 | Cut Paths and Fold lines
ARCH 491
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3 FALL 2011
ARCH 491 |
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FALL 2011
AUSTIN.D.MILES
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AUSTIN.D.MILES
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4
FIGURE 4-2
BEGINNING MODEL ASSEMBLY
Washington State University
POPULATING TECHNIQUES
School Design + Construction
POPULATING TECHNIQUES
Professor Mary Polites
CONNECTION TECHNIQUES
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
5
EXPLORING RIGIDITY Moving forward, the aim was to still find rigidity. Looking at any sheet material, when placed in the horizontal direction it is not rigid, but when folded into the vertical direction, it becomes quit rigid. With this exploration, model making continued to form a component that fit into these aims. HORIZONTAL RIGIDITY INTO VERTICAL RIGIDITY
VERTICAL RIGIDITY
6
Washington State University
School Design + Construction
EXPANDING DIMENSION OF VERTICAL RIGIDITY
Professor Mary Polites
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
POPULATING COMPONENT
COMPONENT ASSEMBLY
Washington State University
School Design + Construction
Professor Mary Polites
FORCES IN THE VERTICAL DIRECTION ARE MUCH STRONGER THAN THE HORIZONTAL DIRECTION
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
7
EXPLORING POPULATION
POPULATING COMPONENT WITH HORIZONTAL RIGIDITY
Looking at connection possibility, it was demonstrated first that simply stacking the component in the vertical or Z axis worked quite well, but the was a desire to explore a more complex edge connection that would allow the component to create an arch form to create an inhabitable structure. The edge connections that where attempted through this exploration however, ignored the components great vertical rigidity, making it an obvious decision to then continue to move forward with populating the component into the vertical direction. POPULATING COMPONENT WITH VERTICAL RIGIDITY
CONCEPTUALIZING DISADVANTAGES OF HORIZONTAL RIGIDITY
8
Washington State University
CONCEPTUALIZING ADVANTAGES OF VERTICAL RIGIDITY
School Design + Construction
Professor Mary Polites
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
12 Feet
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8 Feet
FIRST ATTEMPT AT A GLOBAL POPULATION
AUS
Washington State University
School Design + Construction
Professor Mary Polites
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
9
FABRICATION TECHNIQUES Now that the component was going to be populated in the vertical direction, focus then moved toward determining a fabrication technique. The idea cutting contours through the model was the first idea. Doing so would allow light to refract out from the structure as well as giving it a less dense structure. Soon it was realized that cutting the contours in the vertical direction instead of the traditional horizontal fashion, would also increase the components unique element of the vertical rigidity while also accentuating its 15 degree twist.
APPLYING A HORIZONTAL CONTOUR CUT
APPLYING A VERTICAL CONTOUR CUT
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Washington State University
School Design + Construction
Professor Mary Polites
APPLYING A HORIZONTAL CONTOUR CUT
APPLYING A VERTICAL CONTOUR CUT
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
VERTICAL RAIL NO TORSION TWIST
ABSTRACTED COLUMN GEOMETRY
Washington State University
School Design + Construction
VERTICAL RAIL 15 DEGREE TORSION TWIST
COLUMN GEOMETRY ABSTRACTING CONTOUR CURVATURE
Professor Mary Polites
VERTICAL TORSION TWIST SUPPORTING LARGER ARE IN COMPRESSION
COLUMN COMPONENT DIVISION AND VERTICAL RAIL ASSEMBLY
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
11
GLOBAL POPULATION From the analysis of fabrication techniques, we then reached a point to which we could create a global population that resulted in a column structure. 2 FEET
9 FEET 2 FEET
DIMENSIONING THE GLOBAL POPULATION
1 FOOT
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Washington State University
School Design + Construction
Professor Mary Polites
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
Washington State University
School Design + Construction
Professor Mary Polites
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
13
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS With the global population creating a column structure, there was a definite intent to then analyze its structural capabilities of the column. Our range of testing was limited as testing ranged from digital modeling capabilities, to scaled model testing, and full scaled model testing. The end result of analysis was that the column structure could support more than a 4”x4” fir column showing us that it does have structural potential.
COLUMN GEOMETRY LESS STRONG WITH NO TORSION FORCE
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Washington State University
LOADING SCALED MODEL
COMPONENT GAINS STRENGTH WITH A TORSION FORCE
COLUMN GEOMETRY UNDER FREQUENCY TEST FOR EARTHQUAKE FORCES
School Design + Construction
Professor Mary Polites
LOADING FULL SCALE MODEL
PLAN VIEW OF TORSION FORCE
FORCE TEST OF GLOBAL POPULATION
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
LOADING COMPONENT WITH GREATER FORCE
Washington State University
LOADING COMPONENT WITH GREATER FORCE
School Design + Construction
FINDING COMPONENT POINT OF FAILURE
LOADING COMPONENT WITH GREATER FORCE
Professor Mary Polites
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
15
GLOBAL POPULATION REFINEMENT
0.13
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NAME
DRAWN
APPV'D
DETAIL C SCALE 1 : 1
FINISH:
Professor Mary Polites
DETAIL G SCALE 2 : 5
0.25
0.50
School Design + Construction
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: LINEAR: ANGULAR:
CHK'D
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SIGNATURE
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FINISH:
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UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: LINEAR: ANGULAR:
0.25
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SCALE 2:5 Washington State University 75
1.52
15° R45.75
1.52 0.50
DETAIL G SCALE 2 : 5 TOP AND BOTTOM CORD DADO DETAIL DETAIL C SCALE 2 : 5
SECTION F-F
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH:
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Moving toward the global assembly, there was some refinement to the fabrication of each component. To add strength to the vertical contour rails, we changed the connection to a simple dado connection that would CNC into the top and bottom chords of the component. This also eliminated the fabrication time and cost of a face connection using screws. At this point we also changed the width dimensions of the column as the structural analysis proved to the column would be large enough with an overall diameter of 18 inches, verses A the initial 24 inches.
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
DETAIL A SCALE 1 : 2
Washington State University
School Design + Construction
Professor Mary Polites
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
17
LIGHT STUDY Now that the design was finalized, the idea of illuminating the column from the interior was implemented to greaten the view of the lightness of the structure and to analyze the effect that shadows would have on the structure.
ORIGINAL COMPONENT ILLUMINATED
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Washington State University
ORIGINAL COMPONENT RADIATING SHADOWS
School Design + Construction
Professor Mary Polites
FINAL COMPONENT SHADOWS
FINAL COMPONENT SHADOWS
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
COMUNITY TIES
WELCOME TO THE PALOUSE
• • • • •
CMEC Inland Lighting Modern Millwork NVSD Woodworking Pomeroy Fairgrounds
our Sponsors
Special Thank You to our Sponsors
WELCOME TO THE PALOUSE
As an effort to tie the final installation of the component back to the community it was and idea to display “Welcome to the Palouse” in several different languages on each vertical rail of the column structure with a key for visitors to find their own language. The total number of languages that we ended up with was 76.
telugu (Telugu)
Український (Ukrainian)
ภาษาไทย (Thai)
( ودراUrdu)
Türk (Turkish)
Việt (Vietnamese) Cymraeg (Welsh)
( یسرافPersian)
român (Romanian)
slovenský (Slovak)
katikati (Swahili)
polski (Polish)
русский (Russian)
slovenščina (Slovenian)
Svenska (Swedish)
português (Portuguese)
српски (Serbian)
Soomaali (Somali)
தமிழ் (Tamil)
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ (Punjabi)
español (Spanish)
khmer (Khmer) 한국의(Korean) ສປປລາວ (Lao)
Latine (Latin) telugu (Telugu) ภาษาไทย (Thai) Türk (Turkish)
kreyòl ayisyen (Haitian Creole)
Melayu (Malay)
मराठी (Marathi)
Latvijas (Latvian)
Malti (Maltese)
Монгол улсын (Mongolian)
Lietuvos (Lithuanian)
Maori (Maori)
नेपाली (Nepali)
Український (Ukrainian) ( ودراUrdu)
norsk (Norwegian)
македонски (Macedonian)
Việt (Vietnamese)
Hmoob (Hmong)
Cymraeg (Welsh)
Igbo (Igbo)
日本の (Japanese)
Hausa (Hausa)
magyar (Hungarian) ( یسرافPersian) român (Romanian) Indonesia (Indonesian) slovenský (Slovak)
( תירבעHebrew)
polski (Polish) Icelandic (Icelandic) русский (Russian) Gaeilge (Irish)slovenščina (Slovenian)ಕನ್ನಡ (Kannada) Svenska (Swedish)
हिंदी (Hindi)
português (Portuguese)
српски (Serbian)
Soomaali (Somali) italiano (Italian)
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ (Punjabi)
čeština (Czech) dansk (Danish) Nederlands (Dutch)
한국의(Korean) ສປປລາວ (Lao)
தமிழ் (Tamil)
español (Spanish)
English (English) khmer (Khmer)
Javanese katikati (Javanese) (Swahili)
suomalainen (Finnish)
Latine (Latin)
Georgian (Georgian)
Melayu (Malay)
मराठी (Marathi)
Esperanto (Esperanto)
français (French)
Deutsch (German)
eesti (Estonian)
Galego (Galician)
ελληνικά (Greek)
Pilipino (Filipino)
Latvijas (Latvian)
Malti (Maltese)
Lietuvos (Lithuanian)
Монгол улсын (Mongolian)
Maori (Maori)
नेपाली (Nepali)
ગુજરાતી (Gujarati)
norsk (Norwegian)
македонски (Macedonian)
Afrikaans (Afrikaans)kreyòl ayisyen (Haitian Azərbaycan Creole)(Azerbaijani) Hmoob (Hmong)
বাঙ্গালী (Bengali) Igbo (Igbo)
Cebuano 日本の (Cebuano) (Japanese)
shqiptar (Albanian) Hausa (Hausa) Euskal (Basque) magyar (Hungarian)bosanski (Bosnian) Indonesia (Indonesian) 中国的 (Chinese) Javanese (Javanese) ( ةيبرعلاArabic)
( תירבעHebrew) Беларускі (Belarusian) Icelandic (Icelandic) български (Bulgarian) Gaeilge (Irish)
հայերեն (Armenian) हिंदी (Hindi)
Washington State University
ಕನ್ನಡ (Kannada) hrvatski (Croatian)
italiano (Italian) Català (Catalan)
čeština (Czech)
English (English)
suomalainen (Finnish)
Georgian (Georgian)
dansk (Danish)
Esperanto (Esperanto)
français (French)
Deutsch (German)
Nederlands (Dutch)
eesti (Estonian)
Galego (Galician)
School Design + Construction
Professor Mary Polites
Pilipino (Filipino)
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang ελληνικά (Greek) ગુજરાતી (Gujarati)
19
MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT As to further tie back to the community we wanted to fabricate the column out of a locally based material. For this we where able to fabricate the material ourselves out of the material wheat board. This process went from picking up the wheat straw bales, to the final pressing of each board.
SEPARATING WHEAT STRAW BALES
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CHIPPING WHEAT STRAW IN HAMMER MILL
Washington State University
School Design + Construction
FINAL WHEAT STRAW FIBERS
Professor Mary Polites
APPLYING RESIN TO WHEAT FIBERS
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
SPREADING WHEAT FIBERS IN PANEL FORM
Washington State University
PRE - PRESSED WHEAT BOARD PANEL
School Design + Construction
Professor Mary Polites
FINAL WHEAT BOARD PANEL
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
21
CONSTRUCTION PHASE Now that our material had been fabricated, we began final fabrication of the global population. Due to height restrictions we where limited to a six foot height limit. Final construction included using the CNC to route out all the dado cuts for the vertical rails. The laser cutter was used to cut and etch in the languages on each rail. Finally the column was assembled and glued together.
ROUTING IN THE DADO CUTS
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Washington State University
School Design + Construction
CUTTING THE VERTICAL RAILS
Professor Mary Polites
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
FINAL SANDING
SOLDERING LIGHTING ELEMENTS
Washington State University
School Design + Construction
SOLDERING LIGHTING ELEMENTS
Professor Mary Polites
GLUING COMPONENTS TOGETHER
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
FINAL GLOBAL POPULATION
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ENDING DISCOVERIES As we approached the end of our exploration, we realized the organic nature that the columns interior produced. In plan view, the column produced a phyllotaxis condition which as a spiraling arrangement of leaves in some plants. This characteristic obeys as number of subtle mathematical relationships that can inherently be seen in the column. We where unaware of this factor until final construction was complete (555,212,2457)
(555,212,2457)
(248,34,2457)
(529,152,2152)
(378,521,2457)
(186,59,2152)
(440,64,1524) (437,496,2152)
(248,34,2457)
(76,348,2457)
(529,152,2152)
(94,404,2152) (136,97,1828)
(378,521,2457)
(136,453,1828) (95,153,1524)
(186,59,2152)
(440,64,1524) (187,498,1524)
(437,496,2152)
(76,348,2457) (73,209,1219)
(248,521,1219) (249,34,609)
(73,209,1219)
(377,34,1219) (72,343,609) (313,26,914) (97,404,304)
(492,99,0)
(136,452,0)
(94,404,2152) (136,97,1828)
(492,99,0) (189,59,304)
(144,97,-0.00)
(136,453,1828) (95,153,1524)
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Washington State University
School Design + Construction
(187,498,1524)
Professor Mary Polites (73,209,1219) (248,521,1219)
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
24
INSTALLATION REVEAL Finally the exhibit opened and the column was open to be viewed to the public, both here at Washington State University, and then again at the Spokane mall in another exhibit.
Washington State University
School Design + Construction
Professor Mary Polites
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang
25
SPONSORS AND SPECIAL THANKS We would like to take a moment to thank all our sponsors to our efforts as well as all who make this construction possible for us.
SPECIAL THANKS ALSO TO...
WLT CREATIVE Photography Credit WSU CMEC Wheat Board Fabrication INLAND LIGHTING Lighting Fixture Donation MODERN MILLWORK MDF Donation POMEROY FAIRGROUND Wheat Straw Donation NVSD WOODWORKING Donated Shop Time AIA SPOKANE Spokane Mall Exhibit WELLER FELLOWSHIP Donation of Research Funds
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Washington State University
School Design + Construction
Professor Mary Polites
Kevin Will Emily Jannita Irene Nandita Fernando Ashley Vigen Ashley Kopetzky Piya Cody Alex Dane Gerardo David Nathan Carrie Erick
Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang