GJRMI - Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2016 by Dr. Hari Venkatesh.K.Rajaraman

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INDEX – GJRMI - Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2016 MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH Ethno-Botany ETHNOBOTANICAL INVESTIGATION OF TRIBES KOTAS IN KUNDHA KOTHAGIRI VILLAGE, THE NILGIRIS, TAMILNADU, INDIA Lamuel W, Jeyabalan D*

49–56

INDIGENOUS MEDICINE Ayurveda – Dravya Guna - Review VARIOUS PATHYA KALPANA OF BILVA [Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa ex Roxb.] - A REVIEW Neha Parmar*, Suman Singh, Bhupesh Patel

57–78

Research article ETHNOBOTANICAL INVESTIGATION OF TRIBES KOTAS IN KUNDHA KOTHAGIRI VILLAGE, THE NILGIRIS, TAMILNADU, INDIA Lamuel W1, Jeyabalan D2* Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, Government Arts College, Udhagamandalam – 643 002, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India. *Corresponding Author: Email: drjeyabalan@gmail.com; Phone: 919003183707 1,2

Received: 21/12/2015; Revised: 15/02/2016; Accepted: 20/02/2016

ABSTRACT The present study highlights the ethno medicinal plants used by Kotas tribes in the Kundha Kothagiri village of Nilgiri district, Tamil Nadu, India. Kotas used traditional drugs till in this modern era. They have the capability to search for the various uses of plants. Extensive field survey was conducted in the Kota village households. Interview method was adopted to collect information on various medicinal plants with their effective utilization. Totally 39 species belongings to 25 families of medicinal plants have been documented. The present study observed that, the Kotas Tribe had very good knowledge on the traditional medicine. The documented information may serve as a reference tool for various dimensions of pharmacological research. KEY WORDS: Ethno botanical, Medicinal plants, Tribes Kota, diseases

Cite this article: Lamuel W, Jeyabalan D (2016), ETHNOBOTANICAL INVESTIGATION OF TRIBES KOTAS IN KUNDHA KOTHAGIRI VILLAGE, THE NILGIRIS, TAMILNADU, INDIA, Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med., Volume 5(2): 49–56

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Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 5, Issue 2 | February 2016 | 49–56

INTRODUCTION Many living groups of people, having diversified ethnic history of rituals and performance, who are more of less isolated from modern world and are closely associated with their ambient vegetation is the emporia of ethno botanical research (Pal and Jain, 1998). Ethnobotany term was coined by John William Harshberger in the 1890. Ethnobotany word is made from two words ethno and botany, which mean study of people and study of plant; this is represented good relationship between wild plant (Tree, Shrubs and Herbs) and tribals. Ethnobotany is the branch of Ethnobiology. Ethnobotany studies the complete information about plants and their medicinal uses. People uses wild plants in many types of different way to meet his basic needs such as food, shelter and clothing, this is the basic need of human. Plants are used as a medicine for treatment of internal and external diseases. Wild plants are source of income and employment to the rural areas (Karori and Pulu, 2003; Kokwaro, 1976, 1993; Olembo et al., 1995). Developed countries such as United States, Canada, Germany, Australia and New Zealand 20–25% medicinal plant drugs constitute of thetotal drugs, while in the fast developing countries such as China, India, Brazil, Indonesia and Russia 80-85% much contribution is in countries. 2, 50000 higher plant species are known in the earth, more than 85,000 plant species are medicinal. India is a rich country in medicinal plant because India is a Megadiversity country. The Nilgiri district is located in the North Western corner of Tamil Nadu state in South India and the district has a geographical area of 2,543 sq. kms., constituting about 1.95 per cent of the area of Tamil Nadu state. It is located between 11’ 10”and 11’ 45” N latitude and 76’ 14” and 77’ 2” E longitude. It is bounded on the north by Karnataka State, North West by Kerala State, on the South East by Coimbatore District and in the North East by Erode District of Tamilnadu. The Nilgiris is situated at the junction of the Eastern and Western Ghats. It has an average elevation of 2000 mts. above the Mean Sea Level; the highest peak is Doddabetta at 2640 mts. It is bound by the

Bhavani River on the southern side and in the north by Moyar River. Etymologically, the word 'Nilgiris' means Blue Mountains. The name 'Neelagiri' was first coined by the people living in the plains below the plateau because of the blue haze that covers the entire range, which is common with most distant hills of considerable evergreen vegetation. The Nilgiri district is also forms the part of ‘Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve’ (NBR) which is the first biosphere reserve set up in India under the Indian National Man and Biosphere Programme (Daniels, 1992). Totally six scheduled tribes, identified as Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) by the government of India which inhabit in the Nilgiri district. They are Kurumbas, Todas, Irulas, Kattunayakas, Paniyas and Kotas . Among the six tribes, the Kotas are supposed to be the expert healers using herbal medicines. The Kotas are musicians and excellent craftsmen having mastery over iron working. Traditionally, their distribution in the Nilgiri district is confined only to seven villages inhabiting in moderate altitude of the district namely: New Kothagiri (Aggal), Keezh Kothagiri, Kundah, Kollimalai, Gudalur, Trichigadi, Sholur and Kokal (Rajan and Sethuraman, 1991). Each village has three Keri (Village) known as Kizheri Nadukeri and Melkeri. Members living in the same Keri are considered as brotherly clan and hence no marriages are permissible. Keri exogamy is note- worthy among Kotas. They have elaborate ritual practices and their own method of worshipping their family God kambattrayan. The total population of Kotas is 1188 (Census, 1971), with this information authors of this paper have felt it worthwhile and desirable to attempt a study on ethno botany of the tribe Kotas in Kundha Kothagiri of Nilgiris District. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fieldwork has been conducted in the settlement area of Kundha Kothagiri in the Nilgiri district of Tamil Nadu, India. During the study their day to day life activities and interpersonal contacts were observed thereby establishing contacts by participating in their

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social and religious ceremonies such as marriages and other rituals. Most of them were highly reserved and they do not communicate freely with strangers and protect their traditional knowledge on medicines and other curative techniques by keeping it a secret. Mainly two methods have been adopted in collecting ethnobotanical information from tribes. First method is to identify the plants with the help of elderly tribal men. The second method is to collect all the available plants in and around the tribal settlements and was shown to the tribal men record their medicinal value. A detailed survey was conducted which involved five households in the village. The information given is their utilization, collected through personal interviews with the villagers of different age group and sex, the patients, as well as the key informers, locally called the vaidhyas. The information about plants and their local names, parts of plant used for preparation of drug for administration were documented. The information gathered from them was again crosschecked with the other residents of the same community. As the Kotas were mostly illiterate, no structural questionnaire approach was used. The medicinal plant species were collected from wild and also from the homestead garden for herbarium preparations. The voucher specimens were collected and identified by standard floras (Gamble and fischer, 1950) and the nomenclatures were verified with the plant taxnomist. The identification of described plants found in the Nilgiris hills was confirmed by reference to fresh plant material (Gamble and fischer, 1950; Mathew, 1983). The Linnaean identities were designated by comparing the specimens with the authentic type specimens in herbaria and by refferring to recent taxonomic monographs and revisions. Botanical nomenclature followed the flora of Tamil Nadu, India series Analysis. All the preserved herbarium voucher specimens of each species have been deposited at the Herbarium of Government Arts College, Udhagamandalam, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 1 enumerates the list of medicinal plants collected from the traditional healer of Kota tribe in the Kundha Kothagiri village. During this study totally 39 plant species belonging to 25 families have been recorded. Many plant species belonging to family of Solanaceae, Apiaceae and Asteraceae were more frequently used by the tribal practitioners in treating aliments. Fig -1 shows that the family wise distribution of the ethnomedicinal plants used by tribal Kota of Kundha Kothagiri. Plant species belonging to families Rosaceae (2), Lamiaceae (2), Poaceae (1), Solanaceae (5), Oxalidaceae (1), Asteraceae (3), Sapindaceae (1), Myrtaceae (2), Apiaceae (3), Araceae (2), Plantaginaceae (1), Berberidaceae (1), Brassicaceae (2), Euphorbiaceae (1), Rubiaceae (1), Nyctaginaceae (1), Apocynaceae (1), Urticaceae (1), Elaeagnaceae (1), Rhamnaceae (1), Amaranthaceae (2), Ficaceae (1), Commelinaceae (1), Passifloraceae (1) and Polygonacea (1) were used by the Kotas in Kundha Kothagiri village Fig 2 shows that the parts of the plants used by the Kotas in Kundha Kothagiri village. The plant parts were leaves (11), whole plant (9), fruit (11), tuber (1), seed (1), stem (3) latex (1) and rhizome (1). From the data, it could be inferred that fruits were used for more number of remedies followed by leaves, whole plant, stem, tuber, seed, root, latex and rhizome. Information gathered during this study is in agreement with the previous reports (Pushpangadan and Atal, 1984, Ayyanar and Ignacimuthu, 2005; Sandhya et al., 2006; Ignacimuthu et al., 2006). It is obvious to know that the preparation of medicines and treatment of diseases are sometimes accompanied by rituals. The plants used by the tribes Kota were to alleviate ailments such as cold, cough, diabetes, digestion, dysentery, fever, headache, jaundice, joint pain, skin disease, stomach ulcer, tooth ache, nausea, milk production, abortion, female sterility, cancer, anthelminthic, psoriasis and promote wound healing. Maximum number of medicines was used by Kotas for aliments such as digestive problem, wounds, diarrhea, dental problem and internal organ diseases (Fig.3).

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Table 1. List of medicinal plants used by the traditional healers of the Kota tribe in Kundha Kothagiri village Scientific name

Family name

Local name

Part (s) used

Diseases

Mode of

Tender leaves Tender leaves Leaves

Diarrhoea

Internal

Diarrhoea

Internal

Digestive problem Blood circulation Dental Problem

Internal

Administration

Rubus ellipticus Smith.

Rosaceae

Rubus mollucanus Linn.

Rosaceae

Kan mullvan Pen mullvan

Mentha piperita Linn.

Lamiaceae

Marksop

Cynodon dactylon Linn.

Poaceae

Karpull

Solanum surattense Burm.f.

Solanaceae

Golukai

Whole plant Fruit

Solanum nigrum Linn.

Solanaceae

Ikki soppu

Leaves

Mouth diseases

Internal

Oxalis corniculata Linn.

Oxalidaceae

Pulich

Leaves

Internal

Solanum indicum Linn.

Solanaceae

Unknown

Fruit

Sigesbeckia orientalis Linn

Asteraceae

Pothaj

Whole plant

Milk production Internal organ disease Psoriasis

External

Dodoneae viscosa Linn.

Sapindaceae

Vallari

Joint problems

External.

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk. Centella asiatica Linn.

Myrtaceae

Thautt

Whole plant Fruit

Thirst

Internal

Apiaceae

Kuthirkolk

Heat body

Internal

Acorus calamus Linn.

Araceae

Vasambu

Whole plant Tuber

Stomach pain

Internal

Plantago erosa Wall.

Plantagineae

Kadhal

Wounds

External

Ageratum Conyzoides Linn.

Asteraceae

Pachmadh

Whole plant Leaves

Wounds

External

Brassica juncea Linn.

Brassicaceae

Unknown

Leaves

Weak body

Internal

Colocasia esculenta Linn.

Araceae

Kable

Leaves

Internal.

Apiaceae

Unknowm

Leaves

Stomach disorder Cool the body

Ricinus communis Linn.

Euphorbiaceae

Amond

Seed

Stomach pain

External

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels.

Myrtaceae

Nerulvan

Fruit

For thirst

Internal

Rubia cordifolia Linn.

Rubiaceae

Chawli kosh

Root

Jaundice

Internal

Mirabilis jalapa Linn.

Nyctaginaceae

Unknown

Leaves

Wounds

External

Carissa carandas Linn.

Apocynaceae

Kalvan

Fruit

Thirst

Internal

Pouzolzia Sps. Gaudich. Elaeagnus kologa Schlecht.

Urticaceae

Veku

Stem

Hair problems

External

Elaeagnaceae

Polivan

Fruit

Thirst

Internal

Coriander sativum Linn.

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Internal Internal

Internal

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Rhamnaceae

Selvan

Fruit

Thirst

Internal

Amaranthaceae

Asteraceae

Mullgeer Peimathu

Fruit Stem

Internal Internal

Ficeae

Athi

Latex

Weak body Sterility in women For Swelling

External

Physalis peruviana Linn.

Solanaceae

Dorivan

Fruit

Thirst

Internal

Plectranthus Sps L`He`r

Lamiaceae

Valdhu

For piles

Internal

Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. Heracleum Sps. Linn.

Brassicaceae Apiaceae

Palvermadh Nar

Whole plant Leaves Rhizome

Internal Internal

Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. Amaranthus viridis Linn.

Solanaceae

Mulvan

Fruit

Tooth ache For general health during gestation period Thirst

Amaranthaceae

Thuttvad

Weak body

Internal

Commelina benghalensis Linn. Passiflora calcarata Mast.

Commelinaceae

Golku pull

Whole plant Stem

Allergy

Internal

Passifloraceae

Kodankai

Fruit

Thirst

Internal

Polygonum chinense Linn.

Polygonaceae Berberidaceae

Whole plant Fruit

It control vomiting Thirst

Internal

Berberis tinctoria Lesch.

Keegu thandu Unknown

Scutia myrtina (Burm.f.) Kurz Amaranthus spinosus Linn. Ageratum houstonianum Mill. Ficus Sps Linn

Internal

Fig .1. Number of species occurred corresponding to their families 5 4.5

No. of species

4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5

Families

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Polygonaceae

Passifloraceae

Commelinaceae

Ficaceae

Rhamnaceae

Amaranthaceae

Elaeagnaceae

Urticaceae

Apocynaceae

Nyctaginaceae

Rubiaceae

Euphorbiaceae

Brassicaceae

Berberidaceae

Plantaginaceae

Araceae

Apiaceae

Myrtaceae

Sapindaceae

Asteraceae

Solanaceae

Oxalidaceae

Poaceae

Lamiaceae

Rosaceae

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Fig.2. Analysis of plant parts used for the remedies

No of species

12 10 8 6 4 2 0

Fig.3. Disease frequency of the Kota people in the Kundha Kotagiri area Disease frequency No of species

6 5 4 3 2

1 0

Tribal practitioner(s) used specific plant parts and dosage in treatment of specific ailment. Plant products are consumed fresh

(raw) or made to paste/juice, sometimes it is taken as decoction (juice)/ infusion (oral treatment). It was observed that paste forms of

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preparations were invariably used for external application for the treatment of cut, wound, skin infection and decoction, juice, infusion were used to treat ailments internally for cold, cough, jaundice, ulcer and diabetes. Preparations made from fruits, leaves, whole plants and stem were preferred and more frequently used when compared to other plant parts. However, in most of the cases, it was recorded that oral consumption predominates rather to external application. Preparations of more than one plant were used as ingredients of more or less similar to Siddha formulations. However in such cases, detailed information on the role of individual components used in formulations was rather obscure. The most important aspect of Kota tribal medicine is that fresh plant materials were used in the preparation of medicine and if fresh plant materials are not available, dried plant materials were used. Alternatively, to sustain the non availability of plants (especially annuals) several plants served as complimentary alternative source of medicine to cure a single disease. From this study it is clear that the Kota people possess an innate ability to discern plant characters and exploit them to meet their healthcare needs. The most interesting finding of Kota people is identification of medicinal plants which can prevent cancer growth. We should preserve this traditional system of medicine by proper documentation and identification of specimens.

These indigenous medicinal plants can promote new innovations in the pharmaceutical industry and have many beneficial applications such as new medicinal trials for some incurable diseases. The medicinal plants play Major role and constitute the backbone of the traditional medicine (Jadhav and Bhutani, 2003). The world health organization has urged in developing countries of the world to utilize the resource of traditional medicine for achieving the goals of primary health namely, low-cost, affordability, ready availability, accessibility, acceptability and perhaps low toxicity. CONCLUSION The present study shows that, the Kota people who reside near by the forest areas rely on the medicinal plants which are available in their local environment, tends to cure various ailments. The wealth of this tribal knowledge of medicinal plants is a great potential for mainly research and discovery of new valuable drugs to fight against diseases. Hence the present study clearly proved that these remedies form an important database for the identification of important medicinal plants. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Mr.K.Kanagaraj Koithan in Kundha Kothagiri village for his great help during the investigation.

REFERENCES Ayyanar M & Ignacimuthu S (2005). Ethnomedicinal plants used by the tribals of Tirunelveli hills to treat poisonous bites and skin diseases, Indian journal of Traditional knowledge, 4; 229–236. Daniels RJR (1992). The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and its role in conserving India’s biodiversity. Current Science, 64; 706–708.

Gamble JB & Fisher CEC (1950). Flora of the Presidency of Madras, Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. Vol-III. Ignacimuthu S, Ayyanar M & Sankarasivaraman K (2006). Ethnobotanical investigation among tribes in Madurai District of tamilnadu (India,) Jornal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2; 25–30.

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Jadhav HR & Bhutani KK (2003). Regulatory Status of Herbal Medicine- A global Review, In: GMP for Botanicals, Edited by Robert Verpoorte and Pulok K. Mukherjee, Business Horizon Ltd, New Delhi. Karori & Pulu (2003). Food and Herbs that heal, Revelation Heralds, Nairobi, Kenya Kokwaro JO (1976). Medicinal Plants of East Africa (1st edition), East Africa Literature Bureau, Nairobi, Kenya Kokwaro JO (1993). Medicinal plants of East Africa (2 nd .Ed.), Kenya Literature Bureau of Kenya, Nairobi.pp 401. Mathew KM (1983). Flora of Tamilnadu Carnatic.The Rapinet Herbarium, St. Joseph’s College. Tiruchirapalli,India. Vol.I-III.

Source of Support: NIL

Olembo NK, Fedha SS & Ngaira SE (1995). Medicinal and Agricultural Plants of Ikolomani Division KaKamega district, signal press Ltd, Nairobi, Kenya. Pal DC & Jain SK (1998). Tribal Medicine. NayaProkash, Calcutta. 1–317. Pushpangadam P & Atal CK (1984). Ethnomedico-botanical investigation in Kerala-some primitive tribal of Western Ghats and their herbal medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 11(1), 59–77. Rajan S & Sethuraman M (1991). Plants used in the folk medicine by the Kotas of Nilgiri District, Tamil Nadu, J. Ancient sci. Life, 10;223–230. Santhya B, Thomas S, Isabel W & Shenbagarathai R (2006). Ethnomedical plants used by the Valaiyan community of Piranmalai Hills Tamil Nadu, IndiaA pilot study, African journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 3(1); 101–114.

Conflict of Interest: None Declared

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Research article VARIOUS PATHYA KALPANA OF BILVA [Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa ex Roxb.] - A REVIEW Neha Parmar1*, Suman Singh2, Bhupesh Patel3 1,2

Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, I.P.G.T & R.A., Gujarat Ayurveda University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India 2 Asst. Prof., Department of Dravyaguna, I.P.G.T & R.A., Gujarat Ayurveda University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India *Corresponding Author: Email ID: nehaa.parmarr@gmail.com; Mobile: +919558819463

Received: 28/10/2015; Revised: 05/02/2016; Accepted: 15/02/2016

ABSTRACT Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.) is a very well-known and extensively used medicinal plant since ancient times. It is also very important plant for Hindus as it is used in rituals and considered as an auspicious tree. It is one of the ingredients of the groups, Bruhat panchamoola and Dashamoola, which are indicated in various diseased conditions. In different conditions various parts of Bilva are being used medicinally i.e Patra, (leaves) Moola (root) and Apakva phala (unripe fruit) & pakva phala (ripe fruit). In the present study, 32 Ayurvedic texts were referred to collect references of Bilva being used in the form of Pathyakalpana. From these compendia 142 Kalpanas were found, maximum number of Kalpanas found were in Ashtanga samgraha (35), followed by Ashtangahrudya (33), Vangasena (31), Charaka samhita (27) etc. Dosage forms mostly used were Yavagu (rice gruel) (31), followed by Peya (thin gruel) (29), Ksheerapaka (medicated milk) (28), Yusha (Soup from pulses) (25), etc. Kalpanas of Bilva were found to be indicated in different 36 diseased conditions. Maximum prescriptions were in Atisara (38), Jwara (15), Striroga (10) etc. Apakvaphala of Bilva which is also known as Shalatu is prescribed maximum number of times i.e. 67. This review study concluded that Bilva is a very useful drug and with other dosage forms it is also useful in the form of Krutannakalpanas. KEY WORDS: Apakvaphalamajja, Bruhatpanchamoola, Bilva, Aegle marmelos, Dashamoola, Krutanna

Cite this article: Neha Parmar, Suman Singh, Bhupesh Patel (2016), VARIOUS PATHYA KALPANA OF BILVA [Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa ex Roxb.] - A REVIEW, Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med., Volume 5(2): 57â&#x20AC;&#x201C;78

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Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 5, Issue 2 | February 2016 | 57â&#x20AC;&#x201C;78

INTRODUCTION: Among the three Upastambhas (supporting factors) of life, Aahara (diet), Nidra (sleep) and Brahmacharya (celibacy); Aahara (diet) is an essential factor for maintenance of healthy life (Acharya YT, 2011). Being supported by these three well regulated factors of life, the body is endowed with strength, complexion, growth and continues up till the full span of life. In Kashyapasamhita, Aahara is described as "Mahabhaisajya" (supreme medicine) (Vatsya and Sharma H, 2006). Showing the importance of Pathya (wholesome diet), Acharya Lolimbaraja says that, if wholesome diet is given in a planned way, there is no need for separate medical treatment and if unwholesome diet is being permitted, there is no benefit of any medication (Sharma PV, 2013). In Samhita, Aushadha is advised with Aahara when patient is Sukumara or with Alpa bala and some time when Rogi bala is reduced due to some chronic disorders. In Samshodhana also Dravyas like Snehopaga, Virechanopaga etc. are found to be administered in the form of various Aahara kalpanas (Sharma P V, 2013). Bilva is found to be used in Aahara kalpana since Vedik kala. Taking Bilva fruit alone as

diet is known Shreephalakruchha and taking only Bilvapatra (leaves of Bilva) as diet is known Parnakruchha in Veda (Sharma P V, 2007). Various Aahara kalpana (dietary preparation) including Bilva are stated in various Samhita and following Chikitsa granthas. Bilva is known for its medicinal uses as well as its use in holy rituals. Bilva is one of the contents of two important groups named Bruhatpanchamoola and Dashamoola which are widely used in Samhitas and later compendia. Bilva root a part of Dashamoola prescribed in many conditions like Shwasa (Asthma), Kasa (cough), Shotha (Oedema), Jwara (fever), Vatavyadhi (disorders due to vitiated vata dosha) etc. while unripe fruit is mostly preferred in gastrointestinal diseases like Atisara (Diarrhoea), Grahani (malabsorption syndrome), Pravahika (dysentry) etc. In this review Pathya Aahara kalpanas were critically analysed. MATERIALS & METHODS: A chronological review of all available Ayurvedic classics (32) have been carried out and all relevant information regarding Bilva was gathered for the study.

Table 1: List of reviewed compendia with their abbreviation and year: Sr.no. Compendia Abbreviation &Year Charakasamhita (Acharya YT, 2011) C-1000 BC- 4 AD 1. Sushrutsamhita (Acharya YT, 2008) S-1000 BC- 2th AD 2. Navanavanitaka (Sharma S, 1982) NVN1st -4th Century 3. Ashtangsamgraha (Gupta Atrideva, 2005) AS-6th Century 4. Ashtanghradaya (Shastri SH, 2010) AH-7th century AD 5. Kashyapsamhita (Vatsya and Sharma H, 2006) KS-6th AD 6. Bhelasamhita (Katyayan Abhay, 2009) BS-7th AD 7. Vrundamadhava (Tiwari Premvati, 2007) VM-9th -11th AD 8. Chikitsakalika (Sharma PV, 2005) CK-10th Century 9. Chakradutta (Dwivedi Ramanatha 2011) CD-11th AD 10. Haritasamhita (Pandey Jaiminy, 2010) HS-10th -12th AD 11. Gadanigraha (Pandey Gangasahay, 2003) GN- 11th -12th Century 12. Vangasena (Trivedi Hariharaprasad, 2009) VS-12th century 13. Sharangadhara samhita (Srivastava Shailaja, 2005) ShS-13th Century 14. Bopadevashatak (Shastri GM, 2013) BDS-13th Century 15. Vaidyajivan (Sharma PV, 2013) VJ-1539-1608 16. Vaidyamanorama (Sharma B and Acharya YT, 1924) VAM-1592 17.

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18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.

Yogachintamani (Dattaram, 2003) Vaidyachintamani (Sharma Ramnivas and Sharma Surendra, 2013) Bhavprakashasamhita (Mishra Brahmasankar, 2005) Yogaratnakar (Shashtri Lakshmipati, 2010) Yogatarangini (Mathura Duttaram, 2003) Vaidyarahasya (Tripathi Indradeva, 2000) Vyadhinigraha & prashstaaushadha sangraha (Giri Kapildev, 2010) Basavarajeeya (Pandey Gyanendra, 2010) Bhaishajyaratnavali (Mishra Siddhinandan, 2011) Nighantaratnakara (Navare Krishnashastri, 2011) Vaidyamanotsav (Nayansukh, 1936) Sahashtrayoga (Arya Mahendrapalsingh, 1990) Rajamartanda (Mishra Bramasankara, 1983) Sidhdhabhaishajmanimala (Bhatt KR, 2003) Ayurvedaprakasha (Mishra Gularajsharma, 2007)

YC-1575-1625 VC-16th Century BP-16th Century YR-17th Century YT-17th Century VR-1701 VN-1786 BVR-16th -18th Century BR-18th Century NR-1867 VMV- period not known SY-20th Century (RM) (SBM) (AP)

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Table 2: Showing various Krutanna kalpanas of Bilva Name of formulations

Contents

References

Indications

Part used

Balabilvadi khada

Bilva (Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa ex Roxb.), Tila (Sesamum indicum Linn.), Sneha (Ghee/Oil/animal muscle fat /bone marrow), Amla dadhi (Sour curd )

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

Kapitthadi khada

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

Kapitthadi khada

KS Antavartni chi./93

Striroga (Disorders of female genital tract)

Ajita khala

AS Chi.11/8

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

Aparajita khala

Kapittha (Feronia limonia (Linn.) Swingle.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Changeri (Oxalis corniculata Linn.), Maricha (Piper nigrum Linn.), Ajaji (Cuminum cyminum Linn.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.) Kapittha (Feronia limonia (Linn.) Swingle.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Masha (Phaseolus mungo Linn. non-Roxb. & auct.), Komalmocha, Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Ardraka (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Dadhi (curd), Gaudamadya (alcohol prepared from jaggery) Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Ardraka (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Pootika (Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch.), Karanja (Pongamia pinnata Pierre), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Ajamoda (Apium graveolens Linn.), Takra, Dadimaa (Punica granatum Linn.), Taila(Oil), Saindhava (pink salt) Shati (Hedychium spicatum Ham. ex Smith.), Tintidaka (Tamarindus indica Linn.), Bida (Amonium chloride), Dadimaa (Punica granatum Linn.), Yavakshara, Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Pippalimoola (Piper longum Linn.),Chavya (Piper chaba Hunter non Blume.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Maricha (Piper nigrum Linn.), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.), Bibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica Roxb.), Amalaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), Dhataki (Woodfordia fruticosa

C Chi.19/34 AS Chi.11/8 AH Chi.9/25 CD Atisara/98 BR Atisara/120 VS Atisara/283 NR Atisara SY kwatha/73

AS Chi.11/8, AH Chi.9/28

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

Sr. No

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Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 5, Issue 2 | February 2016 | 57â&#x20AC;&#x201C;78 Kurz.), Dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum Linn.), Patha (Cissampelos pareira Linn.), Ajamoda (Apium graveolens Linn.), Ajaji (Cuminum cyminum Linn.), Kapittha (Feronia limonia (Linn.) Swingle.), Jambu (Syzygium cuminii (Linn.) Skeels.), Amrasthi (Mangifera indica Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Guda (Jaggery), Mudgarasa (soup prepared from green gram), Sneha (Ghee/Oil/animal muscle fat /bone marrow), Dadhi (curd) Kapittha (Feronia limonia (Linn.) Swingle.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Amra (Mangifera indica Linn.), Jambu (Syzygium cuminii (Linn.) Skeels.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), matsya(Fish)

Kapitthadi khala

Bilvasiddha matsya(Krutanna)

Shaliparnyadi krutanna, peya,yavagu)

Baladi krutanna

10.

Bilva bhojana

11.

Dhanyapanchak Sadhit ahara

12.

PathabilvaSadhit anna

13.

Sadhit anna

Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Vrukshamla (Garcinia indica Choisy.), Dadimaa (Punica granatum Linn.)

GN Grahani/40

14.

Shathyadi krutanna

AS Chi.19/9

15.

Vatankuradi krutanna

16.

Bilva ksheerapaka

Shati (Hedychium spicatum Ham. ex Smith.), Pushkarmoola (Inula racemosa Hook. f.), Karavi (Carum carvi Linn.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Ajaji (Cuminum cyminum Linn.), Jivanti (Leptadenia reticulata W. & A.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Yavakshara, Vrukshamla (Garcinia indica Choisy.), Dashamoola, Ghrita(Ghee),Taila Vatankura (Ficus benghalensis Linn.), Mocharasa (Salmalia malabarica (DC) Schott & Endl.), Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa Roxb.), Amrasthi (Mangifera indica Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Dhataki (Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.), Koradusha (Paspalum scrobiculatum Linn.), Takra (buttermilk) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Godugdha(cow milk)

Shalparni (Desmodium gangeticum DC.), Prushniparni (Uraria picta Desv.), Bruhati (Solanum indicum Linn.), Kantakari (Solanum xanthocarpum S. &W.), Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris Linn.), Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Patha (Cissampelos pareira Linn.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum Linn.) Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.), Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Patha (Cissampelos pareira Linn.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum Linn.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.) Dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum Linn.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.), Usheera (Vetiveria zizaniodes (Linn.) Nash.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.) Patha (Cissampelos pareira Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.)

AH Chi.9/66

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

AS Chi.23/6

Vatavyadhi (Disorders Due To Vitiated Vata Dosha) Atisara (Diarrhoea)

C Chi.19/26, GN Atisara/39

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

VM Atisara/61, AH Chi.14/110 VS Atisara/248 VM Atisara/15 BR Atisara/22 CD Atisara/13 VM Grahani/3

Atisara (Diarrhoea) Atisara (Diarrhoea)

Grahani (Malabsorpti onsyndrome ) Grahani (Malabsorpti on Syndrome) Shotha (Odema)

BS Si.4/61

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

CChi.19/48 AS Chi.11/10 AH Chi.9/39

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

S Ut.40/114, VM Atisara/12, CD Atisara/10, VS Atisara/155, BR Atisara/21 HS 3-3/35

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17.

Bilva ksheerapaka

Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Sharkara (sugar), Mocharasa (Salmalia malabarica (DC) Schott & Endl.), Indrayava (Holarrhena antidysenterica (Linn.) Wall.)

18.

Bilvadi ksheerapaka

Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.), Indrayava (Holarrhena antidysenterica (Linn.) Wall.), Mocharasa (Salmalia malabarica (DC) Schott & Endl.), Ajaksheera (Goat milk)

19.

Bilvadi ksheerapaka

Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.), Indrayava (Holarrhena antidysenterica (Linn.) Wall.), Usheera (Vetiveria zizaniodes (Linn.) Nash.), Mocharasa (Salmalia malabarica (DC)

20.

Tagaradi Ksheerapaka

21.

Baladi peya

22.

Bilvadi peya

23.

Bilvadi peya

24.

Bilvadi peya

25.

Dhanyapanchak peya

26.

Gajapippalyadi peya

Tagara (Valeriana officinalis Linn.), Kamala (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Karpura (Cinnamomum camphora (Linn.) Nees & Eberm.), Ajaksheera (Goat milk) Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.), Akhuparni (Ipomoea reniformis Choisy), Shalparni (Desmodium gangeticum DC.), Dadimaa (Punica granatum Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Bida (Amonium chloride, Dadimaa (Punica granatum Linn.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa ex Roxb.), Draksha (Vitis vinifera Linn.), Pippalimoola (Piper longum Linn.), Chavya (Piper chaba Hunter non-Blume.), Amalaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Daruharidra (Berberis aristata DC.), Twaka (Cinnamomum zeylanicum.), Hriber (Coleus vettiveroides K. C. Jacob.), Duralabha (Fagonia arabica Linn.) Dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum Linn.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.), Usheera (Vetiveria zizaniodes (Linn.) Nash.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa ex Roxb. Gajapippali (Piper retrofractum Vahl.), Patha (Cissampelos pareira Linn.), Karavi (Carum carvi Linn.), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Pippalimoola (Piper longum Linn.), Chavya (Piper chaba Hunter nonBlume), Chitrak (Plumbago zeylanica Linn), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Tumbaru (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.), Ajajai (Cuminum cyminum Linn.), Dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.)

CChi.3/235, AS Chi.2/21 AH Chi.1/112 VM Atisara/58,VS Atisara/101 YR Atisara/11 BR Atisara/86 NR Atisara VM Balaroga/19, CD Balaroga/43

Jwara (Fever)

NR Sangrahni, VS Sangrahani/187 , BPS Madhyam khanda4/59, YR Grahani/2 BR Balaroga/59

YR Striroga /5 NR Garbhini

KS Yushanidarshiy a/80 C Chi.15/100

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

Balaroga (Children disprders)

Sangrahni (Malabsorpti on Syndrome)

Balaroga (Children disprders) Striroga (Disorders of female genital tract) Atisara (Diarrhoea)

Grahani (Malabsorpti on syndrome) Jwara (Fever)

C Chi.19/52

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

GN Atisara/42

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

AH Chi.8/50

Arsha (Piles)

C Chi.3/186

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Haritakyadi peya

Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.), Pippalimoola (Piper longum Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.)

28.

Hriberadi peya

29.

Hriberadi peya

30.

Hriberadi pramathya

31.

Jambavadi peya

Hriber (Coleus vettiveroides K. C. Jacob.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Navaneeta (butter) Hriber (Coleus vettiveroides K. C. Jacob.), Dhataki (Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Duralabha (Fagonia arabica Linn.) Hriber (Coleus vettiveroides K. C. Jacob.), Bhadramusta (Cyperus scariosus R.Br.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum Linn.) Jambu (Syzygium cuminii (Linn.) Skeels.), Amra (Mangifera indica Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Kapittha (Feronia limonia (Linn.) Swingle.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Kapittha (Feronia limonia (Linn.) Swingle.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Changeri (Oxalis corniculata Linn.), Takra (buttermilk), Dadimaa (Punica granatum Linn.)

32.

Kapitthadi peya

33.

Koladi peya

34.

Mashadi yavagu

35.

Panchamooladi peya

36.

Pippalyadi peya

37.

Prishniparnyadi peya

Kola (Ziziphus jujuba (Lam.) Gaertn. non-Mill.), Vrukshamla (Garcinia indica Choisy.), Shalaparni (Desmodium gangeticum DC.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Prishniparni (Uraria picta Desv.) Masha (Phaseolus mungo Linn. non-Roxb. & auct.), Tila (Sesamum indicum Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.) Shaliparni (Desmodium gangeticum DC.), Prushniparni (Uraria picta Desv.), Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris Linn.), Kantakari (Solanum xanthocarpum S. & W.), Bruhati (Solanum indicum Linn.), Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum Linn.), Utpala (Nymphaea alba Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.) Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Pippalimoola (Piper longum Linn.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.) (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Gajapippali (Piper retrofractum Vahl.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Ajaji (Cuminum cyminum Linn.), Karavi (Carum carvi Linn.), Dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum Linn.), Tumbaru (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Patha (Cissampelos pareira Linn.) Prishniparni (Uraria picta Desv.), Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Utpaal (Nymphaea alba Linn.), Dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum Linn.)

AS Chi.11/6,AH Chi.9/14 CChi.14/200, AS Chi.10/31

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

Arsha (Piles)

AS Chi.3/12 AH Chi.2/17

Raktapitta (bleeding disorder) Atisara (Diarrhoea)

CChi.8/127AS Chi.7/100

Rajayakshma

VS Atisara/76, YR Atisara/1 NR Atisara BR Grahani/5 NVN 7/7 AS Chi.1/20 AH Chi.1/32

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

Jwara (Fever)

S Sha.10/57, NR Sharira/10

Garbhinirog a (Diseases related to pregnancy) Atisara (Diarrhoea)

C Chi.14/90 GN Arsha/90

Arsha (Piles)

AS Chi.1/20 AH Chi.1/28 C Chi.3/183 GN Jwara/657 YR Atisara/4 VSAtisara/316, VS Atisara/77 CD Jwaratisara/2 VM Jwaratisara/5 BPS M. 3/6 BR

Jwara (Fever)

CChi.19/20,CD Atisara/23

YR Atisara/2,NR Atisara

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(Tuberculosis)

Atisara (Diarrhoea) Jwaratisara (fever with Diarrhoea)

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38.

Prushniparnyadi peya

39.

Shalaparnyadi peya

40.

Yavanyadi peya

41.

Balabilvadi saktu

42.

Anshumantyadi yavagu

43.

Bilvadi yavagu,Khala

44.

Bilvadi yavagu

45.

Bilvadi yavagu

46.

Bilvadi yavagu

47.

Chavyadi yavagu

Prushniparni (Uraria picta Desv.), Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Usheera (Vetiveria zizaniodes (Linn.) Nash.), Utpala (Nymphaea alba Linn.), Dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum Linn.) Shalaparni (Desmodium gangeticum DC.), Prushniparni (Uraria picta Desv.), Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Dadimaa (Punica granatum Linn.)

Yavani (Trachyspermum ammi (Linn.) Sprague.), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Rasna (Pluchea lanceolata C. B. Clarke), Ajajai (Cuminum cyminum Linn.), Prushniparni (Uraria picta Desv.), Palasha (Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.), Shati (Hedychium spicatum Ham. ex Smith.), Pushkarmoola (Inula racemosa Hook. f.) Tila (Sesamum indicum Linn.), Masha (Phaseolus mungo Linn. non-Roxb. & auct.), Ksheera (milk)

Shalaparni (Desmodium gangeticum DC.), Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.), Prushniparni (Uraria picta Desv.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Kapittha (Feronia limonia (Linn.), Jambu (Syzygium cuminii (Linn.) Skeels.), Amrasthi (Mangifera indica Linn.)

Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Kapittha (Feronia limonia (Linn.) Swingle.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Maricha (Piper nigrum Linn.), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Changeri (Oxalis corniculata Linn.), Dadima (Punica granatum Linn.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Dhataki (Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.), Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.), Dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum Linn.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.), Bibhitaka (Terminalia bellirica Roxb.), Dhataki (Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Dadhi/Takra (curd/buttermilk) Chavya (Piper chaba Hunter non-Blume.), Twaka (Cinnamomum zeylanicum.), Pippalimoola (Piper longum Linn.), Dhataki (Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Maricha (Piper nigrum Linn.), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Kapittha (Feronia limonia (Linn.) Swingle.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Ambastha (Cissampelos pareira Linn.), Shalmali (Salmalia malabarica (DC) Schott & Endl.),

Jwaratisara/5 S Ut.40/91 NR Atisara

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

C Su.2/20, AH Chi.9/13 CD Atisara/11,HS 3-3/44 BR Atisara/23,VM Atisara/14,GN Atisara/41 SY kwatha/148, VSAtisara/236 CChi.18/77 AS Chi.4/25 AH Chi.3/20

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

Kasa (Cough)

AS Sha.4/24, AH Sha.2/19

Garbhiniroga

AS Chi.11/6

(Diseases related to pregnancy) Atisara (Diarrhoea)

C Su.2/28, AS Chi.11/14, KS Yushanidarshiy a/86,NVN 7/18 KS Yushanidarshiy a/79

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

NVN 7/31,VS Sangrahani/169

Sangrahani (Malabsorpti on Syndrome) Atisara (Diarrhoea)

Grahani (Malabsorpti on Syndrome)

AH Chi.9/23

C Chi.15/113

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Dhatakyadi yavagu

49.

Jivantyadi yavagu

50.

Kachchhuradi yavagu

51.

Kapitthadi yavagu

52.

Laghu panchamooladi yavaguetc

53.

Lodhradi yavagu

54.

Shunthi-Bilva sadhit yavasattu

55.

Bilva-Kapittha yusha Dhanya yusha

56.

Gajapippali (Piper retrofractum Vahl.), Shilajita (mineral pitch), Ajaji (Cuminum cyminum Linn.) Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.), Dhataki (Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Duralabha (Fagonia arabica Linn.) Jivanti (Leptadenia reticulata W. & A.), Ajaji (Cuminum cyminum Linn.), Shati (Hedychium spicatum Ham. ex Smith.), Pushkarmoola (Inula racemosa Hook. f.), Karavi (Carum carvi Linn.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Yavakshara, Vrukshamla (Garcinia indica Choisy.), Dashamoola, Ghrita (ghee), Taila (oil) Duralabha (Fagonia arabica Linn.), Dhataki (Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia Linn.), Lajjalu (Mimosa pudica Linn.), Masura (Lens culinaris Medic.), Ashwatthashrunga (Ficus religiosa Linn.) Kapittha (Feronia limonia (Linn.) Swingle.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Changeri (Oxalis corniculata Linn.), Takra (buttermilk), Dadima (Punica granatum Linn.)

Shaliparni (Desmodium gangeticum DC.), Prushniparni (Uraria picta Desv.), Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris Linn.), Kantakari (Solanum xanthocarpum S. &W.), Bruhati (Solanum indicum Linn.), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Pippalimoola (Piper longum Linn.), Chavya (Piper chaba Hunter non-Blume),Chitrak (Plumbago zeylanica Linn),Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Gajapippali (Piper retrofractum Vahl.), Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Patha (Cissampelos pareira Linn.), Hingu (Ferula foetida Regel.), Dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum Linn.), Jiraka (Cuminum cyminum Linn.), Shati (Hedychium spicatum Ham. ex Smith.), Hapusha (Juniperus communis Linn. var. saxatillis Palias.), Yavani (Trachyspermum ammi (Linn.) Sprague.), Tintidaka (Tamarindus indica Linn.), Dadima (Punica granatum Linn.), Bida (Amonium chloride, Saindhava(pink salt) Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa Roxb.), Bhadramusta (Cyperus scariosus R.Br.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Dhataki (Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.) Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.)

Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Kapittha (Feronia limonia (Linn.) Swingle.) Kola (Ziziphus jujuba (Lam.) Gaertn. non-Mill.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shali (Oryza sativa Linn.), Yava (Hordeum vulgare Linn.), Mudga (Phaseolus radiates Linn. non-Roxb. & auct.), Masha (Phaseolus

C Chi.4/46

C Chi.12/60, AH Chi.17/20

Raktapitta (Bleeding disorders) Shotha (Odema)

C Si.8/38,AS Ka.6/28

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

C Su.2/19, VM Grahani/2CD Grahani/3 VSSangrahani/ 22 BPS M. 4/28 ,GN grahani/39, NR Sangrahni NVN 7/8 AS Chi.11/5, AH Chi.9/12

Sangrahani (Malabsorpti on Syndrome)

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

VS Atisara/158

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

YR Striroga /9

Striroga (Disorders of female genital tract) Arsha (Piles) Atisara (Diarrhoea)

C Chi.14/93 C Chi.19/35, AH Chi.9/29

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

1,4

1 1

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57.

Dhatakyadi yusha

58.

Mashuradi yusha

59.

Nidigdhikadi yusha

60.

Panchakola yusha

61.

Phalayusha

62.

Pootikadi yusha

63.

Samnagadi yusha

64.

Shadang yusha

65.

Shigruadi yusha

mungo Linn. non-Roxb. &auct.), Tila (Sesamum indicum Linn.) Dhataki (Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa Roxb.), Padmakeshara (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) Masura (Lens culinaris Medic.), Mudga (Phaseolus radiates Linn. non-Roxb. & auct.), Chanaka (Cicer arietinum Linn.), Makushtha (Phaseolus aconitifolius Jacq.), Adhaki (Cajanus cajan (Linn.)Millsp.), + Dadima (Punica granatum Linn.), Amalaka, Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.) Kantakari (Solanum xanthocarpum S. &W.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Karkatshrungi (Pistacia integerrima Stewart ex Brandis.), Duralabha (Fagonia arabica Linn.), Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris Linn.), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. & Thoms.), Kulattha (Dolichos biflorus Linn.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Lavana(salt) Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Pippalimoola (Piper longum Linn.), Chavya (Piper chaba Hunter nonBlume), Chitrak (Plumbago zeylanica Linn), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Shati (Hedychium spicatum Ham. ex Smith.), Karkatshrungi (Pistacia integerrima Stewart ex Brandis.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Ajashrungi (Gymnema sylvestre B. Br.), Pushkarmoola (Inula racemosaHook. f.), Dhataki, Kapittha (Feronia limonia (Linn.) Swingle.), Dadima (Punica granatum Linn.), Changeri (Oxalis corniculata Linn.), Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia Linn.) Kapittha (Feronia limonia (Linn.) Swingle.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Badara (Ziziphus jujuba (Lam.) Gaertn. non-Mill.), Dvak (Conversial plant), Dadima (Punica granatum Linn.), Amra (Mangifera indica Linn.) Pootika (Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Dandy & Exell.), Trikatu, Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Patha (Cissampelos pareira Linn.), Dadima (Punica granatum Linn.), Hingu(Ferula foetida Regel.) Samanga (Mimosa pudica Linn.), Dhataki (Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Jambu (Syzygium cuminii (Linn.) Skeels.), Amratwaka (Mangifera indica Linn.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum Linn.), Jiraka (Cuminum cyminum Linn.), Patha (Cissampelos pareira Linn.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Tila (Sesamum indicum Linn.) Shigru (Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn.), Vartaka, Kasamarda (Cassia occidentalis Linn.), Vasa (Adhatoda vasica Nees.), Nimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), Patola (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.), Bruhati (Solanum indicum Linn.), Matulunga (Citrus medica Linn.), Kantakari (Solanum xanthocarpum S. &W.), Duralabha (Fagonia arabica Linn.), Karkatshrungi (Pistacia integerrima Stewart ex Brandis.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris Linn.),

VS Atisara/174

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

NR Raktapitta

Raktapitta (bleeding disorder)

C Chi.17/94

Hikkashwasa

(HiccoughAsthma)

KS Yushanidarshiy a/40

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

KS Yushanidarshiy a/46

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

YR Atisara/2 VS Atisara/139

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

VS Atisara/175

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

YR Atisara/4 VS Atisara/11 NR Atisara

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

AS Chi.6/12 AH Chi.4/21

Hikkashwasa

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

(HiccoughAsthma)

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 5, Issue 2 | February 2016 | 57â&#x20AC;&#x201C;78

66.

Shunthishalatu yusha

67.

Vyaghradi yusha

68.

Shriphala krutanna

69.

Baladi ksheerapaka

70.

Bilvadi ksheerapaka

71.

Eladi ksheerapaka

72.

Kapitthadi ksheerapaka

73.

Mustabilva ksheerapaka Pippalyadi ksheerapaka

74.

Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. &Thoms.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Kulattha (Dolichos biflorus Linn.) Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Masura yusha (soup prepared from lentil)

ShS Madhyam khanda.5/28

Sangrahani (Malabsorpti on syndrome) Shwasa (Asthma)

Udavarta (Condition in which threre is upward movement of vayu) Shodhana (For purification)

VS Shotha/60

Shotha (Odema)

VS Jwara/592 NR Jwara

Jwara (Fever)

AH Sha.2/58, GN (Complications of foetus) astrava/7 AS Sha.4/57 BR Garbhini/31 S Sha.10/63 NR Sharira/10 NR Mudhagarbha VS Mahilaroga/205 VM Striroga/6 YR Striroga/5CD Striroga/5 YT 75/20 BPS M. 70/91 VN Pradar/180 SY Sudhdhi /9

Garbhavyap ada (Complicati ons of foetus)

Visha (poison) Udavarta (Condition in which

Kantakari (Solanum xanthocarpum S. &W.), Duralabha (Fagonia arabica Linn.), Shrungi (Pistacia integerrima Stewart ex Brandis.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris Linn.), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. &Thoms.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Ghrita (ghee), Yavanna (Hordeum vulgare Linn.)

VS Shwasa/40

Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.), Atibala (Abutilon indicum Linn. Sweet.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Eranda (Ricinus communis Linn.), Choraka (Angelica glauca Edgew.), Godugdha(cow milk) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Maricha (Piper nigrum Linn.), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Trivrut (Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Godugdha (cow milk) Ela (Elettaria cardamomum Maton.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Varshabhu (Trianthema portulacastrum Linn.), Godugdha (cow milk) Kapittha (Feronia limonia (Linn.) Swingle.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Bruhati (Solanum indicum Linn.), Patola (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.), Ikshu (Saccharum officinarum Linn.), Kantakari (Solanum xanthocarpum S. &W.), Godugdha (cow milk)

BS Si.4/65

Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Godugdha(cow milk) Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Madhuka, Shatapushpa (Anethum sowa Roxb. ex Flem.), Madanaphala (Randia dumetorum Poir.),

KS chi.

Udavarta

KS chi./55

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

Shoola

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 5, Issue 2 | February 2016 | 57â&#x20AC;&#x201C;78

75.

Shwadanshtradi ksheerapaka

76.

Vrichiradi ksheerapaka

77.

Bilvadi mathita

78.

BilvaShyonakaadi mansarasa

79.

Dhanva mansarasa

80.

Nagaradi lajapeya

81.

Dashamooladi yavagu

82.

Kanadi yavagu

83.

Surasadi yavagu

Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Devadaru (Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud.), Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn.), Kushtha (Saussurea lappa (Decne) Sch.Bip.), Pushkarmoola (Inula racemosa Hook. f.), Godugdha(cow milk) Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris Linn.), Eranda (Ricinus communis Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Godugdha (cow milk) Vrichira (Boerhavia diffusa Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Varshabhu (Trianthema portulacastrum Linn.), Godugdha (cow milk)

Saindhava (pink salt), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Indrayava (Holarrhena antidysenterica (Linn.) Wall.), Bida (Amonium chloride), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Mahanimba (Melia azedarach Linn.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent.), Mansarasa (meat juice)

KS chi./55

Shotha

there is upward movement of vayu) Shotha (Odema)

AS Chi.2/21, AH Chi.1/115 BPS M.1/111 CD Jwara/264 S Ut.39/202 GN Jwara/581 BR Jwara/65 BR Jwara/1385 NR Arsha

Jwara (Fever)

Arsha (Piles)

KS Raktagulma vinishchyaya/75

Raktagulma (Uterine lump) Kasa (Cough)

SY kwatha/253

Trishna (Thrist)

GN Hikka/68

Hikkashwasa

2,4

Tila (Sesamum indicum Linn.), Sarshapa (Brassica campestris Linn. var.rapa (L.) Hartm.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Dhanva mansarasa (meat juice of animals of arid zone) Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Laja (Oryza sativa Linn.) Dashamoola, Shati (Hedychium spicatum Ham. ex Smith.), Rasna (Pluchea lanceolata C. B. Clarke.), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. &Thoms.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Pushkarmoola (Inula racemosa Hook. f.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.) Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Dadima (Punica granatum Linn.), Ajaji (Cuminum cyminum Linn.), Haridra (Curcuma longa Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Amlavetasa (Garcinia pedunculata Roxb.), Bida (Amonium chloride), Hingu (Ferula foetida Regel.) Surasadi gana, Ushakadi gana, Varunadi gana, Mustadi gana Varunadi gana, Madhushigru (Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn ) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.)

C Chi.18/110

(HiccoughAsthma)

GN Hikka/66

Hikka (Hiccough)

S Ut.59/23

Mootrakrichha

(Dysurea)

84.

Varanadi yavagu

AS Chi.15/10

85.

Bilva sadhita yusha,vyanjan

86.

Bruhatyadi yusha

Bruhati (Solanum indicum Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Anantamoola (Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br.)

KS Antavartni chi./102

87.

Chitrakadi khala

Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Kapittha (Feronia limonia (Linn.) Swingle.), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Ajaji (Cuminum cyminum Linn.), Maricha (Piper nigrum Linn.)

NR Gunadosha

C Chi.5/165

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

Vidradhi (Absess) Gulma (Abdomenal lump) Striroga (Disorders of female genital tract) KaphaVatahara

2 2

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 5, Issue 2 | February 2016 | 57â&#x20AC;&#x201C;78 88.

Shalaparnyadi yusha

89.

Bilvadi yavasaktu

90.

Dashamooladi peya

91.

Panchamoola ksheerapaka

92.

Panchamooladi ksheerapaka

93.

Panchamoola sadhit anna

94.

Panchamooladi krutanna Panchamooladi ksheerapaka

95.

96.

Panchamoola ksheerapaka

Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia Linn.), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent.), Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb.), Patala (Stereospermum. suaveolens DC.), Kantakari (Solanum xanthocarpum S. & W.), Bruhati (Solanum indicum Linn.), Shalaparni (Desmodium gangeticum DC.), Prushniparni (Uraria picta Desv.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Kapittha (Feronia limonia (Linn.) Swingle.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Bida (Amonium chloride), Yava (Hordeum vulgare Linn.) Dashamoola, Shati (Hedychium spicatum Ham. ex Smith.), Rasna (Pluchea lanceolata C. B. Clarke.), Bharangi (Clerodendrum serratum (Linn.)Moon.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Pushkarmoola (Inula racemosa Hook. f.), Karkatshrungi (Pistacia integerrima Stewart ex Brandis.), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Tamalaki (Phyllanthus fraternus Webster.), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. & Thoms.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent.), Patala (Stereospermum. suaveolens DC.), Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia Linn.), Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb.), Godugdha (cow milk)

Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent.), Patala (Stereospermum. suaveolens DC.), Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia Linn.), Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) Lavana (salt), Sneha (Ghee/Oil/animal muscle fat /bone marrow), Katu (pungent), Amla( sour) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent.), Patala (Stereospermum. suaveolens DC.), Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia Linn.), Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb.), Shinshapa (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb ex DC.),Gandika(controversial plant) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent.), Patala (Stereospermum. suaveolens DC.), Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia Linn.),

KS Antavartni chi./107

Striroga (Disorders of female genital tract)

AH Chi.8/35

Arsha (Piles)

AS Chi.6/13 AH Chi.4/24 BPS Madhyam khanda 14/34

Hikkashwas a (HiccoughAsthma)

2,4

AH Chi.14/51

Gulma (abdominal lump) Jwara (Fever)

AS Chi.2/21 VM Jwara/367 NR Jwara YR Nasaroga/1 VM Nasaroga/1 NR Nasaroga S Chi.4/13, BPS M. 24/69

VM Vata/5, VS Vatavyadhi/32, CD Vatavyadhi/81B R Vatavyadhi/5 ,BR Vatavyadhi/83 AS Chi.24/29 VM Jwara/69

Nasaroga (Diseases of the nose) Vatavyadhi (disorders due to vitiated vata dosha) Vatavyadhi (disorders due to vitiated vata dosha)

Vatarakta (Gout) Jwara (Fever)

C Chi.13/99, AH Chi.15/122 VM Jwara/370

Udararoga (Ascites) Jwara (Fever)

VS Nasaroga/16

Nasaroga (Diseases of the nose)

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 5, Issue 2 | February 2016 | 57â&#x20AC;&#x201C;78

97.

Sidhdha mansa

98.

Panchamooladi peya

99.

Panchamoola peya

100. Panchamooladi

peya

101. Panchamoola

Peya,Rasa,Khala

102. Panchamoola

krutanna peya,yavagu 103. Panchamoola

yavagu

104. Panchamoola

yavagu

Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.), Ghrita (Hhee), Guda (jaggery) Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent.), Patala (Stereospermum. suaveolens DC.), Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia Linn.), Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb.), Ajashira, Sneha Sneha (Ghee/Oil/animal muscle fat /bone marrow), Amla(sour), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Maricha (Piper nigrum Linn.), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent.), Patala (Stereospermum. suaveolens DC.), Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia Linn.), Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb.), Tila (Sesamum indicum Linn.), Uddalaka (Cordia myxa Roxb. non Linn.), Tandula (Oryza sativa Linn.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent.), Patala (Stereospermum. suaveolens DC.), Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia Linn.), Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent.), Patala (Stereospermum. suaveolens DC.), Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia Linn.), Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb.), Yava (Hordeum vulgare Linn.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent.), Patala (Stereospermum. suaveolens DC.), Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia Linn.), Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent.), Patala (Stereospermum. suaveolens DC.), Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia Linn.), Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent.), Patala (Stereospermum. suaveolens DC.), Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia Linn.), Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb.), Madhu (honey) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent.), Patala (Stereospermum. suaveolens DC.), Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia Linn.), Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb.)

CD Vatavyadhi/79

Vatavyadhi (disorders due to vitiated vata dosha)

AH Sha.2/11

Garbhavyap ada (Complicati ons of foetus)

VS Jwara/43 ,VS Jwara/48, BPS Madhyam khanda.1/262 AS Chi.1/20 AH Chi.1/30

Jwara (Fever)

S Ut.42/55

Gulma

BPS Madhyam khanda 1/424

Jwara (Fever)

S Ut.49/19 GN Chhardi/23, VS Chhardi/11 VM Chhardi/3 C Si.9/8

Chhardi (Vomiting)

Bastiroga (Diseases of the urinary system) Vataroga (Diseases due to vitiated Vata dosha) Chhardi (Vomiting)

Jwara (Fever)

KS Yushanidarshiy a/79

105. Koladi yusha

106. Panchamoola

yusha

Kola (Ziziphus jujuba (Lam.) Gaertn. non-Mill.), Kulattha (Dolichos biflorus Linn.), Dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum Linn.), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent.), Patala (Stereospermum. suaveolens DC.), Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia Linn.), Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb.), Yava (Hordeum vulgare Linn.) Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent.), Patala (Stereospermum. suaveolens DC.), Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia Linn.), Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb.)

C Chi.20/23

GN Jwara/175

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 5, Issue 2 | February 2016 | 57â&#x20AC;&#x201C;78 107. Mahayusha

108. Shakuladi

sidhmala, Pana,Bhakshana

109. Dashamoola sadhit

mansarasa 110. Dashamoola

sadhita anna 111. Dashamooladikshe erapak

112. Dashamooladi

ksheerapaka

113. Dashamoolavishva

di ksheerapaka 114. Karchuradi ksheerapak 115. Dashamoola

ksheerapaka

Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent.), Patala (Stereospermum. suaveolens DC.), Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia Linn.), Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb.), Madhura phala, Sarva dhanya, Dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum Linn.), Maricha (Piper nigrum Linn.), Kakoli (Lilium polyphyllum D. Don.), Kshirakakoli (Roscoea procera Wall.), Parushaka (Grewia asiatica auct. non L.), Badara (Ziziphus jujuba (Lam.) Gaertn. non-Mill.), Kulattha (Dolichos biflorus Linn.), Rasna (Pluchea lanceolata C. B. Clarke.), Eranda (Ricinus communis Linn.), Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa Linn.), Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris Linn.), Shigru (Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn.), Palasha (Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.), Dadhi(curd), Kanji (sour vinegar), Sukta(wine prepared from roots and tubers), Mulakpatra (Raphanus sativus Linn.), Tilakalka (Sesamum indicum Linn.) Shakulamatsya (one type of fish), Sarshap taila (mustard oil), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Maricha (Piper nigrum Linn.), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Hingu (Ferula foetida Regel.), Dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum Linn.), Vidanga (Embelia ribes Burm. f.), Ajmoda (Apium graveolens Linn.), Haridra (Curcuma longa Linn.), Chavika (Piper chaba Hunter non-Blume.), Pippalimoola (Piper longum Linn.), Ardraka (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Jiraka (Cuminum cyminum Linn.), Krishnajiraka (Carum bulbocastanum W. Koch.), Vrichira(Boerhavia diffusa Linn.), Surasa (Ocimum sanctum Linn.), Arjaka (Orthosiphon pallidus Royle), Shigru (Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn.), Dashamoola, Kauncha (Mucuna prurita Hook.), Bhrungaraja (Eclipta alba (Linn.) Hassk.), Saindhava (pink salt), Sauvarchala (black salt), Bida (Amonium chloride), Aranala(Sour fermantive product) Dashamoola, Vishkirarasa (meat juice from birds similar to common quail who eat while scattering the grains)

KS Yushanidarshiy a/57

Atisara (Diarrhoea)

CD Amavata/82

Amavata

Dashamoola, Yava (Hordeum vulgare Linn.), Shali (Oryza sativa Linn.) Dashamoola, Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.), Usheera (Vetiveria zizaniodes (Linn.) Nash.), Sprukka (Anisomeles malabarica Linn.), Tagara (Valeriana officinalis Linn.) Dashamoola, Nalina (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.), Kushtha (Saussurea lappa (Decne) Sch.Bip.), Usheera (Vetiveria zizaniodes (Linn.) Nash.), Agaru (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.), Sprukka (Anisomeles malabarica Linn.), Eranda (Ricinus communis Linn.) Dashamoola, Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Lashuna (Allium sativum Linn.) Karchura (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.), Dashamoola, Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Draksha (Vitis vinifera Linn.) + Madhu (honey), Sharkara (sugar), Dashamoola, Draksha (Vitis vinifera Linn.), Sharkara (sugar),

BR Shotha/202

(Rheumatism)

AS Ut 49/81

Apatantrak

(Hysteria with loss of consciousness)

SY kwatha/191

VAM 13/1

SY kwatha/184 YR Kasa/2, NR Kasa VS Mahilaroga/282

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Shotha (Odema) Striroga (Disorders of female genital tract) Striroga (Disorders of female genital tract)

Hikka (Hiccough) Kasa (Cough)

Striroga (Disorders Of Female Genital Tract)

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 5, Issue 2 | February 2016 | 57â&#x20AC;&#x201C;78 116. Dashamooladi

ksheerapaka

117. Dashamooladi

kheerapaka

118. Dashamoola

ksheerapaka 119. Drakshadi

ksheerapaka

120. Baladi

ksheerapaka

121. Rasnadi

ksheerapaka 122. Dashamoola

Dashamoola, Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.), Tuka (Controversial plant), Draksha (Vitis vinifera Linn.), Vasuka (Calotropis gigantean (Linn.) R.Br. ex.Ait.), Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.), Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus willd.), Vidari (Pueraria tuberosa DC.), Matyakshi (Alternanthera sessilis (Linn.) R. Br. ex DC.), Chandana (Santalum album Linn.), Utpala (Nymphaea alba Linn.), Pashanbheda (Bergenia ligulata (Wall.) Engl.) Dashamoola, Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.), Amalaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), Bibhitaka (Terminalia bellirica Roxb.), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.) Dashamoola, Godugdha (cow milk), Ghrita (Ghee), Madhu (honey) Dashamoola, Pushkarmoola (Inula racemosa Hook. f.), Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.) / Dashamoola, Pushkarmoola (Inula racemosa Hook. f.), Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.), Draksha (Vitis vinifera Linn.), Jiraka (Cuminum cyminum Linn.),Godugdha ( Cow milk) Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.), Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus willd.), Dashamoola, Rasna (Pluchea lanceolata C. B. Clarke.), Pilu (Salvadora persica Linn.), Shyama (Ipomoea petaloidea Choisy.), Eranda (Ricinus communis Linn.), Shalaparni (Desmodium gangeticum DC.), Godugdha ( cow milk) Rasna (Pluchea lanceolata C. B. Clarke.), Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus willd.), Dashamoola, Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.), Godugdha (cow milk) Dashamoola, Laja (puffed rice)

lajamanda

123. Baladi mansarasa

124. Dashamoola sadhit

mansarasa

125. Dashaamoola

sidhdha rasa,Paya,Yavagu 126. Dashamooladi peya

127. Dashamoola peya 128. Dashamooladi

peya

Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.), Ajakshira (goat milk), Dashamoola, Anupa mansarasa (meat juice prepared from animals lived in marshy land), Amla (Sour), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Maricha (Piper nigrum Linn.), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.) Dashamoola, lavadi (meat), Amla (sour), Lavana (salt), Sneha Sneha (Ghee/Oil/animal muscle fat /bone marrow)

Dashamoola

Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Pippalimoola (Piper longum Linn.), Chavya (Piper chaba Hunter non-Blume.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Guda (jaggery), Ksheera (milk), Saindhava (pink salt), Matsya (fish), Kaukkuta (Cock), Varah mansa (Hog) Dashamoola Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Ajaji (Cuminum cyminum Linn.), Karkatshrungi (Pistacia integerrima

SY kwatha/190

Mootrakrich ha (dysurea)

VM Netraroga/70

Netraroga (Disorders of eyes)

VM Rajayakshma/1 4 SY kwatha/217

Rajayakshma

(Tuberculosis)

Rajayakshma

(Tuberculosis)

C 29/81,AH 22/8

Chi Chi

Vatarakta (Gout)

AS Chi 24/10

Vatarakta (Gout)

VS Jwara/279, GN Jwara/405, VM Jwara/258, BPS M 1/622, NR Jwara CD Vatavyadhi/79, BR Vatavyadhi/81

Jwara (Fever)

Vatavyadhi (disorders due to vitiated vata dosha) Vatavyadhi (disorders due to vitiated vata dosha) Shotha (Odema)

Kasa (Cough)

SY kwatha/181

Shwasa (Asthma)

AS Chi 6/13, AH Chi 4/23

Hikkashwasa

KS Visheshakalpa

CD Shotha/23 AH Chi 17/17 YR Shotha/1 C Chi 18/79AS Chi 4/13, AH Chi 3/22

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

(Hiccough-

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 5, Issue 2 | February 2016 | 57â&#x20AC;&#x201C;78

129. Triphaladi saktu

130. Dashamoola

yavasaktu

131. Dashamooladi

yavagu

132. Dashamooladi

yavagu

133. Dashamoola

yavagu 134. Dashamoola yavagu

Stewart ex Brandis.), Sauvarchala (black salt), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.), Bibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica Roxb.), Amalaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), Dashamoola, Murva (Marsdenia tenacissima Wight &Arn.), Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.), Saptaparna (Alstonia scholaris R. Br.), Devadaru (Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud.), Nimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), Indravaruni (Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia Linn.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Maricha (Piper nigrum Linn.), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.) Arkaksheera (Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br.) bhavit yava (Hordeum vulgare Linn.)+ Dashamoola

Shati (Hedychium spicatum Ham. ex Smith.), Rasna (Pluchea lanceolata C. B. Clarke.), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), Pushkaramoola (Inula racemosa Hook. f.), Karkatshrungi (Pistacia integerrima Stewart ex Brandis.), Tamalaki (Phyllanthus fraternus Webster.), Bharangi (Clerodendrum serratum (Linn.) Moon.), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. &Thoms.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.)+Madhu Dashamoola, Shati (Hedychium spicatum Ham. ex Smith.), Rasna (Pluchea lanceolata C. B. Clarke.), Pippalimoola (Piper longum Linn.), Pushkarmoola (Inula racemosa Hook. f.), Karkatshrungi (Pistacia integerrima Stewart ex Brandis.), Tamalaki (Phyllanthus fraternus Webster.), Bharangi (Clerodendrum serratum (Linn.) Moon.), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. &Thoms.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Ghrita (ghee), Taila (oil), Dadima (Punica granatum Linn.) Dashamoola

AS Chi 21/15

AS Chi 6/13, AH Chi 4/27

Asthma) Kushtha (Skin diseases)

HikkaShwasa (HiccoughAsthma)

Hikkashwasa BR Hikkashwasa/25 (Hiccough, YR Kasa/1, Asthma) NR Hikka

Hikkashwasa

C Chi 17/102

NR Shwasa

NVN 7/22

C Su 2/27, VS Kasa/10 , YR Kasa/3, NVN 7/16, KS Yushanidarshiy a/85 BPS M 12/22 Dashamoola, Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) VC 10 vilasa 135. Dashamooladi yavagu (Kasa), NR Kasa Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa Linn.), Kapittha (Feronia BR Shotha/21 136. Punarnavadi yavagu, peya, limonia (Linn.) Swingle.), Devadaru (Cedrus deodara yusha (Roxb.) Loud.), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. & Thoms.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.), Dashamoola Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa Linn.), Dashamoola, VM Shotha/23 137. Punarnavadi yavagu,yusha Mulaka (Raphanus sativus Linn.), Shunthi (Zingiber VS Shotha/57, officinale Rosc.), Devadaru (Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) YR Shotha/1, Loud.), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex SY kwatha/333 Hook. f. &Thoms.), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica NR Shotha Linn.)

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(HiccoughAsthma) Shwasa (Asthma)

Kaphaj Roga Kasa (Cough)

Kasa (Cough)

Shotha (Odema)

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 5, Issue 2 | February 2016 | 57â&#x20AC;&#x201C;78 138. Dhanyakadi yusha

Dashamoola, Dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum Linn.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)

139. Yavadi yusha

Yava (Hordeum vulgare Linn.), Kola (Ziziphus jujuba (Lam.) Gaertn. non-Mill.), Kulattha (Dolichos biflorus Linn.), Mudga (Phaseolus radiates Linn. non-Roxb. & auct.), Masha (Phaseolus mungo Linn. non-Roxb. & auct.), Dashamoola, Takra (buttermilk), Jiraka (Cuminum cyminum Linn.), Ghrita (ghee) , Saindhava (pink salt) Kulattha (Dolichos biflorus Linn.), Dashamoola, Jangal rasa (meat juice from animals who lives in forests)

140. Kulatthadi yusha

141. Bilva-patrashaka

Bilvapatra (Aegle marmelos Corr.)

NR Chhardi, YR Chhardi/1, VS Chhardi/12 VS Mahilaroga/304

Chhardi (Vomiting)

Striroga (Disorders of female genital tract)

AS Chi 6/12, AH Chi 4/20

Hikkashwasa

C Su.27/107, S Su.46/254 AS Su.7/148 KS Yushanidarshiy a/49

142. Patrayusha

(HiccoughAsthma) Atisara (Diarrhoea)

Bilvapatra (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Shigru (Moringa Atisara 5 pterygosperma Gaertn.), Eranda (Ricinus communis (Diarrhoea) Linn.), Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.), Rasna (Pluchea lanceolata C. B. Clarke), Amra (Mangifera indica Linn.) [In table 2 part used is coded as -1-Apakva phala (unripe fruit), 2-Moola (root), 3-Bruhat panchamoola (root with other 4 plant roots), 4-Dashamoola (root with other 9 plant root), 5-Patra (leaves)] [Abbreviation: Chi..-Chikitsasthana; Su.-Sustrasthana, Ut.-Uttarasthana; Sha.-Sharirasthana; Si.-Siddhisthana and others mentioned in table 1]

A total of 142 Kalpanas containing Bilvamoola, Patra and Apakvaphala are found from 32 different Chikitsagranthas (Table 2). Maximum references of Bilva are found from Ashtangasamgraha (35), followed by 33

in Ashtangahrudya, 31 in Vangasena, 27 in Charakasamhita etc. which reflect that Bilva is extensively used in Samhitakala except Vangasena.Very less references regarding Krutannakalpana of Bilva are found in the texts of medieval period and recent era (Table 3).

Table 3: List showing number of mentioned formulations in various compendia Sr. No

Compendia

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Charakasamhita Sushrutasamhita Navanavanitakam Ashtangsamgraha Ashtanghruday Kashyapsamhita Bhelasamhita Vrundamadhav Chikitsakalika Chakradutta

Total Sr. number of No formulations 27 17. 10 18. 06 19. 35 20. 33 21. 17 22. 02 23. 20 24. 00 25. 15 26.

11. 12. 13.

Rajamartand Haritasamhita Gadanigraha

00 02 15

27. 28. 29.

Compendia

Bopadevashatak Vaidyajivan Vaidyamanorama Yogachintamani Vaidyachintamani Bhavprakasha Yogaratnakar Yogatarangini Vaidyarahasya Vyadhinigraha & Prashsta aushadhasangrah Basavarajeeya Bhaishajyaratnavali Nighantaratnakara

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Total number of formulations 00 00 01 00 01 11 17 01 00 01

00 17 25

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14.

Vangasena

30.

15. 16.

Ayurvedaprakasha Sharangadhara samhita

00 01

31. 32.

Sidhdhabhaishaja Manimala Sahashtrayoga Vaidyamanotsav

00 10 00

Table 4: Bilva containg pathya kalpana indicated in diseased conditions Sr.No.

Indications

Total Sr.No. Indications

Total

1. 2. 3.

Atisara (Diarrhea) Jwara (Pyrexia) Striroga (Gynaecological disorders) Hikkashwasa (HiccoughAsthma)

40 15 9

19. 20. 21.

Mootrakrichha (Dysuria) Nasaroga (Disease of nose) Shodhan (After purification)

2 2 1

22.

8 7

23. 24.

25.

Shotha (Oedema) Grahani (Malabsorption syndrome) Vatavyadhi (Disorders due to vitiated vata dosha) Arsha (Piles)

26.

Kasa (Cough)

27.

10.

Chhardi (Vomiting)

28.

11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

Gulma (Abdominal lump) Rajayakshma (Tuberculosis) Raktapitta (Bleeding disorder) Shwasa (Asthma) Vatarakta (Gout) Balaroga (Diseases of children) Garbhavyapada (Complications of foetus) Hikka (Hiccough)

3 3 3 3 3 2 2

29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

Udavarta (Condition in which threre is upward movement of vayu) Amavata (Rheumatism) Apatantraka (Hysteria with loss of consciousness) Bastiroga (Diseases of urinary system) Bastivyapada (Complications of Basti karma) Garbhiniroga (Disorders during pregnancy) Kaphajroga (Disease due to Kapha dosha) Kapha-vata Kushtha (Skin diseases) Netraroga (Disorders of eyes) Raktagulma (Uterine lump) Trishna (Thirst) Udararoga (Ascites) Vidradhi (Abscess)

36.

Visha (Poison)

5. 6. 7.

18.

Bilva is found indicated in many diseased conditions, and maximum (40) references were found in Atisara followed by Jwara (15), Striroga (10), Hikka-shwasa (9), Shotha (8), Grahani (7), Vatavyadhi (7) etc. (Table 4)

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

In different compendia, various Pathyakalpanas containing Bilva are found like Yavagu (rice gruel), Yusha (Soup prepared from pulses), Khada (Soup prepared from curd), Peya (Thin gruel) etc., in which Yavagu form is described many a times i.e. (31),

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followed by Peya (29), Ksheerapaka (28), Yusha (25), etc. (Table 5). Maximum formulations found here are of Moola (with Bruhatpanchamoola and Dashamoola) which is 76 followed by Apakvaphala (67) and 2 references of Bilvapatra are also found (Table 6). Bilvamoola possess Madhura (sweet), Kashaya (astringent), Tikta (bitter) rasa (in taste), Laghu â&#x20AC;&#x201C;Ushna guna, Tridoshaghna, Mutrala, Shoola-Shothahara actions and is mainly indicated in conditions like, Chhardi, Hikka, Shwasa, Kasa, Kshaya (Arya Mahendrapalsingh, 1990). Kalpanas in which it is mainly prescribed are Peya, Yusha, Yavagu etc. which potentiate the action of drugs with

the help of their virtue. Apakvaphala is Kashaya, Tikta, Katu (pungent) rasa, Snigdha, Tikshna, Laghu guna,Ushna virya,Vatakaphaghna properties and used mainly in Atisara,Grahani and Shoola. It is indicated mainly in the dosage form of Yusha, Peya etc. which suggests that these forms help in easy assimilation of the drug as well to enhance its properties. Bilvapatra has Ushna, Vatahara, Amanashana, Shoolahara properties. In Atisara mainly Apakva Bilva fruit is used several times as it possesses Grahi action, as well other parts of Bilva are also used due to its Deepana, Pachana property.

Table 5: List of various Kalpanas Sr.No. Krutanna kalpana

Total

Sr.No. Krutanna kalpana

Yavagu (rice gruel)

Peya (Thin gruel)

10.

Ksheerapaka (medicated milk)

11.

Yusha (Soup prepared from pulses) Krutanna/Vyanjan (Different types of recipes) Mansarasa (Soup prepared from meat) Khala (Soup prepared from fruits) Khada (Soup prepared from curd)

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

5. 6. 7. 8.

Total

Saktu (prepared from roasted corn flour) Yavasaktu (prepared from roasted barley flour) Lajapeya (Thin gruel prepared of fried paddy) Sidhdha mansa (Meat preparation) Pramathya (a form of liquid diet) Manda (watery gruel)

Lajamanda (watery gruel prepared of fried paddy) Mathita (churned curd without addition of water)

Table 6: Number of formulations mentioned part wise Sr.No. Part used Apakvaphala (Shalatu) (unripe fruit) 1. Moola (Root) Single (Bilva) 2. Bruhatpanchamoola Dashamoola Patra (Patra) 3.

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Total 67 23 17 36 2

2 1 1 1 1

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CONCLUSION Bilva is extensively used in various diseased conditions in the form of medicine as well as for making Aahara kalpanas. These kalpanas are used in various forms as per conditions like Yavagu, Peya, Yusha,

Ksheerapaka etc. By adding different parts of Bilva to the different types of Pathyakalpana according to the diseased conditions, physician can treat the patients more efficiently. By this review study it can be concluded that Bilva is a very useful drug as well as suitable in the form of Krutannakalpanas.

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Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 5, Issue 2 | February 2016 | 57–78

Tripathi Indradev (2000), Vaidyarahasya, with Madhuri Hindi commentary, 1st Edition, Krishnadas Acadamy, Varanasi. Trivedi

Hariharaprasad (2009), Vangasenasamhita, With „Hari‟ hindi commentary, 1st Edition, Chaukhambha Sanskrita Series Office, Varanasi.

Source of Support:

NIL

Vatsya

and Pandit Hemaraj (2006), Kashyapsamhita, with Hindi Commentary by Sri Satyapala Bhisgacharya, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Khilasthana 4/6, p.249

Conflict of Interest: None Declared

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

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