'A Worthy Fight' - Volume 50, Issue 20 by The Badger Herald

STUDENT MEDIA AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 2019 · VOL 50 Issue 20 · BADGERHERALD.COM

Worthy Fight

From viral Facebook posts to Fox News appearances, the rules of the game are changing for college courses at the center of controversy. pg. 12

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FOXCONN: WE’RE HERE TO STAY 4

WATSKY AT MAJESTIC

Despite recent concerns over reconsideration of its deal with the state government, Foxconn has conﬁrmed it is moving forward with plan.

Premiere opening of Watsky’s ‘Complaint’ Tour left fans with no complaints.

Herald Public Relations Public Relations Director Marketing Director

Aidan McClain Ben Sefarbi

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FEATURE

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OPINION

William Maloney Matt O’Connor Riley Liegel Jacob Bawolek Aidan McClain Peyton David Emilie Cochran Lucas Johnson Aly Niehans Izabela Zaluska Kristin Washagan Patrick WIlliams Haidee Chu Molly Liebergall Abigail Steinberg

PERSONAL CONVICTION VACCINATION WAIVERS MUST GO

ARTSETC

SPORTS

Mandatory vaccinations for those who are medically able safeguard Wisconsin’s public health.

DIVERSIONS

FOOTBALL: PREVIEWING THE 2019 SEASON QUARTERBACK BATTLE

Wisconsin’s program over the past two decades has relied on ﬁnding players who buy into the team’s culture and commit to remaining in Madison beyond their freshman season.

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PHOTO

THE ANNUAL BATTLE FOR BASCOM

Photo Âˇ In the 10th annual Battle for Bascom, students from Lakeshore dorms defended their undefeated record against students from the Southeast dorms in an epic snowball fight. Dakota Roettger The Badger Herald

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Investigations ongoing after state finds pollutants in water supply

Madison Water Utility working with UW to monitor water supply while Department of Natural Resources investigates further cause by Quinn Link Reporter

The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources has identified eight pollutant sites in the state’s water supply systems that reveal the presence of a potentially dangerous set of unreactive chemicals. DNR spokesperson Andrew Savagian said investigations into the effects of the chemical perfluorooctanesulfonic acid on the environment are ongoing at the DNR. “This is an emerging issue nationally and locally,” Savagian said. “We’re all trying to get a feel for the nature and history behind the contaminations and what we can do once it gets into the environment or people’s wells.” The contamination is centered around the Truax Air National Guard Base, where, according to a DNR report, a fire retardant substance containing PFAS had been used. According to the report, the substance made its way into the soil near the base and eventually into shallow groundwater beneath the base. These aquifers are located within close proximity to one of Madison’s primary wells, Well 15.

The Madison Water Utility released a statement outlining the extent of the contamination of Well 15. According to this report, the levels found directly in the well were below the health hazard levels set by the Environmental Protection Agency. Testing has continued, and they have found slight increases in concentration according to a more recent report. The source of the observed increase is attributed to Truax’s location within Well 15’s groundwater capture zone. According to the EPA’s website, PFAS chemicals are man-made substances that have been used by manufacturing companies for years. They have many common uses in food packaging, commercial household products and electronics manufacturing. University of Wisconsin environmental chemistry professor Matt Ginder-Vogel said these chemicals aren’t a concern in low concentrations. But given their persistent nature, there’s nothing impeding a more dangerous and widespread contamination. “I think [PFAS] get used a lot in various liquids, to give them properties that they want,” GinderVogel said. “They practiced fighting fires at the

airport using a fire retardant that had PFAS in it, and it just ends up in the river or lakes and on down to the groundwater.” PFAS are extremely persistent in both natural environments and the human body, as they don’t break down naturally over time, according to the EPA. This property of PFAS chemicals gives them their industrial value — though it contributes directly to their continued contamination. Ginder-Vogel said Madison has two aquifers that are drawn upon, an upper unconfined aquifer that can be impacted by things on the surface, and a deep aquifer that has heavy metal contaminants. They are separated by a layer of rock in the middle, and water won’t move from the top to the bottom unless mixed, like in the case of Well 15. Previous studies identified on the EPA’s website have already found strong evidence linking high concentrations of certain PFAS chemicals to higher levels of cholesterol. “In this case, it’s do you know which chemicals you want to get rid of and which ones you don’t, and which ones are truly hazardous and which ones maybe aren’t so hazardous,” said GinderVogel.

Additional EPA studies referenced on their website have began to associate high PFAS levels with more serious health concerns. Lower infant birth rates, cancer, immune system problems and thyroid hormone disruption have all been connected to PFAS contamination. These studies aren’t as conclusive as those finding the link between high concentrations and high cholesterol. Ginder-Vogel in addition to the research on how PFAS chemicals affect environments and people — other studies are searching for strategies to contain and treat contaminated areas as well as deal with other problems surrounding drinking water. A UW civil engineering capstone project focuses on solving those issues. “I know the Madison Water Utility is working with the capstone project, so they have a choice to make,” Ginder-Vogel said. “Do you install a system to treat PFAS, or do you install a system to treat for the water quality issues you have in the deep aquifer?” The Madison Water Utility plans on continued monitoring and testing of the contaminated well and is keeping their options open on how they will address the rising concerns surrounding PFAS.

Foxconn confirms Wisconsin plant location despite reconsiderations

Foxconn’s potential pivot spark concerns in state Legislature, despite confirmation to continue project as planned by Courtney Erdman Reporter

After Foxconn Technology Group suggested a possible reconsideration of their Wisconsin deal in January, the tech giant confirmed they will build a $10 billion plant in Mount Pleasant. Discussions between President Donald Trump and Foxconn chairman Terry Gou prompted the confirmation. Foxconn planned to manufacture liquidcrystal display screens, but has since scaled back to manufacturing smaller screens, such as those on phones and laptops. The company aims to create 13,000 jobs for Wisconsin workers. Rep. Melissa Sargent, D-Madison, said she is concerned about what would happen to the land and materials purchased by Racine County for the project if Foxconn retracts the deal. She was also concerned about the project’s environmental impacts and the people who have lost their homes. “It is vital that when we provide economic development and stimulus to businesses, that we do have a way to ensure that we are actually hiring Wisconsin workers,” Sargent said in reference to Foxconn potentially hiring foreign workers. 4 • badgerherald.com • February 19, 2019

Jobs created so far include 178 full-time Foxconn employees and 854 employees involved in construction, Foxconn project director Claude Lois said in an email to The Badger Herald. Rep. LaKeshia Myers, D-Milwaukee, said there was little public input when the agreement was made. “People have been steadfast about losing their family property to Foxconn,” Myers said. “[Foxconn is] uprooting people’s whole lives that have been there.” Sargent said a lot of people in Wisconsin did not have faith in this deal to begin with. According to a Marquette Law School poll, 40 percent of respondents said Wisconsin is paying more than the plant is worth. “[Foxconn] wants to make it more so a research facility, then you have fewer jobs for a different class of worker,” Myers said. [Those jobs] would go more for white-collar professionals.” The money that has been invested cannot be put into another company for the long term or on a larger scale, Myers said. Bidding more money to keep Foxconn in Wisconsin is also not an option. Workers also need transportation to the plant, as there are some who reside in surrounding counties, Myers said. She asserted that developing or expanding the current

transportation system to accommodate these workers is a necessary step. “Transportation is an issue all over Wisconsin, especially in major urban areas,” Myers said. According to a law that allows the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation to provide $2.85 billion in state income tax credits to Foxconn, they can only receive them if they fulfill hiring and certain job requirements. If they receive tax credits but then fail to meet the requirements outlined in the Electronics and Information Technology Manufacturing Zone, they are required to pay them back within a year. The WEDC can revoke Foxconn’s certification if they leave the zone and conduct business outside of it, or if they stop operations within two months. WEDC can revoke Foxconn’s claim to tax credits if they supply false or misleading information, according to Wisconsin statutory law. The government can also issue bonds for infrastructure which are paid off by tax revenue. Bonds that may have been spent on Foxconn could not be returned if the deal closes. Investors can choose to sue Foxconn for damages if they close the deal, but it remains unclear if the money invested in Foxconn would be reallocated. Foxconn is legally obligated to fully fund the land acquisition and infrastructure work,

regardless of what they build, Lois said. It will be paid over a 10 year period, starting with a bill that will be issued in December 2019. “We have tax dollars that are invested in this and our local levels of government have invested in this,” Sargent said. “Our tech schools have invested resources in it and other businesses have put time and resources into this as well, and if this doesn’t happen the way the people believe it [will] that money will have been spent.” Sargent raised concerns about whether or not there are appropriate clawbacks put in place that would allow the state to recover financially if Foxconn closes the deal. Sargent is hopeful the change in the governor’s chair will provide a path forward that includes more voices. She pointed out that Evers and his staff are traveling Wisconsin and encouraging people to share their ideas about their concerns. The advantages of the deal are unclear because the original contract was vague and Foxconn has made some changes to the original agreement. It was rushed, Myers said. “[Foxconn has] to be upfront and let us know what the actual scope of their operation looks like,” Myers said. “If plans are going to change, they should have stakeholders from every part of the community involved in every part of each step.”

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Native American representation crucial to combat health disparities

Report finds less than two percent of graduates at UW School of Medicine and Public Health identified as Native American by Molly DeVore City Editor

Last summer, two Native American medical students approached Dr. Amy DeLong, a family physician and medical director at the Ho-Chunk House of Wellness, to tell her that she is their motivation for getting through medical school. For DeLong, she said this is just one of many reasons why Native American representation is important in the medical field. A recent report titled “Reshaping the Journey: American Indians and Alaska Natives in Medicine” highlighted the current racial disparities in most major medical schools. The report was conducted by the American Medical Association and Association of American Indian Physicians. Norma Poll-Hunter, senior director of Human Capital Initiatives at AMA, said there were a lot of motivations behind the report. “This [report] was not just about … showing that there still needs to be a more concerted effort to increase the representation of American Indians and Alaska Natives,” Poll-Hunter said. “This is also to broaden understanding of the unique needs of American Indians and Alaska Natives, and also show our member institutions some exemplars of some good that’s happening that hopefully can be replicated.” According to the report, which examined data from the last 37 years, the UW School of Medicine and Public Health has graduated only 62 students who identified as entirely or partially American Indian or Alaska Native — this out of a total of 5,481 graduates. According to the report, these low numbers are the result of many factors, both current and historical. The report details how boarding schools in particular left lasting trauma in the Native American community. “Boarding schools successfully stunted the transmission of cultural knowledge and fractured family structures,” the report said. “In too many cases, physical and psychological abuse from the boarding schools became internalized learned behaviors that were passed on from generation to generation, leaving individuals, families, and communities in physical, emotional, and spiritual distress.” Programs like UW’s Native American Center for Health Professionals work to address some of these factors and encourage Native medical students. NACHP organizes family dinners and other events for Native

American students to develop a sense of community on campus. DeLong, who sits on the advising board for NACHP, said that when she was in medical school at the University of Minnesota-Duluth, a similar program helped her through. DeLong said being away from home was a culture shock, and it was

identified as entirely or partially American Indian or Alaska Native in 2017. DeLong explained that this shortage of Native American physicians impacts the overall health of the Native American community. In Wisconsin, Native Americans suffer great health disparities, including higher rates of heart disease, diabetes and

Photo · Current statistics are result of overlapping current and historical factors, according to report. Katie Cooney The Badger Herald beneficial to be around people with similar backgrounds. Poll-Hunter pointed out the lack of representation as another contributor to these low numbers. “Sometimes [Native American] students don’t have access to quality health care and may not be able to have a physician — and then not even see a physician who looks like them,” Poll-Hunter said. “So, there is a lack of connections for role models.” This role model shortage appears to be a continuous cycle. According to AMA and AAIP’s report, there were only six medical school applicants from Wisconsin who

cancer, according to the Department of Health Services. DeLong said these disparities are impacted by a lack of reliable medical care. Many Native Americans live in rural areas, causing most physicians to stay two to three years and then leave to pursue greater economic opportunities. For people to open up to their physicians, DeLong said they need to know they are invested in the community. “In my 13 years here, I have seen more people take charge of their health … I’ve seen the trust that I’m a stable presence,” DeLong said.

Melissa Metoxen of NACHP stressed the importance of stability. She explained that when a patient feels connected to their physician, they will share more about their overall wellbeing, thereby improving the health care they receive. Poll-Hunter said a lack of diversity also leads to a lack of overall knowledge. When medical schools have very few Native American students, they are shielded from key health issues in the Native American community and are therefore unaware of the best practices to address those issues. Poll-Hunter said this lack of knowledge also affects Native American students. She cited a recent report which explained that most Americans know very little about Native Americans. “It is this invisibility that leads to a college access and completion crisis among Native American students,” the report said. “When a student is invisible, his or her academic and social needs are not met.” DeLong suggested that increasing the representation of Native Americans in the medical field would be beneficial not only for Native American communities, but for everyone. Native American physicians are more likely to practice in rural areas, where the greatest need for physicians lies. AMA and AAIP’s report also identified schools that have been successful in addressing the underrepresentation of Native American students, and explained some of their practices. S Some important steps such schools have taken include developing programs like NACHP, hiring more Native American faculty, maintaining inclusive institutions, increasing visibility and actively reaching out to Native American communities. NACHP conducts presentations in both middle schools and high schools in an effort to make connections with students early on. DeLong emphasized the importance of this kind of active recruitment, as it’s one of the reasons she attended the University of Minnesota-Duluth. Increasing programs like NACHP to recruit and support students is essential to addressing this shortage of Native physicians, DeLong stressed. Poll-Hunter said AMA is seeing a shortage of physicians across the nation, explaining that part of the motivation behind their report was to ensure all students who want to become physicians can. “Really, we need to bring talent from all across different segments of our society to ensure that we’re able to meet the nation’s health care needs — and so, just on a basic level, we just need more physicians,” PollHunter said. February 19, 2019 • badgerherald.com • 5

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UW Creative Arts Awards honor six professors, students for creativity Five awards honor artistry through different outlets, provide $84,000 in research support to University of Wisconsin art faculty, staff, students in 2019 by Azul Kothari Reporter

The spirit of activism and liberation Peggy Choy expresses through her dance existed long before she started teaching at the University of Wisconsin — long before she was even born. It existed in her great aunt, who escaped an abusive relationship on the back of a donkey. It existed in her grandfather, who fought the Japanese occupation of Korea as a member of an underground freedom movement. And it existed in her mother, who understood the issues facing indigenous Kanaka Maoli Hawaiians when she supported the Hawaiian independence movement. As an associate dance professor, Choy has worked to expand how dance is taught at UW, on both an ethnic and cultural level, specializing in Korean and Japanese dance forms as well as Asian martial and vital energy arts. “Through my dance I’m hoping to build bridges of interconnection through respect for this diversity,” Choy said. As a result of her work in dance, Choy is one of six recipients of the UW Division of the Art’s Creative Arts Awards. Together, the six different awards offer a total of $84,000 in funding towards faculty, students and staff to pursue a broad range of creative arts work. Five of the awards are given annually, and one of them bi-annually. The committee assigned with giving out the awards evaluated funding proposals on a variety of criteria, including creativity, innovation and planning. The most important criteria, however, were how the individual’s work affected the community and how it contributed to the art form, Mark Hetzler, a UW trombone professor who chaired the awards committee, said. UW digital arts professor Stephen Hilyard won one of the awards for his proposal for a new video art and film project called “Rousseau’s Daughter,” which examines the French enlightenment philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau’s philosophy and approach to child rearing. Strangely enough, Hilyard said, Rousseau formed his theories without any experience of raising children. In fact, the famed thinker fathered many illegitimate children whom he sent to an orphanage in France, where they almost certainly died. “Rousseau’s Daughter” will focus not on one of Rousseau’s children, but on Penelope, the daughter of Sir Brooke Boothby, one of Rousseau’s friends. Boothby tried to raise Penelope according to Rousseau’s philosophy, but she died before the age of six. “I was interested in how somebody could write this book that was seen as being an authority, by pure thought alone, with no connection to empirical data or experience,” Hilyard said. “He felt he could think himself into being an expert, and I think that’s interesting because, to some degree, we do that all the time.” 6 • badgerherald.com • February 19, 2019

For this project, Hilyard will blend two similar yet distinct forms of creative expression: Film and art video. In the art world, art video is thought of as an installation similar to a painting. The screen’s size, shape and location have tremendous significance, Hilyard said. Yet unlike art video, film allows for narrative characters and a longer duration. Hilyard said he has found combining the two media to be rewarding because it increases the number of locations he is able to share his work. His previous project, “Katyusha,” whose subject was a Sovietera ghost town the high arctic, started off as an art video project and ended up being a 30-minute experimental movie. “You can persuade museums that this is Photo · Awards honor creativity through music, dance and more. Recipients include faculty, students and staff. a work of art and film festivals that it’s an Riley Steinbrenner experimental movie,” The Badger Herald Hilyard said. “It expands the range of to help fund her research into influential Greek that everybody has lost somebody and everybody places you can share the work.” composer Manolis Kalomiri, considered by many is going to die,” Kallenborn said. “When you start While Hilyard’s project will focus on a man to be the father of Greek national music. In his talking about death, all of a sudden it becomes whose ideas are certainly embodied by Western compositions, he drew from Greek mythology and really universal.” philosophical tradition, many of the other awards folk tales, and was especially known for the way For her art installation in Madison, people are went to individuals who expanded their work he gave his music an authentically Greek sound, making altar boxes for Day of the Dead, which are beyond Western culture. Siampani said. filled with photographs and other mementos of lost For Choy, frustration with the dominance of “He was trying to promote authentic Greek loved ones. In particular, she remembered one man Western culture in the dance world, as well as the music outside of the borders of Greece,” Siampani tearing up because it meant so much for him to pass gap between political and artistic expression at said. “For me, it means a lot, especially with all the his culture onto his son. Dia de Los Muertos was American academic institutions, led her to discover things that have happened in Greece. The economic meaningful to him back in Mexico, but in the U.S., her political consciousness as an Asian American. crisis, and the depression. I think it’s very important he was having trouble passing on the celebration’s During the 1980s she helped start the Pacific Asian to stay true to who I am.” cultural significance to his seven-year-old. Because Women’s Alliance, which pushed the university to Human ecology professor Carolyn Kallenborn, of the Kallenborn art installation, the father and son create an Asian American Studies program. who won one of the awards, believes art can be made an altar box honoring the boy’s grandmother. “It was through the evolution of my political useful when it comes to bridging cultural divides Despite being thankful for the funding, many consciousness as an Asian American that my dance between people. She thinks she won an award for artists wish there was more funding available for came together with my politics,” Choy said. her Day of the Dead inspired art installation, which their work. Choy’s first dance production took on a strong borrowed from the Mexican Dia de Los Muertos “Generally, art funding in America is some of historical and political tone, focusing on the Korean festival, a celebration which honors and remembers the worst in the developed world,” Hilyard said. “picture brides” of the early 19th century, who deceased loved ones. “Smaller foundations and academic institutions fill came from Korea to Hawaii to marry men they had Day of the Dead is meaningful to her because that gap.” only seen in pictures. the central themes behind the festival transcend The full list of awards and recipients can be Anna Siampani, a doctoral student from Greece cultural boundaries. found on the UW Madison Division of the Arts and a recipient of the award, will use the award “What I really like about [Dia de Los Muertos] is website.

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UW Human Stem Cell Gene Editing Service in high demand Researchers across campus utilizing unique service that derives IPS cell lines for benefit of stem cell researchers by Anna Walters Campus Editor

University of Wisconsin biologist James Thomson and his lab attained the first laboratory-made human embryonic stem cells 20 years ago. Ever since, researchers have been building on this discovery, progressing the world’s knowledge of cellular biology and its potential in treating diseases. Halfway through its third year in operation, the UW Human Stem Cell Gene Editing Service has strived to further stem cell research by providing the unique service of genetically engineering induced pluripotent stem cells with the newest gene-editing tool, the CRISPR-Cas9. These IPS cells are used for an array of interdisciplinary research projects at UW. The Human Stem Cell Gene Editing Service generates cell lines so labs can focus on addressing underlying scientific questions in their varying areas of interest. Demand for these services has already prompted an expansion of the program after the UW2020 funding, which jumpstarted the program, stopped in 2017. Now, they are contemplating another expansion due to increasingly high demand. IPS cells are master stem cells that can form any cell type present in the body. Like the first embryonic stem cells discovered on campus in 1998, IPS cells can be grown indefinitely in culture, and they can also be formed into various cell types.

“Hopefully, [it] will lead to new discoveries and advance therapies. We may be able to target diseases, or in the long-term, it may even be gene-editing in patients. ”

Tim Kamp Director of UW Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center

Tim Kamp, director of the UW Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, said IPS cells are different because they are not obtained from in vitro fertilization embryos that were donated for research. Instead, they are obtained through technology. “I could take a little piece of skin or

a tube of blood from you and make a master stem cell called an induced pluripotent stem cell that is genetically identical to you and can form cell types that are genetically identical to the cells in your heart, brain, skeletal muscle, pancreas, liver and so forth,” Kamp said. “It’s pretty powerful technology to have this access to human cells.” The SCRMC has played a large role in establishing the university’s role at the forefront of the field. More than 600 scientists and students in almost 100 SCMRC labs around campus are working, teaching and studying in the field, according to a report from UW News. The CRISPR-Cas9 is the latest generation of gene editing technology. This technology allows researchers to go into the IPS cells and edit the genome with great precision. Out of over a billion base pairs of deoxyribonucleic acid, the CRISPR-Cas9 can be programmed to sort through them and find the specific gene to edit. This allows researchers to investigate specific diseases and the genetic changes that are causing them. Anita Bhattacharyya, Waisman Center investigator and assistant professor of cell and regenerative biology, co-directs the IPSC service with Su-Chun Zhang, professor of neuroscience and neurology at the Waisman Center. “[The CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing approach is] easier to carry out than older methods of genetic engineering,” Bhattacharyya said. “It can target more places in the DNA of the genome so that scientists can edit parts of genes that they are interested in. Older genetic engineering strategies didn’t work well in human stem cells, while CRISPRCas9 does.” Bhattacharyya has used the service for her own research into two genetic developmental disorders — Fragile X Syndrome and Down syndrome. Down syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome, while Fragile X syndrome is due to a single gene mutation. Using IPS cells, scientist can study and define the mistakes in neurodevelopment that lead to these syndromes, and may be able to target treatments for these disorders. Kamp’s lab is currently using the gene editing service to study Long QT Syndrome, which is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome. His research focuses on stem cells and their applications to cardiovascular research and potentially cardioregenerative medicine.

Photo · UW2020 jump-started this unique service two and a half years ago, and the demand for laboratoryderived IPS cell lines for the benefit of stem cell researchers at UW keeps increasing. Katie Cooney The Badger Herald While research does have long-term goals, such as therapy in the clinical field, investigators at this stage are focused on understanding the gene-editing process and testing it in cell culture models, not correcting genes in patients. Regarding Chinese scientist He Jiankui’s recent claim that he had produced the world’s first gene-edited babies, the international scientific community was outraged that twin girls were born from embryos that were gene-edited for HIV resistance, as consensus in the scientific community holds that engineering human embryos for reproductive purposes should be prohibited until all scientific issues are resolved. “This is a pretty powerful technology,” Kamp said. “With every big discovery like this, there is potential for advances and good to come, but there is also the chance of bad things to come. As a field, I think we are becoming more comfortable with the

idea of treating diseases with some of these advanced technologies, but the concept of genetic engineering to make better, faster, stronger people brings about a lot of problems.” The derivation of IPS cells has helped scientists avoid the ethical concerns of using human embryonic stem cells for research. Though science hasn’t yet reached the ability to engineer humans, in the short term, the Human Stem Cell Gene Editing Service is enabling research projects by giving researchers the ability to use laboratory-made human stem cells to conduct research that is efficient in furthering knowledge on certain diseases. “Hopefully, that will lead to new discoveries and advance therapies,” Kamp said. “We may be able to target diseases, or in the long-term, it may even be geneediting in patients.” February 19, 2019 • badgerherald.com • 7

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Citizen concerns, partisan issues fester ahead of state budget proposal

Transportation, education, environmental concerns remain contentious issues among Wisconsinites heading into Evers’ 2019-21 budget proposal by Nuha Dolby State Editor

As Gov. Tony Evers prepares to introduce the 2019-21 state budget Feb. 28, balancing the concerns of a Republican-controlled Legislature, his Democratic allies and citizen concerns has proven to be a challenge. John Witte, a University of Wisconsin public affairs and political science emeritus professor, said there are multiple contentious issues for Republicans and Democrats. One such issue is transportation. “There’s an agreement that roads need to be fixed — but how they pay for their roads will be contentious,” Witte said. “The Republican issue is that they refuse to raise taxes to fund that rebuilding. How are they planning to find that money — increasing the gas tax, or something else?” According to a report from 1000 Friends of Wisconsin, more than 15,000 miles of local road are “failed, very poor or poor” and need reconstruction. Additionally, more than 27,000 miles of local roads are “fair,” but need repair. Such conditions have ranked Wisconsin as 44th in road quality, according to an infrastructure rating from 2016. Evers’ campaign site listed infrastructure and transportation as a “top priority.” The site mentions his plans to work with both Democrats and Republicans, invest more in local road maintenance

and increase funding for public transit. Witte also said tax cuts could prove to be a rift as budget deliberations begin later this year. “What Evers wants to do is repeal some of the exemptions that are passed for corporations and agriculture,” Witte said. “Corporations are also paying minimal taxes — there’s really no corporate tax left in Wisconsin. Evers wants to reinstate that.” Witte said Republicans will likely oppose those measures. Rep. Dianne Hesselbein, D-Madison, the assistant Assembly minority leader, said education is a key issue for Wisconsinites. “Education has always been the number one thing I’ve heard about,” Hesselbein said. “People are very passionate about supporting the university here, along with K through 12 funding.” Hesselbein cited concerns about special education as well, saying she personally wanted to see more funding there. According to reporting from WISC, parents of special needs children at multiple schools in Madison cited poor experiences of segregated settings, a lack of curriculum, a lack of funding and staff, and inappropriate discipline. Hesselbein also mentioned a desire to keep professors rooted in Wisconsin. “Professors living in [Madison] have left due to the cutting and gutting of UW,” Hesselbein said. “There’s an erosion of public trust, and professors want be able to do their jobs without being micromanaged.”

Witte agreed that funding education was a prominent statewide concern, adding that Evers’ education background and heavy campaigning on the topic played a key role in his victory. During Evers’ first State of the State address earlier this year, he explicitly mentioned education as something he would like to see addressed in this first budget. Evers called for $600 million more for special education, restoring two-thirds funding to Wisconsin’s K-12 schools, closing achievement gaps, expanding early childhood and summer school grant programs, and increasing mental health funding as reforms he would like to see included in the budget. Evers also said his budget would offer a “clear pathway” to increasing the state’s minimum wage. Witte and Hesselbein both mentioned clean water initiatives as key for citizens, as the issue has played prominently in rural communities. “Agricultural and dairy farms produce huge amounts of manure and it’s difficult to get rid of it,” Witte said. “Putting it in tanks is hard. It can mess with the water if not properly disposed of, so that’s an issue in the water supply.” The Department of Health Services lists well contamination from manure as “a serious short-term health risk.” The site states that a number of residential wells in Wisconsin become contaminated by manure and agricultural runoff each year. The site also said manure-related issues in water

are frequently caused by liquid manure being spread during months where the soil cannot absorb it all. Witte said the drilling of wells is another cause for citizen concern over water quality. “There are deep capacity wells being drilled in the middle of state,” Witte said. “They can use one million gallons a day. It’s a very contentious issue.” Reporting from Wisconsin Watch found that high-capacity wells can exacerbate the statewide issue of arsenic in water. The oxygen that causes the issue can be introduced to water sources by well drilling and disinfection methods. The article cited a report that said levels of arsenic in water above the federal standard had been detected in 51 of Wisconsin’s 72 counties. Hesselbein said a key difference in Wisconsin’s state government compared to many others is Evers’ “selective veto pen.” Evers has the ability to reject specific portions of the budget, without rejecting the budget outright. “The vetoes have to be specific ... ,” Hesselbein said. “It’s tricky, and I’m not entirely sure what Governor Evers is going to do.” Witte added that this feature would make for this session to be one of “particular interest.” Hesselbein stressed that she wanted students to come out and take part in the process as well. “I encourage young voices to be heard, and to let people know what matters to you,” Hesselbein said. “Your voices are valid, important and we need to hear from you.”

After historic summer rainfall, preventative flooding measures released County releases report detailing flood prevention measures, identifies ‘Dredging,’ pumping to reroute water among ways to reduce damage

by Maddy Phillips City Editor

After analyzing the flooding from the Yahara Chain of Lakes in summer 2018, the Dane County Land and Water Resources Department released a report proposing preventative measures the county could take against flooding of the same scale in the future. Dane County experienced millions of dollars worth in damages from the flooding of lakes Mendota, Monona, Waubesa and Kegonsa. In their 2019 budget, the county allocated $18 million for “flood recovery, lake health, future resiliency” alongside the creation of a “lake levels task force,” which will review the report and make policy recommendations to officials before March 31. The report’s results said the scenarios yielding the best possible results for preventing these levels of flooding in the future were to combine “dredging” and pumping to reroute the flow of water between lakes Monona and Waubesa. Civil and environmental engineering Assistant Professor Daniel Wright said to reduce damages 8 • badgerherald.com • February 19, 2019

from this level of flooding, it’s necessary to keep up with rainwater as it falls and to move water that has become runoff downstream through Madison’s chain of lakes. “Unfortunately, for a combination of reasons — mainly related to the maintenance of high water levels on the lakes and the overgrowth of aquatic plants in the narrow rivers that connect them due to overuse of fertilizers, the speed at which water moves through this chain of lakes has become very slow,” Wright said in an email to The Badger Herald. Wright said stricter design standards in managing stormwater as runoff and better management of lake levels are necessary to reduce the impacts this kind of flooding had in Dane County. Mitigation measures, such as bridge modification, have already begun to be put into play. Dane County Executive Joe Parisi announced $200,000 worth of funding has been set aside for bridge modification for the Yahara Bridge Project, for the removal of sediment and improving water

flow. “This investment will help Dane County’s infrastructure keep up with the solutions we develop to manage our changing climate,” Parisi said in a press release. “The additional funds move us in the right direction to better manage water flow.” The report’s evaluation on bridge modification scenario yielded results showing minor benefits by having slightly “fewer days above the summer maximum target than occurred with the narrow bridges present.” LWRD John Reimer said that, while the potential difficulties of each proposed solution is not yet known, the residents’ input will be considered in any potentially implemented scenario. “Hopefully the task force can come to a solution with the public after asking what they would like to see,” Reimer said. Reimer said the report recognized the increase in rainfall and the change in weather patterns but did not directly address climate change. The change in rainfall patterns, since the 1930s especially, was highlighted in the report, which runs parallel to

climate change. Wright said Madison isn’t adapting its flood mitigation techniques quickly enough with climate change. The design standards imposed on engineers are based on outdated statistics that underestimate the risks the city has associated with heavy rainfall in our changing climate, he said. “This leads to the continued construction of infrastructure that is insufficient to provide the needed levels of protection,” Wright said. With high carbon emissions, it is likely the U.S. will continue to see storms moving from The Gulf Coast to the Midwest as the county did in August, Wright said. Wright said raising design standards to fit and reflect new climate won’t be enough to prevent this level of damage, though. “More comprehensive planning, centralized policy and infrastructure solutions are needed — for example, to improve management of lake levels in anticipation of future floods, and to make sure that stormwater detention ponds are built and maintained so that they will perform during flood emergencies,” Wright said.

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‘Into the Woods’ musical features multiple Brothers Grimm stories

UW musical to premiere at Shannon Hall Thursday with support from University Theater, University Opera, UW students, theatre faculty by Emilie Burditt ArtsEtc. Editor

Critically acclaimed book, movie and musical “Into the Woods” will premiere at the University of Wisconsin Thursday, Feb. 21. The show brings together stories from the Brothers Grimm fairy tales, such as Cinderella, Jack and the Beanstalk, Little Red Riding Hood, and Rapunzel. In the musical, the characters are all searching for a wish to make their lives better. After some have their wishes granted, it doesn’t turn out exactly how they thought it would, and the characters’ paths cross in this fairy tale classic. UW’s University Theater and University Opera have joined together to present the musical this spring, whose music and lyrics were written by Stephen Sondheim. The show is produced by UW professors, including director David Ronis and stage manager Jahana Azodi. Students assisted in lighting, design, costume, backstage, production coordination, acting, music and marketing. Assistant stage manager and UW student Molly Frisch is excited to be working with the cast, and she knows their hard work will pay off soon. Frisch deals with any of the physical aspects

of the show, like scene and costume changes. Though the show will be ready for viewers this Thursday, Frisch said the production experienced multiple setbacks. Frisch said the public doesn’t realize how much effort has been put into the show by students and staff. She wants to give a huge shoutout to all those who have helped in its process.

“The thing about this show is that it really does take the beautiful part of the magic of those classic fairy tales, and it really puts them in situations that we deal with in every day.” Molly Frisch

“In this day and age, the arts is so often shelved off as something ‘creative,’” Frisch said. “Once I got into stage management, I realized so much of it is the designers taking

the mathematics, the budget, the physics of it all ... counting for weight, height, temperature, atmospherics. It’s taking all the analytical stuff ... and marrying it with that beauty of art and creativeness and flow.” Frisch said the audience can expect a multitude of different mechanics, as the show even includes flying dresses. “Into the Woods” talks about different fairy tales, but a lot of them intertwine together. “It’s a show that has a little something for everyone,” Frisch said. “It brings them to life, and it makes them real people. I think Cinderella says it best in the show when she talks to the prince and she says, ‘My father ’s house was a nightmare, your house is a dream. I’m looking for something in between.’ The thing about this show is that it really does take that beautiful part of the magic of those classic fairy tales, and it really puts them in situations that we deal with in every day.” Frisch said these situations could be something like having your partner cheat on you, not being able to have a child or not being able to financially support your family. She said the show is relatable while also being familyfriendly. Michael Kelley, who plays the baker in “Into

the Woods,” said the show is really about family. Kelley said the show starts off seeming childish, but that “it’s an incredibly mature show, despite the fact that it’s about fairy tales.” Kelley said he loves the music in “Into the Woods.” He said that whoever goes to see the show will most likely continue listening to the soundtrack afterward. Kelley is a baritone, and he loves to sing. His favorite song in “Into the Woods” is “Stay with Me.” He said the song has “loose” rhythms and is a free-flowing piece that stands out in the show. “Every piece of music in ‘Into the Woods’ has this motor built into it,” Kelley said. “This driving motor that pushes the show forward.” Kelley has found it to be an incredible experience working in “Into the Woods.” Of the multiple shows he has been a part of, “Into the Woods” has some of his favorite music. He finds the design “mind-blowing,” and he said everyone’s hard work has been and will pay off. “Come to the show,” Kelley said. “You won’t be disappointed.” Tickets cost $10 for UW students and $32 for the general public. The show will run from Feb. 21-24.

While ‘Global Get Down’ brings camaraderie, Memorial Union falls short

Event at Tripp Commons in Memorial Union disappointing as audience turnout, enthusiasm was low for celebration of international artistry by William Lundquist ArtsEtc. Staff Writer

The University of Wisconsin Memorial Union serves many purposes. Within its walls, students can studey, eat at a variety of restaurants and grab a drink with friends. Such variety can limit one from exploring the full potential of the building. Like most buildings on campus, Memorial Union is rather large, with room for many events throughout the course of the day. Friday, I went to “Global Get Down: An International Dance Party.” The event promised free food, international dance music, games and performances from student organizations. Any event with free food immediately piques my interest, so I trudged through the cold to the warmth of the union. The Global Get Down was held in Tripp Commons, which was set up with chairs along its walls, a long snack table, a DJ table and a large dance floor with balloons all over it. The food selection was decent, consisting mostly of desserts, pita chips, vegetables,

hummus and drinks. When I sat down to eat my food, I noticed a large Connect 4 game on the ground, and I went over to play a game with some people who were sitting nearby. I introduced myself and, while we were playing, I asked why they came to this event. “I came for the free food,” UW student Niru Archanta said. “I wasn’t expecting it to be much of a dance party but I am disappointed in how many people showed out.” He was alluding to the emptiness of the room, which felt so spacious because all the furniture had been moved out of the way. Most people were either sitting and eating, or playing “keep the balloon up” in a circle. The music was also unremarkable, mostly because very few people were dancing to it. I didn’t think the music was bad, but the atmosphere was not conducive to dance music. Lucas Peterson, another attendee, alluded to the atmosphere of the event. “This would be such a dope venue if it weren’t a university building,” Peterson said.

When people think of a dance party, they usually think alcohol, and usually not university buildings. The Global Get Down, however, attempted to defy both by throwing a dance party in a university building with no alcohol. In my opinion, that caused them to ultimately come up short of what could have been a more memorable dance party. Perhaps the most important and effective aspect of the event was to display the talent of student organizations, such as Jewop A Capella and LANSe workshop. The Union may not be able to host dance parties, but I don’t think any student would really expect it to. It may advertise some events like this, but the Global

Get Down was really an opportunity for clubs to throw an event which showcased their artistic expression.

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Watsky’s ‘Complaint’ tour creates thrilling environment at Majestic

Wastky opens tour premiere with Camila Recchio, Kush Mody at exciting, lively performance where he jumped on stage for ‘climatic energy’ by Angela Peterson ArtsEtc. Editor

It’s always interesting to observe The Majestic Theater before a concert from within the confines of Colectivo on the Square — my favorite prereview spot. But I have to admit that this time, the view was quite frightful as I ordered my medium Cold Brew Horchata. This was, of course, because of the line stretching the entire length of King Street to see Watsky perform. Rapping and reciting since he was 15 years old, Watsky partially credits an HBO Def Jam poetry show for inspiring his passion. “I fell in love with wordplay and writing and storytelling around the same time,” Watsky said. “I got really involved in the youth poetry scene … I never looked back.” Though there were many complaints from concertgoers waiting in the approximately 0 degree temperatures for 40 minutes to enter the venue, there were no complaints about Watsky’s performance. This happened to be the first stop on Watsky’s “Complaint” Album Tour, promoting his January release of the same name. But while Madison was the first stop of this tour, the performance was not Watsky’s first in Wisconsin. “I used to play college campuses as my main gig for years from 2008-12,” Watsky said prior to the start of the show. “ I love the college scene. There’s always a lot of curiosity in college students because they’re going to class every day and grappling with interesting concepts and then applying it to their lives ... I’ve played most of the UW campuses. I’ve got love for Wisconsin.” The night started off on a great note with Feed the Biirds, which consists of Camila Recchio and Kush Mody. Both musicians also accompanied Watsky during his act, though they made it very clear their non-rap filled music deserved to be heard by itself. The pair displayed thorough musicianship during their set, particularly on songs where multi-instrumentalist Mody killed it on the keyboard. Recchio’s voice was entrancing, particularly during the song “She Came.” It was a breath of fresh air to hear this piece describing a lesbian relationship, bringing further representation into lyrical language that is still severely underrepresented. From someone who sadly had Benedictine Monks as the number one artist on their year-end Spotify playlist (my Survey of Western Music History course kicked my butt), Feed the Biirds will definitely be getting streams from me this semester. Grieves, a Seattle-based rapper, came to the stage next. His Whiskey-fueled set was fun and self-worth affirming. Particularly jovial moments came as he clinked beverages with audience members, remarking at the size of one patron’s beverage being “illegal in 17 states.” 10 • badgerherald.com • February 19, 2019

Watsky’s infectious energy captured the audience when he took the stage late into the night, meeting his pre-show expectations. “I think a good concert to me is like a good album. It takes you on a journey,” Watsky said. “I try to build a real climatic energy into my shows and end with a bang and end with people feeling affirmed that we shared a genuine experience as human beings.” Watsky fully utilized the Majestic space throughout his performance, including jumping on the stage left speaker and launching himself and his mic stand vertically into the crowd. Old favorites such as “Don’t Be Nice” riled up the crowd, but new songs from Complaint were welcome additions to Watsky’s set, including “No Complaints, No Conversation” and “Limos 4 Emos.” “Whitecaps” was a great addition to his encore set, utilizing icebergrelated lyricism to compel a more cynical view of the world. Even with the blazing energy at the show, Watsky managed to create truly touching moments throughout. These came off as genuine and not at all schmaltzy, which in my book is quite the feat. The first of these moments came in a duet with Recchio, “Sloppy Seconds.” The slow song was a great change of pace from the lightning fast raps featured in the rest of this section of the performance. Watsky’s self-proclaimed straight-toned vocals blended marvelously with Recchio’s in this low-key ballad. The second moving moment came towards the end of the show as Watsky performed “Tiny Glowing Screens.” Prior to the start of the piece, Watsky noted his complicated relationship with religion, ultimately settling on music as his religion and the importance of throwing oneself into a concert. “When you live in the moment and feel, you leave with a little bit of god in you,” Watsky said. “Tiny Glowing Screens” is a three-part tour de force, encapsulating a grand scope in its references to the universe. Though the vast swathes of words hitting the crowd sometimes got buried in the pure speed of it all, one phrase in this piece stuck with me and, as I celebrate the anniversary of my foray into journalism and at times feel stuck in my sometimes overwhelming work of constantly writing articles, I am unable to get it out of my head: “Every time I write, I get to choose the angle that you view me and select the nicest light.” It’s rare to have that personal resonance in a concert like this, and Watsky’s plea for selfreﬂection was able to touch that nerve for me. All I know is, I’m choosing the angle to view Watsky in the nicest light, and I have no complaints.

Photo · Watsky belts out a song in premiere of ‘Complaint’ Tour Angela Peterson The Badger Herald

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Madison restaurants working toward sustainable food practices Businesses use environmentally-friendly methods to reduce waste, bottles, aluminum in effort to minimize citywide carbon footprint by Emily Penn ArtsEtc. Staff Writer

Focusing on sustainability efforts is by no means a new idea, but local Madison restaurants are taking steps to protect the environment. James Juedes, manager at Casetta Kitchen and Counter, said limiting his business’s carbon footprint has been a priority since it opened in February 2017. Located one block from the Capitol, Casetta is known for their deli sandwiches, which are made-to-order on freshly baked bread. Since day one, all of Casetta’s cutlery, drinks and food have been served on plantbased, biodegradable material. Juedes said the business produces a lot of disposables, so focusing on eliminating as much waste as possible is important. Casetta stays away from plastic and styrofoam because they do not degrade. Casetta also strives to be sustainable in the food he produces. The business tries to use local produce rather than food shipped across the world, Juedes said. “All Madison restaurants are blessed to have such a great network of farmers that come right to our door,” Juedes said. Juedes said Casetta focuses on local, inseason foods, such as root vegetables. The restaurant’s seasonal sides rotate to reflect these locally-sourced offerings. But Juedes also said Casetta can’t survive on local produce alone. “As a restaurant, you do need things that aren’t growing in the middle of the winter in Wisconsin,” Juedes said. “We do our best.” For Casetta, practically pursuing environmentally sustainable practices means finding a healthy balance between profitability and waste reduction. Juedes said it’s important for all restaurants to do what they can to be sustainable. Tom Eggert, a senior lecturer in business sustainability at the University of Wisconsin, said there are many ways for businesses to be sustainable beyond pursuing more expensive routes, like switching to plantbased cutlery. Maximizing energy efficiency is a simple way to practice sustainability, Eggert said. “A company that switches out incandescent light bulbs for LEDs are not only saving money, but they are emitting 90 percent less carbon to light their restaurant,” Eggert said. “It’s a dual win.” Ian’s Pizza, another local Madison restaurant with two locations, believes in what they call the Triple Bottom Line model. According to Ian’s website, this model refers to “People, Planet and Profits.” Specializing

in pizza by the slice, Ian’s also features an extensive salad bar. Zach Chapman, marketing director at Ian’s said the restaurant has made it a mission to eliminate as much plastic as

“We aren’t doing it to gain more business,” Chapman said. “It’s just the right thing to do.” Chapman said the Madison market is knowledgeable and wants to support

Photo · Ian’s Pizza maintains sustainable practices, such as maximizing energy efﬁciency and using biodegradable products. Emily Penn The Badger Herald possible. Their drinks are served in glass bottles, aluminum cans or boxed water, and they have stopped offering plastic straws and lids for their fountain drinks. Chapman said they have made the switch to plantbased materials for items including their water cups, salad containers, cutlery and straws. Chapman also said they encourage customers to reuse their pizza boxes. Customers who reuse their box get a punch on a card that grants them a free slice of pizza upon completion. Ian’s even has signage that helps make consumers more aware of their waste, with posters that advertise their “boxes do grow on trees.” Trying to reduce the size of their carbon footprint has always been part of Ian’s core values, Chapman said. Every year, Ian’s is a sponsor for the Sustain Dane Summit. This summit aims to bring an array of people together with keynote speakers and performers to talk about sustainability issues.

eco-friendly businesses, and that Ian’s sustainability efforts help explain its popularity in the local community. Eggert echoed that sentiment, saying that consumers want to spend their money at businesses that maintain corporate responsibility and strong ethical standards. “When [a consumer] gives a business their money, they want some control over what kind of behavior that business is engaged in,” Eggert said. Like Casetta, Ian’s tries to use local food when they can, Chapman said. Chapman said the business tries to buy local, especially in the summer season. He said

the restaurant replenishes their salad bar with produce from local farmers markets twice a week in the summer. “The population is growing, and it’s just our duty to leave the planet in a better place than we found it,” Chapman said. A couple of years ago, Ian’s took additional steps to eliminate food waste by participating in a pilot compost program. Unfortunately, the city has since put a halt to the operation. Eggert said that while businesses are worried about customers, they are also worried about employees. Today’s employment market is competitive. Eggert said people want to work somewhere they feel is making a difference — and offering money isn’t always enough. Eggert said these principles extend all the way down to restaurants. Employees have a skill set allowing them to move around between food establishments. “Employees are driven by what the company’s values are and what they stand for,” Eggert said. While many Madison restaurants practice good sustainability efforts, Eggert said greenwashing — appearing to be more environmentally friendly than you really are — is a perception the general public tends to hold toward many companies. Though Eggert doesn’t think this is a big problem in the restaurant industry, it is something for other industries to keep in mind. “Right now this is the only planet that we have to live on,” Chapman said. “It’s important for us to take care of it.”

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As historic centers of controversy, universities today grapple with new challenges to old problems

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Recent backlash to political science course syllabi prompt discussion of curriculum development, role of higher education

by Matt O’Connor Editor-in-Chief

In 1951, William Buckley rose to prominence as a conservative intellectual with the publication of his book “God and Man at Yale.” The work criticized what Buckley viewed as a university environment and faculty hostile to religious expression and political conservatism. It was the first of several works that would establish him as a leading voice in the “New Right” of the 1950s and 60s. Sixty years later, Tucker Carlson, a different spokesperson for a different “New Right,” would espouse similar sentiments during a segment entitled “Campus Craziness” on his Fox talk show. Joining him was University of Wisconsin student McKenna Collins, there to speak about what she viewed as the latest instance of liberal “political proselytizing” on college campuses — in this case, a political science class syllabus she believed inappropriately singled-out President Donald Trump in a class meant to exist above the fray of partisan politics. Collins’ appearance came months after the syllabus from a political science class on terrorism sparked controversy over what UW student Ali Khan called a “one-dimensional, single-faceted and inherently violent” characterization of jihad. Khan’s views, which were shared on Facebook, spread rapidly at UW and beyond. Preceding both of these incidents was “The Problem of Whiteness,” a UW African Cultural Studies course that garnered national headlines and intense controversy. On the right, conservative state legislators called on the university to cancel the class and fire its professor, while those on the left defended the necessity of such a course for the UW campus. These repeated incidents of course controversy — all falling within the last two years — have prompted a question about whether this is the new normal in what has been described as a hyper-polarized and politicized climate. And while Buckley’s 1951 critique of higher education precedes our current political moment by more than a few decades, the new challenges that social media and increasingly splintered news consumption pose to this old problem make for an uncertain future. But before all that — before the controversy and the syndicated talk show appearances, before the viral Facebook posts and the debates in the state Legislature, before any controversies over course syllabi can enter our collective consciousness and affect the way we think about higher education — the university performs an intense and multi-tiered process of review and approval when creating new courses and reforming established ones. Course development All courses at UW — from cornerstone classes that define a major to their niche counterparts — stem from and are consistently subject to a bureaucratic review process conducted at varying levels within UW’s institutional framework. Greg Downey, an associate dean in the UW College of 12 • February 19, 2019 • badgerherald.com

Letters and Science, said the formation of new courses can follow two paths. One way is through a professor ’s own initiative, based on their expertise in a particular topic. The other is through a mandated curriculum review required by the university at least once every 10 years. Downey said those mandated curriculum reviews may reveal the need for a new course as the university attempts to stay up-to-date with industries adjusting to changing times and changing priorities. “Holes in the curriculum or new ideas for the curriculum are identified from that review,” Downey said. “That’s a collective process — all those faculty and instructors from that department are talking about it and they bring that review up to the college level.” As an example, Downey said a recent curriculum review within the School of Journalism and Mass Communication identified the need for a course focused on data visualization and data-driven reporting — a course which the school has since implemented. But whether a new course is prompted through a mandated curriculum review or through a professor ’s initiative, the same hierarchical, peer review process awaits it. Downey said courses must undergo a review and approval process with at least three curriculum committees — one at the department level, one at the college level, and, finally, one at the university level. These committees examine a new course’s learning goals, its ability to meet them and the way they fit with the rest of the university’s established curriculum. If approved, new courses don’t typically become immediately enshrined into the course catalog with permanent status. Typically, Downey said such classes will first undergo a period as a topics course. From there, they may transition into permanent courses taught repeatedly and consistently. But it’s not just new courses that undergo an intense, multi-tiered review process. Downey said established classes are also subject to continuous review from committees embedded at several points within UW’s expansive bureaucracy. “That review serves both to help instructors and professors become better teachers, and to help the course change and become a better course,” Downey said. “It always has those two simultaneous goals when we’re trying to review a course.” The university has a few tools at its disposal when reviewing established courses beyond those curriculum committees. Other such methods include student evaluations at the end of each semester, examinations of professors on track for tenure and changes made by rotating professors as they inherit courses from each other. Downey stressed that across the university, in all departments and colleges, courses change and interact with each other and that makes them better — better for students, for faculty, and for the university’s ability to provide a comprehensive and innovative education. “I think too often we see courses as these single, solitary things, and they’re really not that. They’re tied together,” Downey said.

Despite the multiple layers of oversight and approval that go into reviewing established courses and developing new ones, professors enjoy relative autonomy in deciding what to include in their syllabi, outside of baseline university or general education requirements. That autonomy is crucial as professors provide a unique learning experience and curate scholarship they believe to be best fit for the established learning goals. But as seen in recent years, it inevitably allows for criticism and controversy in courses that address sensitive and inherently politicized topics. Course controversy UW political science professor Andrew Kydd said he didn’t expect any controversy over his terrorism class syllabus. In designing the course that he’s taught in various forms for many years, Kydd decided last year to include a section entitled “jihad.” He said it was only the first or second time he’s used the word as a section title, but it would prove to be at the heart of students’ objections last semester. Khan, a student enrolled in the class, said that Kydd’s characterization of jihad was too narrowly focused on its connections to violence and terrorism, rather than jihad of other forms — such as those “by the heart, tongue and hand,” as he said in his original Facebook post. Kydd said his use of the word wasn’t meant to offend, but was rather a “convenient, one-word label” for terrorist groups who self-identify as such. While the concept of “jihad” and its connections to violent action are admittedly complicated and difficult to adequately encapsulate, Kydd said it is a topic nonetheless vital to our current understandings of terrorism. “I had that section because there’s no getting around the fact that terrorism from these groups has been incredibly important on the world stage and for the U.S. in the past 20 years,” Kydd said. “You’ve got to cover that, and you’ve got to cover it in-depth in a course on terrorism.” Kydd said he took no issue with Khan’s objections or the way that he went about expressing them, but said he believes discussing and talking through issues is most productive for everyone involved. Downey echoed that sentiment, and stressed that speaking with one’s professors is the “first and most effective” thing a student can do to address any concerns or issues that may arise with a particular course. “I’m speaking for myself here, but I think I’m speaking for every other instructor I’ve ever talked to — we love it when students engage [with the course material],” Downey said. “We invite students to comment on our teaching in course evaluations at the end of the semester, but we also invite them to engage with the course all the way through.” To Downey’s credit, such actions have proved fruitful in the past. Mariah Skenandore, a Native American UW student, said she spoke with the teaching assistant in her Native American studies class about certain portions of the course curriculum she found to be offensive, such as the use of the term “Indian” to refer to Native populations. Skenandore said her TA was responsive, and even changed portions of the syllabus to reflect the issues she raised — something which she said could prove to be an

effective model for other students to engage in their own experiences. “Even in the short interactions I had with my TA, they completely changed their curriculum in certain areas based on the conversations we had — and I was the only Native student that reached out to them about it,” Skenandore said. “If I said that and I had this issue with this one little thing, imagine if you asked ten Native students — then you’ll probably get more and better feedback.” But not all UW students have reported feeling safe or comfortable enough to do that. Skenandore said she and many other students of color feel “silenced” on campus, something which discourages many from speaking with their professors or raising concerns in class. “If we’re actually given a platform and actually given a voice and actually listened to and people responded to us, then we would feel safer speaking up about those things,”

racism in class discussions and elsewhere have spiked since Trump’s election. Accompanying that spike is a perception of increased polarization and hyper politicization — a notion that nothing is above partisan bickering or ideological divides. In that regard, the UW campus is no exception. Students saw that play out earlier this semester when Collins, a UW student enrolled in a political science course on the American presidency, objected to a paragraph on professor Kenneth Mayer ’s syllabus. The paragraph highlighted a series of unsavory details about Trump and his inner circle — from Russian hacking, to the investigation into collusion, to an inner-circle convicted of a host of crimes. Collins said she took issue with the paragraph because its “implicit bias against Trump supporters robbed students of the opportunity to think objectively about the subject matter and formulate

“If what we’re doing isn’t somewhat controversial or if someone doesn’t find it worthy of comment or critique or argument or discussion, then I feel like we’re not doing it right.” — Greg Downey Associate Dean, UW College of Letters and Sciences Skenandore said. “I don’t blame students for not speaking up when they feel those things, because the experience when I did speak up was really exhausting for me.” That’s a sentiment Khan echoed in his Facebook post, as he stressed that “constantly debating with professors, stepping up to always teach others, and simply being present around this type of rhetoric is emotionally taxing.” Downey said ethnic studies and related courses are hard to teach, because they often include students who do not come from diverse communities or who have limited experiences with multicultural environments. Such conditions, Downey said, inevitably affect how those students approach and respond to those courses. To address that issue, Downey said the university has employed committees that examine how it can improve its teaching of ethnic studies courses. “The faculty members and instructors and teaching assistants who teach those courses talk a lot about the best way to teach [them] — the best way to meet learning outcomes, the best way to meet students from all the different places and histories and vantage points — to make sure conversations are productive and civil, but also that they aren’t constrained,” Downey said. While concerns of students of color over how the university teaches its ethnic studies courses are by no means a new phenomenon, Skenandore said issues of

their own opinions.” Collins took to Facebook with her concerns, and her post quickly gained considerable attention — so much so that she appeared on Carlson’s nationally broadcast and widely followed talk show. On that segment, Carlson said “it’s no secret that political indoctrination is replacing teaching in many college classrooms” — a parallel to Buckley’s critique in “God and Man at Yale.” But Carlson’s comment and his “Campus Craziness” segment expand beyond that moment. Everything about his Fox News show is a testament to our current political climate — the mere existence of an overtly conservative talk show advertised as news, aired on an overtly conservative news channel, watched by primarily conservative viewers. Switch channels to MSNBC, and one might find something similar for those on the left. The scenario isn’t unique, and it isn’t limited to media. College campuses, for many years, have been centers of controversy, homes to bitter fights over our country’s political evolution. The prognosis, many professors have told me, lies in this truth — the controversies over college courses don’t stem from Trump’s arrival, and they certainly won’t end with his departure.

Nothing new That college campuses are home to some of the most intense controversies and political fights is a testament to the power they hold in shaping our country’s future and molding our perceptions of the present. But while critiques of academia’s perceived liberal tilt are not a new development, tools like social media have made it easier to heighten and widely broadcast them. In Kydd’s experience, he said Khan’s Facebook post facilitated a surprisingly quick response to an issue Khan raised mere hours before. And when Collins posted a similar Facebook post this semester, it would take her from a UW classroom to Carlson’s nationally broadcast newsroom in a matter of hours. “I think these things get politicized more quickly these days than previously, and the speed with which it can happen and the reach that it has is kind of amazing,” Kydd said. “In the case of professor Mayer ’s course, the student objected to the syllabus on day one and within two nights she was on Tucker Carlson’s show.” Kydd compared the scenario to Buckley’s book. Both named specific professors in their critique, both suggested the classroom had become a place of political indoctrination and both were well received from audiences prone to agree with them. The difference lies in their respective timelines. In what was an inevitably prolonged process, Buckley’s book had to be carefully written and developed, picked up by a publisher, and gain traction with readers. Now, anyone with a particularly poignant message and access to a social media platform can quickly broadcast it for the world to hear. So while universities have always been and are likely to remain centers of controversy and heated debate, the rules of the game are changing. What that means for the future of academia is unclear, but the increased incidence of course controversies on this campus and at ones like it around the country may be suggestive of a larger trend. But Downey said that won’t stop the university from fulfilling its role as an institution of higher education, debate and intellectual stimulation. Inherent to teaching important topics is a certain degree of controversy, but that doesn’t have to be a bad thing. It can also be an indicator that a topic is worth talking about — that it’s viscerally important enough for members of the community to hold a deeply-held, personal stake in how it’s taught. “If what we’re doing isn’t somewhat controversial or if someone doesn’t find it worthy of comment or critique or argument or discussion, then I feel like we’re not doing it right,” Downey said. Such sentiments seem to refer back to the Wisconsin Idea — to that “continual and fearless sifting and winnowing” in search of the truth. What the future holds for academia in this intense political moment remains to be seen, and the role of emerging media promises to pose unpredictable challenges. But one thing appears to be certain — institutions of higher education will continue to be centers of controversy as long as the future is something worth fighting over.

badgerherald.com • February 19, 2019 • 13

OPINION

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President’s power to pass tariffs erodes congressional authority Wisconsin representative’s new bill must be passed to rightfully limit president’s delegated authority, rebalance power by Andrew Stein Columnist

Cutting down on presidential authority? Yes, please. The Bicameral Congressional Trade Authority Act, introduced by Rep. Mike Gallagher, R-Green Bay, is an attempt to do just that. It would limit the president’s authority to impose tariffs on imports which the Department of Commerce deems a threat to national security. This authority was granted by Congress in the national security clause of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, Section 232. Conversely, the U.S. Reciprocal Trade Act, introduced by Rep. Sean Duffy, R-Ashland, would do just the opposite — expand executive tariff authority. Constitutionally, Congress has the authority “to regulate commerce foreign Nations [sic].” But in 1962, Congress delegated some of this authority to the executive branch. This act seems to violate the Constitutional non-delegation doctrine — article one, section one — which states that as Congress is vested with “all legislative powers,” it may not delegate such powers to anyone else. Now, Congress has obviously and repeatedly violated this doctrine. But the Supreme Court has allowed most delegations of legislative power for reasons of expediency or expertise. In the 1825 case Wayman v. Southard, the Court’s decision upheld the constitutional right of Congress to delegate legislative power. The ruling said once policy was set by Congress, its administration could be delegated to any authorized member of the government. This case laid the ground for the creation of government regulatory agencies.

“This bill is the first step in a long, arduous and necessary process of reigning in presidential overreach... ” More recently, in the 2001 case of Whitman v. American Trucking Assns., Inc., the Court affirmed the right of Congress to delegate its power to the executive branch after it granted the Environmental Protection Agency authority in determining ambient air 14 • February 19, 2019 • badgerherald.com

Photo · Passing the Bicameral Congressional Trade Authority Act would return the power delegated to the executive branch back to Congress. Marissa Haegele The Badger Herald quality standards. Over time, the Court has relaxed the nondelegation principle and has established a legal test to determine whether a delegation is legitimate. Delegations must “lay down by legislative act an intelligible principle to which the person or body authorized to [act] is directed to conform.” In this case, Congress previously delegated its tariff powers to the president. The Bicameral Congressional Trade Authority Act would remove the president’s nearly unfettered authority. This bill must pass. Granting the president legislative powers expands the executive branch and detracts from congressional power. Moreover, delegating powers to the executive branch violates the principle of checks and balances. This issue of delegated powers is best exemplified by President Donald Trump’s tariffs on steel and aluminum. Recently, Trump announced his desire to tack a 25

percent tariff on auto imports. He has argued that these tariffs are necessary to protect national security, particularly following layoffs at General Motors. What does this have to do with national security? If protecting failing firms is a national security issue, than anything could be argued as a national security issue (as determined by the Department of Commerce), thereby allowing the president to enact tariffs essentially at will and without Congressional approval. Such executive action is in violation of the Constitution. There is no further statutory guidance provided to the president beyond “national security.” Furthermore, the Constitution explicitly grants trade and tariff authority to Congress, not the president. Congress should not grant powers to other agents, especially those explicitly written in the Constitution. This bill is a step in the right direction. When bills like this pass, Congress takes back the power it granted to the executive

branch and returns it to where it belongs — the hands of the elected representatives of the American people. No longer will legislative power be wielded by a single man, unchecked and unrestrained. No longer will legislative power be in the hands of unelected bureaucrats, the leaders of the “3-letter,” “alphabet soup” agencies. These individuals are not able to be held accountable by the voter, and some of these bureaucrats are not even approved by Congress. This bill is the first step in a long, arduous and necessary process of reigning in presidential overreach, which Congress has granted to the executive over time. It is long overdue. Congress must pass this bill to limit the ever-expanding presidential authority. Andrew Stein (andrew.stein@wisc.edu) is a senior majoring in political science and economics.

OPINION

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Voters should do their homework ahead of Supreme Court election Easily digestible news coverage only encourages citizens to vote along party lines, not on candidate’s character, policy by Lianna Schwalenberg Columnist

The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel recently reported that appellate Judge Brian Hagedorn, the conservative-backed candidate running for Wisconsin Supreme Court, wrote provocative blog posts while in law school, commenting on homosexuality and abortion. In 2005, Hagedorn responded to the landmark case of Lawrence v. Texas, which struck down Texas’ anti-sodomy law, by saying there is no longer any way to Constitutionally distinguish homosexuality from bestiality. That same year, he called Planned Parenthood a “wicked organization more committed to killing babies than helping women.” At present, Hagedorn has defended his posts and affirmed his beliefs, asserting that these personal opinions should not matter to voters. The fundamental question here is this — should they? Some news articles say he “compared

homosexuality to bestiality.” This is an exaggerated reduction of the post, as Hagedorn was echoing Justice Antonin Scalia’s dissenting opinion on a Supreme Court Case. The majority opinion ruled against the Texas statute that made it a crime for two persons of the same sex to engage in consensual sex. In other words, in this case the Court could not find a legitimate government interest to interfere in people’s private lives. In Scalia’s dissent, however, he asserted that the state does have such interests, and voters have maintained that criminal laws against adult incest, obscenity and bestiality are acceptable forms of state intervention into private lives. Therefore, in terms of this ruling on constitutionality, it has become harder to distinguish which private acts states should leave alone and which ones they should protect people against. “My point here is not a moral one, but a legal argument,” Hagedorn wrote. “There is no way to distinguish between these two [homosexuality and bestiality] ... Certainly legislatures can distinguish … but the idea

that homosexual behavior is different than bestiality as a Constitutional matter is unjustifiable.” To be clear — neither Scalia nor Hagedorn believe bestiality is comparable to homosexuality in the literal sense. Rather, if the Constitution would prefer for the state to interfere in some private sexual acts but not others, it becomes difficult for the law to establish a legitimate state interest for intervening in such private action. The Planned Parenthood blog post also has a back-story. Hagedorn commented on a news article about the organization’s refusal to submit the medical records of patients under 14 years of age to state authorities who use the data to find and help victims of sexual abuse. Health providers are required by law to report such cases. With this background, and given the widely held anti-abortion sentiments of Americans in 2005, the post is reasonable. Still, a sizable minority (about 37 percent) of Americans today believe abortion should be illegal in all or most cases. In fact, the claims that Hagedorn’s beliefs assert “extreme

Photo · Since voters cannot rely on partisanship in the election for state Supreme Court, they must do extensive research on the policy and character of each candidate. Marissa Haegele The Badger Herald

partisanship” and “fringe radical beliefs” are largely unfounded. The legality of abortion is not as partisan an issue as people may think it is, according to a FiveThirtyEight analysis. A large block of Republicans have some sympathies to abortion, and vice versa — a small, but significant portion of Democrats oppose it. As it turns out, the issue unites the parties more than it pits them against each other. Thus far, it appears Hagedorn’s language was neither strong nor partisan, but can anything be said of the character of this Supreme Court candidate? Unfortunately, these posts really do not say much about how he will behave on the bench. Unlike what is required of political actors — that they be responsive to their constituents — justices have no obligations beyond adherence to the law, as eloquently said by Chief Justice John Roberts. Anyone can set aside their opinions to do the work of a judge. Both Hagedorn and his liberal-backed opponent, Lisa Neubauer, have said they will set aside their opinions. If all candidates for Wisconsin Supreme Court Justice are honestly telling the public they will be impartial regardless of personal convictions, how is a voter to determine which judge to vote for? It is a tough decision, and it is often given to voters who rely heavily on the “D” or “R” immediately following a candidate’s name. A pitfall of nonpartisan elections is that people will turn to arbitrary things like appearance, gender and ethnicity. Many states understand the issue of partisanship in what ought to be a nonpartisan race, and have adopted a system called “assisted appointment” as their method of judicial selection. Similar to how the president nominates and the Senate approves Supreme Court justices, the state’s governor nominates its state Supreme Court justices with the help of a commission typically made up of attorneys. This may be a much better system that Wisconsin should consider. For the time being, however, voters should remain critical of what they read in the news. Lianna Schwalenberg (lschwalenber@uwalumni.com) is a recent graduate with degrees in communication arts and philosophy.

badgerherald.com • February 19, 2019 • 15

Point Counterpoint: Immigration reform

College Republicans: GOP immigration policies common sense President Donald Trump’s 2019 State of the Union address was described as “the best speech he has ever given” by his son Donald Trump Jr. Americans overwhelmingly viewed the speech as unifying and optimistic, with 76 percent approving of the speech. Why was Trump’s State of the Union so successful? Much of the rave can be attributed to the common sense immigration initiatives he proposed in his speech. Trump called for a historic increase in legal immigration to the U.S. Trump said America needs more legal immigration largely due to its low unemployment rates, which currently hover at 4 percent. It’s simple — America is in the midst of an economic miracle and presents opportunities for legal immigrants to contribute to the economy. Seventy-two percent of American viewers approved of the immigration policies Trump outlined in his speech. This overwhelming support for Trump’s immigration policies is no surprise, as the president has common sense solutions to our broken immigration system. Simply put, a wall on parts of our southern border is not a “keep out” sign — rather, it is a request to use the door. Most recently, Trump signed a spending bill to avert a partial government shutdown. A recent Fox News poll found that 2 out of every 3 registered voters in America support a budget deal that includes money for a border barrier. Despite support from the public, the bill signed by Trump included only $1.375 billion of the $5.7 billion requested for border security. Because of this funding request shortage, Trump also took executive action to appropriate additional funding for the border wall. While the immigration debate focuses on Trump’s signature border wall, many Democrats fail to acknowledge that Trump’s proposal is a holistic immigration reform package. In addition to 234 miles of new steel barriers along the 1,954 mile Mexican border, the package also includes 750 additional border patrol agents, 75 immigration judges, $675 million for new border technology to combat narcotics and human trafficking, and $800 million for humanitarian purposes to ensure that families are not separated and no further children die at our country’s border. Yes, this is the exact proposal that Democrats, particularly, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, rejected and called “immoral.” In 2013, Pelosi, Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, President Barack Obama and every Senate Democrat — 36 of whom still serve today — supported 700 16 • February 19, 2019 • badgerherald.com

miles of border fencing under the Gang of Eight bill. Unsurprisingly, after Trump’s election in 2016, Democrats flipped their position simply to obstruct Trump, despite their previous support for border security. If Pelosi wants to discuss issues that are immoral, we would point to the California police officer, Corporal Ronil Singh, who was murdered by an illegal immigrant hours after Christmas. Democrats — members of a party that has historically called for tax increases to fund additional government programs — seem to have flip-flopped their philosophy when Pelosi called Trump’s border package “expensive.” It’s awfully convenient that this marks one of the few times Pelosi has shown concern for fiscal responsibility in her 32 years as a career politician. Meanwhile, as Rep. Mike Gallagher, R-Green Bay, pointed out, the $5.7 billion requested by Trump equates to just .0014 percent of the total federal budget for Fiscal Year 2018. The federal government spends that much every 12 hours. Trump understands the importance of compromise in negotiating deals. That’s why he proposed a three-year reprieve from the deportation of 700,000 undocumented migrants brought to the U.S. as children, who are now protected by the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program. Additionally, Trump offered protection for 300,000 immigrants from nations who qualify for Temporary Protected Status. In true “willing to compromise” fashion, Democrats refused this compromise before Trump even proposed it. Schumer and Pelosi have supported many of Trump’s policies before he was elected, and they now say “no” solely to restrict Trump’s success. Americans have seen Democrats turn a blind eye to immigration reform and instead resort to calling Trump expletives. Democrats would do well to start working for the American people and stop playing political games to obstruct Trump at the cost of endangering national security. Ryan Christens (rchristens@wisc.edu) is a sophomore majoring in marketing and business management. He is also the recruitment director of the College Republicans of UW-Madison. Alec Bukowiec (abukowiec@wisc.edu) is a sophomore majoring in marketing and information systems. He is also the social media director of the College Republicans of UWMadison.

College Democrats: Immigrants make us great

In 2016, President Donald Trump won an election centered around immigration reform. Ever since, our country’s immigrants have been under attack, unsure of when new policies and procedures could end their time here. The College Democrats of UW-Madison believe this is unacceptable. The U.S. was founded by and is composed of immigrants. From our very inception, immigrants have made great contributions to our country. Democrats want to provide the safety, freedom and security that our founders were once seeking because we know immigrants strengthen our nation. But our current policies are hostile to immigrants and must be reformed. Families are being torn apart, mass deportation is an everyday reality and our leaders were willing to shut down the government for a wall most Americans do not support. As such, Democrats believe we must reform family immigration. Our current backlogs of family immigration applications must be eliminated, as families wait years or even decades before being granted citizenship. Furthermore, we must end child and family raids that sow fear into immigrants’ everyday lives. We also need to ensure that President Barack Obama’s Deferred Action for Childhood Arrival program remains in place for our young immigrants. Some have essentially spent their entire lives in America, and forcing these individuals to “go back to their own country” puts them in an unrecognizable place away from everyone and everything they’ve ever known. We cannot be complicit in policies that harm numerous children and families. The deportation of immigrants is a pillar of Trump’s agenda, and this racist, anti-immigrant rhetoric is given a platform it does not deserve. In the 2019 State of the Union address, Trump called immigrants “ruthless coyotes, cartels, drug dealers and human traffickers” — yet this is far from the truth. Immigrants are significantly less likely to commit crimes than native-born Americans. Furthermore, Trump exaggerated the crimes of MS-13, as there were only 228 arrests of such gang members in 2017 out of the total population of more than 500,000 illegal immigrants. Immigrants are less threatening than this hateful, divisive rhetoric makes them out to be, and we’re putting undeserved blame on our nation’s inhabitants.

Another significant aspect of Trump’s immigration policies is the proposed wall along the southern border. The idea of “build a wall and crime will fall” is foolish. Trump claims it could help eliminate human trafficking, but many immigrants seek refuge in America to escape the trafficking present in their previous countries, and a wall would serve only to force them back into a threatened life. Apologizing for these conditions while still demanding a wall is not enough. We must look into the poor conditions from which our immigrants are fleeing if we truly want to decrease illegal immigration. We’ve endured the longest government shutdown in U.S. history over this wall, and it shows that some of our leaders care more about hateful, nationalist policies than the needs of our citizens. In fact, the shutdown impacted hundreds of thousands of government employees, including the 420,000 employees who went without pay and the 380,000 who were furloughed. History has taught us that walls should not separate us, and in an increasingly globalized era, we believe it’s absurd to demand such a divisive structure. The College Democrats of UW-Madison believe that immigrants make America strong. We must find ways to expedite the immigration process and welcome these individuals. A common talking point is that immigrants steal our tax dollars and take our jobs, but that’s a misconception. Immigrants do pay taxes while consuming fewer government benefits, and they make great contributions to our economy. Additionally, most immigrants take jobs in the service, construction or agricultural sectors. These fields are often viewed as undesirable, but they are critical to our economy and we need to protect these workers. The discriminatory policies of our immigration system must be revised. We must value all immigrants as humans, not just celebrities or those Trump uses as rhetoric to push his own agenda. Immigrants are people, and they deserve to be treated as such. They’re our neighbors, our co-workers, our friends. They make our country great. Cecelia McDermott (camcdermott@wisc.edu) is a freshman majoring in political science and geography. She is also the press secretary of the College Democrats of UW-Madison.

OPINION

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It’s time for Wisconsin to ditch personal conviction vaccination waivers Mandatory vaccination for those medically able is a strong safeguard for public health, prevents emergence of infectious disease by Abigail Steinberg Opinion Editor

For as long as the U.S. has been a sovereign nation, the American people have struggled to balance the rights of the individual with the rights of the collective. The Constitution wasn’t ratified until the Bill of Rights became law — and even they didn’t solve every problem. We’ve spent the past two centuries debating how they work and how to treat people justly while upholding the Constitution. From gun control to health insurance, the proper role of the government in the lives of individual Americans has never been more unclear. This issue also extends to the growing debate surrounding vaccinations and public health. The anti-vaccination movement is no new phenomenon — it can be traced back to eighteenth century England, when Reverend Edmund Massey called vaccines

“diabolical operations” in a sermon. He argued sickness was God’s punishment for man’s sins and vaccines thwarted the will of the Divine. Religious exemptions to mandatory vaccinations are legal in 48 states, despite Supreme Court cases which question the legality of doing so. In the 1944 case Prince v. Massachusetts, the Court affirmed that “the right to practice religion freely does not include liberty to expose the community or the child to communicable disease or the latter to ill health or death.” Yet a majority of the nation— Wisconsin included — continues to allow religious exemptions from mandatory vaccinations. Wisconsin is one of 18 states that even allows for personal conviction waivers, a much less common route for mandatory vaccination exemptions based on one’s personal philosophy. This law grants Americans power in a deeply personal part of their lives, and allows them to make personal health care decisions without

government interference. But the government’s job is to make decisions in pursuit of the public good, and it isn’t controversial to say the antivaccination movement endangers public health. Increased immunization rates resulted in a significantly smaller risk for infectious disease. If a significant portion of the population is protected from infection, those who are unable to receive vaccination because of age or illness are provided herd immunity. Though they’re never really free from the risk of disease, their immunity to diseases prevents the unimmunized from coming in contact with the disease itself. The principle of herd immunity has led to the eradication of smallpox and the neareradication of polio. But herd immunity is only achieved through widespread vaccination. An increase of unvaccinated people decreases the efficiency of herd immunity, and puts immune-deficient

Photo · Ending nonmedical exemptions for mandatory vaccinations protects vulnerable and unvaccinated populations from infectious disesases. Alice Vagun The Badger Herald

people at risk. Requiring vaccinations is in the public’s best interest, and by extension, should be within the government’s wheelhouse. Most importantly, personal conviction waivers are a dangerous caveat to herd immunity, and Wisconsin should consider limiting or abandoning the practice completely. The amount of personal conviction waivers in Wisconsin have been increasing steadily over the past few years, meaning more are going unvaccinated. This makes the protection offered by herd immunity weaker and endangers those who aren’t vaccinated. Furthermore, it allows infectious diseases that seem passe to rear their ugly head. While the health benefits to widespread vaccinations are obvious, the government’s role in regulating and requiring vaccinations is anything but clear. The issue is eerily reminiscent of the Tragedy of the Commons, a principle developed in an essay by sociologist Garrett Hardin, which describes the challenges that occur when the rights and well being of the individual interfere with the well being of the collective. In the case of vaccinations, an individual may believe it is within their best interest to go unimmunized, which detracts from the well being of the collective. So for the collective to thrive, the individual must give up their right to remain unvaccinated. Hardin’s essay provides definition to the principle, but doesn’t solve the problem it presents. The “... problem has no technical solution; it requires a fundamental extension in morality,” Hardin said. So while there may be no direct statute or principle that directly grants the government power to enforce required vaccinations, science and logic prove it is in the public’s best interest to allow the government to do so. Rather, we must extend our morality and protect those who are ill from other infectious diseases. Giving up a single individual right has the opportunity to save the lives of thousands. The choice is clear — personal conviction waivers need to go. The conflict between individual rights and government control may fester for years to come, but so will the truth that it’s always within our rights to do what is right. Abigail Steinberg (asteinberg@badgerherald. com) is a sophomore majoring in political science and journalism. badgerherald.com • February 19, 2019 • 17

SPORTS

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Men’s hockey: A look back at the legendary career of Mark Johnson Wisconsin hockey program honors Badger hockey icon with jersey retirement ceremony before game last weekend

by Danielle Mohr Staff Writer

Thousands of Wisconsin fans packed the Kohl Center last Saturday night as the University of Wisconsin’s men’s hockey team was set to square off against No. 2 The Ohio State. As the Badger men’s hockey team has played inconsistently through the season, a near sold-out Kohl Center was something they weren’t always used to. But there was no surprise in the number of fans that poured into Madison to witness the retirement of Johnson’s number — arguably one of the most remarkable moments in the history of the University of Wisconsin Athletics Program. There is no doubt that Johnson, the greatest goal scorer in Wisconsin history, a national Olympic hockey hero and currently the winningest coach in the history of Wisconsin women’s hockey, has set the bar to unimaginable heights for the program and its players. Johnson was honored Feb. 8 with the retirement of his number 10 jersey that he wore during his undergrad years at UW. Among Wisconsin hockey fans, there is no

doubt that if there were to be a number hanging from the rafters in the Kohl Center, it should be Johnson’s. Johnson brought the Badger hockey program success during his undergrad years and continued his winning ways throughout the rest of his life as a player and a coach. He is best known for playing a critical role during the 1980 Olympic Games in Lake Placid. The U.S. vs. Russia game, otherwise known as the “Miracle on Ice,” will forever be etched into the minds of Americans and hockey fans everywhere. It is currently recognized in the U.S. Hockey Hall of Fame as “one of the greatest sporting events of all time.” Coming down to the final seconds of the game, the U.S. pulled through with a victory, allowing them to advance to the final against Sweden and later seize the title as gold medalists and Olympic champions — a true miracle for this team. Not only did Johnson earn this outstanding achievement as a young undergrad, but he also went on to play professionally in the National Hockey League, and eventually retired to return back to his hometown of Madison and coach for the women’s hockey team.

Johnson’s success extended remarkably to the women’s hockey program as well. Passing on his Olympic legacy, in the 2018 Olympic Games, the U.S. women’s hockey team featured some of Johnson’s stars throughout his coaching years at Wisconsin, such as Brianna Decker, Emily Clark, Ann-Renee Desbiens, Megan Duggan, Sarah Nurse, Alex Rigsby and Becca Ruegsegger. Currently, as head coach of the University of Wisconsin women’s hockey team, Johnson leads the No. 2 Badger team and has four national championships and twelve frozen four appearances on his resume. Johnson’s jersey retirement ceremony was held prior to the men’s hockey game against The Ohio State University Feb. 8, and the Kohl Center was roaring with excitement. During warm-ups, the Badger players all wore jerseys with Johnson’s number 10 on the back. He later signed the jerseys and auctioned them off, with any proceeds benefitting the Carbone Cancer Center. After the heartwarming introductions and remarks from Johnson’s former teammates from high school, UW and even the USA hockey team, the Badger men’s hockey team presented Johnson with a special gift. Freshman Ty Emberson — playing the whole season wearing number 10 — appeared on the ice, presenting his current jersey to Johnson. Emberson switched his number midseason to number 21 to show his complete respect for Johnson and to thank him for all the

contributions he has made to the program. Immediately after, the fans grew silent as Johnson’s daughter, Megan, appeared on the big screen to introduce her siblings as they presented the No. 10 banner. Johnson then took the stage and said a few adorning words to the Badger fans that packed the Kohl Center that night. He thanked all the people who were a part of his journey and still playing a huge role in his life. He also thanked his own women’s hockey team for their near blowout victory against Minnesota State earlier that day. Johnson talked about the lasting legacy that Madison helped create for him as he grew up in the area. He was a true “stick boy,” and shared how several of his idols growing up played right here in Madison. He discussed how his father helped him create his legacy. As a multi-sport coach, Johnson was privileged to have a glimpse of coaching first-hand. “It gave me an opportunity to appreciate hockey and the understanding [that] if you wanted to become a good player you need to work,” Johnson said. Johnson also shared his love for the game between his family and peers, mentioning Dave Peterson, his high school and Olympic coach, and friends Grant Standbrook and Bill Howard as his inspirations. In the eyes of the Badger faithful, there is no doubt that Johnson has earned a spot as a legend and fully deserves his number to fly high every night in Madison.

Photo · Johnson’s No. 10 banner raised in front of a packed Kohl Center. Daniel Yun The Badger Herald

SPORTS

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Men’s hockey: Badgers seek Big Ten tournament ranking improvement Wisconsin looks to gain momentum and increase ranking before Big Ten tournament with last four games of season by Ben Kenney Staff Writer

With only four games remaining, the University of Wisconsin Men’s hockey team’s (10-15-5, 6-9-5 Big Ten) 2018-19 regular season is nearing an end and preparation for the Big Ten postseason tournament is already underway. The Badger ’s season started out strong, going 8-7-3 overall and 4-3-3 against other Big Ten teams before their winter intersession. Much of their strong start was due to offensive success, as the team scored three or more goals in nine of nineteen contests, and five or more goals in five of them. Since that point, however, the team has struggled to gain ground in the standings and struggled to continue that offensive efficiency from the first half of the season. After winter intermission, Wisconsin is 2-8-2 overall and 2-6-2 against other Big Ten opponents. This challenging stretch experienced by the team can be credited both to playing high-caliber Big Ten opponents and to struggles on both ends of the ice. Since their break from Dec. 8 to Jan. 4, goalkeepers Jack Berry and Daniel Lebedeff have allowed four goals per game, significantly greater than their season average of 3.3, and the Badger offense has scored only 2.4 goals per game, an average that has dropped through the season. As a result, after spending most of the season in striking distance of the conference lead, the Badgers now sit at seventh in the Big Ten standings with 25 points, 16 points behind conference leader Ohio State. If the season ended today, the Badgers would play their opening round of the tournament at Minnesota, and would then travel to Ohio State if they were to overcome the Golden Gophers. The bad news is the Badgers are 2-6-0 against Minnesota — second-ranked in the conference — and nationally ranked No. 2 Ohio State this season. But despite their current position, the Badgers still have a chance to rise in the standings and avoid some of the top-ranked Big Ten teams early in the tournament. With their two final series coming against other Big Ten opponents, Head Coach Tony Granato’s team has a chance to control their own destiny, and possibly rise into a home playoff game to begin the tournament. One thing that Badger fans have come to know and love about Wisconsin athletics is, come post-season tournament time, rankings don’t seem to mean a lot. Wisconsin will have a fight and that’s all they need. The first of the two final series for

Wisconsin will have the Badgers to traveling to No. 17 Penn State. The Badgers went 1-01 earlier this season when the Nittany Lions visited the Kohl Center. Penn State is 7-7-1 since their first series with the Badgers.

“The

Badgers still have a chance to rise in the standings and avoid some of the topranked Big Ten teams early in the tournament. ” To finish out the regular season, the Badgers will host Michigan on March 1 and 2, and look to finish off their regular season on a high note. The Badgers tied both of their previous games against the Wolverines. Michigan is 6-7-4 since playing the Badgers in late November. Now, how would Wisconsin be able to rise in the standings and avoid playing Minnesota and Ohio State to start the tournament? The first thing Wisconsin will need to do is win at least three of their remaining four games. With each win being worth three points in the conference standings, and all of their remaining four games against teams ahead of them in the standings, finishing with at least three wins is crucial. Second, they would need Michigan, Notre Dame and Michigan State to struggle and drop a few games to their upcoming opponents in each team’s four remaining contests. The Badgers currently sit six places behind Notre Dame, five behind Michigan, four behind Penn State and two behind Michigan State. Luckily for the Badgers, both Michigan and Michigan State still have two games remaining against Ohio State, a team who has dominated the conference, and has done everything in the Big Ten but clinched the No. 1 seed in the tournament. If the Badgers are able to perform well against Michigan and Penn State during the next two weekends, along

with the possibility that Notre Dame and Michigan State will struggle down the stretch, it’s plausible that the Badgers can jump into the No. 3 or No. 4 seed going into the postseason tournament. Having the No. 3 or No. 4 seed would be incredibly different than going into the tournament in last place. A middle seed, such as three or four, could allow the Badgers to open the tournament at home, and avoid playing top-ranked teams until later in the tournament. All games will be challenging for Wisconsin so the opportunity to avoid some of the top-ranked teams could allow the Badgers to advance farther into the tournament and build momentum for when they do have to face some tougher Big Ten teams. While these scenarios require a lot of uncertainties, it is not out of the question for Wisconsin to avoid Minnesota and Ohio State to start the tournament. This would mean a lot for Granato’s team, as they are 6-9-5 in the Big Ten overall but 4-3-5 against

other teams in the Big Ten besides Minnesota or Ohio State. For all of this to happen, Granato will look upon team-leaders in goals scored — Sean Dhooghe, Will Johnson, Wyatt Kalynuk and Seamus Malone — to continue their goal-scoring ways and find the same fire that allowed them to light up the net in the first half of the season. Wisconsin will also need goalies Lebedeff and Berry to block pucks as if they were a brick wall in front of the net. This season, the Badgers rank 47th nationally in goals-allowed-per-game at 3.30 and rank 29th in goals per game at 2.87. For them to overcome the odds, rise in the standings and have a successful postseason tournament, they will need to play better on both sides of the puck. The final stretch begins for Wisconsin when they visit Penn State on Friday at 5:30 p.m. CST and Saturday at 6 p.m. CST. Friday’s bout will be available on the Big Ten Network and both games will be available via radio broadcast.

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SPORTS

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Football: A preseason look at upcoming Badger quarterback battle

Wisconsin’s numerous options at quarterback position present coaching staff with tough decision ahead of 2019 season by Zach Lutz Staff Writer

Spring is coming, and University of Wisconsin Head Football Coach Paul Chryst has much to consider in the coming months as his team looks forward to the 2019 season. One of the most pressing concerns for Chryst and his team is who will be under center at quarterback come Aug. 31 against South Florida. No one can definitively say who next season’s quarterback will be at this point, but the coaching staff knows what they want consistency in the position. Ideally, this search for consistency should not be a huge issue, as the Badgers have plenty of options. Besides, a friendly quarterback competition never hurt anybody right? So, without further ado, let’s meet the three candidates vying for the starting job in 2019. Alex Hornibrook Three-year starter and senior-to-be Alex Hornibrook is the most likely to win the job. He has plenty of game experience, has won big games, bounced back from bad games, knows the offense, and knows how his teammates play. Essentially, he knows what it takes to win at the college level. With all the buzz around his fellow competitors and questions being raised about his ability, he should have plenty of motivation entering 2019. Following a 2018 season in which the Badgers ranked No. 4 in the preseason AP poll, the results were ultimately underwhelming. Offensively, Wisconsin came into 2018 equipped with a top-notch offensive line, a stud running back in Jonathan Taylor and a capable receiving core. Hornibrook had seemingly put all doubts to rest following a mostly consistent, wellmanaged, winning 2017 season, capped off by a dominating performance in an Orange Bowl win over Miami. Unfortunately, however, the Badgers and Hornibrook were unable to mimic their brilliant 2017 season, and questions about Hornibrook’s play came about quickly with an early home loss to Brigham Young. To blame the Badgers’ disappointing 8-5 2018 campaign on QB play alone would be lacking, but the position is undeniably the most important in the game — and when a team does not meet expectations, fi ngers are often pointed at the quarterback. The Wisconsin offense had just about every key ingredient necessary for another high-

powered, run-first offensive campaign last year — all except for consistent quarterback play. After a 5-2 start to the season, Hornibrook’s 2018 campaign was cut short because of a concussion and subsequent concussion-like symptoms, causing him to play inconsistently and miss four of the remaining six games — including the Pinstripe Bowl. In his nine games, he completed 122 of his 205 passing attempts — 59.5 percent — for 1532 yards, while throwing 13 touchdowns to 11 interceptions. In the game at Iowa, he exhibited the high level of play he is capable of, completing 17 of his 22 passes for 200 yards, three touchdowns and zero turnovers. Unfortunately, that stat line was overshadowed by his inconsistent and lackluster play in performances like the Michigan game. It’s difficult to compare his 2018 numbers to his 2017 numbers considering he played five more games two years ago. But even so, these were unimpressive stats for a player looking to take the next step and ﬁnish oﬀ his Wisconsin career as a starter. There is some speculation that the concussion issue may affect his availability to play moving forward, but count on Hornibrook being healthy and ready to prove himself worthy come fall. If Hornibrook can limit turnovers, stay poised in the pocket, throw the ball downfield when he needs to and effectively manage a game, he will likely find himself taking most of, if not all, the snaps from center in 2019. The Badgers are desperately in search of the 2017 Hornibrook. Jack Coan The second candidate is Jack Coan, who will be entering his junior year with some valuable game experience under his belt. It was Coan who took over the games Hornibrook could not start in 2018. Like Hornibrook, Coan had his ups and downs, contributing to the overall inconsistent quarterback play. He experienced failure in a tough game at Penn State, where he completed under 50 percent of his passes and turned the ball over multiple times on the way to a loss. But he also experienced success when he bounced back from the Penn State loss with an impressive showing at Purdue, where he completed 67 percent of his passes for 160 yards and two touchdowns while committing zero turnovers. Coan finished the year appearing in five games, completing 56 of his 93 passing

attempts — 60.2 percent — for 515 yards, and throwing five touchdowns to three interceptions. Again, the biggest question moving forward will be consistency, but that bit of game experience inches Coan closer to earning meaningful reps in 2019.

the future for him and this program is looking up. Mertz has enrolled early, and his arrival in Madison gives him an opportunity to compete, make mistakes and learn a lot about himself this spring.

Others Graham Mertz Redshirt sophomore-to-be Danny Vanden The third candidate and third most likely Boom and sophomore-to-be Chase Wolf to start in 2019 is the quarterback with all the round out the 2019 Badger depth chart at buzz around his name — Graham Mertz. quarterback. As of right now, there is a slim The highly touted incoming freshman and chance either of these two will start in 2019 — product of Kansas signed his letter of intent to and with Mertz coming in, it is unlikely they play for the Badgers back in December. will ever see the field. Some may questioning his third place Alas, there have been bigger underdog status here. Many fans are eager to see the stories. Vanden Boom and Wolf will be proclaimed Wisconsin savior in red and white working just as hard as the next guy and if as soon as possible, but this is just a tentative anything, will help push the aforementioned placement. candidates to be the best they can be. Mertz is a highly rated four-star recruit who Whether Chryst finds it in his veteran ranks among the best quarterbacks in the 2019 Hornibrook, his most recent starter in Coan, class, and even though he is joining two other or in the freshman prodigy Mertz, 2019 will be quarterbacks with meaningful play under about finding consistency in the quarterback their belts, there is no doubt he wants to make position to support an already dominant an immediate splash in this program, and he running game and offensive line. has a legitimate chance to do so. The Badgers are not looking for a hero Not only does Mertz rank among the best throwing the ball 70 yards downfield — as quarterbacks in the 2019 class, but, according nice as that would be — but rather someone to 247Sports, he is also the highest ranked who can manage and find ways to win games quarterback Wisconsin has snatched since the while handing the ball off to likely preseason site has kept track in 2000. All-American running back Jonathan Taylor In a program dominated by its rich and working behind the always faithful offensive line and running back history, fans Badger offensive line. are now gushing over the promise of a young Let the competition begin, and may the best quarterback with so much proclaimed talent. man win. Dreams of a season similar to Clemson’s under freshman quarterback Trevor Lawrence may be a little extreme for Mertz, but if he can translate his Welcome to game to the college level quickly, it’s not out of the question for him to take over at some point in the middle of 2019 — just as Lawrence did this past season. The consensus on Tripp Lake Camp is looking for males and Mertz is that his pocket females who like to travel, meet new presence, delivery people, and teach activites to children. and accuracy rank among some of his best If you’re interested in spending your attributes, while there is summer in MAINE, give us a call or stop room for improvement by our website for more information. in his skills outside the pocket. 1-800-997-4347 We do not yet know www.tripplakecamp.com what Mertz is capable of at the college level, but TRIPP LAKE CAMP for Girls

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BANTER

Sad girl stops traffic near Tutto’s Valentine’s Day blues wreak havoc for State Street pedestrians by Angela Peterson ArtsEtc. Editor

Foot traffic literally stopped on State Street late Thursday afternoon as an anonymous individual blocked the sidewalk in front of Tutto Pasta for three hours. The individual is described as a 20 year old female with medium length brown hair, a Columbia coat and wearing Airpods. A passerby noted the woman had her hands up against the window and stared into the abyss of what lied in the restaurant. When asked for comment, many witnesses had differing opinions as to why the individual stayed perched in the spot. Allison Paterson, a senior at University of Wisconsin, hatched a theory centered on revenge. “I think her roommate was dining with her ex in there to celebrate Valentine’s Day,” Paterson said, “So it just makes sense that see was spying outside. Aren’t we all here to wish harm on to our enemies and cry a little bit when we see them jovially enjoying a piece of ravioli together? Is this not the central fact of life?” Paterson’s theory falls apart pretty quickly after a brief examination. Everyone knows fettuccine, not ravioli, is the pasta of love and that anyone who dares order ravioli on a date is doomed to a solitary life. Even if the date was a little on the spicy side, gnocchi alla vodka is clearly a more suitable choice.

“Aren’t

we all here to wish harm on our enemies and cry a little bit when we see them jovially enjoying a piece of ravioli together? Is this not the central fact of life?

”

Allison Paterson Spectator Frank Young, another student, had a more weathered option. “Well, it was warm for once,” Young said, “I think we as a society need to allow for individuals to bask in the glow of the outdoors when it isn’t freezing for once in our horrid winter. It is egregious that we do not find this moment of joy socially acceptable and need to literally interview me to figure out why this lady stood outside of Tutto’s. It’s a disgrace and goes against all principles of good journalism.” 22 • badgerherald.com • February 19, 2019

Here in the banter section, we are personally appalled at the condemnation of our lack of journalism ethics, but we needed to fill a page so we kept that interview in any way. The more sources, the better! Speaking of more sources, no one else on the street answered our pleas for questioning, so we took the hot button issue to the inside of Tutto Pasta, where we still noticed the individual peering into the restaurant. We tried our best to avoid interviewing patrons mid-breadstick, but sometimes the coalescence could not be avoided. Barry Barons, a patron of Tutto Pasta, had a different approach to the situation.

I think she just really wants “the bread slices. They are but fluffy, fluffy things. ” Barry Barons Patron, Tutto Pasta “I think she just really wants the bread slices,” Barons said, “They are but fluffy, fluffy things. The little nooks baked with love into the slices are to die for. Marry that with the perfect combination of oily olive oil and cheesy parmesan cheese and you have the best appetizer in the world right there. I could understand how one can lust and pine from afar for those alone. I also think the not pasta-focused dishes often get overlooked by diners and observers alike. I want you to examine for a second the Pollo Marsala. It says on the menu right here that it’s a ‘chicken breast sauteed in a delicious Marsala wine sauce with mushrooms and raisins.’ Now if that isn’t the star of a dish, I don’t know what is. And of course, I’m going to take my bread home! I’m so excited for this meal.” We admit that last source may have gotten a little sidetracked by the food. We still think this story of the outside observer is newsworthy, but we suddenly have no angle and we are almost 600 words into the piece with our deadline racing towards us. There’s no stopping us now! The individual is still unavailable for comment, even after we’ve combed through countless Instagram profiles and slipped into many DMs in attempts to locate the forlorn observer. Any and all help in locating her is appreciated, we would really like to give her an Olive Garden gift card.

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you can postmates popeyes now!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! this is a very big deal to me!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! m

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will she ever stop saving all of her homework for sunday? will she ever learn her lesson? will she ever snap outta dumb bitch mode?? Tune in tonight to find out on the next episode of Due at 11:59 PM

just got a $120 check for jury duty... maybe the American government is onto something... E$AP

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Sorry I was late to work I was sitting in the parking lot convincing myself to come in KAL(I)E

me: stop texting me guy: *starts typing* me:

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Just saw a license plate that said “BITCOIN” chloe

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the elevator in humanities broke and won’t be fixed for three weeks AND all my classes are on the sixth floor. pretty solid proof that god is dead imo Rose

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February 19, 2019 • badgerherald.com • 23

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