African Mining News - Orion Minerals (Issue 11) by Aveng Media

M I N I NG NEWS

ISSUE 11

FO U R S TR A T E G I E S How to enhance SME participation in Angolan oil & gas sector

PROJECTS

New insights from latest WOM E N I N M I NI NG report

AND PEOPLE

UNPRECEDENTED GROWTH Clean energy driving demand for critical minerals

O R I O N MI N ER A LS IN SO UTH AFRI CA

Why Africa is ideally suited to take advantage of

New mine developments and new opportunities for local communities

green hydrogen

RSA R45.00

africanminingnews.co.za UPCOMING EVENTS

COMPANY PROFILES

WHO'S ON THE COVER?

DOING BUSINESS WITH MASIMO CHEMICALS EXPERTISE Masimo Chemicals South Africa (Pty) Ltd. And Masimo Chemicals Logistics (Pty) Ltd. (Masimo) are South African based companies involved with the supply of diluents and solvents to the mining sector in the Sub Saharan Africa region.

Furthermore, Masimo has recently obtained additional bulk storage facilities where buffer stock is always held to cater for initial fills or stock outs.

Masimo has developed extensive experience and knowledge of the mining sector and its supply chain as it has been servicing this market with diluents for many years.

E X P E R I E N C E D S TA F F Masimo’s staff compliment includes individuals who have in-depth knowledge of its product, applications and known Health, Safety and Environmental issues. Staff are experienced and trained to identify and meet customer needs.

Masimo’s knowledge and experience of this market has made the company a preferred route to market for various leading global manufacturers, such as Shell, with access to local and global supply of mining solvents. PRODUCT & QUALITY Masimo diluent portfolio includes the following diluents for solvent extraction of Copper, Cobalt, Uranium, Zinc and Nickel. MasimoSol G80 has also been recently developed for solvent extraction. Masimo offers high performing diluents that have been specifically designed for the Solvent Extraction (SX) process of Copper, Cobalt, Uranium, Zinc and Nickel. Masimo’s diluents are consistently produced to specification and meets the International Specification for SX.

Masimo’s Director, a former Mining Manager and Business Development Manager of Shell Chemicals South Africa, has been involved in the supply of Shell diluents to the Sub Saharan Region for more than 25 years. Masimo’s Operations Manager, previously employed in the logistics sector, has developed strong relationships with many of the Logistics service providers who service the region.

TECHNICAL BENEFITS OF MASIMO’S DILUENTS

TECHNICAL SUPPORT Masimo has access to its principals’ R & D facilities and it also has access to technical experts to deal with issues from its mining customers eg. Analytical testing and problem solving.

Masimo’s diluents are narrow cuts of paraffins and non aromatics. The properties of these solvents are ideally suited for SX as they have the following characteristics:

Masimo employees have extensive experience in SX and will be the first line of contact to assist with technical issues. Furthermore, Masimo has the capabilities of providing technical, product information and training for its customers.

• Narrow boiling range • High flashpoint and high auto- ignition temperature • Excellent extraction kinetics, selectivity, and copper loading • Optimal aromatic content for excellent process efficiency • Low phase disengagement times • Excellent solubility for solvent extraction additives • Low evaporation rates • Minimal entrainment losses • Low viscosity, low pour and freeze points • Good chemical resistance and polymer compatibility

S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY Masimo has access to local and global manufacturers of mining solvents. This global supply chain ensures that Masimo is always able to offer multiple grades which provides continuity of supply.

Masimo chemicals mining diluents

MASIMO CHEMICALS MINING DILUENTS Parameter

Units

Appearance

Masimosol G80 Clear & Bright

Density @20 Deg

kg/l

0.764

Distallation Range

Deg C

200 - 260

Flash Point (min)

Deg C

Aromatics

% Vol

0,1

Vapour Pressure @20Deg C

kPa

<0.01

Viscosity @25 Deg C

Cst

2,4

MASIMOSOL G80 VS TRADITIONAL DILUENTS PE ER R FFO ORRM MAANNCCE E& &C O CS OTS T S ASVA I NVGI N G BE B EN NEEFFI ITTSS • The MasimoSol G80 diluent has been approved by both • TheExtractant MasimoSol G80 diluent has been approved by both key suppliers key Extractant • Low viscosity suppliers at high flash point - safer, better performance •• Low at high flash - safer, less better performance Low viscosity vapour pressure - Lesspoint emissions, evaporation • Low vapour pressure - Less emissions, less evaporation losses losses • High Cu loads, Good Cu/Fe selectivity, good stripping • High Cu loads, Good Cu/Fe selectivity, good stripping performance •performance Short phase disengagement times •• Short phase disengagement times Improved PDTs •• More Improved PDTs volume as a result of lower density, thereby leading to • Moreproduction volume ascosts a result of lower density, thereby leading to lower lower production costs E N V I R O N M E N TA L B E N E F I T S N V I Rbiodegradability O N M E N TA L B E N E F I T S •EBetter • Lower ecotoxicity •• Better Lower biodegradability photochemical reactivity - less O3 formed, less •impact Loweron ecotoxicity environment and human health. •• Lower photochemical reactivity - less O3MIR formed, less Very low Ozone creation potentials with values impactthan on environment lower 1g Ozone/g and human health. •• Very Ozone creation with MIR Lowerlow evaporation rate - potentials less emissions, values lower than 1g Ozone/g lower evaporation losses. • Lower evaporation rate - less emissions, lower evaporation losses.

H EA ALLTTHH &&S A S FAEFTEYT Y HE B EB NE EN F IETFSI T S • Low odour - Low odour due to low aromatic and naphthenic content • Low odour - Low odour due to low aromatic and naphthenic •content Non VOC - The product is non VOC, more healthy to work with harmful the environment • Nonless VOC - The to product is non VOC, more healthy to work with less harmful to the environment QUALITY BENEFITS U A Lpurity I T Y paraffin B E N Ewith F I Tvery S low impurities e.g. Sulphur, •QHigh olefins and polycyclic aromatics. •• High purityGas paraffin with very low impurities Sulphur, Syntheticto liquids technology deliverse.g. a more stable, olefins and polycyclic synthetic product with aromatics. consistent composition. SyntheticGasolefins, to liquids technology delivers a morestability, stable, •• No aromatics, unsaturates - good oxidative synthetic with consistent composition. low odour,product non toxic • No aromatics, olefins, unsaturates - good oxidative stability, low odour, non toxic

WORKING SMARTER, NOT HARDER Loesche's engineered software solution was developed by keeping in mind the most pressing concerns and obstacles its customers face daily Loesche GmbH has been the market leader in vertical roller mill technology since 1906 and is synonymous with quality, service and solution engineering. It is a well-known fact that the only constant in the global plant environment is change, and Loesche recognised the challenges in the field with skills shortages, fast evolving technology and remote working, to name only a few.

optimally—with predictive maintenance and reliability as constants—can be drastically reduced. This 'ideal state' can be achieved without spending a fortune on personnel training, and it can reach maturity traditionally only found after extended experience and cost, mostly measured in years instead of months.

Loesche believes in working smarter and not harder, and its engineered software solution was developed by keeping in mind the most pressing concerns and obstacles its customers face daily. Through the company’s business unit, Loesche Automation—the integrator of state-of-the-art machine technology and intelligent process control—it is able to combine cuttingedge machine technology and intelligent process control for optimum and efficient plant operation.

Working in collaboration with experienced engineers and specialists in the field, Loesche developed the software solutions in order to address all concerns obtained from its customer feedback. Some examples of these concerns are: • High licensing fees; • Software is complicated; • No after-sales support; • Training is time-consuming and expensive; and • All-inclusive software solutions from original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are hard to find and not inclusive of all brands.

The company also realised that the inherited 'fear of the unknown' that people from all walks of life experience can be eliminated by removing the 'unknown'. By utilising self-learning artificial intelligence, the time and effort required to reach a state where a mill performs

Loesche prides itself on the fact that the company provides a non-vendor specific solution by taking digital measurements and control signals already installed in your plant to its software, which then uses non-intrusive big data processing algorithms and AI to not only give

F O R M ORE IN F ORMATION , CON TA CT: Janie Scholtz jscholtz@loeschesa.co.za www.loesche.com

LOESCHE RECOGNISED THE CHALLENGES IN THE FIELD WITH SKILLS SHORTAGES, FAST EVOLVING TECHNOLOGY AND REMOTE WORKING learning algorithms. The Plant Pilot continuously monitors and optimises the entire range of information from different data silos: process control system, laboratory values, additional optical or vibration sensors, environmental data such as weather conditions, and electricity prices. Digitising your process gives you full control over reliability, safety as well as significant savings. Real-time installation has proven 23% increase in sales value of production; 27% increase in equipment utilisation; and 18% production cost reduction.

all the predictive maintenance features expected with automated systems, but also to increase output, optimise your process and prolong the lifetime of your equipment, while significantly reducing energy consumption and emissions. The Loesche digital software solution consists of three packages that can assist any plant to become fully digital-ready for the future, as part of Industry 4.0, or it can have huge impacts as individual solutions addressing specific shortfalls and/ or capitalise on easy cost-saving software. These digital packages include the following: The Plant Pilot, powered by aixprocess, is the innovative digital real-time optimiser with state-ofthe-art statistical and machine

CMS powered by DALOG is a combined machine surveillance software and enables permanent machine monitoring and prediction of mechanical failures and their consequences. A clear dashboard provides you with a plant-wide overview of the opening states of all monitored machines. Hardware failures cause 45% of total unplanned maintenance. This is reduced by more than 35% after DALOG machine surveillance software has been installed. Asset Manager powered by KINGSBLUE enables OEMindependent data preparation based on your operator documentation. You get a fast and clear representation of your drawings and linked parts lists. The Asset Manager enables a potential analysis for the reduction of spare parts stocks by means of an SSR (same-similarreduction) analysis. Interfaces allow you to fully intergrade your spare parts procurement process into your existing enterprise resource

planning system such as SAP, IBM or Sage. Parts and documentation research add up to 200 hours per year. Installing the right software with the average search effort is reduced by 90% after installation of the KINGSBLUE software solution. We are living in exciting times, and currently Loesche is working on a large project with a well-known (and the largest) conglomerate in West Africa to roll out Loesche's digital solution to more than 140 mills. The fist phase off this project kicked off in Q4 of 2022 and it is planned to be completed by Q3 2024.

CONTENTS ISSUE #11

14 ON THE COVER PROJECTS AND PEOPLE Orion Minerals is an Australian-registered junior mining company that is dual-listed on the Australian Stock Exchange and the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, with a focus in South Africa since 2017. The company has been acquiring mineral rights in the Northern Cape, and is currently moving into its first mine construction programme at Prieska Copper Zinc Mine.

REGULARS 10 FROM THE EDITOR

Bright and promising future

12 EVENTS

Conferences and meetings for the African mining industry

AFRICAN MININ G N EWS

I S S UE 11

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CONTENTS

ISSUE #11

FEATURES 22 ESG

Tackling ESG greenwashing: what can South Africa learn from countries abroad?

26 IN FOCUS

The Victoria Falls Stock Exchange: A pathway to success for junior mining companies in Zimbabwe

28 SUSTAINABILITY

JX Metals and BHP's new partnership aims to support the continued development of a responsible copper supply chain

36 JUNIOR MINING

Unlocking the potential of the junior mining sector in South Africa

42 SAFETY

10 tips to help increase the safety of workers in your mining facility

46 CRITICAL MINERALS

Critical minerals market sees unprecedented growth as clean energy demand drives strong increase in investment

52 GREEN HYDROGEN

Africa is ideally suited to take advantage of renewable energy, particularly in the area of green hydrogen

58 WOMEN

If mining is to attract the next generation of leaders, we need to have diverse people—particularly women—at the top

AFRICAN MINING N EWS

I S S UE 11

More than OEM – Loesche your Digitalisation partner.

Visualisation, prediction, optimisation with fully integrated AI for your process. Every company must make strategic decisions about the benefits it wishes to achieve, its priorities, and the sequence in which Industry 4.0 measures will be implemented. The goal is to produce a step-bystep roadmap that will reduce investment and implementation risks. AI Software will enable any person, to optamally run A Vertical roller mill, saving energy and increase production.

LOESCHE WILL ASSIT EVERY STEP OF THE PROCESS. OUR MILLS GRIND ALL TYPES OF MINERALS. CO NT AC T : Loesche South Africa (Pty) Ltd Loesche @loeschegroup Loesche SA

D I GI T AL SALES MANAG ER: Janie Scholtz jscholtz@loeschesa.co.za www.loesche.com

CONTENTS

ISSUE #11

64 BASE METALS

Climate change action could set off a copper mining boom: how Zambia can make the most of it

68 OIL & GAS

Four strategies for enhancing participation of small and medium enterprises in the Angolan oil and gas sector

72 SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

The Wits Sibanye-Stillwater Innovation Bridge represents an enduring investment in human capital and future engineering skills

82 INTERNATIONAL

A huge phosphate discovery in Norway could fully charge the electric vehicle industry

88 REGULATORY

The South African Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act Review Summit aimed to address the potential and current regulatory challenges, while imploring best practices and initiatives

92 HUMAN RIGHTS

Efforts to eliminate child labour in cobalt supply chains need to address root causes—or risk further jeopardising children’s safety and well-being

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I S S UE 11

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f r o m the editor

BRIGHT AND PROMISING FUTURE

MINING NEWS ISSUE 11

outh Africa has a rich history of mining, with its mineral wealth playing a pivotal AND PEOPLE role in the country's economy. However, the industry faces significant challenges, ranging from illegal mining to violence and social unrest. But, despite these challenges, there's a positive message about the industry. The South African mining industry is a testament to human ingenuity and resourcefulness. With its rich mineral wealth, diverse geological landscape, and skilled workforce, the sector continues to play a pivotal role in both the nation's economy and the global resource market. In recent years, significant strides have been made to enhance safety standards and environmental practices. These efforts have not only improved the well-being of mining employees but have also positioned South Africa as a responsible and sustainable mining hub. The mining industry has also been at the forefront of technological advancements, embracing automation, data analytics and innovative mining practices. These developments have increased efficiency and productivity and reduced the environmental footprint of operations. Moreover, the mining sector remains a source of employment and economic opportunity for many communities across the country. It has the potential to foster economic growth, promote skills development, and contribute to the welfare of local communities through corporate social responsibility initiatives. As South Africa continues to address the challenges and opportunities within its mining sector, there is every reason to believe in a bright and promising future.

FOUR STRATEGIES How to enhance SME participation in Angolan oil & gas sector

PROJECTS

New insights from latest WOMEN IN MINING report

UNPRECEDENTED GROWTH

ORION MINERALS IN SOUTH

Clean energy driving demand for critical minerals

AFRICA

New mine developments and new opportunities for local communities

Why Africa is ideally suited to take advantage of

green hydrogen

RSA R45.00

africanminingnews.co.za

UPCOMING EVENTS

COMPANY PROFILES

AFRICAN MINI N G N EWS

I S S UE 11

TEAM

mining news

PUBLISHER: Donovan Abrahams EDITOR: Ashley van Schalkwyk (ashley@avengmedia.co.za) CHIEF SUB-EDITOR: Tania Griffin DESIGN: Kauthar Renamé

WHO'S ON THE COVER?

ashley@avengmedia.co.za

THE

EDITORIAL SOURCES: TheConversation.com, NSDV, International Energy Agency, NJ Ayuk, African Energy Chamber, TMI2001, IMPACT, White & Case IMAGES: Adobe Stock, Unsplash, Freepik PROJECT MANAGER: Viwe Ncapai ADVERTISING EXECUTIVES: Viwe Ncapai, Lunga Ziwele, Charlton Peters, Andre Evans, Mpumzi Njovana, Denver Chidazembe ONLINE CO-ORDINATORS: Majdah Rogers, Ashley van Schalkwyk, Tharwuah Slemang IT & SOCIAL MEDIA: Tharwuah Slemang ACCOUNTS: Benita Abrahams, Bianca Alfos HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGER: Colin Samuels CLIENT LIAISON: Majdah Rogers PRINTER: Novus Print DISTRIBUTION: www.africanminingnews.co.za, www.issuu.com DIRECTORS: Donovan Abrahams, Colin Samuels PUBLISHED BY: Aveng Media

Boland Bank Building, 5th Floor 18 Lower Burg Street Cape Town, 8000

Tel: 021 418 3090 Fax: 021 418 3064 Email: ashley@avengmedia.co.za Website: www.avengmedia.co.za

DISCLAIMER: © 2023 African Mining News magazine is published by Aveng Media (Pty) Ltd. The Publisher and Editor are not responsible for any unsolicited material. All information correct at time of print.

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events

MEET UP Rub shoulders and conduct business with high-flIers in the African mining industry 17 TO 19 OCTOBER CRITICAL MINERALS AFRICA

Cape Town International Convention Centre, South Africa

AFRICAN ENERGY WEEK

criticalmineralsafrica.com

16 TO 20 OCTOBER Cape Town International Convention Centre, South Africa aecweek.com

African Energy Week is the African Energy Chamber’s annual event, uniting African energy leaders, global investors and executives from across the public and private sector for four days of intense dialogue on the future of the African energy industry. It is an interactive conference, exhibition and networking event.

The first Critical Minerals Africa will unite governments from all corners of the African continent; international presidential and ministerial delegations; provincial governments, global finance, and mining, manufacturing and technology firms. The summit will advance the goal of establishing world-class minerals value chains in Africa.

6TH YOUNG PROFESSIONALS CONFERENCE

NEXT GENERATION TAILINGS—OPPORTUNITY OR RISK?

24 & 25 OCTOBER Emperors Palace, Johannesburg, South Africa www.saimm.co.za

This conference will focus on the future of tailings for the next generation. In a future of new standards, expectations and possibilities, what opportunities exist? And on the flip side, what are the residual risks? How can tailings be reduced, reclaimed or reused? How can existing technologies be improved, and new technologies become the new normal? What impacts, once considered acceptable, are no longer accepted, and how do we best address these?

16 & 17 NOVEMBER Hatch Africa, Greenstone Hill, Johannesburg, South Africa

DECARBONISATION OF THE MINERALS INDUSTRY—COLLOQUIUM 2023

www.saimm.co.za

15 NOVEMBER 54 on Bath, Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa www.saimm.co.za

This colloquium, on the South African Carbon Tax, will provide an understanding of our own unique situation in the country, compared to in the context of the global mining industry. It will host presentations from universities, research institutes, development banks and renewable energy supply companies.

AFRICAN MINI N G N EWS

“Empowering Young Professionals for Sustainable and Innovative Mining and Processing Practices”, this conference promises to be an engaging and informative event that will explore the latest trends, ideas and innovations in the minerals industry. It will offer young professionals the opportunity to network with peers and industry experts, establish professional relationships, and collaborate on future projects.

I S S UE 11

M I N E H E A LT H A N D S A F E T Y CONFERENCE 2023

28 NOVEMBER Online, via Zoom

www.saimm.co.za The conference is centred on improving safety, health and environmental practices within the mining and metallurgical industry. It seeks to create a platform for knowledge-sharing and idea exchange among various stakeholders including mining companies, the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy, Minerals Council South Africa, labour unions, and health and safety practitioners at all levels within the industry.

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cover profile

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I S S UE 11

PROJECTS AND PEOPLE Orion Minerals is all about new mine development in South Africa and providing for local communities

rion Minerals is an Australian-registered junior mining company that is dual-listed on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) and the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), with a focus in South Africa since 2017. The mining company has been acquiring mineral rights in the Northern Cape, doing a number of feasibility studies, and progressing mining right applications. It is currently moving into its first mine construction programme at Prieska Copper Zinc Mine. Errol Smart is the CEO of Orion Minerals, with a background in exploration geology that has stood him in good stead at companies such as Anglo American and a junior mining company called Cluff Mining. “In the junior mining world, you quickly become what is known as a generalist,” he says. “Although my principal role was a geologist, within two years I’d learnt everything I needed to know about mining engineering, engineering, metallurgy,

environmental management, stakeholder engagement. “Everybody has to be a generalist, and have a good understanding of all the professional skills. So I’m still passionate about geology, but I’m equally passionate about metallurgy, mining methods, mining engineering, technology and all the things that go into ESG [environmental, social and governance].”

New frontiers

As CEO, Smart was responsible for acquiring new opportunities for Orion Minerals, “which was essentially a shell of a company in 2012”. These new opportunities were specifically in what has now become known as critical minerals, for example copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt and platinum. At the time he joined Orion, there was a very famous nickel discovery made in the Fraser Range, in Western Australia, called the Nova-Bollinger deposit. Orion

became quite involved in the Fraser Range, becoming one of the biggest mineral rights holders there, Smart says. “We spent three years doing a lot of exploration, and put together some very exciting ground. That’s when we realised in South Africa there was identical geology that nobody was looking at, and nobody was doing any work on it, and that’s what brought us to this country. “We had a review of projects worldwide and we identified the Northern Cape of South Africa as a fantastic geological opportunity for us,” he recalls. “I brought the company to South Africa and built a management team of South Africans—we are completely operated and run by a South African management team. We do not have any foreigners, and that is the strength in working in South Africa: it brings all the opportunities.” Despite there being a skills shortage in South Africa, Orion has still managed to find good quality

ISSUE 11

M I NI NG NEWS AFRICAN

“AT THE MINING LEVEL ITSELF, WE HAVE FULL MINING CHARTER COMPLIANCE.”

engineers and other professionals. “These people are excited about our projects because we’re doing something new, something unique. It is not the same old tired South African mines that we built 50 to 60 years ago and operating with an old operating methods,” says Smart. “Everything we do is very much leaning toward being 4IR [4th Industrial Revolution] enabled. The intention is to be a very modern, very mechanised, very automated, efficient mining operation operating the right machines. “We’re finding a lot of professionals are quite excited to be involved in a project like this, as there are very few opportunities to get involved in a new mine development in South Africa. So, the good professionals are looking for the opportunities to get involved in something like this. They like our company values and strategy, and they like the way we are approaching things—and we are able to accumulate a top-class team of people.”

New technologies Orion Minerals is very much dialled in to the changes brought about by 4IR. All the company's machines being brought in are

AFRICAN MIN I N G N EWS

ultimately enabled to embrace 4IR technology. “We know that as a startup operation, we can’t from day one be completely 4IR and have everything integrated; it is a path that we have to follow. We have a path and a plan to execute, the same as we have a carbonneutral path that we want to execute—but it will take time to get that all done,” notes Smart. “But using modern machines makes it easier. We are very reliant on the digital highway. At the end of the day, data is a major asset, and we need to move it efficiently between the mine site and wherever our people are. When you work for Orion, there's a running joke that 'you’re never completely off'. Even when you’re not on site at the mine, you have to be able to access all the information about what’s happening at the mine. If there’s any challenge, the mine team has to be able to interact with each other and solve the challenge, and the data highway is critical for all of that. Every machine, every bit of equipment has to be digitally monitored, and controlled and measured so that you can get interventions when something isn’t operating efficiently,” he adds. Without new technology, one

I S S UE 11

would not be able to have a profitable mining operation. That is why innovation is so vital in this industry. As Smart explains, “The old South African mines were built for a very labour-intensive, lowmechanical application but, as a result, South Africa has historically had a very poor safety record because we put too many people in harm's way. The reality is that we have to move people out of the harmful mining environment. You want them operating in a safe way, sitting in a cab of a machine with an air-conditioner, safety cages, roll bars, and all of that. The fewer people we put underground, the better.” This will not necessarily mean there will be fewer jobs, he adds. “We’ll create more mines, and more mines will bring more jobs. It will just be that there will be fewer jobs per mine, but we will make more mines viable.” He cites the company's Prieska mine as an example of how new technology has made a difference. There had been a change in dip in the ore body, and it would have required new mining methods and machines that were not yet commonly available in South Africa in order to turn around the situation. Thus, the decision was made to shut down the mine in 1991. Now, with the new technology available, Orion can reopen the mines—and develop them to operate quite profitably.

New opportunities Orion Minerals prides itself on

COVER PROFILE putting people first. That is why it puts much emphasis on broad-based black economic empowerment (BBBEE) and environmental, social and governance (ESG) objectives. Says Smart, “At the mining level itself, we have full Mining Charter compliance. We have a 20% ownership by mining entrepreneurs—it is a consortium of BEE entrepreneurs. Our employees have a 5% shareholding, and our community has a 5% shareholding. But we wanted to go beyond just being Mining Charter compliant.” He explains that when Orion was brought to South Africa, the company was listed only on the ASX. It was then deliberately listed on the JSE so that South Africans could get access to the company's shares and equity. “Since we listed in 2017, 38% of our shareholders are South African; and if I go through our shareholders, there are about 6 500 South Africans. About 70% of these seem to be indigenous and historically disadvantaged South Africans. “People are buying into it, and they have the opportunity to be part of the success and the growth story of Orion. When we visit the communities in Prieska and Okiep, we’ll be approached by school teachers, policemen, petrol station attendants, everybody you can imagine. They will tell you very excitedly that they had a little extra money at the end of the month so they got the bank manager to buy shares for them.” It is clear that Orion has close ties to the communities in which it has operations. “We are working closely with our community. We’ve created stakeholder engagement forums. We are working on training our local community, our host community, so that ultimately we can source most of our employees from our host community. We don’t want to be bringing in people from far away—we’d rather be using local people. But, there is going to be a period of time that it will take to train people up, and

“We’re very happy that the company can be a cornerstone client for them, but we don’t want to be the only client for any supplier. We want the suppliers to have a broader base so that they’re not reliant on one mine, because that is not a healthy situation. To get sustainability for the communities, we need them to broaden their role and not just be reliant on a single mine for their entire revenue stream.” Recently, the company sent 20 people on a training programme to the Murray & Roberts Training Centre in order to get their key competencies upskilled. Orion is also on the point of appointing a mining contractor that will train up another 11 individuals from the local community to become operators.

New prospects

get them the requisite skillset,” comments Smart. But the company is also looking at providing indirect opportunities to work with the community in order to make them part of the mine's supply chain. This will help the community gain a measure of independence, says Smart. “We’ve been talking to them for a long time about what kind of commodities and services we are going to require, and now that we are getting into mine development, we are starting to activate that, and drawing on the community supply chain that can then grow.

According to Smart, Orion Minerals has three projects in the pipeline. The first is at Prieska, where the company is in the process of signing on mining contractors and mobilising to site. The second is in Okiep, where the company has recently completed a bankable feasibility study and applied for a water use licence. “And the third is a very exciting one that may take a little longer: the Jacomynspan nickel, copper, cobalt, platinum, sulphide deposit. It is a huge deposit. There we are developing some very innovative metal vapour refining technology that could completely change the way the ore body will be mined. We are doing a second round of testing now, after a very successful first round, and we are moving toward having a scoping study completed by November/ December. That, we believe, will be able to really demonstrate the value of modern refining beneficiation and approaching mining in a different manner, and a different value chain in the commodities we produce.” For more information, visit orionminerals.com.au

ISSUE 11

M I NI NG NEWS AFRICAN

company profile

CLOSING THE GAP Blacc Engineering Services aims to provide sustainable engineering solutions in mining, minerals, energy and infrastructure across Africa

lacc Engineering Services is a multidisciplinary engineering consulting company that provides professional services to various sectors such as mining, mineral processing, energy, water and sanitation. It is located in South Africa, with an African footprint of projects and engineering studies. The company was founded in 2016 by an experienced team of engineers, project managers, construction managers, environmental scientists and engineering managers with extensive knowledge in delivering projects effectively and efficiently, while adhering to safety and quality. Blacc Engineering Services specialises in project delivery: encompassing design, procurement, construction, project management, commissioning and plant handover. It executes mineral processing projects from greenfield to brownfield for commodities such as gold,

AFRICAN MINI N G N EWS

diamonds, zinc, copper, cobalt, coal, chrome, platinum group metals and hydrocarbons. Its project offering further includes water and wastewater projects, as well as mine closure, demolition and rehabilitation design of hydrocarbon storage and distribution facilities. Director of business development Tshepiso Banda explains that Blacc Engineering Services was formed “to plug the commissioning gap that exists within EPCM

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[Engineering, Procurement and Construction Management], particularly regarding project delivery by small, medium and micro enterprises [SMMEs]. We worked toward closing this gap by advising and consulting with these SMMEs as well as smallscale mining and beneficiation companies.” He continues, “We soon realised there was a need to provide all engineering/technical solutions to our clients, hence we started divisions such as environmental management and science, mine closure and rehabilitation, demolition, water and sanitation, dam engineering and, most recently, traffic and transportation engineering.” Banda says the founding members have adequate experience within EPCM, which further enables them to execute design studies perfectly. “The team can then mitigate design layout issues during the study phase and pre-empt the operator requirements when running the processes.” Banda is one of the original founders of the company, having started as senior process engineer. He has been involved in various projects undertaken by Blacc Engineering Services over the years, through which he has acquired extensive

and valuable experience and expertise in process engineering for numerous projects such as hydrometallurgical projects, mineral processing, hydrocarbons, water and wastewater—from concept to completion, and in various countries. It was not an easy road in the beginning, he shares. “We were not known in the industry, making it greatly difficult for us to win projects, as the clients didn't have experience with our capabilities as a company.” The fledgling business struggled to gain more projects after a good start, and lost a number of its experienced engineers, project managers and other important support professionals. The founders' solution was to forge relationships with other experienced EPCM and EPC companies to render services to them on their small-scale projects. “We have gradually built up our company and portfolio through excellent execution of our projects. This has enabled us to recruit capable and experienced professionals while empowering less experienced professionals to be technically inclined and be able to execute projects successfully,” says Banda. Today, Blacc Engineering Services has more than 40 employees and the company boasts a Level 1 BBBEE certificate and ISO 9000 certification. It has successfully completed projects as far afield as Angola and Zambia. “We have forged relationships in every sector we have worked in, for instance, in engineering we started by being an enterprise supplier development company for one of the leading multinational EPCMs. We have built relationships with small and medium companies in our space to enter into joint ventures to execute medium-sized projects within and outside the borders of South Africa. “Furthermore, we collaborated with experienced professors

“WE HAVE G R A D U A L LY B U I LT U P O U R COMPANY AND PORTFOLIO THROUGH EXCELLENT EXECUTION OF OUR PROJECTS.” and doctors in the field of environmental science and management to provide solution to clients on issues pertaining to environment and sustainability. “We are in the process of also collaborating with institutions of learning to assist them in providing students with workintegrated learning,” Banda adds. Blacc Engineering Services is currently involved in a number of large projects, including: the design, contract documentation and construction management of two dams, under the company's Dam Engineering division; and a feasibility study of a coalprocessing plant. “Blacc intends to broaden its horizon by expanding to other African countries. We are currently

strategising and negotiating with our strategic partners to realise the dream of being one of the top African multidisciplinary engineering consulting firms operating on the continent, and to create more job opportunities,” says Banda. “We want to provide a one-stop solution for our clients' challenges in relation to minerals, water and energy.” To aid in this endeavour, the company is exploring new and exciting technologies such as building information modelling: an intelligent, 3D-based process to model plants, dam engineering and other infrastructure, as well as green energy projects that have the potential to shape our future for the better. It is also recruiting well experienced and qualified engineers with a passion for designing processing plants, infrastructure and water projects. Banda concludes, “We intend solving engineering and technical challenges facing southern African society now, for future generations, by working across all sectors. And providing clean energy and water to ensure sustainability, while we as a company adhere to environmental safety protocols.” See blaccengineering.co.za

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company profile

CLEARING

SDV is a specialist mining, construction and environmental law firm based in South Africa with clients locally and in various other African jurisdictions. Founded five years ago, it has grown in leaps and bounds. The firm offers services in the mining and construction sectors, and its lawyers are all specialists in their fields of practice. The Mining & Environmental Law team assists clients throughout the project life cycle of a mine: from exploration to construction, production and, finally, mine closure. This majority female owned and run law firm stands out in the male-dominated sectors of mining and construction, and the market appreciates the more inclusive, collaborative and empathetic way of doing business in challenging sectors. “Call it a feminine touch!” says Lili Nupen, co-founder, and director of the Mining & Environmental Law team. “We have also built a stellar reputation based on our relationships with all stakeholders in the industries we service, including but not limited to regulators and unions. It’s something I believe is critically lacking in the mining sector.”

THE AIR Law firm NSDV provides practical legal advice and solutions in the mining and construction sectors, implemented 'on the ground'

The recently launched African practice is the responsibility of Methembeni Moyo. He has practised mining law in Zimbabwe and construction law in South Africa, and has extensive crossborder and African commercial transaction experience. “In addition to these lead attorneys, we have a diverse group of lawyers and technical experts who make up the NSDV team,” says Nupen. “These experts come from all over the continent and have been selected because of their shared values and attitude toward the law and the way in which we interact with our clients, colleagues and regulators as people. Hence, our slogan: 'People over Paper'.”

People over Paper Besides the Mining & Environmental team, the firm has Construction Law and Corporate & Commercial Law teams. “On the back of significant growth of our clients’ work on the African continent, we have recently started an Africa practice,” adds Nupen. Nupen has built up more than 16 years of expertise, with extensive experience in the environmental and mining legal regulatory arena. “I’m passionate and have a deep understanding of the South African mining industry, having the good fortune to work on numerous transactions involving both international and local mining companies throughout South Africa and Africa.”

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The Construction Law team is headed by Cameron Staude, who has more than 16 years’ experience and has worked on significant mining and construction projects. Heading up the Corporate & Commercial Law team is Helyn Herholdt, with more than 18 years’ experience. She specialises in general corporate and commercial law, mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, as well as corporate reorganisations and restructurings.

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A practical approach

NSDV prides itself in providing a highly client-centric service. The firm realised that most of its mining clients, because of the nature of their business—highly regulated, high-risk, fast-paced operating environment—require an accessible, less 'red tape', and hands-on approach to doing law, which is exactly what NSDV provides.

The firm provides mining companies with practical advice and solutions within the legal realm, implemented 'on the ground'. This practical approach provides clients with succinct solutions, which avoids burdening them with unnecessarily long and perplexing legal opinions or theoretic solutions that practically do not work within their operating environment. Secondly, NSDV understands that its mining clients operate in one of the most regulated sectors in South Africa. “We have developed good professional working relationships with regulators for nearly two decades. NSDV’s general policy is to litigate against regulators only as a last resort, and would rather leverage its institutional knowledge and trust it has with regulators to provide workable business solutions for clients.” Thirdly, “NSDV has developed a bespoke business matchmaking service whereby we match individuals and/or organisations within the mining and construction value chains, such as financial institutions, high net-worth individuals, technical experts, offtakers, logistics companies etc. for the development of various mining and infrastructure projects,” Nupen reveals.

Licence to mine

Environmental, social and governance (ESG) regulations are increasingly becoming top of mind. The key phrase is “licence to mine”, says Nupen. A mining company that performs highly in ESG most likely has an integrated and well-rounded licence to mine. A healthy licence to mine is critical, as there is a plethora of local host community issues to deal with, such as illegal miners (zama zamas), the current climate crisis and violent weather changes, environmental degradation, the scourge of so-called 'business forums', a poor economy and unemployment, she states.

MINING CLIENTS REQUIRE AN ACCESSIBLE, LESS 'RED TA P E ', A N D HANDS-ON APPROACH TO DOING LAW It is also important for mining companies to stay ahead of the ever-growing regulatory burden. “NSDV ensures all clients are kept up-to-date on legislative developments through our easy-toread series Clearing The Air, which addresses such amendments and provides practical examples of the implications thereof, which we publish on our website [www. nsdv.co.za] and LinkedIn page [@ nsdvfirm].”

Regulatory framework

Back on the subject of zama zamas, Nupen believes the most sustainable solution is to open access to the formal sector for artisanal and small-scale miners (ASMs). “It is incredibly difficult for ASMs to gain entry into South Africa’s formal mining sector,”

she says. “This is largely due to the lengthy and financially burdensome requirements imposed by our current regulatory framework. We believe a targeted relaxation of the legislative requirements will divert many illegal miners toward the formal sector: in particular, the imposition of fewer regulatory hurdles or a relaxation of such requirements, a reduction in time periods for ASMs to obtain licences as well as a reduction of the financial provisions and statutory fees.” It all comes down to the regulatory environment. “There is no doubt the commencement of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002 (MPRDA) has changed the face of the mining and petroleum industries in South Africa for the better,” notes Nupen. “Mining and production are capital-intensive endeavours that benefit from outside investment. Barriers to investment include inconsistent processing time lines for the granting of new applications for mining and prospecting rights, and lack of security of tenure. “While the Act has made great strides in progressing the mining and petroleum industries, there are practical difficulties that can be alleviated through the amendment of the MPRDA. Following its review, we hope it is amended to promote investment in these industries in South Africa."

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esg

STAY AHEAD

OF THE CURVE Tackling ESG greenwashing: what can South Africa learn from countries abroad?

s environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosures become more and more important to all stakeholders, greenwashing (i.e. tactics organisations use to exaggerate, mislead or falsify their sustainability claims and credentials on their impact to the environment) becomes more pervasive. Greenwashing in the context of ESG includes organisations ‘tweaking’ their environmental disclosures in order to be perceived by the public as a more environmentally conscious organisation than they factually are. The measures that have been implemented abroad in order to address greenwashing

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and facilitate accountability for ESG disclosures will certainly inform developments to the relevant South African regulatory framework in the future.

Greenwashing risks in the ESG context

From a recent report published by PricewaterhouseCoopers titled, “PwC’s Asset and Wealth Management Revolution 2022” (shorturl.at/puKX7), consumers and investors alike have developed a massive interest in sustainability-focused companies. In this regard, the PwC report projects that ESG–focused

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institutional investments will soar by 84%, and asset managers globally are expected to increase their ESG–related assets under management to US$33.9 trillion by 2026. You could add the fortunes of Elon Musk, Donald Trump, Bill Gates, Jeff Bezos, Ali Khan and the Rothschilds together and still we are nowhere near that number! ESG investing will be astronomical. Greenwashing liability will be, too. With the ever-increasing global focus on sustainability and the significant interest in ESG–focused investments, it is highly likely that greenwashing allegations will increase and continue to garner mainstream attention. It is very important that organisations

ESG INVESTING WILL BE ASTRONOMICAL. GREENWASHING LIABILITY WILL BE, TOO.

esg

greenwashing as seen from abroad

implement measures to avoid greenwashing and ensure ESG disclosures are accurate and transparent in order to protect their investors, mitigate their ESG risks, and create value for all stakeholders. In June 2022, the Johannesburg Stock Exchange Limited (JSE) released a document titled, “JSE Sustainability Disclosure Guidance” (shorturl.at/AFLP1), which aims to “enable more useful, consistent and comparable sustainability disclosure to inform better decision-making and action” and is intended to be used as a guide for JSE–listed companies on best practice with respect to ESG disclosures. It is evident from the JSE guidance document that South Africa has begun to reflect an awareness of the need to regulate greenwashing and improve the accuracy and accountability of ESG disclosures—but despite these progressive steps, it is worth noting that South Africa does not currently have any legislative provisions in place that specifically address greenwashing.

Greenwashing in South Africa is not without its risks, however, and organisations found to be engaging in greenwashing may incur liability regarding: • Fraud; • Misleading or deceptive representations resulting in an infringement of consumer protection laws; • The violation of competition laws; • An array of possible regulatory complaints; and • Liability for directors failing to act in the best interest of the company. Greenwashing may also result in pressure from the shareholders of an organisation in the form of shareholder activism or even in the form of shareholder class actions. In light of this, greenwashing allegations can ultimately be incredibly damaging to an organisation’s reputation, and in turn, its bottom line.

The recent approach to

A big focus in ESG reporting globally is on responsible energy and water usage when considering climate change and resource optimisation as the key disclosure areas. Greenwashing-related litigation has therefore recently become prominent in relation to these disclosure areas. A 2022 research report titled, “Climate-Washing Litigation: Legal Liability for Misleading Climate Communications” (shorturl.at/ mrEL7), by the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change & the Environment and the Climate Social Science Network, states it is estimated that since 2016 there have been at least 20 cases filed before courts in the United States, Australia, France and the Netherlands regarding climate-washing (which is a type of climate change–related greenwashing). It is estimated that since 2008, at least 27 administrative complaints regarding climatewashing have been filed before oversight bodies in the United Kingdom, Australia, Italy, New Zealand, Denmark, the US and South Korea. It is evident that, globally, organisations are increasingly being held accountable for greenwashing.

In the US

In April 2022, Vale S.A., a Brazilian mining company, was charged by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for making false and misleading claims regarding the safety of its dams (shorturl.at/frO13). The SEC’s complaint followed the collapse of Vale’s Brumadinho dam in 2019, which resulted in the unfortunate death of 270 people. According to the SEC’s complaint, since 2016, Vale manipulated and misled local governments,

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esg communities and investors through its ESG disclosures about the safety of the Brumadinho dam. A month before the SEC filed its complaint against Vale, the SEC proposed draft rules regarding “[t]he Enhancement and Standardization of ClimateRelated Disclosures for Investors” (shorturl.at/dxPX8). The draft rules propose that ‘registrants’ include certain climate-related disclosures in their registration statements and periodic reports. In this regard, the draft rules propose that companies disclose climaterelated information relating to climate-related risks, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions metrics, and climate-related opportunities.

In Europe

There have also been recent developments on this topic from the European Union (EU). In this regard, on 28 November 2022, the Council of the EU approved the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). The purpose of the CSRD (shorturl. at/acfq4) is to enforce and facilitate accountability for the ESG performance of organisations, thus ensuring improved transparency, credibility and comparability of data. In accordance with the provisions set out in the CSRD, it obliges large companies, listed small- and medium-sized enterprises, and even nonEuropean entities to report on ESG impacts. The European Commission will adopt a final set of detailed sustainability reporting standards by 30 June 2024 for the applicable companies to make ESG disclosures.

In Australia and France More recently, in February 2023, the Australian Securities and Investments Commission launched civil proceedings against the pension fund

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Mercer Superannuation Limited (shorturl.at/iwPW4), accusing it of greenwashing, or exaggerated claims of environmentally friendly investments and products. Also in February 2023, the French climate advocacy campaigners—Oxfam France, Friends of the Earth France and Notre Affaire à Tous—filed a lawsuit (shorturl.at/FJKOR) in France against the financial institution BNP Paribas, for the alleged financing of fossil fuels. Campaigners are particularly concerned about the huge carbon majors it has as clients. In Australia, in March 2023, Greenpeace Australia Pacific asked the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission to investigate (shorturl.at/ iAP47) whether Toyota Motor Corporation’s environmental claims regarding the performance of its vehicles and its net zero ambitions are misleading or deceptive.

In Canada and South Korea

In Canada, a new standard was recently issued, namely the “Standard on the Disclosure of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Setting of Reduction Targets” (shorturl.at/ejAD4), compelling large suppliers to the government of Canada to disclose their GHG emissions, set targets and adopt science-based targets to reduce GHG emissions in line with the Paris Agreement, starting 1 April 2023. Also in February 2023, South Korea issued a draft new law on the fining of companies for false or exaggerated green claims (shorturl.at/LOS03).

Globally

On a global scale, the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) issued its first two finalised frameworks, IFRS S1 and IFRS S2, in June 2023 (shorturl.at/ktJQY) IFRS S1 is designed to apply I S S UE 11

globally to corporates in all sectors and attempts to unify disclosure on factors such as waste and emissions, as well as on how to disclose all material sustainabilityrelated risks and opportunities. IFRS S2 will focus on specific topics, particularly on climate mitigation and climate adaptation. ISSB chair Emmanuel Faber indicated that “companies already reporting under the Global Reporting Initiative won’t be able to simply cut and paste swathes of disclosures, because they will need to apply the ISSB’s investor-focused materiality lens. For companies reporting under multiple frameworks, this will make reporting less challenging”.

What about South Africa? South Africa has traditionally followed the lead from abroad when it comes to ESG regulatory developments. It is significant to note that one of the purported benefits of the JSE guidance document is to support the convergence of global reporting standards. The adoption of the CSRD in the EU, the rules proposed by the SEC in the US, the standards to be issued by the ISSB, the standard issued by the Canadian government, and the laws to be released in South Korea on greenwashing should inspire companies to question their ESG reporting and potential for greenwashing. The best way to stay ahead of the curve in Africa is to develop a business-specific ESG Scorecard, avoid greenwashing and facilitate accountability for ESG disclosures. Dominic Varrie: Candidate Attorney Nicole Sebanz: Associate Minnette le Roux: Environmental Specialist NSDV www.nsdv.co.za

in focus

INNOVATIVE

AVENUE The Victoria Falls Stock Exchange: A pathway to success for junior mining companies in Zimbabwe

imbabwe is renowned for its geological wealth, skilled mining labour force and a generally well-developed mining sector. With recent worldclass lithium discoveries and seemingly insatiable global demand for battery minerals, the country should be poised to become a global mining superpower. However, progress is perennially obstructed by economic and political challenges that render Zimbabwe a high currency-risk mining destination. If the currency risk issues that affect Zimbabwe’s mining sector can be addressed, foreign and local investors will be more inclined to inject funding that could afford junior to mid-tier miners the much-needed capital to take advantage of the country’s vast natural resources. The mining sector is a critical feature of Zimbabwe’s economy, accounting for around 12% of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) and around three-quarters of its export earnings in 2022. While some economists are sceptical, the Zimbabwean government remains optimistic that the country’s mining output will reach US$12 billion by year end of 2023.

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Currency risk and economic challenges faced by miners in Zimbabwe The fundamental deterrent to investing in Zimbabwe’s mining sector is unfavourable and uncertain exchange control, currency and fiscal policies. Investors need to be assured they can put money into the country and take out their gains without undue restriction. Zimbabwe’s laws and prevailing economic conditions do not provide investors that comfort. This makes raising foreign currency externally or locally for expensive capitalintensive mining projects difficult. Large multinationals operating in Zimbabwe’s established platinum sector, for example, have the balance sheet to mitigate the country’s foreign currency risk. With mining costs on the rise due to inflation, junior to mid-tier miners are finding it challenging to raise the capital required to take advantage of the favourable commodities price cycle in

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precious metals and battery minerals. There are, however, some innovative avenues available to junior and mid-tier miners to raise much-needed funding to thrive in Zimbabwe’s challenging economic environment.

The Victoria Falls Stock Exchange

One such exciting innovation is the introduction of the Victoria Falls Stock Exchange. The VFEX is an alternative stock exchange established in 2020 as a subsidiary of the main Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE) to operate in the Victoria Falls special economic zone. The bourse incentivises listings with the prospect of raising capital in hard currency. These incentives include: • All the cash inflows raised on the VFEX are considered free funds and can be kept in FCA investments foreign currency accounts. • There is allowance to use offshore settlement for trades conducted on the VFEX. • The VFEX also offers tax incentives for shareholders and exemption from capital gains and withholding tax for the bourse investors.

The VFEX has provided an avenue for international investors into Zimbabwe without the associated currency risk. The success of the bourse is undeniable, with an over 400% increase in market value in the last year, with it currently sitting at US$1.4 billion. The value of stocks traded during the first quarter of this year amounted to more than US$13 million. The VFEX has created a procedure for listing specifically applicable to junior mining companies. A junior mining company is a company whose principal activity is that of mining, but does not qualify to list on the main board, but qualifies to list on

in focus

the junior board. The criteria for the listing of junior mining companies prescribes they must have: • A subscribed capital of US$250 000; • Not less than 5 million equity shares in issue; • A satisfactory profit history for the preceding 3three financial years, if applicable; • At least 20% of each class of equity shares must be held by public shareholders, unless otherwise agreed with the VFEX; • The number of public shareholders of listed securities must be at least (i) 50 in respect of equity shares; (ii) 25 in respect of preference shares; (iii) 10 in respect of debentures; and • Minimum spread criteria should be complied with on a continuous basis.

Tharisa and Caledonia’s VFEX listing The listing of Caledonia Mining Corporation plc in 2021 demonstrated the funding potential of the VFEX. Caledonia received incredible support from Zimbabwean investors who oversubscribed by more than

THE VFEX HAS PROVIDED AN AVENUE FOR INTERNATIONAL INVESTORS INTO ZIMBABWE WITHOUT THE ASSOCIATED CURRENCY RISK.

50% for the Caledonia Depository Receipts. Caledonia ended up raising US$7.8 million, much more than the originally targeted US$3 million. The capital raised was used in part to fund a 12MW solar photovoltaic plant that became operational in November 2022 to reduce on-mine costs. Tharisa Minerals (Pty) Ltd’s successful listing in December of just over US$30 million in threeyear bonds is another example of the immense fund-raising potential of the VFEX for mining operations. The funds raised on

the VFEX by Tharisa will be critical in enabling Tharisa to finance the proposed US$391-million Karo Platinum project in Zimbabwe. Another Zimbabwean miner that is listed on the VFEX is Bindura Nickel Corporation Limited, which listed on 17 December 2021.

Conclusion

The funding potential of the VFEX model has been successfully demonstrated through the Caledonia listing and subsequent fund raising as well as the Karo Platinum project listing, for example. Listing on the VFEX in addition to other funding strategies could be the answer to funding mining projects in what has historically been a difficult cash environment. Couple that with an unprecedented commodities price cycle, and there may be a pathway to finding the capital needed to build a successful mining project in Zimbabwe. Methembeni Moyo Lawyer: Foreign Qualified Mining and Construction Dominic Varrie Candidate Attorney NSDV (www.nsdv.co.za)

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sustainability

ENABLING 'GREEN' JX Metals and BHP's new partnership aims to support the continued development of a responsible copper supply chain

X Metals Corporation and BHP are pursuing the development of a Green Enabling Partnership aimed at supporting both parties' ambitions of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the copper supply chain and making the copper supply chain more sustainable. Through this Green Enabling Partnership, JX Metals and BHP aim to support the continued development of a responsible copper supply chain through enhancing traceability and material origin verification across the industry: from producers to downstream consumers such as copper product manufacturers, as well as the semiconductor, information technology and automobile industries. The Green Enabling Partnership further proposes to advocate for the circular economy and GHG emissions reduction through copper concentrates and sulphuric acid supply between both parties, promote knowledge sharing in areas of estimating

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and reducing the carbon footprint of electrolytic copper, as well as engaging in research and development to support improved material processing and energyefficient smelting operations. BHP is a leading global resources company with approximately 80 000 employees and contractors, primarily in Australia and the Americas. BHP's products are sold worldwide, and it is among the world's top producers of major commodities including iron ore, copper, nickel and metallurgical coal. JX Metals Corporation is engaged in a comprehensive range of non-ferrous metal businesses centred on copper and minor metals—spanning the manufacture and development of advanced materials, to smelting, recycling and mineral resources. JX Metals and BHP have a longstanding relationship, dating back to 1985 with the commissioning of Escondida, BHP's largest copper mine. This relationship has been strengthened in recent years I S S UE 11

through various collaboration opportunities, for example, BHP has supplied copper concentrates extracted from its mines in Chile to JX Metals' smelters in Japan and utilised sulphuric acid produced in JX Metals' smelting processes for solvent extraction in its mines. "JX Metals' partnerships in the downstream copper supply chain are expanding in scope," says JX Metals director and deputy CEO, Kazuhiro Hori. "Our efforts to produce more sustainable copper are centred on green hybrid smelting at the Saganoseki Smelter and Refinery, and partnerships with upstream sectors are essential to reduce our Scope 3 GHG emissions reported by JX Metals in copper concentrate production and transportation. We will respond to our stakeholders' needs by enhancing our ESG efforts in upstream sectors through this partnership with BHP—a vital responsibility for JX Metals." In 2022, Pan Pacific Copper (a member of JX Metal's group)

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partnered with BHP and Norsepower, a global manufacturer of wind propulsion equipment for shipping, in an effort to reduce carbon emissions from the marine transportation of copper concentrates and sulphuric acid. BHP's chief commercial officer Vandita Pant says: "At BHP, we pride ourselves on identifying and implementing innovative sustainability. We recognise that solutions are not developed in silos, and partnership and collaboration with our customers and partners across the value chain often bring about the best and most sustainable outcomes in pursuit of these goals. “We look forward to working with JX Metals on the Green Enabling Partnership that aims to support further GHG emissions reduction in the supply chain for copper, one of the most critical minerals in the journey toward global net zero ambitions." President of BHP Americas Rag Udd adds: "In a world in which the demand for copper is on the rise, improving the sustainability of producing processes is a non-negotiable. The copper of our mines produced in Chile is fundamental for decarbonising the value chain and for providing the resources the world needs to enable the energy transition. “BHP has made significant progress in increasing the sustainability and ESG [environmental, social and governance] standards of its copper production, and we always aim to deliver high-quality and responsibly produced copper. I'm sure this partnership will benefit our customers and will allow us to go even further in our effort to decarbonise through innovative production processes." Read about JX Metals' approach to sustainable copper at shorturl. at/pALY3. Read about BHP's approach to climate change at www.bhp.com/climate.

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DYNAMIC AND

INNOVATIVE SSC Advisory possesses the expertise specific and unique to the mining, engineering and chemicalprocessing industries

AFRICAN MINI N G N EWS

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advertorial

IT IS CRITICAL TO ADDRESS THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION CHALLENGES THAT A COMPANY FACES

SC Advisory is a member of the SSC (Siyakhula Sonke Corporation) Group, which is a dynamic, innovative and Level 1 100% black-owned mining and investment company. Our strategic significance is our understanding and expertise in various mineral-related industries, having worked with leading players in the South African mining sector and related industries. SSC Advisory offers comprehensive advisory services including: • Corporate Governance Consulting Services; • Social Performance Services, including establishing community trusts, facilitating community consultations and undertaking social impact assessments and project feasibility; • ESG Integrated Reporting System and consulting services; • Compliance with transportation regulations, health and safety standards, advising on compliance with a range of legal instruments, including provincial and local bylaws; • Labour Relations Services, Empowerment and Transformation Services; • Training and Development Services;

• BBBEE, Transformation and Stakeholder Consulting Services; • Human Resource and Employee Relations Consulting; • Drafting of Policies and Procedures; • Implementation of ESOP Initiatives; • Dispute Resolution Services, including Peace and Prosperity Partnerships; and • Business Management and Operational Improvement Solutions.

HISTORY OF SSC The name Siyakhula Sonke is derived from the Zulu phrase, ‘together we grow’, and encapsulates the company’s vision of growth through partnerships.

Why choose us?

It was founded in 2005 by Fred

SSC Advisory has assisted several large mining, engineering and chemical-processing companies. We possess the expertise and understanding that is specific and unique to these particular industries. We believe that with the current economic and social pressures prevailing in South Africa and the dynamic environment wherein a particular company operates, it is critical to address the socio-economic transformation challenges that a company faces.

Arendse, who has many years' experience in the mining industry. From its humble origins in a garage-turned-home-office, today the SSC Group is worth a substantial value, consisting of more than 15 subsidiaries in various industries—yet still focused on servicing mines. Arendse's focus has also remained the same, building a company that will not only change his life dramatically, but also that of his staff, partner companies and surrounding communities.

Renate@sscgroup.co.za/ info@sscgroup.co.za (012) 665 5336 ISSUE 11

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junior mining

0.4% IS

NO CHOKE.

WELL, ACTUALLY

IT IS

Unlocking the potential of the junior mining sector in South Africa

t the latest Budget Speech, the growth of the mining and energy sector in South Africa was measured at 0.4%. While growth in general is to be applauded in the current economic circumstances, this growth could increase exponentially if the potential of the junior mining sector is unlocked and fully developed. Investors are less enthusiastic about junior mining in South Africa due to small and junior companies having less experience than large-scale miners, legislative and permitting challenges, the geopolitical climate of South Africa, as well as the lack of adequate infrastructure. Mining and environmental law consists of stringent and interwoven permitting procedures and approximately 28 acts which may possibly apply to them, making it exceptionally difficult for junior miners to conduct exploration activities, legally. Continuous reporting in terms of

AFRICAN MINI N G N EWS

legislative requirements are also administrative burdens for junior miners who are just starting out. Permitting and appeals can be very time-consuming, and it may take years for a licence to be granted or for an appeal decision to be made, thus delaying the commencement of operations. Typically, junior miners would need to wait for authorisation to be granted before funding can be secured.

Is the 0.4% growth enough?

When considering South Africa’s rich mineral landscape and extensive skillset in the sector, as well as the potential it holds for the mining sector, 0.4% growth appears to be minimal. According to the Minerals Council of South Africa’s statistics, in 2018 junior mining contributed R54 billion to the mining sector, which increased by 63% to R88 billion in 2022. This demonstrates the immense potential that junior mining has and the valuable contribution it makes to the country’s overall growth and creation of a more robust mining sector in South Africa. Junior mining also employs

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about 10% of the South African mining industry’s workforce, contributing heavily to employment in our country. The junior mining sector has grown considerably over time and has the potential to develop even further, should the barriers to the sector be relaxed. The latest growth statistics pave the way for junior mining to take centre stage in contributing to the overall growth and development of the mining sector. The junior mining sector should be promoted, not only to investors but also to other prominent players within the mining sector to enable equal access to opportunities in line with the objectives of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act. What can be done to relax the chokehold?

Shine a little light

The importance of junior miners in the mining industry should be emphasised. Clearly, the longevity of mining is critical to the country’s economy and the continued growth of the mining sector. In this manner, investment in the sector is required in order for it to survive.

junior mining

Apply successful models that work elsewhere Certain tax incentives could be offered following the Canadian model where incentives for investment through a flowthrough share system is offered— something South Africa is attempting to introduce in order to attract investment for junior miners. We are of the view that this would create a knock-on effect that would ultimately encourage funding and investments through incentives, which we can see our government is amenable to, as it has already started efforts in facilitating junior miners’ access to such financial resources through setting up a fund to aid junior miners and enable exploration. The Johannesburg Stock Exchange has also developed a fund-raising product appropriate for junior miners.

Work with regulators to relax legislation Greater support for junior miners in the form of the Junior Mining Council is a definite step in the right direction. However, legislative reform catered to junior miners and their exploration operations is much needed, in particular through the proposal of fewer regulatory hurdles or the greater relaxation of such requirements, as well as the legislated commitment to a reduction in time periods for junior miners to obtain licences (assuming all boxes have been ticked, of course). NSDV has considered the various amendments that could be made to the existing legislation in order to assist the junior mining sector and we have proactively marked up these amendments in

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Map it out

JUNIOR MINING EMPLOYS ABOUT 10% OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MINING INDUSTRY’S WORKFORCE, CONTRIBUTING H E AV I LY T O EMPLOYMENT IN OUR COUNTRY. our current acts. You’ll find dimea-dozen experts who lambast the government, but do not build relationships that facilitate the changes we need based on operational experience with junior mining clients. We would be more than willing to discuss these with the Junior Mining Council and the regulator if it would be helpful to moving such proposed amendments along. A starting point would be amending the regulations promulgated in terms of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act to include and recognise junior mining and their specific requirements. Changes like these to the administrative and legal requirements should result in easier access to funding and the ability for juniors to 'put a spade in the ground' and start mining. I S S UE 11

As has been stated ad nauseum, a mineral cadastral system should be implemented, as South Africa is the only Southern African Development Community country without a functioning cadastral system. This would enable junior miners to enter into the sector, aid in clearing the backlog of mineral rights applications, and hopefully clear the appeals. In addition, and something to be recognised and remembered, is the fact that there are many opportunities for the future of junior mining, such as those created by the energy transition and the need to search for minerals (so called 'green minerals') to facilitate and construct renewable energy mechanisms. A functional and transparent mineral cadastral map and system would assist junior miners in identifying the locations of various minerals and the availability of prospecting rights, mining rights, and mining permits for those minerals to be applied for and easily exploited. These few changes could result in endless opportunities for the juniors. Mining starts with exploration. Junior miners explore potentially mineral-rich areas and develop these on a small scale. This is often overlooked, but is a very necessary function and is essential to the overall health of the mining industry. Without a growing and flourishing junior mining sector, the mining industry will flounder. I am of the view that we at NSDV can make a significant impact on the junior’s overall business through our practical approach to the sector, but within the legal realms. We all like to feel needed, and we feel needed by the juniors, given our extensive value add to their business. Lili Nupen Co-founder & Director: Mining and Environmental Team NSDV (www.nsdv.co.za)

Enel Green Power for your business

Enel Green Power, delivering large-scale renewable energy projects in SA When Enel Green Power South Africa (EGP SA) concluded long-term Power Purchase Agreements to supply 220 MW of renewable energy to a commercial and industrial (C&I) client, it became the first renewable energy supplier to conclude a large-scale C&I wind PPA in the country. Today, Enel Green Power SA’s total managed capacity in South Africa is almost 2GW between projects in operation and under implementation, cementing it as a leading renewable energy supplier in the country. With 12 operational projects that form part of the country’s Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP), EGP SA now boasts almost 20% share of South Africa’s renewable energy market. The company is currently in discussions with various private off-takers to increase energy capacity, a move that will further consolidate its position as a leader in the renewable energy industry. By leveraging its international track record, competitive financing structures and quicker time-to-market, Enel Green Power is able to comprehensively address customers' energy needs by delivering large- and utility-scale projects focusing on wind and solar PV. Importantly, EGP SA offers a variety of solutions to its clients, including hybridised options, meaning it is not limited to one technology, and can also integrate batteries into the mix to increase energy availability and maximise on power generated and PPA load factor, thus overcoming the typical intermittency and load of a renewable energy project. Enel Green Power’s offering to the C&I market is in addition to the integral role it has played in participating in industry bodies, advocating for reforms and concluding strategic Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) to help power the just energy transition in South Africa over the past 10 years while creating shared value. Purchasing energy through an Independent Power Producer (IPP) such as Enel Green Power allows for greater financial planning through tariff visibility and a reduction of the continuous operational costs and risks associated with conventional energy cost fluctuations. By offering tailor-made PPA’s, Enel Green Power gives clients greater price certainty while helping them achieve their climate action targets. For many companies, purchasing renewable energy represents an essential progressive step in tackling climate change and promoting sustainability while reducing electricity bills. By factoring customers’ Socio-Economic Development (SED) targets into their PPAs, Enel Green Power enables clients to use their renewable energy transition to create shared value in the communities they operate in or where the site is located. Ultimately, the renewable energy company wants to help forward-thinking organisations that are prioritising sustainability to take advantage of the numerous opportunities that the move to green power presents. This all begins with the desire to harness the abundant natural resources that South Africa has been blessed with and produce energy to empower people and enable progress.

ARMSCOR – A STRATEGIC PARTNER OF CHOICE FOR DEFENCE AND SECURITY SOLUTIONS South Africa's defence industry is recognised as being among the most technologically advanced in the world. At the forefront is Armscor - The Armaments Corporation of South Africa SOC Limited, the acquisition agency for the South African Department of Defence (DOD), and other state organs and entities. The organisation manages the strategic capabilities of the DOD, producing research and vanguard technological solutions through its facilities and capabilities functions.

HAZMAT PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS Who we are

Hazmat Protective Systems (Hazmat), a subsidiary of Armscor, is a major manufacturer and supplier of purpose-designed quality respiratory and filtering products to the commercial and defence industries. Activated carbon is impregnated in Hazmat's purpose-designed advanced carbon impregnation plant for use in a comprehensive range of commercial and military respirator filter canisters and cartridges. Hazmat is one of few companies capable of impregnating activated carbon in respiratory and filtering products, and is a sole manufacturer of canisters in South Africa.

Our clientele

Hazmat offers a wide range of services to various industries, including mining, pharmaceutical and health services, agriculture, pulp and paper, textiles, beverages, engineering; and chemical, including petrochemical commodities, pesticide chemicals, organic/inorganic chemicals, explosives, paint adhesives, sealants and cleaning chemicals, amongst others. Hazmat’s product range consists of the following categories: • Full Face Mask Respirators • Double and single half mask • Respirator filter canisters • Respirator filter cartridges

sales@hazmat.co.za

110 Oak Avenue, Highveld Techno Park, Centurion, South Africa

www.armscor.co.za

+2712 428 1911

info@armscor.co.za

www.armscor.co.za

PROTECHNIK LABORATORIES Who We Are

Protechnik Laboratories, a subsidiary of Armscor, is a multidisciplinary scientific laboratory focused on high-end research and development work in Chemical and Biological defence solutions. An ISO 17025 / IEC: 2017 accredited testing laboratory with a 30-year history, Protechnik Laboratories offers a wide range of analytical services to verify and detect the presence of highly toxic and prohibited chemical and biological agents, which includes the testing of masks and materials. These services are vital for the defence and commercial industry, agriculture, food manufacturing, mining and environmental sectors.

Services Offered

Analytical Testing Services - Analytical samples: All occupational health samples – Silica (Alpha Quartz), VOCs, air pollutants; pesticides, metal analysis, sanitizers testing; water analysis (chemical, according to SANS 241) and verification of toxic industrial chemicals. Protection Testing Services - Respiratory protective equipment (RPE): masks (surgical, half- and full-face); gas filters; surface characterisation of adsorbents (activated carbon, Zeolites, catalysts); material characterisation - chemical and physical properties (films, textiles and rubbers). Detection and Decontamination of Hazardous and Toxic Industrial Chemicals - Expertise in both laboratory and field detection for the identification of CWAs, hazardous chemicals and toxic industrial chemicals. Expertise in the destruction of hazardous chemicals, toxic chemicals and toxic industrial chemicals utilising its in-house developed decontaminants.

nomandlav@protechnik.co.za 103 Combretum Crescent, Highveld Technopark, Centurion, Pretoria, South Africa www.armscor.co.za

Remote Testing Services - The Mobile Chemical and Biological Defence Laboratory (MCBDL) with its support container, is a first of its kind multidisciplinary testing mobile laboratory able to service customers at their point of need to reduce contamination. The service is available nationally in South Africa, and can be used statically or be deployed as a remote laboratory for the screening of chemicals and biotoxins. Training Hub - Protechnik Laboratories offers the OPCW Analytical Chemistry Course to African Member states, the Basic Chemistry Course to military personnel, as well as training on the operation of analytical instrumentation (FTIR, GC, GC-MS, HPLC, LC-MS, ICP-MS and IC).

‌‌‌

Armscor SOC Ltd

@ArmscorSoc

safety

GAS, DUST, FIRE AND EVERYTHING IN BETWEEN 10 tips to help increase the safety of workers in your mining facility

avigating below surfaces and in large chasms is a unique occupation, and it takes special preparation to mine. Underground and even in open channels, workers run into new problems and a strange environment. Because the areas feature extremes in temperatures, air quality and impacts, safety is a major consideration for mining operations. Factoring in the range of risks on the job can be difficult, but improving mine safety can be made easier. Through testing and experience, the mining process has been tweaked to add resources and safety. The best practices in mining are less dangerous, more conscientious and more productive than previous procedures. The following 10 tips, among others, can help increase the safety of your mining facility:

1. Prioritise planning

Whether in surface or underground projects, it is critical for miners to develop thorough plans before beginning work. Taking time to

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calculate the best approach can help the process go more smoothly and protect the wellbeing of the whole crew. Assessing the environment can inform drilling design and blasting operations. Careful investigation of the rock characteristics, stresses and probable aftermath can decrease the unknowns and improve the sequence of events. Surveying the area can be easier with mining technology because the right software can display the various outcomes for your proposed plans. Consulting digital models can help you explore a variety of scenarios. You can have more confidence moving forward with well thoughtout steps.

2. Maintain rigorous standards

Exercising regular inspection and adherence to mining regulations can set high expectations for workers. You can instill a sense of responsibility and attentiveness on your job site by meticulously enforcing safety rules. Generating a positive perspective on safety standards I S S UE 11

can make checklists and protocol a necessity in the eyes of workers rather than an extra step. Encouraging feedback from workers on areas for improvement can create a better setting. A culture of safety can get everyone behind the endeavour to secure mining practices.

3. Wear personal protective gear

Labour-intensive jobs all have specific personal protective gear needs, and mining is no different. Head-to-toe protection can shield miners from impacts, chemicals and extreme temperatures. Sturdy clothing and accessories like steel-toed footwear are essential to keep workers safe. Hard hats tailored to the nature and purpose of the mining project can protect from severe injuries, as rock fall is a common cause of incidents. Don't forget to put on your equipment before entering hazardous zones. Adequate fits in personal protective equipment can maximise the defence capabilities of the gear, and defective clothing should be replaced immediately.

4. Pay attention to equipment upkeep

Unchecked, ageing parts can go unnoticed, and worn-out valves or brakes can lead to loss of control. Old or defective equipment can open up dangers to a site, but regular cleaning and repair can keep machinery in optimal shape. Dirt and grime can rapidly build up on tools, slowing them down and compromising their systems. Wash and lubricate equipment to restore them to their former quality. Excavators, drill rigs, rock dusters and ventilation devices all need regular service to continue functioning correctly. Proper

NASH 2BE4 SERIES LIQUID RING VACUUM PUMPS & COMPRESSORS

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BUILT TO LAST All forms of filtration require a pressure differential to make the liquid pass through a porous filter medium/membrane. For every application, the solid’s particle size, quantity and properties have to be carefully assessed to decide what type of filter will be most suitable and what filter medium should be used. Various filtration techniques have been developed to meet the requirements of many different industrial applications. In every filtration application, a Nash liquid ring vacuum pump or compressor can reduce operating costs and minimize downtime.

our service include the following continuous operation to increase efficiency reduced operating costs reduced downtime in harsh operating conditions or locations high volume solids recovery removal of liquid contaminants from the cake without danger to the air/gas handling equipment various materials of construction to satisfy many industrial application requirements

+27 827 1536 info@vaccent.co.za www.vaccent.co.za

VISIT US

124 Snapper Road Wadeville Germiston

safety upkeep can increase the life of these tools and heavy machinery, posing less danger to miners.

conditions can ready workers to react to the initial moments of the fire. Wearing fire-resistant protective gear can reduce the extent of burns, too.

5. Manage vibration and noise levels

Controlled explosions in quarrying reverberate through the earth and emanate loud sounds, and powerful mining machinery also adds elements of vibration and noise. Strategic drilling can ease the tremors, especially in techniques where buffer holes are inserted in advance. Millisecond blasting can delay the explosions slightly with a series of holes to reduce the intensity of sound and shaking. Suppression supports can take the noise down to an appropriate level. Blast mats can absorb the force from the detonation and help contain strong emissions of gas.

6. Account for harsh temperatures

The spectrum of temperatures in which miners spend time can impose stresses on the body. Gold, diamond and coal mines can drop to negative temperatures, while deep mines that are closer to the earth's core can rise to exorbitantly hot conditions. Long work hours in an intense setting can weaken miners, leading to heat exhaustion, dizziness and confusion. Freezing areas can also impact workers with cold-related sicknesses like lack of co-ordination and inconsistent breathing. These kinds of impairment in crew members could influence the well-being of others if they cannot carry out their duties. Hydration, sufficient coverings and periodic breaks from these conditions can lessen the risk of cold or heat stress.

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9. Watch for dust hazards 7. Ventilate harmful gases

As noxious vapours naturally occur in mines, workers can inhale these and suffer from poisoning. High concentrations of particular gases can collect—and in certain cases, they can combust. Knowing the signs of gas poisoning can allow you to catch leakage before it hurts anyone. For instance, overexposure to carbon monoxide can cause headache and breathlessness. Gas detection devices bring more dependable monitoring. Effective ventilation systems can redirect the gases and increase air flow. More air dilutes the gases to an acceptable and breathable proportion for suitable air quality.

8. Stay aware of fire risks

The materials in mines increase the possibility of fire, and if you are mining coal or working in a gasrich region, this elevates your risk for tragic scenarios. Because underground shafts and tunnels are tightly enclosed, smoke and flames can quickly become overwhelming. The compact pathways also can provoke the spread of fires, covering ground swifter than workers may notice. Fire suppression apparatuses can combat the flames, and sensors can alert workers to the danger. Remaining vigilant to fire stimulants and hazardous I S S UE 11

Loose silica dust or coal particles can travel through the air in denser portions than normal when mining. These specks can disturb the respiratory system, depending on their size and makeup. Vacuum devices, screens, transfer shoots and wet fan scrubbers can capture the tiny bits and clear the air for workers. Respiratory protection is also critical because miners are susceptible to lung issues. Respirators and ventilation masks can ward off airborne impurities that miners may confront.

10. Emphasise communication

Relaying information about the conditions and progress of mining activities is crucial. Lines of communication should be handy so workers can warn others about questionable areas or accidents as soon as possible. Signs designating hazardous areas can visually convey safe areas, and clear labels can clue workers in on how or when to use their equipment and tools. Mobile devices are currently used to pass on updates, but the signal for these can be weak or non-existent underground. Onsite communication systems are another technique for transferring messages to miners. The right procedure for mining can equip miners to handle surprises and variations. Knowledgeable miners can push the industry forward in safety measures. Source: www.tmi2001.com

critical minerals

HUGE DEMAND

Critical minerals market sees unprecedented growth as clean energy demand drives strong increase in investment

AFRICAN MINI N G N EWS

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critical minerals

INTERNATIONAL

EXPERTS IN FINDING LEADERS FOR DIVERSE TEAMS

leonie@aimsinternational.com arthur.nkuna@aimsinternational.com aimsinternational.com/za

MOVING YOUR ORGANISATION FORWARD Environment. Society. Governance. ISSUE 11

M I NI NG NEWS AFRICAN

critical minerals

he market for minerals that help power electric vehicles, wind turbines, solar panels and other technologies key to the clean energy transition has doubled in size over the past five years, according to a new report by the International Energy Agency (IEA). The first annual IEA Critical Minerals Market Review, released in July 2023—along with a new online data explorer (bit.ly/3DwMzRz)— shows that record deployment of clean energy technologies is propelling huge demand for minerals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel and copper. From 2017 to 2022, the energy sector was the main factor behind a tripling in overall demand for lithium, a 70% jump in demand for cobalt, and a 40% rise in demand for nickel. The market for energy transition minerals reached US$320 billion in 2022 and is set for continued rapid growth, moving it increasingly to centre stage for the

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“MUCH MORE NEEDS TO BE DONE T O E N S U R E S U P P LY C H A I N S F O R CRITICAL MINERALS ARE SECURE AND SUSTAINABLE.” global mining industry. In response, investment in critical mineral development rose 30% last year, following a 20% increase in 2021. Among the different minerals, lithium saw the sharpest increase in investment—a jump of 50%—followed by copper and nickel. The strong growth in spending by companies on developing mineral supplies supports the affordability and speed of clean energy transitions, which will be heavily influenced by the availability of critical minerals. “At a pivotal moment for clean energy transitions worldwide, we are encouraged by the rapid growth in the market for critical

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minerals, which are crucial for the world to achieve its energy and climate goals,” says IEA executive director, Fatih Birol. “Even so, major challenges remain. Much more needs to be done to ensure supply chains for critical minerals are secure and sustainable. "The IEA will continue its early leadership in this space with cutting-edge research and analysis—and by bringing together governments, companies and other stakeholders to drive progress, notably at our Critical Minerals and Clean Energy Summit on 28 September this year.” If all planned critical mineral projects worldwide are realised, supply could be sufficient to

We pride ourselves to provide clients with unparalleled service and attention and have the success of our clients and their projects at heart. No project is too big or too small.

Mining Defined

We have assisted clients in the following commodities fields: Gold; Platinum, PGM’s, Copper, Nickel, Cobalt, Zink, Coal, Diamonds, Chrome, Iron Ore, Manganese and Uranium.

Resilient projects through quality studies

About Abmincon Absolute Mining Consultants PTY Ltd (“Abmincon”) is a specialist mining engineering consulting firm which specialises in providing clients tailor made and inventive solutions to their mining consulting needs. Absolute Mining Consulting Pty Ltd have assisted clients across all commodity types and all mining method types, to arrive at unique solutions to their challenges and problems. Abmincon PTY Ltd prides itself in the provision of independent, unbiased, honest and reliable opinions and solutions to our clients, both in the open pit and underground mining sphere.

Areas of expertise include:

• Independent mining engineering reviews; • Due diligence studies; • Mine optimisation studies; • Desktop studies; • Pre-feasibility studies; • Feasibility studies; • Mining competent persons reports; • Mine design; • Mine sequencing; • Mine scheduling; • Mine mechanisation; • Mine automation;

• Mine cost estimating; • Strategic mine plans and tactical mine plans and the integration of these; • Mine project development; • Mine access trade-offs; • Mining technical trade-offs; • Mining optimisation; • Mineral resource management • Techno economics modelling; and • Stochastic modelling and Monte Carlo analysis.

Mission, Vision and Values Abmincon PTY Ltd. Strives for absolute brilliance in the delivery of services and projects to our clients. We strive to become the single source supplier of our customers in the consulting mining engineering field.

Our Services • Mining engineering and consulting services; • Mine desktop studies; • Mine pre-feasibility studies; • Mine feasibility studies; • Competent persons reports; • Mine design and scheduling (LoM, medium/short term); • Developing & implementing strategic and tactical mine plans; • Project development and review; • Operational and project reviews; • Business improvement; • Mining optimization;

• Tactical mine planning; • Review, record and update legal and statutory compliance records and reports; • Due diligence studies; • Mine access trade-offs; • Technical mining trade-offs; • Compliance reports; • Mining cost estimating – capex, sib capex, opex; • Mine financial modelling and techno economic modelling; • Stochastic modelling and Monte

Carlo analysis; • Contractor procurement package development and adjudication; • Greenfields projects development; • Brownfields expansion projects; • Mineral resource management; • Declines, inclines, vertical shafts and complete associated infrastructure (chairlifts, material transport men transport, ventilation shafts etc.); • Scale of operation benchmarking and determination; • High level production output models

(excel/carbon 14); • Production cycle times; • Detailed life of mine design and scheduling (Deswik/Studio 5d/Mine 2-4d); • Short term planning; • Equipment specification and fleet estimates; • Labour force estimates and structures; • Cost estimates, business cases (NPV, IRR, ROI) • Simulations possible (arena, simio, simmine) • Access infrastructure

Groundfloor, Edu Loan Building, Constantia Office Park, Cnr. Of 14th Ave and Hendrik Potgieter, Weltevreden Park, 1709 South Africa

critical minerals support the national climate pledges announced by governments, according to the IEA’s analysis. However, the risk of project delays and technologyspecific shortfalls leave little room for complacency about the adequacy of supply. And more projects would in any case be needed by 2030 in a scenario that limits global warming to 1.5°C. Diversity of supply also remains a concern, with many new project announcements coming from already dominant countries. Compared with three years ago, the share of the top three critical mineral producers in 2022 either remained unchanged or increased further, especially for nickel and cobalt. Additionally, environmental, social and governance practices are making mixed progress. Companies are making headway in community investment, worker safety and gender balance; however, greenhouse gas emissions remain high, with roughly the same amount emitted per tonne of mineral output every year. Water withdrawals almost doubled from 2018 to 2021. Accompanying the Critical Minerals Market Review 2023 is the new IEA Critical Minerals Data Explorer, an interactive online tool that allows users to easily access and navigate the IEA's data and projections for critical minerals. In its initial version, the tool provides users with access to the IEA's demand projections under various scenarios and technology trends. Supply-side information will be added in future updates. Since the IEA’s landmark analysis on the Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions in 2021 (bit. ly/3NPPWYw), and the new ministerial mandates (bit. ly/3OeAQgz) it received from its member governments in March 2022, the agency has been expanding its work on critical minerals to help policymakers address emerging challenges. It was also recently asked by the G7

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IF ALL PLANNED CRITICAL MINERAL PROJECTS WORLDWIDE A R E R E A L I S E D , S U P P LY C O U L D BE SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE NATIONAL CLIMATE PLEDGES ANNOUNCED BY GOVERNMENTS to provide support across various aspects of critical minerals supply and demand (bit.ly/3Obbz6K). To strengthen international dialogue and co-operation on the matter, the IEA will host the first ever international summit on critical minerals and their role in clean energy transitions on 28 September in Paris (bit. ly/3DjZeqx), convening ministers from countries in the IEA family and beyond—including both large mineral producers and consumers—as well as business leaders, investors, heads of international organisations, and civil society representatives. The inaugural edition of the Critical Minerals Market Review I S S UE 11

provides a major update on the investment, market, technology and policy trends of the critical minerals sector in 2022 and an initial reading of the emerging picture for 2023. Through in-depth analyses of clean energy and mineral market trends, this report assesses the progress made by countries and businesses in scaling up future supplies, diversifying sources of supply, and improving sustainable and responsible practices. It also examines major trends for individual minerals and discusses key policy implications. Read the report here: bit.ly/46MnAqE

Reliable. Tested. Safe. Radar for exact levels in bulk solids applications From simple to challenging: With radar technology that is highly robust, flexible and economical all at the same time, VEGA is putting things on track to ensure more reliable and efficient production processes involving bulk solids – of any kind and any grain size. Decades of experience means that we understand the requirements of the industry quite well. That’s why VEGAPULS level sensors are able to deliver exact measured values even when conditions get extreme because of dust, noise or buildup.

www.vega.com

green hydrogen

MOVING IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION Africa is ideally suited to take advantage of renewable energy, particularly in the area of green hydrogen

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Supply chains help realise Africa’s mining potential Africa’s rich minerals sector is enabled through sophisticated supply chains that move equipment to the mines and then to transport the raw materials to markets around the world. Our sub-Saharan network, with owned offices and agent networks, has been delivering logistics solutions to the continent’s economically crucial mining industry for more than 30 years, and connects with our operations in more than 80 countries around the world. Our growing presence in the sector is helping realise mining’s economic potential, from supporting resupply into mines in West, East and Central Africa, to greenfield and brownfield projects in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, Ghana and other African countries.

dsv.com/en-za

green hydrogen

s African nations seek to minimise energy poverty, they find themselves at a unique crossroads in 2023. While most are faced with a woeful lack of power-generating infrastructure, they could very well have an unprecedented bounty of options to solve that problem going forward. Tried and true fossil fuel technology will remain an important part of the solution, but renewable energy sources are poised, both technologically and politically, to begin filling the gaps. Additionally, Africa’s climate and geography are ideally suited to take advantage of renewable energy, giving the continent a bright outlook for growth in this sector over the coming decades, particularly in the area of green hydrogen. According to the African Energy Chamber’s (AEC) recently released “State of African Energy 2023 Q1 Report” (shorturl.at/ tzTY6), Africa currently contributes only around 2% of global solar photovoltaic energy and 1% of global wind energy—and therefore will continue to need fossil fuels to achieve its energy goals during the

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next decade and beyond. Natural gas is the largest source of power in Africa at 45% in 2023, and will likely remain above 40% at least through 2030, with an upstream gas potential north of 450 trillion cubic feet still in development. The majority of Africa’s renewable energy capacity has been driven by projects mainly in Egypt, Morocco, Mauritania and South Africa. The continent’s 2023 renewable energy capacity (defined as solar, wind and hydrogen electrolyser in the AEC report) is expected to reach 21.5 gigawatts this year and increase to nearly 30GW by 2025. That upward trend will become more pronounced going forward as new solar and wind projects come online in Morocco, Algeria and Ethiopia, along with project expansions in Egypt and South Africa. The total capacity of all projects currently on the board— including those still in the concept phase—should peak above 280GW by around 2035/2036. Then there is hydrogen capacity, also picking up in Africa: The continent is expected to provide as much as 7% of global

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hydrogen capacity by 2035.

Green hydrogen’s huge potential

Hydrogen has long been recognised as a powerful and clean-burning source of energy, but it is not readily available on Earth in gaseous form, and separating it from water takes a lot of energy in its own right. Burning oil and coal to make hydrogen never made good economic sense, and difficulties with storage and transport only added to the disincentives. Such 'brown' hydrogen in Africa today is mainly used in the production of ammonia-based fertiliser. The recent growth in renewables, however, has given new hope to those who dreamt of abundant carbon-free hydrogen. By using solar and wind energy to produce green hydrogen, clean energy begets more clean energy, and hydrogen can then carry the load when the wind will not blow and the sun will not shine— neutralising one of the biggest criticisms of renewables.

THE THE

BENCHMARK BENCHMARK IN UNDERGROUND AND INDUSTRIAL IN UNDERGROUND AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY HELMETS SAFETY HELMETS

HIGH IMPACT RESISTANT POLYPROPYLENE • 2 YEAR UV STABILISER • 17 UNIQUE COLOURS 6-POINT LINER ATTACHMENT • • RATCHET & WEBBING LINER OPTION HIGH IMPACT RESISTANT POLYPROPYLENE 2 YEAR UV STABILISER • 17 UNIQUE COLOURS PEAKED BRIM • SHORT PEAK BRIM • FULL BRIM • DOUBLE CROWN 6-POINT LINER ATTACHMENT • RATCHET & WEBBING LINER OPTION PLASTIC & METAL LAMP BRACKETS 2 &BRIM 3 POINT STRAPS PEAKED BRIM • SHORT PEAK BRIM • •FULL • CHIN DOUBLE CROWN SABS SANS 1397 COMPLIANT • DMRE APPROVED • 440VAC INSULATED PLASTIC & METAL LAMP BRACKETS • 2 & 3 POINT CHIN STRAPS FULL BRANDING SOLUTIONS • PROUDLY MADE IN SABS SANS 1397 COMPLIANT • DMRE APPROVED • SOUTH 440VACAFRICA INSULATED FULL BRANDING SOLUTIONS • PROUDLY MADE IN SOUTH AFRICA

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green hydrogen While Asia, Europe and North America remain far ahead of Africa in terms of wind and solar capacity, none of them has yet established a big head start in green hydrogen production. Africa now finds itself at the same starting line as everyone else, and the possibilities are great, indeed. The increasingly urgent drive to fight climate change around the world is making capital available for projects as never before, and African nations are putting their hands in the pot. The European Union’s recently unveiled Green Deal Industrial Plan (shorturl.at/jkuC3) aims to promote renewable and hydrogen developments in Africa. According to the AEC report, Namibia has signed hydrogen export agreements with Germany and South Korea; Mauritania is building its pipeline capacity; and South Africa controls about 90% of the world’s reserves of platinum group metals, which are critical for the manufacture of polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysers. CWP Global, the largest renewable energy producer in Africa with nearly 25% of current announced capacity, is working along with North American company Bechtel on projects in Mauritania, Morocco and Djibouti (shorturl.at/fqY57)—totalling 88.5GW capacity when completed. The growth in hydrogen could boost Africa to 7% of global renewables capacity by 2035. A 2022 study (shorturl.at/ cQS28) commissioned by the European Investment Bank, the International Solar Alliance and the African Union—with the support of the Government of Mauritania, HyDeal and UCLG Africa— determined that a €1-trillion investment in production and transmission of green hydrogen could deliver the equivalent of more than one-third of Africa’s current total energy consumption (an additional 7 exajoules of energy to the consumption of

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THE CONTINENT IS EXPECTED TO PROVIDE AS MUCH AS 7% OF GLOBAL HYDROGEN CAPACITY BY 2035. 19.9 exajoules in 2021). The study suggested that hydrogen could eventually be viably produced for US$2 per kilogramme—nearly half the price of hydrogen from the rest of the world. The International Energy Agency (IEA), in its Africa Energy Outlook 2022 (shorturl.at/oqvHS), stated that global declines in the cost of hydrogen production could allow Africa to export green hydrogen to Europe at internationally competitive prices by 2030. Taking it a step further, the IEA predicted that long term, Africa is capable of producing as much as 5 000 megatonnes of hydrogen a year—equivalent to the total global energy supply today. Key to this prediction is IEA’s estimate that Africa (and North Africa, in particular) has 60% of the world’s best solar resources, along with massive wind potential around the northern and southern coasts and the Horn of Africa. In addition to energy production, green hydrogen offers a couple of other benefits worth noting. Since burning hydrogen creates water, hydrogen infrastructure can directly impact the supply of clean water in places where drought and chronic water shortages are frequent threats. Increased fertiliser production using that same hydrogen can also strengthen Africa’s food security by making more lands more fertile. I S S UE 11

Getting there

Promise is great, but promise does not materialise without practice. Realising the potential of renewable energy and green hydrogen in Africa will take more than just throwing money at the problem. African nations need to lay the economic, legal and political frameworks necessary for this new industry to grow and thrive—and to ensure African people, businesses and communities realise the economic opportunities a renewable energy industry will offer. National planning and sound regulation will be needed to provide stability and accountability. Incentives will help mobilise private sector investment, and pilot projects can demonstrate the viability of the technology to both investors and the public. Domestic and international import/export partnerships based on market principles will build demand, as will public education about the benefits of renewable energy. Education to build a skilled African workforce that can maintain, develop and innovate these technologies without heavy reliance on foreign suppliers is also a crucial element for energy independence. Building human capital is as important as building physical infrastructure if this endeavour is to succeed. Though fossil fuels are far from dead and still have an important place in Africa’s energy mix, renewable energy will play an increasingly important role in Africa’s future. By capitalising on its greatest natural assets and partnering with an eager and hungry international market, Africa can ensure a prosperous future where millions of people can finally turn on the lights. NJ Ayuk Executive Chairperson African Energy Chamber

www.ukwazi.com

Integrated, sustainable solution architects

women

MUCH FURTHER TO GO

ebecca Campbell, global head of the Mining & Metals Industry Group at White & Case, and Amanda van Dyke, managing director of the ARCH Sustainable Resources Strategy—together with their incredible teams—have updated the research and the business case of the Women in Mining report first compiled in 2012. Here are extracts from the new report: The mining industry is the bedrock of the global economy, providing the basic materials that are the building blocks of the world. Infrastructure, transport and machinery, energy and the devices and equipment that we use every day to look after our families and our communities all contain metals and minerals that are mined. More recently, there has rightly been a focus on the role of the mining industry in the energy transition; there can be no decarbonisation without an increased sustainable supply of the critical minerals needed for batteries, renewable power and the infrastructure required to create and distribute low- or zeroemissions energy. While recycling will have an increased role to play, primary mining is the driver. Yet, the industry is facing one of its biggest challenges ever: how to change the face of mining to attract more people into the sector and how to encourage them to stay. We are acutely aware of the poor perception the public has of mining, and a part of that perception is the lack of diversity from the top all the way to the mine site. If you don't recognise yourself, or know about the amazing jobs available to solve the climate crisis, why would you chose mining to be part of the climate solution? Women in Mining UK commissioned the first Women in Mining report in 2012 to determine just how many women were participating in the mining industry

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If mining is to attract the next generation of leaders, we need to have diverse people— particularly women—at the top

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women

at senior levels—and to determine what, if any, effect those women had on the performance of those companies. The aim of research like this is to make a factually supported business case for women in mining. And 10 years later, the research and the business case have been updated. This 2023 research found that there remains a positive correlation between a higher EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation) margin, a higher return on capital invested, and higher ESG (environment, social and governance) scores with the percentage of women on boards. The top 500 listed mining companies have made good progress over the decade, albeit from a low base, increasing the number of women on boards by 13%; and for the top 100 listed miners, the rate of increase was 15% over the period. There is much more progress that needs to be made, however. If we were to extrapolate that rate of change, it would take the top 100 listed mining companies until 2026 to reach the critical 30% level, and

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until 2030 for the top 500 listed mining companies. Together, and only together, can we build a truly equitable and sustainable future for mining, rebuild society's trust, and attract and retain the top talent the mining industry needs to play its role in the energy transition, responsibly and sustainably for all stakeholders.

Changes since the last report in 2012 In 2012, Women in Mining UK published a global research report on the number of women on the boards of the top 500 listed mining companies from around the world. The new report looks at the progress the sector has made on gender diversity at board level, 10 years on. By 2022, there had been a 13% increase of women on boards of the top 500 listed mining companies, and we found there is still a positive correlation between a higher EBITDA margin, a higher I S S UE 11

return on capital invested, higher ESG scores and the percentage of women on boards. This evidence is compelling and supports the deep value that diversity can consistently bring over time. But the evidence also shows that there is more to do. If mining is to attract the next generation of leaders, we need to have diverse people like them at the top. In the top 500 globally listed mining companies in 2012, female board participation stood at just 4.9%. By 2022, this number was 17.6%. The trend is even stronger among the top 100 listed mining companies: in 2022, female board participation reached 22.6%. Despite this credible progress, mining still has one of the lowest female board participation rates among other industries in the world. The data shows that listed mining companies with one or more women on the board have consistently outperformed those with fewer or none. Higher female board representation has consistently continued to be associated with higher profitability, higher return on capital invested, higher ESG disclosures and higher ESG performance scores. In 2012, 53% of the top 100 listed mining companies had no women on boards. Among the top 500 listed mining companies, this number was 75.6%. Fast-forward nine years, and there is a marked improvement. Research shows companies achieve the best financial results when they reach a 'critical mass' of 30% or more women at board level or in C-suite positions.

The business case for women in mining The underrepresentation of women on corporate boards has been a longstanding issue in the business world, and the mining industry is no exception.

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women

In 2012, the percentage of women on boards of the top 500 listed companies globally was a mere 4.9%. However, by 1 January 2022, that figure had risen to 17.6%— representing a 13% increase over the decade. While this progress is significant, mining still lags behind other industries in terms of female participation rates. By 2022, 11 women held the chairperson role across the top 100 listed mining companies. This represents a noticeable improvement when compared to 2012, when Cheryl Carolus of Gold Fields was the sole female chairperson. While these figures constitute significant progress, the low average upon which they are based is a disheartening reminder of just how much still needs to be done to increase female participation in the mining industry. On a positive note, companies with at least one woman on their board consistently outperformed those with none. This finding is backed up by 10 years of research, which has shown that higher female board representation is associated with higher profitability, higher return on capital invested and better ESG disclosures and performance scores. It is clear that diversity brings value to businesses, and companies that

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embrace it reap the benefits, and those companies that invested in women have consistently been rewarded. The mining industry plays a crucial role in the global energy transition, and ensuring it remains profitable while being environmentally and socially responsible is vital. Women are essential to the industry and its ability to deliver a sustainable and just transition. The progress made so far is an incredible achievement, but it should also serve as a benchmark for further improvement. The mining industry must continue to prioritise gender diversity and create opportunities for women to participate and contribute fully to the sector. Certainly, promoting diversity in all its forms is essential for businesses to thrive and succeed. Gender diversity is just one aspect of diversity that companies need to consider. Companies that embrace diversity in all its forms— race, ethnicity, age, neurodiversity, disability, sexual orientation and gender identity—have been shown to perform better and be more innovative than those that do not. A diverse board brings different experiences, perspectives and skills to the table, resulting in more effective decision-making, I S S UE 11

better risk management and improved overall performance. It is therefore crucial for mining companies to not only increase gender diversity on their boards but also to create an inclusive culture that values and leverages diversity in all its forms. By doing so, mining companies can position themselves as leaders in global industry and drive meaningful change toward a more equitable and sustainable future. The representation of women on mining boards is more than a matter of equity and social justice, it is also a sound business decision. Companies that fail to diversify their boards and leadership in all its forms risk falling behind their competitors. By promoting gender diversity, along with all the other aspects of diversity, mining companies can leverage the full range of talent and perspectives available, foster innovation and creativity, and improve overall performance. The progress made so far is commendable, but it is essential to remember there is still much further to go. Read the full report at shorturl.at/kptvV

DRIVE R ORT EP

WW . W

IX.

Getting You

Safely Home

base metals

HARNESSING

NON-TAX BENEFITS

OF MINING Climate change action could set off a copper mining boom: how Zambia can make the most of it

t last year’s United States–Africa leaders summit in Washington, the US signed a historic memorandum of understanding with Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo to develop an electric vehicle battery supply chain (shorturl.at/cosAW). At the summit, Zambian President Hakainde Hichilema also announced that KoBold Metals— an exploration firm backed by billionaires Bill Gates, Jeff Bezos and Richard Branson—would invest US$150 million to develop a new mine in Zambia (shorturl.at/ psLT9). Zambia is particularly well positioned to supply what the world needs. It has substantial reserves of copper and cobalt— critical metals for the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Due to their broad uses in wind- and solar-powered technology and electric vehicle production, these metals will play a crucial role in a low-carbon future. Copper demand is expected to increase up to threefold by 2040 (shorturl.at/brBGV), while cobalt demand is expected to rise over 20-fold.

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Zambia has 6% of the world’s copper reserves (shorturl.at/ wxXZ9), and the metal accounts for up to 80% of its export earnings (shorturl.at/ARWZ3). The coming copper boom presents Zambia with an extraordinary opportunity: to enable mining profits as well as to power inclusive growth. But, as Zambia’s history shows, this is easier said than done. Successive rises in copper prices have not translated into reducing poverty or inequality. Zambia is still the fourth most unequal country in the world. Based on our published research (shorturl.at/erBFK) and expertise—including work with the International Growth Centre in the London School of Economics (www.theigc.org), and engagement with the Zambian government on a research agenda for the country’s mining sector—we argue that Zambia can benefit from the energy transition underway. But it can only do so by harnessing the non-tax benefits of mining. Non-tax benefits are the opportunities that stem from the mining activity itself. Most mining firms spend the bulk of

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their revenue on operational and capital expenditures—a larger share than goes toward either profits or government tax. A non-tax benefit approach would mean Zambian companies and workers would participate in mining’s value chain, and Zambian communities would benefit from the infrastructure needed to extract and move the bulk materials. In the past, Zambia has been more focused on capturing tax benefits through changes to the fiscal regime. But a balanced approach of a stable mining taxation policy and the pursuit of non-tax benefits could deliver broader gains.

Zambia’s unequal growth story

Zambia’s track record for converting commodity booms into tangible benefits is mixed at best. Take the last commodity cycle. Sparked by growing demand from China, copper prices began to increase in 2004 (shorturl. at/npY35). From 2003 to 2006, the price of copper—Zambia’s main export—more than tripled. Zambia’s economic growth rate took off in response. Authors' computations from World Bank Data

Yet, there was no corresponding impact on poverty and income inequality (shorturl.at/fkuzV). Zambia’s Gini co-efficient, a measure of inequality, actually rose slightly during the cycle. Even Zambia’s poverty rate, as measured by the percentage

base metals of the population living on less than US$2.15 per day (in 2017, purchasing power parity dollars), rose through 2010 before starting to reverse. That year, a stunning 68.5% of Zambia’s people were living in poverty in a country where annual gross domestic product per person was a much more impressive US$3 125.52 (also in 2017 dollars)—four times the poverty rate. During commodity booms, governments may be tempted to focus on capturing shortterm gains, which are frequently understood in monetary terms and primarily as tax benefits. For Zambia, this dynamic was overlaid on top of the disastrous advice the government had received on how to reopen its previously nationalised copper sector a decade earlier. The Zambian government entered into unfavourable terms with new mine owners, offering generous tax incentives that led to a loss in tax revenue just a handful of years before the copper price rose (shorturl.at/IMNSV). This fuelled a fixation on getting tax revenue from the sector. In 2008, amid the boom, Zambia introduced a windfall tax on mining profits in an attempt to capture more benefits from the sector (shorturl.at/mtDM4). Less emphasis was placed on the largely untapped non-tax benefits.

Why non-tax benefits?

Non-tax benefits are where the real potential to drive inclusive growth lies, as we detail below. The figure opposite is a hypothetical one that illustrates the point. For every $100 generated in revenue, imagine that $70 is spent on operational and capital expenditures, that is, running the mine and expanding operations. (This is not unrealistic: margins in the sector are not very high most of the time.)

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Authors’ illustration

Lombe, 2020

If more of this were spent within the country rather than being sent abroad to import the majority of goods and services, it could contribute to business opportunities for Zambian companies and high-paying jobs for Zambian workers. In 2012, the costs of goods and services consumed 'upstream' by the Zambian mining sector was valued at US$2.5 billion annually (shorturl.at/besSU). Spending more of that domestically would have a much wider impact. It would create income and jobs directly. That income would finance further consumption and investment through the local economy. Non-tax benefits could also emerge from 'sidestream' projects related to mining expenditure. The power, rail and road projects that enable mining activity can provide the backbone to make other economic activities competitive. 'Downstream' linkages are also possible, delivering the mining firms' output to other firms that process it into intermediate goods and final products.

Capturing more of mining’s upstream value chain in Zambia represents a major growth opportunity. One way to make this happen is through a local content strategy that would give a greater role to Zambian suppliers and workers in the mining sector. Another growth opportunity is the sidestream linkages with the electricity generation sector.

non-tax benefits for Zambia?

The chart opposite shows the breakdown of Zambian mining firms’ goods and services expenditure. In 2012, 96% of all service were provided by foreign firms. Only 4% were provided by Zambian-owned firms. These were mostly supplying non-core goods and services such as catering, security and office maintenance. I S S UE 11

mining taxation

We are not suggesting taxation be ignored. Copper reserves over time will run out, or copper will be rendered obsolete by some new technology. A government must generate tax revenue from its mineral resources while it can. Better would be to leave the tax regime in place and instead focus on monitoring and collection.

A governance dividend

Poor governance will be a constraint to achieving any future—tax or non-tax—benefits. This was the case during Zambia’s last boom. But the country is currently reaping a governance dividend with a new investorfriendly president, restored donor confidence and a recently secured deal from the International Monetary Fund (shorturl.at/nvzJ2). The conditions are in place for Zambia to use this boom to generate inclusive development. Twivwe Siwale International Growth Centre

WE GET IT DONE!

BLAZING A TRAIL JOY HLONGWANE'S JOURNEY AS A SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR IN MALE-DOMINATED INDUSTRIES IS A TESTAMENT TO HER DETERMINATION AND COMMITMENT TO EMPOWERING WOMEN

Joy Hlongwane is an independent and innovative entrepreneur who dared to dream big. Her journey into the business world was motivated by the observation of a gap in the supply and demand of various machinery required in sectors such as earthmoving, construction, mining, agriculture, forestry, and materials handling. She owes her success to mentors, partners, and her own determination. Her passion is driven by a desire to inspire other women to pursue their dreams, no matter how intimidating they may seem. She chose to enter traditionally male-dominated fields because she wanted to be a trailblazer for women in these sectors. She recognized the opportunities and gaps in these industries, and her goal was to challenge the status quo. As a black woman, she had to overcome obstacles related to securing capital, funding, and tender opportunities. The challenges were daunting,

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but her determination and resilience have propelled her forward. “It was overwhelming at first, but it gets better with practice,” says Joy. Empowering and uplifting women, especially those from previously disadvantaged backgrounds, is a central part of Joy Hlongwane's mission. She understands the financial strain many women face and believes that financial freedom can provide stability and reliability. “I will create jobs and lead the way for aspiring black women and youth of South Africa.” One of the notable corporate social investment projects undertaken by is a three-year mining contracting contract with Overlooked Mine in Mpumalanga. This project demonstrates her commitment to making a positive impact on the KwaNgwane Consulting community and the economy. Service delivery is of utmost importance to Joy and her company. They prioritize customer relations, timely delivery, quality products, well-maintained machinery, and cost-effectiveness. “Clients should choose KwaNgwane Consulting because of its dedication to delivering exceptional service and products, as well as its status as a local manufacturer.” Safety is a top priority in the mining and construction sectors, and KwaNgwane Consulting is committed to achieving "no accidents, no harm to people." They prioritize safety measures such as providing the best personal protective gear, maintaining machinery diligently, and taking all necessary precautions to prevent accidents and harm. Ethical business principles are crucial to her and her company, especially in the context of government contracts and tender processes. Maintaining ethical practices is essential for securing government support and staying competitive in the industry. This commitment to ethical conduct ensures that KwaNgwane Consulting can continue to thrive in its mission to provide top-notch services and products.

oil & gas

BIGGER ROLE Four strategies for enhancing SME participation in the Angolan oil and gas sector

ngola’s hydrocarbon market has experienced remarkable growth since the initial discovery of oil and gas in 1955, emerging as the biggest oil producer in Africa in 2023. While much of the industry has been largely dominated by global energy majors such as ExxonMobil, Azule Energy, Chevron and TotalEnergies—which celebrates 70 years of active participation in the country this year—working in close collaboration with the government, the future of the industry and its contribution to the economy will largely depend on the participation of small to medium enterprises (SMEs). A traditionally underestimated corporate group, SMEs bring to the sector fresh perspectives, innovation and diversification, while in turn deliver newfound economic contributions through job creation, supply chain development and market growth. Introducing new ideas, business models and practices, SMEs foster a more dynamic and competitive

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market environment. As Angola targets increased exploration & production activities in 2023 and beyond, several strategies can be deployed to advance the participation of SMEs across the evolving oil and gas industry:

Advancing capacity building and partnerships Leveraging the already strong presence of global energy

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majors in Angola, advancing local content through capacitybuilding initiatives would not only strengthen the development of domestic capabilities but drive partnerships and collaboration across the industry. Programmes that focus on enhancing the technical, managerial and operational skills of oil and gas players can not only improve SME understanding of industry best practices, regulatory compliance, safety standards and project management, but empower these organisations to operate more efficiently.

A company founded in 2021 to provide independent and balanced advisory A company founded in 2021 tomining provideindustry independent and all balanced advisory and consulting services to the including stakeholders affected and consulting services to the mining industry including all stakeholders by mining operations to ensure inclusive growth in line with the objectivesaffected bythe mining operations to ensure inclusiveDevelopment growth in lineAct with the objectives of Mineral and Petroleum Resources (MPRDA). of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (MPRDA). Our pursuit is driven by commitment to deliver our promises to our clients by operating Our pursuit is driven bywith commitment deliver our promises our clients operating responsibly, executing excellence,towell informed and fair to advisory and by consulting services. responsibly, executing with excellence, well informed and fair advisory and consulting services. Providing solutions that are based on research and innovative ideas to take advantage of Providing solutions that are based onwithin research and innovative opportunities for sustainable growth the mining industry.ideas to take advantage of opportunities for sustainable growth within the mining industry. The founder and CEO Mr Sunday Mabaso draws experience from 20 years of service in the The founder and CEO Mr Sunday Mabaso draws experience fromyears 20 years of service the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy in which for seven he served as ainRegional Department of Mineral Resources and Energy in which for seven years he served as a Regional Manager (3 years in Northern Cape and 4 years in Gauteng). Manager (3 has years in Northern Cape and 4 yearsin inmining Gauteng). The founder acquired various qualifications and including an MBA Degree from The founder has School, acquired various qualifications mining and including an MBA Degree from Milpark Business GDE: Mining Engineeringinand a Post Graduate Certificate: Climate Change and Milpark Business School, GDE: Mining Engineering and a Post Graduate Certificate: Climate Change and Energy Law from the University of Witwatersrand and a certificate in Energy Efficiency and Sustainability Energy Law from the University of Witwatersrand and a certificate in Energy Efficiency and Sustainability from the University of Cape Town, and a certificate in Mine Closure & Rehabilitation from University of Pretoria. from the University of Cape Town, and a certificate in Mine Closure & Rehabilitation from University of Pretoria.

www.vahlengweadvisory.co.za www.vahlengweadvisory.co.za

oil & gas

Creating robust Strengthening regulatory investment frameworks incentives and access to finance Investment incentives in Angola’s oil and gas sector provide tangible benefits to SMEs, enabling them to overcome financial barriers, compete with larger corporations while driving innovation and project development. Through the implementation of attractive fiscal policies, introduction of incentives such as tax breaks and exemptions, and ongoing regulatory support, the government can create a more conducive environment for SME participation. Meanwhile, by improving access to finance for SMEs through the availability of loans, credit infrastructure and guarantees, the government will lower the cost of doing business, reduce financial obligations and address barriers to entry, therefore enabling SMEs to allocate resources more effectively, generate higher returns on investment while fostering fair competition and a diverse market.

The Angolan Government has made significant strides toward enhancing its regulatory framework, ensuring transparency, stability and a level playing field for all participants. Clear and predictable regulations provide confidence to SMEs, encouraging them to engage in the market by taking risks and seizing opportunities. Regulations such as the Private Investment Law of 2018 (shorturl.at/oBIT7) establish the general principles and basis of private investment in Angola while amendments to the Hydrocarbon Law improve procedural certainty. Under the October 2020– implemented Legal Framework for the Promotion of Local Content (shorturl.at/xzJ78), the Angolan government outlines, among other provisions, requirements for the supply of goods and services to the oil and gas industry, identifying strategic opportunities for SMEs such as refining, petrochemicals, manufacturing, transportation, services and logistics. With the aim

INVESTMENT INCENTIVES IN ANGOLA’S OIL AND GAS SECTOR PROVIDE TANGIBLE BENEFITS TO SMES

AFRICAN MINI N G N EWS

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to retain at least 10% of the value of goods and services in-country, the framework has opened up lucrative opportunities for SMEs active in the market.

Improving market access and opportunity Improving market access for SMEs will not only promote inclusivity across the oil and gas industry (shorturl.at/gmDHK) but stimulate economic growth, competition and innovation while diversifying and encouraging local value addition across the market. Platforms that foster collaboration, awareness and networking represent key avenues for advancing market access and SME participation. On the back of local content, regulatory certainty and improved access to both financing and market opportunities, SMEs stand to play a much larger role in advancing the Angolan oil and gas sector. African Energy Chamber energychamber.org

skills

UNEARTHING PEOPLE POWER The Wits SibanyeStillwater Innovation Bridge represents an enduring investment in human capital and future engineering skills

its University and Sibanye-Stillwater launched the newly refurbished and rebranded Wits Sibanye-Stillwater Innovation Bridge, a Wits Centenary Project (wits100.wits.ac.za) funded by Sibanye-Stillwater. The launch in July 2023 was accompanied by an additional commitment of R51 million from Sibanye-Stillwater to Wits for study bursaries, learnerships within the group’s mining operations, graduate internship programmes, and staff development within the Wits Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment (FEBE). The refurbished Innovation Bridge is both a symbol of the past and a gateway to the future. It represents shared value and a strengthening of the partnership forged in 2014, for good. The launch comes at an opportune time, as Wits celebrated its centenary in 2022 and SibanyeStillwater celebrates 10 years in 2023.

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skills

Shared value, for good

Since 2014, Sibanye-Stillwater has enabled more than 500 students to study at Wits by providing bursaries and allowances amounting to R19.4 million. In addition, the group has contributed R68.5 million in funding for the DigiMine, with a further R5.5 million committed for 2023, and has donated R50 million worth of technical equipment to the FEBE. “The Sibanye-Stillwater Wits partnership symbolises the fusion of industry and academia, as we join forces to shape the future of mining and create a lasting positive impact on our planet. It is a commitment to the shared values of excellence, integrity and collaboration,” says Neal Froneman, CEO of Sibanye-Stillwater.

others—has enabled faculty and professional staff to teach and operate in an environment conducive to producing academically excellent staff and students who meet, and exceed, industry requirements. Professor Thokozani Majozi, dean of the FEBE, says: “Wits and Sibanye-Stillwater have walked the research and development path together. These donations and investments have not only contributed to the world-class infrastructure and academic facilities at Wits but also have enabled many learners from diverse backgrounds to pursue careers in mining and engineering. This ensures academia maintains a pipeline of academically excellent researchers, postdoctoral academics and professionals who are fit-for-purpose in the industry.”

Unearthing people ‘Innovation spine’ power Over the years, the partnership has funded scholarships, bursaries and postdoctoral fellowships for more than 500 students toward careers and a future in the mining industry and beyond. Similarly, staff development in the FEBE—which houses the School of Mining Engineering, the Wits Mining Institute, and the SibanyeStillwater DigiMine, among

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The Innovation Bridge refurbishment aligns with Wits’ strategy to develop an ‘innovation spine’: geographic locations where brilliant minds unite to create impactful solutions across all disciplines. This emerging topographical landscape spans Wits campuses, Braamfontein and Parktown to connect innovation hubs across mining, healthcare and tech sectors, among others.

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The ‘outer spine’ traverses the Wits’ Digital Innovation Precinct, named Tshimologong, as well as fintech and health tech hubs. The ‘inner spine’ links the Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform, multiple Wits engineering schools, and the revamped Geosciences building. It crosses the Innovation Bridge— which links Wits’ East and West campuses—and arcs through the FEBE building and the Wits Mining Institute, the DigiMine, the Tika FabLab, the Telkom Industry Solutions Lab, and the Wits Innovation Centre, home to the David and Angela Fine Chair in Innovation. “Innovation is what drives us forward and we have a responsibility to enable a space to create, collaborate and engage in impactful innovation across disciplines and sectoral boundaries. We must use our knowledge for the advancement of our community, city, country, continent and the globe to produce outputs—both tangible and intangible—for the benefit of humanity, for good,” says Professor Zeblon Vilakazi, Wits vice-chancellor and principal. This alliance symbolises the fusion of industry and academia to shape the future of mining and create a lasting positive impact on our planet.

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• Anchors & related • Anchors & related strata control products strata control products • Anchors & related • Stressing equipment strata control products • Stressing equipment • Mining consumables • Stressing equipment • Mining consumables • Grout equipment • Mining consumables • Grout equipment

TOTAL SUPPORT SOLUTIONS TOTAL SUPPORT SOLUTIONS Founded in 1996, Fabchem Mining (Pty) Ltd. specialises in support technology that is at the core of making underground Founded inTOTAL 1996, Fabchem Mining (Pty) Ltd. specialises in SUPPORT SOLUTIONS mining safer. support technology that is at the core of making underground mining safer. Fabchem is 1996, a leading manufacturer and Ltd. supplier of strata Founded in Fabchem Mining (Pty) specialises in control products and solutions to both the mining and civil support technology that is at the core of making underground Fabchem is a leading manufacturer and supplier of strata industries. mining control products and solutions to both the mining andsafer. civil industries. As a technology leader,manufacturer Fabchem holds several patents over Fabchem is a leading and supplier of strata some very innovative products. control productsleader, and solutions toholds both the mining andover civil As a technology Fabchem several patents industries. some very innovative products. As a technology leader, Fabchem holds several patents over some very innovative products.

• Portable drilling • Grout equipment • Portable drilling equipment equipment • Portable drilling • Drilling consumables equipment • Drilling consumables

FAB500L Lightest Stressing Jack

Drill bits, Rods & Adaptors

FAB500L Lightest Stressing Jack

Drill bits, Rods & Adaptors

SCAN TO DOWNLOAD • Drilling consumables

FAB500L Lightest Stressing Jack

Drill bits, Rods & Adaptors

GDT100 Grout Detector & Sensors

Mechanical Threaded Anchor

The 38ton TWEA yielding tendon is used underground to support areas prone to seismic activities. The yielding anchor consists of a yielding 38TON TWEA YIELDING ANCHOR arrangement at the top-end of the anchor and standard 38t Fabchem Absolute Anchor components: 18mm strand, a square plate, a barrel

GDT100 Grout Detector & Sensors

Mechanical Threaded Anchor

GDT100 Grout Detector & Sensors

Mechanical Threaded Anchor

SCAN TO DOWNLOAD

PRODUCT BROCHURE 38TON TWEA YIELDING ANCHOR

PRODUCT BROCHURE

and wedge, a cone, a grout pipe (feeder), a breather pipe, a 3-holed gasket sponge, a swivel load indicator and a four-part expansion shell. The 38ton TWEA yielding tendon is used underground to support areas prone to seismic activities. The yielding anchor consists of a yielding arrangement at the top-end of the anchor and standard 38t Fabchem Absolute Anchor components: 18mm strand, a square plate, a barrel and wedge, a cone, a grout pipe (feeder), a breather pipe, a 3-holed gasket sponge, a swivel load indicator and a four-part expansion shell.

PRODUCT BROCHURE

SPECIFICATIONS 38TON TWEA YIELDING ANCHOR

Hole sizes: 45mm SPECIFICATIONS The 38ton TWEA yielding tendon is used underground to support areas prone to seismic activities. The yielding anchor consists of a yielding Product weight: 11kg’s

arrangement at the top-end of the anchor and standard 38t Fabchem Absolute Anchor components: 18mm strand, a square plate, a barrel and wedge, a cone, a grout pipe (feeder), a breather pipe, a 3-holed gasket sponge, a swivel load indicator and a four-part expansion shell. FORGED Hole sizes:SQUARE 45mm PLATE & GASKET: Size: 150mm x 150mm, Product weight: 11kg’s 1.8kg’s Max load: 380kN 3 Holed sponge gasket, Outside diameter: 125mm, 100mm thick FORGED SQUARE PLATE & GASKET:

SPECIFICATIONS Size: 150mm x 150mm, 1.8kg’s Max load: 380kN EXPANSION SHELL & Outside CONE: diameter: 125mm, 100mm thick 3 Holed sponge gasket, 4 leaf,sizes: thickness of leaf: 8mm Hole 45mm Product diameter: weight: 11kg’s Outside 38mm EXPANSION SHELL & CONE: SQUARE PLATE 4FORGED leaf, thickness of leaf: 8mm& GASKET: Size: 150mm x 150mm, 1.8kg’s Outside diameter: BREATHER PIPE:38mm Max load: 380kN OD/ID: 3 Holed14/12mm sponge gasket, Outside diameter: 125mm, 100mm thick White pipe: 4.8m anchor BREATHER PIPE: Red pipe: 6.8m anchor EXPANSION SHELL & CONE: OD/ID: 14/12mm Black pipe: 8.8m anchor 4 leaf,pipe: thickness leaf: 8mm White 4.8m of anchor Outside 38mm Red pipe:diameter: 6.8m anchor

www.fabchem.co.za sales@fabchem.co.za www.fabchem.co.za +27 (0)11 817 2290 sales@fabchem.co.za www.fabchem.co.za Black pipe: 8.8m anchor GROUT PIPE: OD/ID: 20/17mm BREATHER PIPE: Standard length: 0.6m / 1.2m OD/ID: 14/12mm GROUT PIPE: White pipe: 4.8m anchor OD/ID: 20/17mm Red pipe: 6.8m anchor SOLID PVL BARREL& WEDGE: Standard length: 0.6m / 1.2m Outside diameter: 45mm Black pipe: 8.8m anchor Wedges: 38Ton, 5degree PLV wedges SOLID PVL BARREL& WEDGE: Outside 45mm GROUTdiameter: PIPE: DEBONDING ARRANGEMENT: Wedges: 38Ton, 5degree PLV wedges OD/ID: 20/17mm

Before Yielding

After Yielding

Before Yielding

After Yielding

TWEA Yielding Anchor

SPT100 Smart Pull Tester

TWEA Yielding Anchor

SPT100 Smart Pull Tester

TWEA Yielding Anchor

SPT100 Smart Pull Tester

Before Yielding

After Yielding

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Welcome to the world of Probe Mining Group of Companies, a proud member of the Probe Group. We specialize in offering a comprehensive range of cutting-edge technologies tailored for the mining industry. Our core focus lies in providing Safety and Productivity solutions that revolutionize the mining landscape. With our end-to-end Digital Mine Operation Solutions, we empower mines with enhanced digital design and data analysis capabilities. Our integrated offerings encompass Operation Level 9 Collision Awareness or Collision Prevention Systems, bespoke safety solutions, air quality and gas monitoring, comprehensive alternative energy solutions, as well as specialized solutions for industrial, air, and power requirements. Additionally, we offer auto-electrical field services, off-highway vehicle (OHV) batteries, spares, parts, and expertise in Komatsu drive systems, OEM harness manufacturing, and electric vehicle conversions. INTEGRATED MINING TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS Probe IMT (Integrated Mining Technology) represents our dedication to providing integrated solutions and transformative processes for the mining sector. By investing in state-of-the-art technologies, we deliver secure and innovative solutions such as uptime and remote monitoring, enabling more efficient and accurate mining operations. Leveraging the potential of Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and cloud computing, we empower mines to address resource challenges and environmental pressures. Our intelligent systems combine cutting-edge technology, skilled personnel, and streamlined processes to facilitate feedback loops, thereby defining an organization’s competitiveness and shaping the industry landscape. We collaborate closely with our customers to design and manufacture tailor-made solutions that address challenges in the mining, construction, agriculture, marine, and industrial sectors. INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS Under our Industrial Technologies portfolio, we drive efficient industrial operations by providing high-quality air and power solutions. Our range of screw and reciprocating piston compressors ensures optimal performance while delivering substantial energy-saving benefits. We offer industry-leading power transmission products, including SITI gearboxes, electric motors, Eaton Airflex, and Nexen industrial pneumatic clutch and brake solutions. Partnering with a material handling company, we have expanded our offerings to include electrical forklifts and EV technology, along with associated charging systems. Additionally, we offer a diverse range of batteries to support the material handling segment.

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international

MASSIVE

BOON A huge phosphate discovery in Norway could fully charge the electric vehicle industry

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I S S UE 11

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ith geologists hunting high and low for battery materials, an enormous new discovery of phosphate rock could have huge implications for the electric vehicle (EV) industry. The reserves, discovered in Rogaland in southwest Norway by Anglo-Norwegian firm Norge Mining, are equivalent to at least 70 billion tonnes (shorturl.at/ yAGHU). This is very close to the 71 billion tonnes of world reserves that we already knew about (shorturl.at/hLMZ6). Phosphate is one of the key materials used in one type of lithium-ion battery, known as LFP, and demand for these batteries— and the underlying phosphate—is growing fast (shorturl.at/lrKO8). It is therefore a very big deal that some commentators have suggested this new deposit could meet the world’s phosphate rock needs for the next half a century (shorturl.at/klLZ8). Until this discovery, just five countries controlled 85% of global reserves (shorturl.at/QYZ28), with 70% in Morocco alone. For now, though, it is China that mines the most phosphate rock, producing 85 million tonnes in 2021, with Morocco the next at 38 million tonnes (shorturl.at/yAGHU). This uneven distribution is a particular worry for those countries and regions that have missed out, as phosphate rock is considered a critical material. Critical materials are elements that are economically important, but are at risk of sudden supply disruptions or generally being in short supply. The element phosphorus (phosphate is its naturally occurring form) is on the European critical materials list (shorturl.at/ wEHS7).

Food versus cars

The new discovery could avoid a looming conflict between farming and EVs over scarce phosphate, perhaps with echoes of the 'food vs

AFRICAN MIN I N G N EWS

PHOSPHATE IS ONE OF THE KEY MATERIALS USED IN ONE TYPE OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERY, KNOWN AS LFP, AND DEMAND FOR THESE BATTERIES IS GROWING FAST fuel' dilemma as biofuels compete for agricultural land (shorturl.at/ ehMV5). Currently, about 90% of phosphate production goes into agricultural fertilisers (phosphorus is the 'P' in NPK fertilisers). The transport industry has to be more picky: Only 10% of phosphorus found in sedimentary rock is suitable to make the highpurity phosphoric acid used in those LFP car batteries (shorturl.at/ tvJY2). Perhaps the new Norway reserves will mean both can have as much as they need. Previously, there had been a greater focus on other ways to manufacture lithium-ion

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batteries, involving nickel and other materials such as cobalt, manganese or aluminium. These batteries store more energy at the same weight. However, they are themselves dependent on other critical elements; cobalt, for instance, is mostly found in the Democratic Republic of Congo (shorturl.at/ gpzDR). In comparison, the materials used to produce LFP batteries are relatively cheap and abundant; some in the industry have jokingly referred to them as “rust and fertiliser” batteries. Elon Musk has said his company Tesla plans to

Pierre Roux, the founder of Amoref, is a true trailblazer in the world of business. He transitioned from a directorial role at a previous company to become a pioneer in small and medium-scale designs within the mining industry, showcasing his entrepreneurial spirit and innovative mindset. His journey began with a bold decision to leave his directorial position, leading him on a transformative path that would revolutionize small and medium-scale mining. Pierre's venture into small and medium-scale designs immediately captured the attention of investors in the mining sector who were seeking fresh approaches in an industry often perceived as traditional. What distinguished Pierre was his acute awareness of the substantial challenges faced by those aspiring to establish their mines. Launching a mine, whether on a small or medium scale, involves navigating complex legal procedures, tapping into specialized engineering knowledge, and utilizing geological surveys to identify optimal mineral locations. Additionally, it requires assembling field service teams, efficient plant management, and comprehensive staff training for operating robust mining equipment. In response to these challenges, Pierre Roux introduced a ground-breaking solution: a comprehensive, end-to-end in-house service that streamlines the entire mining process. This innovative approach enables new mining ventures, even those without prior mining experience, to leverage the industry's knowledge and expertise.

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shift more of its vehicle production to LFP batteries, which offer suitable performance for mediumrange EVs and stationary storage over time (shorturl.at/ijB38). They are also generally regarded as safer (shorturl.at/ jpqsD), they charge quickly and, unlike their rivals, they can be charged to 100% without losing any lifetime (shorturl.at/hO349). While the material used in LFP batteries does not perform quite as well (in terms of storage per weight) as nickel-based batteries, carmakers have tried to circumvent the problem by making the other components of the battery lighter. This could also help make these batteries more recyclable (shorturl.at/MRUX5). But herein lies another challenge for LFP batteries:

AFRICAN MINI N G N EWS

Because the materials used to make them are that much cheaper, there is less value to recover at the end-of-life for recyclers, which makes the economics of recycling them more of a challenge (shorturl.at/ipyS1). The International Energy Agency has said LFP type batteries are used in 30% of the world’s new EVs, and nearly all of this 30% is made in China (shorturl.at/duzA6). The market for LFP batteries is forecast to grow from US$10 billion to US$50 billion in the period 2021– 2028 (shorturl.at/iuFTX). In this context, the discovery in Norway is potentially a massive boon for European automakers, as one of the key battery materials may now be located on their doorstep. That said, it is always a long journey from discovery of a I S S UE 11

resource to production, finding the resource represents the foot of the mountain. While the discovery is welcome, much must be done to mobilise this resource for the benefit of the battery industry. If further exploration provides favourable results, Norway plans to fast-track the mine with an estimated opening date of 2028 (shorturl.at/aQSZ0). So maybe some time in the next decade, you may enjoy your first trip in an electric car whose energy storage is enabled by Norwegian phosphate. Gavin DJ Harper Research Fellow Birmingham Centre for Strategic Elements & Critical Materials University of Birmingham

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .....

20 YEARS

regulatory

A CHANGING MINING LANDSCAPE The South African Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act Review Summit aimed to address the potential and current regulatory challenges, while imploring best practices and initiatives

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TORQUE AFRICA GROUP TORQUE AFRICA GROUP WE ARE THE DRILLING MASTERS WE ARE THE DRILLING MASTERS

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ABOUT OUR SERVICES ABOUT OUR SERVICES

Torque Africa Group provides professional drilling services to private individuals from residential to Torque Africa Group provides professional drilling agricultural, independent and major companies services to private individuals from residential toin the mining and energy sector. and major companies in the agricultural, independent mining and energy sector.

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regulatory

he Department of Mineral Resources and Energy (DMRE) hosted a two-day Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (MPRDA) Review Summit in July 2023. The MPRDA Summit was a multi-stakeholder platform to identify strategies for determining the future regulatory regime for the South African mining industry. It reflected on the status of implementation of the MPRDA since its promulgation, and endeavoured to address the potential and current regulatory challenges, while imploring best practices and initiatives that would inform the review of the MPRDA and the Mining Charter. The following are (abridged) remarks by the Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy, Gwede Mantashe, from the summit: "Ours is a mining industry that spans over a century. Throughout these years, the sector made an immense contribution to the country’s economic development. The mining industry had adopted the pit-to-port approach, where raw minerals would be mined and transported to the ports

for exportation. The working and living conditions of the mineworkers and communities were disregarded in favour of profits. The 1994 democratic breakthrough reignited hope for the people of South Africa, who went on to entrust the democratic government with the responsibility to redress the historical injustices of apartheid and grow our economy. The democratic government introduced the new dispensation founded on the values of our democratic constitution through the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act of 2002. At the centre of this regulatory framework was the need to address the basic human rights of the people as enshrined in the Constitution, in particular mineworkers and communities. The MPRDA bestowed the ownership of minerals beneath the South African soil under the custodianship of the state on behalf of the people as a whole. Another great shift in the regulatory regime was the introduction of the Mining Charter in 2004 to effect socio-economic transformation in the mining

THE MPRDA BESTOWED THE OWNERSHIP OF MINERALS BENEATH THE SOUTH AFRICAN SOIL UNDER THE CUSTODIANSHIP OF THE STATE ON BEHALF OF THE PEOPLE AS A WHOLE.

AFRICAN MIN I N G N EWS

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industry. The government intended to expand opportunities for historically disadvantaged South Africans to enter and actively participate in the industry. It is regrettable that, 20 years after the enactment of the MPRDA, the industry has not fully embraced these regulatory instruments. Notwithstanding, the government is heartened by the improvements in the working and living conditions of mineworkers and communities as compared to the years preceding this regulatory shift. The reviewed Mining Charter has made even bigger strides by ushering in 10% free-carried shareholding for the workers and communities. Another milestone is the recognition of women in the industry who were previously not allowed to work in the mines. It is also heartening to note the industry is beginning to deliver impactful projects in communities as part of their social licence to coexist with communities. The health and safety of mineworkers is yet another important aspect of the work we must prioritise. DMRE remains relentless in its noble cause of transforming the industry and economy. There is no reason the development of these resources cannot embrace the notion of 'shared value' from which all stakeholders can sustainably benefit. The government developed the Upstream Petroleum Resources Development Bill to separate petroleum provisions from the MPRDA. Key to this regulatory shift is the need to accelerate exploration and production of petroleum resources, ensure an inclusive upstream sector, and provide much-needed legislative and regulatory certainty. The South African mining industry remains a sunrise industry that provides impetus for the development of various sectors of our economy, while playing a critical role in the country’s endeavours to significantly reduce poverty and eliminate unemployment and inequality."

FOR OVER A CENTURY WE HAVE RESHAPED VALUE RESPONSIBLY When it comes to gold, provenance, quality and sustainability go hand-in-hand. Which is why we are always evolving how we source our metal – from extraction to beneficiation - to ensure that we embrace legal, humanitarian and sustainability principles. We meet the highest standards, and then work to exceed them. That way, we don’t only preserve our business, we preserve our industry and our planet.

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human rights

WHEN MOTHERS ARE STRUGGLING, CHILDREN STEP IN TO HELP Efforts to eliminate child labour in cobalt supply chains need to address root causes—or risk further jeopardising children’s safety and well-being

AFRICAN MIN I N G N EWS

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human rights

ew research by IMPACT (www.ImpactTransform. org) reveals how poverty is a driving force behind child labour in the Democratic Republic of Congo’s (DRC) artisanal cobalt mines. Among rising costs, families are struggling to make ends meet. Many are going hungry. Children work when families get desperate, leading to a reliance on income from child labour to cover basic needs like food, clothing or school fees. In its latest research report, “How Households Depend on Children’s Income: The Case for Improving Women’s Livelihoods to Eliminate Child Labour in Democratic Republic of Congo’s Cobalt Sector” (shorturl.at/gDNSY), IMPACT has found that families depend most on women’s income. When mothers are struggling, children step in to help. Some are encouraged by their parents, or independently follow their siblings, friends and neighbours. Accompanying the report is a multimedia feature, Meet Gloria (MeetGloria.ImpactTransform. org), which shares the story of an artisanal cobalt miner in DRC who works alongside her children. “Children’s health, safety and well-being needs to be a priority. We need to ensure efforts to address child labour in the cobalt supply chain don’t displace children to other mine sites or more precarious situations, but address the underlying reasons for their work,” says Joanne Lebert, IMPACT’s executive director. Cobalt is widely used in batteries for electronics including electric vehicles. Demand for the mineral is surging, as it has become critical in the clean energy transition. More than 70% of cobalt is sourced from the DRC, with an estimated 30% by artisanal miners. Artisanal cobalt mining provides the highest income in the area for children and other community members, with children earning up to US$2.50 each per day. Children usually give

AFRICAN MINI N G N EWS

“WE NEED TO INVEST IN WOMEN A R T I S A N A L C O B A LT M I N E R S T O ENSURE THEY CAN PROVIDE FOR THEIR FAMILIES” their earnings to their mothers, who use it for basic household necessities like food. Despite a government promise for free education, parents must pay fees to cover teacher salaries and school operating costs. When young children are expelled from school for not paying these fees, mothers are forced to deal with a lack of available and safe childcare options. Unable to leave their young children at home by themselves, they bring them to the mine site. “We heard from many mothers they wished for a different life for their children, but they felt backed into a corner. Artisanal cobalt mining has the potential to spur economic development for the DRC and its communities. But we need to invest in women artisanal cobalt miners to ensure they can provide for their families and deliver on this potential,” says Lebert. Just like for their children, artisanal cobalt mining is the preferred income for women in the area. Women choose mining, as it is the highest earning job in the region; they have cash at the end of each day; and it requires no investment, little training or skill. I S S UE 11

But inequality at the mine sites is prevalent. Women take on the lowest paid roles such as washing ore, and report being cheated on price when selling their minerals, or even prevented from accessing some mine sites. IMPACT found that if children’s income is paying for family needs like food, then as a first step to tackle child labour, the income of the main breadwinners—the women—needs to increase. Women across the artisanal cobalt mining sector need: • Skills and tools to take on higher paid roles within mine sites; • Support toward fair pricing, health and safety measures, and community savings; • Voices in decision-making within their homes, mine sites and communities; and • Access to women-led organisations (co-operatives or mining associations). IMPACT is calling on investment into locally women-led programmes as essential complementary measures to responsible sourcing projects in cobalt.

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CONTROL ESAB's InduSuite WeldCloud is the complete digital workflow solution for fabricators

CUTCLOUD CUTTING SOFTWARE. A premier cutting software platform that lets you record, measure, and control your cutting operations with real-time data monitoring. BE MORE PRODUCTIVE WITH SUPERIOR WEB-BASED CUTTING MANAGEMENT. CutCloud’s web-based reporting provides up-to-the-second status information that highlights production and quality concerns to maximise cutting quality and productivity – all while using minimal computing resources and requiring no ongoing maintenance or support. It is easy to install, use, and maintain. CutCloud’s real-time information can be accessed from any web-enabled device.

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Advanced production and quality reporting

Customisable reports and scalable functionality

Fast and reliable data recording and data transfer

Real-time monitoring

Customised software to automate your workflow

SAB is a world leader in welding and cutting equipment and consumables. Its collective vision is to transform the industry and meet customers’ needs through its diverse portfolio of products. One of these portfolios is the InduSuite WeldCloud: ESAB’s collection of digital solutions for enhanced weld quality and productivity, reduced downtime, and simpler automatic process documentation. InduSuite was developed to help customers improve efficiency and weld quality at every step of the fabrication process, from plate to finished product. In countries across the world, the software is being used with ESAB and nonESAB welding equipment to improve performance: An Italian manufacturer of agricultural equipment has gained 6 000 additional hours of welding time; a Finnish manufacturer of mining equipment increased arc-on time to 20%; and a Brazilian petrochemical giant has saved thousands of hours of engineering time while improving weld quality. InduSuite solutions include WeldCloud Productivity, WeldCloud Fleet and WeldCloud Notes. These

MONITOR FROM ANYWHERE

PREDICT MAINTENANCE

IMPROVE YOUR CUTTING OPERATIONS

IN COUNTRIES ACROSS THE WORLD, THE SOFTWARE IS BEING USED WITH ESAB AND NONESAB WELDING EQUIPMENT TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE apps help users: • raise welding quality by developing and ensuring compliance with procedures, standards and regulations; • raise productivity by tracking and analysing welder

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productivity, quality and consumables usage; • maintain fleet equipment in optimal working condition through machine health monitoring; and • assure welder accountability and oversight by tracking key welding and cutting progress. “We can offer solutions for fabricators from small workshops with a few welding machines to large companies with fleets of equipment on multiple sites,” says Keith Saunders, product manager for ESAB South Africa. “WeldCloud software can be downloaded and run on a laptop, tablet, smartphone or any device with a Wi-Fi connection and a web browser.” He continues, “It enables supervisors to see production rates, arc-on time, wire usage and a host of other welding parameters more easily than ever before. The data gets downloaded onto a supervisor’s device, who can immediately see what all the machines are doing; how many welds are being completed; whether they have been done according to the welding procedure specification, and much more.” All ESAB’s digital power sources come with the data collection and Wi-Fi capability pre-installed. For non-ESAB machines, though, a wide variety of sensors can be selected to suit the application. These connect to a Wi-Fi box, and the package can be fitted by any welder within five minutes. Once the Wi-Fi is connected, the welding data can start to be collected and sent for analysis. “So it doesn't matter how old the welding machines being used are, or if a fabricator has a mix of brands—the same data can be collected and the quality can be raised across the organisation. “In the long run, we are sure it will be a successful tool because people will see the returns in their welding and cutting shops, via efficiency and productivity gains, are well worth the investment.”

UNRIVALED SERVICE AND SUPPORT. WeldCloud, like every ESAB product, is backed by our commitment to superior customer service and support. Our skilled customer service department is prepared to quickly answer any questions, address problems, and help with maintenance and upgrading of your machines. Our products are backed with the most comprehensive warranty in the business. With WeldCloud, you can be sure that you purchased a platform that will meet your needs today and in the future. Product and process training is also available. Ask your ESAB sales representative or distributor for a complete ESAB solution. For more information, visit esab.com/weldcloud.

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