VOLUME 1, ISSUE 1, January 30, 2015
Aviation Jamaica A Publication of the Caribbean Aerospace College
A Greenfield...
Inside this issue:
Inside Story Inside Story Inside Story Inside Story Inside Story Inside Story Inside Story
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About Aviation Jamaica (AVJA) AVJA is a coming together of Jamaica’s aviation industry in a practical way to look at current and possible issues and opportunities . It also focuses on giving students and individuals who aspire to a career in the field of aviation, a deeper understanding of the industry beyond becoming a pilot or flight attendant. Aviation is a vast field one which we will explore through different articles from both students and established professionals in the field. AVJA was born from the Caribbean Aerospace College’s research program and will use this platform to teach others as well as to give our students industry exposure. We welcome various participants in the industry to share their knowledge and experiences with us. If you are interested, email inquiries to admin@caribbeanaerospacecollege.com or call us a 758-0786. We look forward to hearing from you. Issue Dates January 30, 2015 April 30, 2015 July 31, 2015 October 30, 2015
Articles In This Issue: Managing Emissions in Today’s Aviation World (Pages 9-10) Leroy E Lindsay is an industry professional. He has been a flight Dispatcher and Senior Operations Manager at Air Jamaica, a Senior Manager Network Control at Emirates Airline, the Fleet Manager for the Emirates Airbus Fleet in Dubai, a Senior Associate at Flight-Star Management Solutions, a Senior Aviation Consultant for IATA, a former Director General of Civil Aviation in Jamaica, and now an Independent Aviation Consultant & Executive Director, Baymac ManagePhoto: Leroy Lindsay ment Services Ltd.
An MRO in Vernam Field ( Pages 4-7) “The establishment of an aircraft Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) centre in Jamaica will have numerous benefits. Notably, there will be development in the aviation industry, leading to airports catering to larger planes, more air service organizations and increased air traffic. Apart from the improved infrastructure, there will be increased employment opportunities.” This was a research paper prepared by Jamar Hamilton during his second year of study at the Caribbean Aerospace College.
Photo: Jamar Hamilton
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From the Editor Much has been said about the proposed logistics hub and its potential for job creation and development. However, without a strategic focus for specific industries the full potential for growth and development will remain distant and unattainable. In this issue, we will focus on some of the implications that this hub could have on Jamaica’s aviation industry. So many opportunities have been put forward as to how this will benefit Jamaica. However, there is yet to be a tangible movement of how aviation will benefit from the upcoming hub. Given the size of the aviation industry in Jamaica, there needs to be an amalgamation of efforts from all operators to make this dream a reality. Questions that need to be answered are many. Is there a system in place to maximize the development after it is completed? For example, determination must be made as to where the required aircraft maintenance engineers or other technical personnel will come from should the dream of an MRO facility in Vernam Field become a reality. If it is that Jamaica would have to import personnel for these technical roles, then much of the well needed foreign exchange will end up leaving the isArticles In This Issue: land. There is much to speak about on this topic which we plan to explore in detail throughout issues 14 of this volume. Stay tuned. -Kerry-Ann Barrett Managing Emissions in Today’s Aviation World (Pages 7-8) Leroy E Lindsay is an industry professional. He has been a flight Dispatcher and Senior Operations Manager at Air Jamaica, a Senior Manager Network Control at Emirates Airline, the Fleet Manager for the Emirates Airbus Fleet in Dubai, a Senior Associate at Flight-Star Management Solutions, a Senior Aviation Consultant for IATA, a former Director General of Civil Aviation in Jamaica, and now an Independent Aviation Consultant & Executive Director, Baymac Management Services Ltd.
An MRO in Vernam Field ( Pages 3-5)
Photo: Leroy Lindsay
“The establishment of an aircraft Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) centre in Jamaica will have numerous benefits. Notably, there will be development in the aviation industry, leading to airports catering to larger planes, more air service organizations and increased air traffic. Apart from the improved infrastructure, there will be increased employment opportunities.” This was a research paper prepared by Jamar Hamilton during his second year of study at the Caribbean Aerospace College.
Photo: Jamar Hamilton
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AN MRO In VERNAMFIELD Jamar Hamilton From an occupational perspective, the MRO industry offer several types of jobs including: Powerplant mechanic; Airframe mechanic; Combination Airframe and Powerplant mechanics; and Avionic technicians. These jobs are attractive as the highly skilled mechanics are well paid ranging from “USD $43,000 - $63,000” (Small Business and Technology Development Center, 2002). The Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) industry is a division of the aviation industry and represents a majority of the aircraft maintenance industry. It is concerned with the continued airworthiness of the aircraft and its components by maintenance (preventative and corrective), alteration of aircraft (heavy airframe maintenance), engine overhaul, component maintenance and line maintenance. The establishment of MRO organizations have proved beneficial to several countries worldwide and influenced the research topic: “Benefits of establishing an aircraft Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul centre in Jamaica”. A review of literature has revealed several common impacts and this fosters the research purpose: “To gain insight as to how the establishment of a MRO will impact Jamaica”. In the United States of America (USA), even though battered by the recent economic recession and consequent job cuts, the aviation maintenance industry continued to be a major employer around the country and an important economic contributor. Based on a study conducted by Aeronautical Repair Stat io n Asso ciat io n (ARSA) in 2009 the US civil aviation maintenance industry headcount reached 274,634. The sector contributed some USD $ 39 billion to the USA economy in 2008. Based on the benefits incurred from establishing MRO centres in other countries, the following research questions were asked in order to derive the possible implications for Jamaica: 1. What implications does it have on Jamaica’s economy? 2. What implications does it have on Jamaica’s infrastructure? 3. How does it impact the recently established Caribbean Aerospace College? 4. Does the increased air traffic have consequent impacts on the environment? The research focuses on Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul centres concerned with civil aviation and aims to gain general insight on the possible implications Jamaica faces pending the establishment of a MRO facility. The results analysed are based on the conducted literature review on how MRO centres benefit other countries such as Australia, Singapore and the USA. By comparing the results and applying it to the local scene, the possible impacts were inferred. What implications does it have on Jamaica’s economy? Aerostrategy determined by a study conducted in 2009 that the global Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) market exceeded USD $50 billion in 2008. Continued on page 5….
The island nation of Singapore has positioned itself as the largest MRO centre in the Asia-Pacific region contributing some 25% to the Asian Aerospace industry. The Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) industry is the core activity that forms the foundation of the Singapore Aerospace Industry accounting for 90% of all activity (Thales Technology Centre Singapore, 2009). A lot of Singapore’s success can be attributed to the establishment of the Seletar Aerospace Park. This facility located on 300 hectares of land, incorporates an 1800 metre runway, is dedicated to MRO activities including engine facilities and training campuses.
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AN MRO In VERNAMFIELD Jamar Hamilton MROs,” (Tay, A. 2009) and Jamaica’s ideal geographical position, it stands able to tap into a market that gained the USA USD $39 billion in economic activity in 2008 (Aerostrategy Management Consulting, 2009). Alongside the increased employment created by this new industry there will be an influx of foreign investors by virtue that airframes and engine manufacturers are foreign companies. This will contribute to increased foreign exchange. What implications does it have on Jamaica’s infrastructure? The development of a Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul centre at Vernamfield will lead to increased and better infrastructure especially where aviation and trade is concerned. It will lead to airport development. “Vernamfield offer the only opportunity for us [Jamaica] to build a runway that will be able to take the largest airplanes built in the world equivalent to a small ship” (Henry, M. 2010). This can lead to development of a cluster of aviation industries comparable to the Seletar Aerospace Park in Singapore which provides additional services separate from the MRO facility. The MRO centre should be able to support a wide range of private and commercial aircraft as well as engine overhaul centres and test beds. The development is further boosted by the establishment of aviation training facilities.
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The development of Vernamfield, Clarendon to become a MRO centre holds several benefits for Jamaica’s economy. The facility would also serve as a cargo/ logistics centre that would increase trading capabilities. At a speech on September 11, 2010, Hon. Michael Henry, Minister of Transport (with responsibility for Air Navigation) charged that Jamaica must grasp the opportunity to develop an aerodrome which links sea, air and the repair industry, and I [Michael Henry] trust that the community will recognize that if you have to be relocated, it is a relocation to
How does it impact the recently established Caribbean Aerospace College? The establishment of a MRO facility at Vernamfield and
Smalll MRO Facility
Large MRO Facility
take you to a higher level economically… He explained the training and employment opportunities that would be available in this economic zone especially for the young working class for Aerospace Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul services. Employment will also be needed in the support industries such as: Aircraft leasing; machine shops; ground equipment services; training facilities; paint shops; and ground support staff. With a “widening gap in the region [Car ib bean/ Amer icas] fo r
the establishment of the Caribbean Aerospace College produces a symbiotic relationship. The college will provide training necessary to supply the highly skilled engineers/ technicians needed to work in the MRO centre. On the other hand the MRO facility will provide meaningful employment for the graduates from the college. The MRO facility will offer services in airframe, engine and APU maintenance, aircraft paint shop, engine repair and overhaul, passenger to freighter conversion, interior finishing, avionics upgrade, hangars and aircraft component upgrades. All these areas require highly skilled engineers, mechanics and technicians; part of the college mandate is to satisfy the demand created for skilled workers in the development of Vernamfield. A similar relationship is observed with the Aviation Australia training facility that trains aircraft engineers to meet the need of the Australian aviation Continued on page 7...
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Internal Auditing for Aviation Workshop
This course is specifically designed for aviation professionals based on ISO 9000 principles. The training is competency based and involves actual audit planning, auditing and report writing. Objectives: At the end of this training participants will be able to: Students will become familiar with the key internal auditing Understand the ISO 9000 concept in performing audits Plan and execute an audit Prepare audit reports and document, verify and closeout findings Who should participate: Professionals in the aviation industry that are required to conduct any form of monitoring. For example: maintenance coordinators, program managers, supervisors, etc.
Training Date April 15-17, 2015 9am– 3pm Caribbean Aerospace College Tinson Pen Aerodrome 758-0786 admin@caribbeanaerospacecollege.com
US $250 per participant
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AN MRO In VERNAMFIELD by Jamar Hamilton industry. The institution now services more than 60 airlines and train students from all over the Asia-Pacific region. Does the increased air traffic have consequent impacts on the environment? With an airport [Vernamfield] with the capabilities to accept aircraft of any size, there is much confidence that there will be an increase in air traffic in Jamaica’s airspace. Jamaica is poised to receive a large customer base for the MRO centre because of its ideal geographical location. Dr. Aloysius Tay in his presentation to a Jamaican forum on International Civil Aviation Day (2009) explained, Jamaica is located in close proximity to the main EastWest trade routes and air routes between the Americas/ Caribbean and Europe. It is also the largest English- speaking Caribbean island, which is beneficial because English is the working language of aviation. This help to attract the large customer base which will consequently cause a large increase in air traffic. With increased air traffic, apart from the apparent need for more air traffic controllers, there is the less apparent possibility of increased air pollution. Aircraft engines emit Carbon Dioxide, a greenhouse gas, and Nitrogen Oxide which in itself is not a greenhouse gas but which results in Ozone which is. This contributes to global warming and climate change. The effects are somewhat minimised as engine manufacturers adapt a ‘green’ profile and are designing and making more ecofriendly aero engines. Conclusion and Recommendations The establishment of a MRO centre in Vernamfield, Jamaica will positively impact the country’s economy. In addition to developing a new Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul industry, it will also form subsequent aerospace support industries which will provide increased employment and foreign earnings. The country will also benefit from new and improved infrastructure as it will have a new airport capable of accommodating the largest airplanes built to date. The maintenance facilities and hangars will be first of its kind in the Caribbean. The foundation developed will enable a first of its kind logistics centre/ cargo hub in the Caribbean which will promote greater economic and infrastructure activity. The established Caribbean Aerospace College and proposed MRO centre will mutually benefit each other with the MRO centre providing meaningful employment for the college graduates and the college providing highly skilled and trained workers for the MRO centre. The success of the proposed establishment will be greatly aided if the proper policies are drafted and implemented. Air service agreements should be legislated between Jamaica and other regions, airlines and aerospace hubs. The MRO centre should create multilateral agreements with the airframe and engine manufacturers to be able to provide a comprehensive service. The positive possible impacts far outweigh any deterrents and Jamaica seems poised to benefit greatly from the establishment of a MRO facility. References 1. Aerostrategy Management Consulting (2009). Research paper: Aviation Maintenance Industry Employment and Economic Impact Henry, M. (September 11, 2010). Presentation: Development of Vernamfield to Yield Benefits Retrieved from www.jis.gov.jm Small Business & Technology Development Center (2002). Research paper: Analysis of Current and Potential Activity- Aircraft Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul Industry in North Carolina Tay, A. (December 11, 2009). Presentation: Opportunities for an Aerospace Industry in Jamaica Thales Technology Centre Singapore (June 2009). Presentation: Overview of the Aerospace Industry in Singapore World Leader article (Not dated). Retrieved from: http://www.forbescustom.com/E conomicDevelopmentPgs/Queensland P2.html
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Private Pilot License Minimum Age for Student Pilot Permit – 16 Years Minimum Age for Private Pilot License – 17 Years Candidate must pass a medical exam conducted by an Aviation Certified Medical Examiner.
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License Requirements: Minimum Requirements Medical Certificate 70 hours ground school 15 hours Pre-flight oral 33 hours dual instruction time 12 hours solo practice
Course Duration Students enrolled full time (Ground School) have an expected completion time of 8 weeks. Part-time students have an expected completion time of 3 to 4 months. Flight time can be conveniently scheduled around your personal time.
Ground School Ground School Sessions begin on a bi monthly basis September, November, January, etc and is held Monday to Thursday in the mornings. Part-time & evening classes available. For specific dates and times please call our office. Students must pass a written exam ground school in order to begin flight training. Also students must hold a Class 2 Aviation Medical Certificate in order to train. Private Pilot Programme - Course Average Cost
Private Pilot Programme - Course Average Cost Phase 1 Ground School (Instruction) Ground School Basic Kit (Pilot Shirt, Tie, E6b, Plotter, Book) Pre-flight Oral Dual Instruction Flight Time (Aircraft + Fuel + Instructor ) Solo Flight Flight School Basic Kit Sub-Total
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MANAGING EMISSIONS IN TODAY’s AVIATION by Leroy Lindsay In today’s aviation world, much attention is given to the efficiencies of an aircraft, and the efficiencies of the Air Navigation Services throughout the world. One issue that is worth discussing is the management of a flight path, as it relates to emissions management. In this article, I would like to concentrate on what happens, or should happen from the push back of an aircraft until it blocks in at the destination airport. It is safe to say that most of what will be touched on is being put into practice in the Kingston FIR in Jamaica, by the Air Navigation Provider, and Globally, through ICAOs Global Air Navigation Plan. To ensure that safety remains the number one priority in all of the objectives, there must be total coordination between airlines and Air Navigation units. As the United Nations and ICAO now places such importance on environmental matters, it is important that we look at how we in the aviation industry, especially those concerned directly with the operations of an aircraft, assesses our actions and responsibilities in controlling aviation emissions. Let us look at what kind of planning and application is required: takeoff slot is available for that aircraft. This prevents the aircraft starting engines, burning fuel, while waiting at the gate for taxi clearance and then at the holding point for take-off clearance. Coordination is required between the Flight Operations unit of the airline, and the ATC ground controller to make this an effective process. Usually, there are Standard Instrument Departures (SIDS) from an airport. These SIDS are usually directional, and takes the aircraft away from built up areas and from obstacles that might affect the climb-out profile. The aircraft is usually cleared to initial altitudes or Flight Levels (FL), then given additional clearances to higher Flight Levels. As the aircraft climbs, stop climbing, then start to climb again, more fuel is used due to speed and power setting changes. To reduce the fuel usage and therefore the additional emissions into the atmosphere, a process of continuous climb is being put in place by most Air Nav and Air Traffic Control units. This kind of procedure allows an aircraft to have a steady unrestricted climb to its required, optimum cruising Flight Level. On approach to the destination airport, it would be ideal to give an aircraft an early clearance to descend. In doing so, the aircraft will have a steady continuous descent to landing, resulting in a steady speed reduction, less fuel being used, and less Co2 being emitted into the atmosphere. Here are some thoughts regarding the kind of coordination that is required: Unnecessary fuel on board means unnecessary additional aircraft weight ATC need to notify pilots if delay in start-up or push back is expected. This will help pilots to plan for GPU or APU use. ATC can also help in making choice for the shortest taxi route to runway with rolling line up. Runway direction matched to departure direction, if possible Here are some additional facts regarding these efficiencies: It takes fuel to carry fuel: Each 1000kg of unnecessary fuel requires burning another 300kg of fuel to carry it on a 7 hour trip. Some other conditions at the airport relate to the use of the aircraft Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) and the Ground Power Unit (GPU) that is provided at the airport. An APU costs 30 to 50 times more than a GPU where fuel usage is concerned. The aircraft should always, where possible, use a GPU instead of its APU while parked at the gate. A 1 minute anticipation in the start -up of an APU can result in major fuel savings of 2000 to 4000 Kgs of fuel per year (4000 Kgs of fuel equates to 12600 Kgs of Co2 emissions)
Most Air Navigation Providers are now looking at how they can restructure the Airways passing through their FIRs, through the addition of Area Navigation (RNAV) Routes. These are usually point to point, direct routes. The idea here is to reduce the distance, time and fuel burn It is to be noted that for every one hunthrough a Flight Information Region dred kilogram of fuel saved, the resultant (FIR) saving in emissions is 315 kgs. Added to the more efficient routing, there are considerations relating to the take-off and approach to landing It is therefore essential that a level of coordination is required between the airline profiles of an aircraft. and the Air Traffic Services in order that For departure from an airport, the these levels of efficiencies can be attained. most efficient departure process The whole idea is to maximize aircraft would be for Air Traffic Control to capabilities and minimize Air Traffic interhold the aircraft at the gate until a vention.
Each minute take-off in the wrong direction equates to 9 minutes of taxi time. Taxi Times: Accurate Taxi estimates by ATC allows pilots to plan for APU start-up and engine start-up At busy airports, ATC must keep the aircraft moving, as slow taxi results in more fuel burn
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MANAGING EMISSIONS IN TODAY’s AVIATION WORLD (Cont’d) by Leroy Lindsay ATC must update the pilot, during taxi, on the take-off se- See the following figure: quence that the aircraft should expect. This allows the pilot to complete his pre-take-off checks prior to lining up on the runway, thereby reducing runway occupancy. The above points are so important, as fuel consumption during take-off can be as much as 3 times more than the fuel used for an arriving aircraft. See the following diagram:
Continuous Descent: A continuous descent results in: 10% less fuel usage 40% less Noise Saves 50-200 Kgs of fuel 150-640 Kgs of Co2 See the following figure: A 20 knot speed increase from 280 to 300 knots on an A340 would result in fuel savings of approximately 135 Kgs of fuel and 425 Kgs of Co2. Air Traffic Control should therefore, as often as possible, allow for continuous high speed climb to optimum Flight Level. An RNAV / RNP departure can save up to 7 miles on conventional SID departures. This would be a saving of distance, time and fuel. In Cruise: As the aircraft gets lighter during its flight, through less fuel now being on board, the pilot will request higher, more optimized Flight Levels. ATC will always allow this, subject to traffic. It is to be noted that if an A340 is forced to fly 4000 feet less than its optimum Flight Level, this could result in additional fuel to the tune of 350 Kgs per hour being used. On a flight sector of 6 hours, this could be significant in both reducing the fuel for arrival, and the additional emissions of over 6,600 Kgs. The pilot must use his airmanship, and ATC must be always aware of the significance of what the pilots are requesting.
In following articles we will consider the use of the kind of technologies that are being put in place to facilitate this kind of operation. Air Traffic Management is being modernized, as the new generation of aircraft that are in the skies are equipped to self-navigate and fly for very long periods of time. ATMs around the world must now put in place the necessary technologies and training of manpower to facilitate the kind of requests that will come from an airliner pilot who is looking to optimize his aircraft’s flight profile. The pilot will always be looking for shorter, more direct routes where possible. This is a dynamic industry, with a fantastically exciting future.
Aviation Career and Education Camp
What: A career exploration camp for high school age students interested in aviation or aerospace. When: July 13th—17th, 2015 Where: Caribbean Aerospace College, Tinson Pen Aerodrome How much: J$ 20, 000 (Lunch, Simulation and Discovery Flight Included) This camp enables students to make informed decisions as they consider college and career options. Having completed the program, students are more knowledgeable about the importance and diversity of aviation and aerospace careers, how aviation and aerospace industries have developed and grown to what they are today, and are aware of future career opportunities and developments. Call us @ 758-0786 for the outline of the program.
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