AZIZ ART May 2017
Keith Haring Behjat Sadr
National Gallery,London
Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art
1-Keith Allen Haring 10-Tehran Museum of Contemporary 13- National Gallery 17-Behjat Sadr
Director: Aziz Anzabi Editor : Nafiseh Yaghoubi Translator : Asra Yaghoubi Research: Zohreh Nazari
http://www.aziz-anzabi.com
Keith Allen Haring
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Keith Allen Haring (May 4, 1958 – shirts and experimenting with February 16, 1990) was an drugs.He studied commercial art American artist and social activist from 1976 to 1978 at Pittsburgh's whose work responded to the New Ivy School of Professional Art but York City street culture of the lost interest in it.He made the 1980s by expressing concepts of decision to leave after having read birth, death, sexuality, and war. Robert Henri's The Art Spirit (1923) Haring's work was often heavily which inspired him to concentrate political and his imagery on his own art. has become a widely recognized Haring had a maintenance job at visual language of the 20th the Pittsburgh Center for the Arts century. and was able to explore the art of Early life and education Jean Dubuffet, Jackson Pollock, and Keith Haring was born in Reading, Mark Tobey. His most critical Pennsylvania, on May 4, 1958. He influences at this time were a 1977 was raised in Kutztown, retrospective of the work of Pierre Pennsylvania, by his mother Joan Alechinsky and a lecture by the Haring, and father Allen Haring, an sculptor Christo in 1978. engineer and amateur cartoonist. Alechinsky's work, connected to He had three younger sisters, Kay, the international Expressionist Karen and Kristen.Haring became group CoBrA, gave Haring interested in art at a very early confidence to create larger age spending time with his father paintings of calligraphic images. producing creative drawings.His Christo introduced him to the early influences included Walt possibilities of involving the public Disney cartoons, Dr. Seuss, with his art. Haring's first important Charles Schulz, and the Looney one-man exhibition was in Tunes characters in Pittsburgh at the Center for the The Bugs Bunny Show.In Haring's Arts in 1978. teenage years, he left his religious background behind and hitchhiked across the country, selling vintage t-
He moved to New York to study painting at the School of Visual Arts. He studied semiotics with Bill Beckley as well as exploring the possibilities of video and performance art. Profoundly influenced at this time by the writings of William Burroughs, he was inspired to experiment with the cross-referencing and interconnection of images.In his junior/senior year, he was behind on credits, because his professors could not give him credit for the very loose artwork he was doing with themes of social activism
Early work He first received public attention with his public art in subways. Starting in 1980, he organized exhibitions at Club 57, which were filmed by the photographer Tseng Kwong Chi. Around this time, "The Radiant Baby" became his symbol. His bold lines, vivid colors, and active figures carry strong messages of life and unity. He participated in the Times Square
Exhibition and drew animals and human faces for the first time. That same year, he photocopied and pasted provocative collages made from cut-up and recombined New York Post headlines around the city.In 1981, he sketched his first chalk drawings on black paper and painted plastic, metal, and found objects.
By 1982, Haring had established friendships with fellow emerging artists Futura 2000, Kenny Scharf, Madonna and Jean-Michel Basquiat.He created more than 50 public works between 1982 and 1989 in dozens of cities around the world.His "Crack is Wack" mural, created in 1986, is visible from New York's FDR Drive.He got to know Andy Warhol, who was the theme of several of Haring's pieces, including "Andy Mouse". His friendship with Warhol would prove to be a decisive element in his eventual success.
In December 2007, an area of the American Textile Building in the TriBeCa neighborhood of New York City was discovered to contain a painting of Haring's from 1979. International breakthrough In 1984, Haring visited Australia and painted wall murals in Melbourne (such as the 1984 'Detail-Mural at Collingwood College, Victoria') and Sydney and received a commission from the National Gallery of Victoria and the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art to create a mural which temporarily replaced the water curtain at the National Gallery.He also visited and painted in Rio de Janeiro, the MusĂŠe d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Minneapolis and Manhattan.He became politically active, designing a Free South Africa poster in 1985, and in 1986, painting a section of the Berlin Wall. He was interested in working with children and this inspired the project Citykids Speak on Liberty, which involved 1,000 children collaborating on a project for the centennial of the Statue of Liberty. When asked about the
commercialism of his work, Haring said: "I could earn more money if I just painted a few things and jacked up the price. My shop is an extension of what I was doing in the subway stations, breaking down the barriers between high and low art."By the arrival of Pop Shop, his work began reflecting more sociopolitical themes, such as antiApartheid, AIDS awareness, and the crack cocaine epidemic. He even created several pop art pieces influenced by other products: Absolut Vodka, Lucky Strike cigarettes, and Coca-Cola.In 1987 he had his own exhibitions in Helsinki, Antwerp, and elsewhere. He also designed the cover for the benefit album A Very Special Christmas, on which Madonna was included. In 1988 he joined a select group of artists whose work has appeared on the label of Chateau Mouton Rothschild wine. Haring also created public murals in the lobby and ambulatory care department of Woodhull Medical and Mental Health Center on Flushing Avenue, Brooklyn. .
A rare video of Haring at work artwork for the building at 208 shows his energetic style. Haring West 13th Street. Haring chose the wrote: "I am becoming much more second-floor men's room for his aware of movement. The mural Once Upon a Time.In June, importance of movement is on the rear wall of the convent of intensified when a painting the Church of Sant'Antonio .he becomes a performance. The painted the last public work of his performance (the act of painting) life, the mural "Tuttomondo" becomes as important as the Fashion resulting painting." Haring collaborated with Grace When his friend Jean-Michel Jones, whom he had met through Basquiat died of an overdose in Andy Warhol. In 1985, Haring and New York in 1988, he paid homage Jones worked together on the two to him with his work A Pile of live performances Jones at the Crowns, for Jean-Michel Basquiat Paradise Garage, which Robert Haring was openly gay and was a Farris Thompson has called a strong advocate of safe "epicenter for black dance". Each sex;however, in 1988, he was time, Haring covered Jones' body diagnosed with AIDS. In 1989, he with graffiti. He also collaborated established the Keith Haring with fashion designers Vivienne Foundation to provide funding Westwood and Malcolm McLaren and imagery to AIDS organizations on their A/W 1983/84 Witches and children's programs, and to collection, with his artwork expand the audience for his work covering the clothing which was through exhibitions, publications most famously worn by a pinkand the licensing of his images. wigged Madonna for a Haring used his imagery during the performance of her song "Like a last years of his life to speak about Virgin" on the British pop-music his illness and to generate activism programme Top of the Pops and and awareness about AIDS.In 1989, the American TV dance program he was invited by the Lesbian and Solid Gold.Haring also collaborated Gay Community Services Center to with David Spada, a jewelry join a show of site-specific designer,
to design the sculptural adornments for Jones. Influences Haring's work very clearly demonstrates many important political and personal influences. Ideas about his sexual orientation are apparent throughout his work and his journals clearly confirm its impact on his work. Heavy symbolism speaking about the AIDS epidemic is vivid in his later pieces, such as Untitled (cat. no. 27), Silence=Death and his sketch Weeping Woman. In some of his works—including cat. no. 27—the symbolism is subtle, but Haring also produced some blatantly activist works. Silence=Death is almost universally agreed upon as a work of HIV/AIDS activism. Death Haring died on February 16, 1990 of AIDS-related complications. As a celebration of his life, Madonna declared the first New York date of her Blond Ambition World Tour a benefit concert for Haring's memory and donated all proceeds from her ticket sales to AIDS charities including AIDS
Project Los Angeles and amfAR; the act was documented in her film Truth or Dare. Additionally, Haring's work was featured in several of Red Hot Organization's efforts to raise money for AIDS and AIDS awareness, specifically its first two albums, Red Hot + Blue and Red Hot + Dance, the latter of which used Haring's work on its cover. Exhibitions Haring contributed to the New York New Wave display in 1981 and in 1982, and had his first exclusive exhibition in the Tony Shafrazi Gallery. That same year, he took part in Documenta 7 in Kassel, Germany, as well as Public Art Fund's "Messages to the Public" in which he created work for a Spectacolor Board in Times Square. He contributed work to the Whitney Biennial in 1983, as well as in the São Paulo Biennial. In 1985, the CAPC in Bordeaux opened an exhibition of his works, and took part in the Paris Biennial. Since his death Haring has been the subject of several international retrospectives. His art was the subject of a 1997 retrospective at the Whitney Museum in New York,
curated by Elisabeth Sussman. In 1996, a retrospective at the Museum of Contemporary Art Australia was the first major exhibition of his work in Australia. In 2008 there was a retrospective exhibition at the MAC in Lyon, France. In February 2010, on occasion of the 20th anniversary of the artist's death, Tony Shafrazi Gallery showed an exhibition containing dozens of works from every stage of Haring's mature work.In March 2012, a retrospective exhibit of Haring's work, Keith Haring: 1978-1982, opened at the Brooklyn Museum in New York.In April 2013, Keith Haring: The Political Line opened at the Musee d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris and Le Cent Quatre In November 2014, then at the De Young Museum in San Francisco, California.
Collections Haring's work is in major private and public collections, including the Museum of Modern Art and the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; Los Angeles County Museum of Art; the Art Institute of Chicago; the Bass Museum, Miami; MusĂŠe d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris; Ludwig Museum, Cologne; and Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam.Haring did a wide variety of public works, including the infirmary at Children's Village in Dobbs Ferry, New York,and the second floor men's room in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgender Community Center in Manhattan, which was later transformed into an office and is known as the Keith Haring room.
Tehran Museum of Contemporary
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Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, also known as TMoCA, is among the largest art museums in Iran. It has collections of more than 3000 items that include 19th and 20th century's world-class European and American paintings, prints, drawings and sculptures. TMoCA also has one of the greatest collections of Iranian modern and contemporary art. The museum was inaugurated by Empress Farah Pahlavi in 1977, just two years before the 1979 Revolution.TMoCA is considered to have the most valuable collections of modern Western masterpieces outside Europe and North America
walkway that spirals downwards with galleries branching outwards.Western sculptures by artists such as Ernst, Giacometti, Magritte and Moore can be found in the museum's gardens After the Iranian Revolution in 1979, the Western art was stored away in the museums vault until 1999 when the first post-revolution exhibition was held of western art showing artists such as Hockney, Lichtenstein, Rauschenburg and Andy Warhol.Now pieces of the Western art collection are shown for a few weeks every year but due to conservative nature of the Iranian establishment, most pieces Background will never be shown. The museum was designed by It is considered to have the most Iranian architect Kamran Diba, valuable collection of Western who employed elements from modern art outside Europe and the traditional Persian architecture. It United States, a collection largely was built adjacent to Laleh Park, assembled by founding curators Tehran, and was inaugurated in David Galloway and Donna Stein 1977.The building itself can be under the patronage of Farah regarded as an example of Pahlavi.It is said that there is contemporary art, in a style of an approximately ÂŁ2.5 billion worth of underground New York modern art held at the museum. Guggenheim Museum. Most of the museum area is located underground with a circular
The museum hosts a revolving programme of exhibitions and occasionally organises exhibitions by local artists. A touring exhibitions was planned for autumn 2016 in Berlin, Germany, consisting of a threemonth tour of sixty artworks, half Western and half Iranian. The show was to run for three months in Berlin, then travel to the Maxxi Museum of 21st Century Arts in Rome for display from March through August.However, the plan has been indefinitely postponed because the Iranian authorities have failed to allow the paintings to leave the country. Also in 2017, a larger touring exhibition is planned for the Hirshhorn Museum in
Washington, D.C.It is hoped that revenue from these tours will allow the museum to upgrade the infrastructure as well as purchase new art, something it hasn't done for over forty years. Criticism Purchasing expensive art work and opening the contemporary art museum in Tehran by the empress was a controversial topic at the day in 1977, as social and economic inequalities were rising and the government was a dictatorship not tolerating the rising opponents. Le Monde art critic AndrĂŠ Fermigier wrote an article called "A museum for whom and for what?", "questioning the link between an Iranian child and a Picasso or a Pollock
National Gallery
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The National Gallery collection.The resulting collection is is an art museum in Trafalgar small in size, compared with many Square in the City of Westminster, European national galleries, but in Central London. Founded in encyclopaedic in scope; most major 1824, it houses a collection of over developments in Western painting 2,300 paintings dating from the "from Giotto to CÊzanne"are mid-13th century to 1900.The represented with important works. Gallery is an exempt charity, and a It used to be claimed that this was non-departmental public body of one of the few national galleries the Department for Culture, Media that had all its works on permanent and Sport.Its collection belongs to exhibition, but this is no longer the the public of the United Kingdom case. and entry to the main collection is The present building, the third to free of charge. It is among the house the National Gallery, was most visited art museums in the designed by William Wilkins from world, after the MusÊe du Louvre, 1832 to 1838. Only the façade onto the British Museum, and the Trafalgar Square remains essentially Metropolitan Museum of Art. unchanged from this time, as the Unlike comparable museums in building has been expanded continental Europe, the National piecemeal throughout its history. Gallery was not formed by Wilkins's building was often nationalising an existing royal or criticised for the perceived princely art collection. It came into weaknesses of its design and for its being when the British government lack of space; the latter problem bought 38 paintings from the heirs led to the establishment of the Tate of John Julius Angerstein, an Gallery for British art in 1897. The insurance broker and patron of the Sainsbury Wing, an extension to arts, in 1824. After that initial the west by Robert Venturi and purchase the Gallery was shaped Denise Scott Brown, is a notable mainly by its early directors, example of Postmodernist notably Sir Charles Lock Eastlake, architecture in Britain. The current and by private donations, which Director of the National Gallery is comprise two-thirds of the Gabriele Finaldi.
World War II Shortly before the outbreak of World War II the paintings were evacuated to various locations in Wales, including Penrhyn Castle and the university colleges of Bangor and Aberystwyth. In 1940, as the Battle of France raged, a more secure home was sought, and there were discussions about moving the paintings to Canada. This idea was firmly rejected by Winston Churchill, who wrote in a telegram to the director Kenneth Clark, “bury them in caves or in cellars, but not a picture shall leave these islands”.Instead a slate quarry at Manod, near Blaenau Ffestiniog in North Wales, was requisitioned for the Gallery's use. In the seclusion afforded by the paintings' new location, the Keeper (and future director) Martin Davies began to compile scholarly catalogues on the collection, helped by the fact that the Gallery's library was also stored in the quarry. The move to Manod confirmed the importance of storing paintings at a constant temperature and humidity, something the Gallery's conservators had long suspected
but had hitherto been unable to prove.This eventually resulted in the first air-conditioned gallery opening in 1949. For the course of the war Myra Hess, and other musicians, such as Moura Lympany, gave daily lunchtime recitals in the empty building, to raise public morale at a time when every concert hall in London was closed.A number of art exhibitions were held at the Gallery as a complement to the recitals. The first of these was British Painting since Whistler in 1940, organised by Lillian Browse,who also mounted the major joint retrospective Exhibition of Paintings by Sir William Nicholson and Jack B. Yeats held from 1 January – 15 March 1942, which was seen by 10,518 visitors.Exhibitions of work by war artists, including Paul Nash, Henry Moore and Stanley Spencer, were also held; the War Artists' Advisory Committee had been set up by Clark in order "to keep artists at work on any pretext".In 1941 a request from an artist to see Rembrandt's Portrait of Margaretha de Geer (a new acquisition) resulted in the
"Picture of the Month" scheme, in which a single painting was removed from Manod and exhibited to the general public in the National Gallery each month. The art critic Herbert Read, writing that year, called the National Gallery "a defiant outpost of culture right in the middle of a bombed and shattered metropolis".The paintings returned to Trafalgar Square in 1945.
Behjat Sadr
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Behjat Sadr also known as Behjat Sadr Mahallāti 29 May 1924 - 11 (a well known Iranian musician and August 2009 was an Iranian composer) and had her only modern art painter whose works daughter, Kakuti (Mitra) Awarded have been exhibited in major cities the Royal Grand Prize at Tehran across the world, such as New York, Biennial 1962. Paris, and Rome.Sadr is known for her paintings that utilizing In 1979, after the Islamic a palette knife on canvases to Revolution in Iran started Sadr and create impressionistic paintings her daughter moved to Paris. featuring visual rhythm, movement and geometric shapes. Sadr was diagnosed with breast cancer in the late 1990s, but Biography continued to paint. She died at age Behjat Sadr Mahallāti was born to 85 of a heart attack on 11 August Mohammad Sadr-e Mahallāti and 2009 in Corsica. Qamar Amini Sadr in Arak, Iran on 29 May 1924 Sadr began her Legacy studies at the University of Tehran Sadr was the first female faculty of fine arts. After her contemporary painter to be graduation, she won a scholarship considered on the same level as her to the Accademia di Belle Arti in male colleagues in Iran. Rome at the Naples Academy of In 2006, Sadr was the subject of a Fine Arts. documentary film called Behjat Sadr: Time Suspended, directed by Sadr's first major exhibition was at Mitra Farahani.Which includes the twenty-eighth Venice Biennial footage of the artist at work as well in 1956. In 1957, Sadr returned to as extensive interviews. the University of Tehran as a member of faculty and taught there for almost 20 years.There she met and married her second husband Morteza Hannaneh
Group Exhibitions 1956 – Venice Biennial, Venice, Italy 1957 – Venice Biennial, Venice, Italy 1957 – Galleria Il Pincio, Rome, Italy 1962 – Venice Biennial, Venice, Italy 1962 – The 3rd Tehran Painting Biennial, Tehran, Iran 1962 – São Paulo Biennial, São Paulo, Brazil 1987 – "Iranian Contemporary Art: Four Women", Foxley Leach Gallery, Washington DC
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