TERMINAL FOR CULTURE EXCHANGE Ayaz Khan
Bradford
Site Bradford has the third highest number of 0-15 year olds (124,650). Nearly one-quarter (23.6%) of District’s population is aged under 16. The district also has the largest proportion of people of Pakistatni ethnic origin (20.3%) in England. In terms of education, 25.3% of 16 to 74 year olds are educated to degree level. 65.3% of 16-64 year olds are in employment.
Site 1
Site 2
With over 170 distinct religions counted in the UK, the religious make-up of the UK is diverse, complex and multicultural. The 2011 Census states that minority and alternative religions are steadily growing, for example Islam. Bradford is at the forefront of this growth, it has an increasing number of migrants every year due to its appeal to a diversity of populations. I conducted a questionnaire study entitled ‘What is Bradford to You?’ that consisted of 20 random individuals in Centenary Square and asked them what three words they best associated with Bradford. The graph above shows the profession of the individuals and the circular diagram shows the popularity of their chosen answers. A mixture of quesitons were asked in order to allow for a wide variety of responses.
2
0
Occupation of participants
Multicultural
Depressing Diverse
Results of Questionnaire
10
20
30
40
City Hall
Site 1 tes a r t
Food Court
urt
Co
gis Ma
View from Mirror Pool onto Site 1 & 2 Fig 4.21 View over the Mirror Pool
l o o rP
r Pool Mirro Magistrates Court
The Pavilion
o
45.9% 24.7% 20.7% 8.7%
British
0
The Odeon
Tense
Enjoyable
Centenary Square
The Alhambra
Educational
Mirr
Christian Muslim Agnostic/Atheist Other
4
Sites
National Media Museum
Site 2
Faith
Unspecified
Religious Makeup of Bradford:
Unemployed
6
Unsafe Employed
8
City Centre
Happy Student
10
City Of Bradford
Site 1
The O
deon
a r b am
h
Al hT e
View from Site 2 into Centenary Square
Site 2
Nat io Med nal i Mus a eum
Theoretical Agenda
Theoretical implementation
Gustav Freytag was a novelist and playwright. In his book ‘Technique of Drama’, he introduced a concept known as ‘Freytag’s five-part dramatic arc of Freytag’s pyramid’. This concept was made to be implemented in multiple industries to structure narrative, and is an elaboration on the writings by Greek philosopher Aristotle. The five stages are:
A
Exposition
Rising Action
Climax
Falling Action
A
Denouement
Freytag’s Pyramid depicting the progression of stages along a journey.
Exposition
e e a a e a l e e e e e
Rising Action
e e
e
e e c l c a a l
c m l ca la e m e a e cl ma
e em
Climax e all
a e
e e ac
Denouement
Falling Action c ece lace
ll
e l e
e cl ma a all e m ee
malc m a e
a e e e e ea e l e e a l e
Section A,A
The idea was to incorporate these five stages into the design process in order to create a sequence of events which follows the sequence of accomodation through the building. The image below shows this promenade, hilighting the start, located in Site 1, finishing in Site 2. I have also stated the types of moods that I wish to depict within each space.
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5
Scale (m)
10
15
20
Learn
Observe
Create
Connect
Play
Celebrate
Experience
Constricted
Broken
Entirety
Linear
Deviation
Movement
Precedents
Instead of the traditional architectural method of producing form by taking into account the site and function, this experiment of routes will allow the form to be informed by the intended journey through the site. These drawings are defined by parameters such as the spine, axis, centre of site and an offset of the centre of Centenary Square. This was explored further through models and sketches to determine the most pragmatic and appropriate route through the site. Each circular intersection in the diagram represents one point of the five stages of narrative outlined by Gustav Freytag. The arrow depicts the beginning of the stages, the ‘Exposition’.
2
3
Parc De La Villette
Bisset Adams’ Idea Store
The Acropolis
Villa Savoye
Tres Grande Bibliotheque
Birmingham City Library
5
1
4
The numbers 1 to 5 represent the intended routes I wish to apply to the site. The idea is to form an amalgamation of these in order to define an abstracted route that would be rooted by the original narrative of the five stages.
The Proposed Terminal for Cultural Exhange in Bradford will be a:
Tectonic Strategies
Brief The main aim of the proposed Terminal for Cultural Exchange is:
Controlled Progression
Planar Forms
Continous Movement
Voids
Framed Surroundings
Attractive Ceilings
To establish a coherent, well designed body of architecture integrated effectively into the everexpanding cityscape of Bradford City Centre’s master plan. The architecture will be used to:
Learn Celebrate Connect Create Observe Play Experience
Kinaesthetic learning centre - a centre to expand the learning for children, young people and adults. Aimed to be done through using visual aids and also physical hands-on experience. Community interaction space - a central point for the interaction between locals and other residents around the UK. A space that can be versatile and malleable to suit a variety of occasions. Literature centre - a new installation to Bradford’s literary scene. After the decommissioning of the City Library located next to the Media Museum, the city needs a strong mediator which connects the students of Bradford University and College as they traverse from the Interchange to the study facility. This section of the facility aims to capture the constant desire to create, grow and liberate Bradford’s community. Memory store - this will be a space to gather, preserve, present and help interpret the collective memory and identity of the city and its communities and surroundings. Almost a museum, this space will gather the history of Bradford’s vibrant communities. Promoter of diversity - it will grow out of the multi-ethnic and cultural diversity of Bradford and the rest of the UK, promoting understanding and community confidence. Innovator and regenarator - working with individuals and businesses around the area to encourage a space for enterprise and to help expose local creative talent which would help boost the economy. Destination for leisure, culture and the arts - it will be an exciting landmark for users and visitors from Bradford and beyond. The Cultural Centre’s will deliver an accessible and inspirational learning experience, to undertake pioneering research and to engage fully with the community. Stimulator of knowledge - it will generate new forms of information in digital formats to communicate and facilitate ideas, sharing its learning style, creativity and cultural expression in innovative and imaginative ways. Promoter of sustainability - The building design should employ suitable sustainable materials and be energy efficient in terms of consumption to output ratio. It should also consider the microclimate and its impact on the wider context. Catalyst for Bradford’s local art scene - it will be distinctively of Bradford, a landmark which will add to Bradford’s title of the first UNESCO city of film and an elaboration of Bradford’s other distinctive media-related architecture. Link between two sides - the architecture will forge links between the city centre. With the users and architecture around it, using the road which divides the two sides as a tool to encourage pedestrians and vehicles to interact with the space..
Local History Area
Spatial Schedule
From Town to City, The Growth of Bradford 150 m3
Meeting Rooms 10 m3
Cultural Studies Area
Info Desk
Seating Shelving Fiction Non-Fiction DVD/BluRay/Audiobooks Multicultural Learning 400 m3
Visual Exploration
Main Entrance Atrium Foyer/Lounge Information Bag Drop Off Lockers 337.5 m3
20 m3
Administration Offices Staff Room Conference Room 50 m3
Workshops/Studios Local Customs Learning Area Group Participation Spaces 100 m3
Eastern History Area Ipads/Online/Technological Learning Resources 150 m3
Exhibition Spaces Art Displays David Hockney Tribute 480 m3
Quiet Study Rooms/Spaces 60 m3
Public Section Seating Shelving Play Area 150 m3
Open Air Auditorium
Book/ Mail/ Delivery Area
Indoor/Outdoor Multicultural Learning Zone Event Hosting Space Ø:10 m
Storage Garbage Area 12.5 m3
Self Checkout Spaces
Virtual Services
Display Area (Books/Technology) 20 m3
Electronic/Physical Notices Accessible Information 24/7 10 m3
Toilet Facilities Public Toilets Baby Change 30 m3
Plant room 20 m3
Engagement Area Skate Park Activity/ Leisure Spaces Ø:24 m
Development Ground
First
Second
Roof
Design
Bridge
Route Primary Views Decorated Ceilings Pod
0m External Movement
Internal Movement
5
10
15
20
10 2
8
9
4
10 External Service Platform
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2
3
3
Plans
3
9
8
8
8
8
10 12
10
Second Floor Plan
1 Main Entrance 2 Reception 3 Local History Learning Area 4 Male Toilets 5 Female Toilets 10 6 Meeting Room 1 7 Meeting Room 2 8 Private Study Room 9 External Seating Area 10 External Service Platform
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10
4
5
0 5 Scale 1:200
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0 5 Scale 1:200
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20 1
Third Floor Plan
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Juxtaposition of Plan + Experiences Route of Promenade Exposition Rising Action Climax Falling Action Denouement
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15
reflect
e at
br
te ra
Celebrate
Second
Third Create Experience
reCollect
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at br le Ce
e
at
br
le
Ce
e
20
Celebrate
Play
Study
1
Relax
Juxtaposition of Plan + Experiences
le
Celebrate
reflect
Third Floor Plan
Experience
reCollect
First
1 Exhibition Space Connect 2 External Service Platform
Third Create
Connect
Learn
First Floor Plan
Second
11
Ground
1 Main Entrance 2 Reception 3 Local History Learning Area 4 Male Toilets 5 Female Toilets 6 Meeting Room 1 7 Meeting Room 2 8 Private Study Room 9 External Seating Area 10 External Service Platform
Study
le b
First Relax
1 Main Entrance 2 Reception 3 Male Toilets 4 Female Toilets Cultural Studies Learning Area Route5 of Promenade 6 Meeting Room 1 Exposition Meeting Room 2 Rising7 Action 8 Meeting Room 3 Climax 9 Storage Room Falling Action Workshop POD 10 Learning Denouement 11 Outdoor Seating Area 12 External Service Platform
gROUND Floor Plan
20
Celebrate
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Ground5 Ce
9
15
e
Celebrate
Juxtaposition of Plan + Experiences
10
at
2
20
Second Floor Plan
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0 5 Scale 1:200
br
1 Exhibition Space 2 External Service Platform
le
4
6
Learn
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reCollect
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10
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0 5 Scale 1:200
Connect
at
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Study
Relax
br
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80
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le
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2 3
1 Main Entrance 2 Reception 3 Local History Learning Area 4 Male Toilets 5 Female Toilets 6 Meeting Room 1 7 Meeting Room 2 8 Private Study Room 9 External Seating Area 10 External Service Platform
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60
reflect
First
Ce
3
9
First Floor Plan
4
16 13
40
Ground
Ce
2
20
Third Floor Plan 1 Exhibition Space Learn 2 External Service Platform
Celebrate
1
1
15
7
12
0m
1
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Celebrate
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6
10
Roof Plan
5
5
1 Main Entrance 2 Reception 3 Male Toilets 4 Female Toilets 5 Cultural Studies Learning Area 6 Meeting Room 1 7 Meeting Room 2 8 Meeting Room 3 9 Storage Room 10 Learning Workshop POD 11 Outdoor Seating Area 12 External Service Platform
First Floor Plan
1 Courtyard 2 Lift 3 Outdoor Seating 4 Main Entrance 5 Reception 6 Self Checkout Spaces 7 Virtual Services 8 Cafe 9 Staff Room 10 Kitchen 11 Deliveries 12 Groundkeeper/ Cleaners Room 13 Library 14 Enclosed Atrium 15 Meeting Room 16 Staff Room 17 Staff Toilets 18 Male TOilets 19 Female Toilets 20 Plant Room 21 Store/ Deliveries 22 Car Delivery Bays 23 Lobby 24 Outdoor Contemplative Courtyard 25 Car Delivery Bay 26 Staff Parking
Second Floor Plan
Juxtaposition of Plan + Experiences
10 10
1
25
4
0 51 Main 10 20 Entrance15 2 Reception Scale5 1:200 3 Male Toilets 4 Female Toilets 5 Cultural Studies Learning Area 6 Meeting Room 1 7 Meeting Room 2 8 Meeting Room 3 9 Storage Room 10 Learning Workshop POD 11 Outdoor Seating Area 12 External Service Platform Route of Promenade Exposition Rising Action Climax Falling Action Denouement
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3
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2
26
7
5
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Plans
3
N 8
3
Play
Observe
Experiential Rationale
Exposition
ExpLODED aXONOMETRIC Exposition Rising Action Climax Falling Action Denouement
0m
5
Scale 1:200
10
15
20
Rising Action
Climax
Falling Action
Denouement
A-A
C
1
C
Cavity 200mm Precast Concrete Unit Rainscreen
Section C-C
Sustainability
DETAIL
4
Recyclable Aluminium Wall Cladding Panels
Summer Solstice
Laid Flat onto roof facing south to achieve maximum benefit.
A
Stainless Steel Fin Connectors
Well Compacted Crushed Stone
Steel Box Beam 150mm Glasroc Insulation
e
0m
C
Snow Guard Anti-Glare Glazing
A
Cavity
0m
20
Corrugated Metal Deck
Steel Box Beam
433x210 Universal Beam
Visqueen DPM
A-A
1
Cavity 200mm Precast Concrete Unit Rainscreen Visqueen DPM Adjustable Fixing Brackets
4 Stainless Steel Fin Connectors
150mm Rigid Polyurethane Insulation
2
s
100mm Insulation
175mm Core Slab with Powerfloat Finish
Dual Skin Facade
Steel Box Beam
433x210 Universal Beam
150mm Glasroc Insulation
Visqueen DPM
External Air will travel along this 0 1 Scale 1:50 passage and be vented through the core of the building to cool the central are of the building. If air pressure is not high enough to travel through the passsage, the use of fans may be adopted. m
2
3
4
0mm 250
500
750
Trocal Single Sag Rods Corrugated Ply Membrane Metal Deck
Sag Rods
Purlins at 1500mm intervals
150mm Rigid Polyurethane Insulation
Vapour Barrier
Trocal Single Corrugated Ply Membrane Metal Deck
Sag Rods
0mm 250
Purlins at 1500mm intervals
500
750
1m
0mm 250
Scale 1:20
Steel Channel
Vapour Barrier
500
750
1m
5
Visqueen DPM
400mm Ø Steel Columns
875x150 Rectangular Hollow Section
Visqueen DPM
533x210 Universal Beam
Purlins at 1500mm intervals
Sag Rods
Rectangular Hollow Section
Corrugated Metal Deck
Trocal Single Ply Membrane
150mm Insulation Bent Cover Plate
Specialist Prefabricated Aluminium Nosing to match Soffit Cladding
Vapour Barrier
25mm thick Steel Plate
125mm Ø Pin Structural Extruded Polystyrene Insulation Panel
Anchor Bolts
Channel supports at 1.2m intervals
Compacfoam Rigid Insulation Ceiling Wire Supports Connected to Purlins Triple Glazing with Argon Filling
533x210 Universal Beam
200 Ø Tie Beam Structural Glazing Mullions
Cover Flashing
Prefabricated Steel Bracket 2500x1200 Reinforced Concrete Foundations
Triple Glazed Curtain Wall System with Argon Filling
Suspended Ceiling
500 Ø Piles
1
Scale 1:50
2
3
4
0mm 250 Scale 1:20
500
750
1m
0mm 250 Scale 1:20
500
750
1m
0mm 250 Scale 1:20
500
Structural Glazing Mullions
Scale 1:20
500 Ø Piles
Concrete Founadtions
0m
533x210 Universal Beam
200 Ø Tie Beam
0mm 250
Scale 1:20
150mm Ø Circular Steel Hollow Section
533x210 Universal Beam
2500x1200 Reinforced Concrete Foundations
Purlins at 1500mm intervals
Sag Rods
750
Rectangular Hollow Section
1m
0mm 250 Scale 1:20
500
750
1m
0mm 250 Scale 1:20
500
750
1m
500
750
Cover Flashing
Prefa Steel
Triple Glazed Cu Wall System with Argon Filling
Suspended Ceiling
4
12mm Welded Flat Steel Plate
Moisture Resistant Plasterboard
Visqueen DPM
150mm Ø Circular Steel Hollow Section
533x210 Universal Beam
100mm thick Composite Aluminium Soffit Cladding
50mm Syphonic Drainage
Vapour Barrier
533x210 Universal Beam 12mm Welded Flat Steel Plate
Moisture Resistant Plasterboard
Bent Pressed Metal Bracket
Visqueen DPM
1m
875x150 Rectangular Hollow Section
Purlins at 1500mm intervals
Triple Glazing with Argon Filling
1m
3
150mm Rigid Polyurethane Insulation
Trocal Single Ply Membrane
Steel Channel
Ceiling Wire Supports Connected to Purlins
Scale 1:20
Metal Coping
Corrugated Metal Deck
5
Vapour Barrier
750
Concrete Founadtions
Underground Air Passage
Air will enter from the base of the facade and allow the warm interior air to be vented out through the top of the double skin.
Well Compacted Crushed Stone
Steel V Supports
Sag Rods
Purlins at 1500mm intervals
500 Ø Piles
250mm Self-Compacting Concrete with Architectural Finish
Exterior Concrete Steps with Architectural Finish
Trocal Single Ply Membrane
2500x1200 Reinforced Concrete Foundations
5
Vapour Barrier
200mm Reinforced Concrete Slab
Visqueen DPM
50mm Syphonic Drainage
Grey Water Collection Tank
m
500
Bent Pressed Metal Bracket
Winter Solstice
Will supply warmth to the building by transferring heat to or from the ground by using the earth as a ‘heat source’ during winter or a ‘heat sink’ during summer.
0mm 250 Scale 1:20
150mm Rigid Polyurethane Insulation
100mm Insulation
Well Compacted Crushed Stone
Steel V Supports
Ground Source Heat Pump
4
4
175mm Core Slab with Powerfloat Finish
tRIPLE gLAZED gLASS W/ aRGON fILLING
Located underneath the main building to collect water from the 5drainage, internal atrium and 0 10 15 20 Scale 1:200 external courtyard to supply toilets and external hosepipes with non-drinkable water.
3
3
150mm Glasroc Insulation
1
2
Metal Coping
200mm Reinforced Concrete Slab
Adjustable Fixing Brackets
Stainless Steel Fin Connectors
1
Scale 1:50
Vapour Barrier
Exterior Concrete Steps with Architectural Finish
Winter Solstice
15
250mm Self-Compacting Concrete with Architectural Finish
Visqueen DPM
3
2
10
2 200mm Precast Concrete Unit Rainscreen
4
5
1
Solar Tracking Aluminium Brise Soleil
Section C-C
w
2500x1200 Reinforced Concrete Foundations
5
1
Scale 1:200
A-A
A
Visqueen DPM
500 Ø Piles
C
kALWALL tRANSLUCENT dAYLIGHT sYSTEM
100mm Insulation
175mm Core Slab with Powerfloat Finish
Concrete Founadtions
Solar Water Heating Panels
Timber Lattice Shading Slats
200mm Reinforced Concrete Slab
Exterior Concrete Steps with Architectural Finish
3
2
A
Summer Solstice
pHOTOVOLTAIC pANELS
250mm Self-Compacting Concrete with Architectural Finish
Visqueen DPM Adjustable Fixing Brackets
Steel V Supports
N
Vapour Barrier
1m
Central Atrium
Outdoor Seating
The only structure that runs through the architecture and links the various activities happening on each level together. This design tackles environmental issues including sunlight and ventilation whilst introducing a lighter, greener internal space.
These seating platforms of varied arrangements are made of concrete and timber. They allow inhabitants to utilise the outdoor spaces and interact with their surroundings.
Wood Finish
Concrete Base
0cm
5
10
15
0cm 10 20 30 40 50
Ramp Structure
Pod & Bridge Structure
The external ramp circulation will be primarily supported by the Steel braced frame that holds the seecondary roof. Section A-A shows the reinforced concrete ramp with a steel plate put in place for extra rigidity.
A sturdy steel strcture made of box beams and V supports, this composition allows for a strong, rigid and elegant approach to reinforce the pods and bridge.
Section A-A
A A
0m 0.5 1
1.5 2
2.5
0m 0.5 1
1.5 2
2.5
Variations