'Crumbling Foundations' - Volume 50, Issue 25

STUDENT MEDIA AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN

TUESDAY, APRIL 2, 2019 · VOL 50 Issue 25 · BADGERHERALD.COM

crumbling foundations

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Facing steep decline in enrollment, humanities departments look for innovative measures to retain funding and encourage students to pursue a liberal arts curriculum

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Madison City Countil approved recommendations to move city towards 100 percent renewable energy by 2030.

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CALLISTO SOFTWARE: PERFECT IS NOT THE ENEMY OF GOOD

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SPORTS

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After decling to implement Callisto at UW, administration must consider how to better address sexual assault and reporting on campus.

DIVERSIONS

FOOTBALL: REVAMPED WISCONSIN DEFENSE

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With spring practices underway, Wisconsin’s new-look defensive line and linebacking units have much to work on to return the defense to dominance.

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PHOTO

Fashion Icons of UW

Fiona Hou The Badger Herald Photo · Students-turned-models participate in MODA Magazine’s spring fashion show. The Friday night event showcased the original work of students and community members.

April 2, 2019 • badgerherald.com • 3

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Spending on Wisconsin Senate, Assembly races increases 27 percent Spending rose from $17 million in 2014 to $28 million in 2016, and is now at $36 million, according to the Wisconisn Democracy Campaign member companies, spanning a variety of economic sectors. They support issues such as lowering the personal and corporate income tax rates, pushing back against certain Spending on the Wisconsin Senate and Environmental Protection Agency regulations, Assembly races increased 27 percent to $36 and enhancing Wisconsin’s rail network. million from the $28 million spent in 2016, Other groups that contributed include the and was about double the $17 million spent in Republican State Leadership Committee — 2014, according to a report by the Wisconsin an estimated undisclosed issue ad activity Democracy Campaign. spending of $980 thousand — American WDC, a nonprofit organization that Federation for Children — spending $970 tracks money in state politics and works for thousand — and Planned Parenthood, democratic reforms, released a report March 6 spending $154 thousand. detailing spending by candidates and special The remaining $23.6 million was spent by interest smear groups in the fall 2018 legislative legislative candidates and legislative campaign races. committees. This included $14 million in The report found that a total of $35.8 million spending by GOP candidates, $9.5 million in had been spent. Additionally, 26 outside groups spending by Democratic candidates and more spent $12.2 million on expressed advocacy than $32 thousand by independent and third and undisclosed issue ads. Democratic groups party candidates. spent about $6.7 million whereas Republican Barry Burden, University of Wisconsin groups spent nearly $5.5 million. political science professor and director of The $12.2 million spent by the outside the UW Elections Research Center, said the GOP spending increases were not necessarily a surprise. ”Because of the expected ‘blue wave’ and the success that Democrats had in several special elections earlier in the year, there was more sense in 2018 that Republican control was in jeopardy,” Burden said.

“This was especially true in the State Senate, where Democrats only needed to pick up two seats to become the majority party. As a result, several key Senate seats saw a tremendous amount of spending by both sides.”

This is verified by the report from WDC, where special interest Democratic groups out-spent their Republican counterparts, but Republican candidates and campaign committees outspent their Democrat counterparts.

John Witte, UW professor Emeritus of public affairs and political science and faculty affiliate at the Institute for Research on Poverty, discussed a “blue wave” in an earlier interview with The Badger Photo · The group with the highest spending was the Greater Wisconsin Committee, with an estimated total of $3.8 million.

Herald in October. ”The Republican base, Marissa Haegele geographically, has been pretty The Badger Herald constant — [former Gov.] Walker [was] able to play to

by Nuha Dolby State Editor

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groups in the 2018 fall races was 36 percent higher than the $9 million spent in the 2016 fall legislative races, a 159 percent increase from the $4.7 million spent in the 2014 legislative races.

The group with the highest spending was the Greater Wisconsin Committee, with estimated spending for undisclosed issue ads and disclosed independent expenditures totaling $3.8 million.

They are a self-identified nonstick corporation that “influences legislation and/or influences public opinion.” They support issues such as LGBTQ+ equality, abortion rights, and produced anti-Walker advertisements during the 2018 gubernatorial election.

The group with second-highest spending was Wisconsin Manufacturers & Commerce, with estimated spending for undisclosed issue ads and disclosed independent expenditures topping $2 million.

The group represents more than 3,800

his suburban, rural base really well,” Witte said. “In Madison, Milwaukee — the big cities, we’ve always seen Democrats. That’s been going up recently.”

Witte cited youth movements, activism and heightened interest in politics as a crux for an increase in more Democratic interest. He said it also had generational ties, which was later supported by the gubernatorial election results.

According to a November 2018 article by the Wisconsin State Journal, college and collegeage voters lean Democratic.

Thomas Fischl, Wisconsin’s organizing director for NextGen, a get-out-the-vote group, said young voters turned out “decisively” for Tony Evers in the gubernatorial election and “powered him to victory.”

In an earlier September 2018 interview with the Herald, Burden said that Madison, in particular, has a “very democratic electorate,” and cited the prevalence of college-aged students — specifically at UW — as a factor.

He said the democratic shift occurred within the past ten years, and previously there was a larger, much stronger Republican presence on campus.

Burden said the partisan issues bore results in the fall legislative races. ”The blue wave did materialize in statewide races, where Democrats won five out of five,” Burden said. “But it had no effect in the Legislature. The failure of Democrats to make gains in the Legislature is almost certainly due to gerrymandering and effective campaign spending by Republican incumbents.”

According to a November 2018 article by the Journal Sentinel, Republicans expanded their majority in the state Senate by one seat and retained a 63-36 majority in the Assembly.

As reported by the Journal Sentinel, critics said the Democratic wins in statewide races, coupled with failures in gaining in the legislature, is proof of gerrymandering.

According to the WDC report, Republicans did increase campaign spending. Of the six legislative races that topped $1 million in spending in fall 2018, five of them saw the highest spending from Republican candidates.

Burden said candidates and spending have risen, and will likely continue to. ”Candidates and party committees continue to contribute more to overall spending than do outside groups, but the growing influence of such groups is a factor behind the increase in campaign money,” Burden said. “Changes to Wisconsin’s campaign finance laws opened the doors for more donations from individuals, more giving by corporations, and easier spending by issue groups.”

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With retailers packing up, many worry about future of State Street Mayor Paul Soglin, opponent Satya Rhodes-Conway concerned rising expenses in region will push local businesses out of town

by Anna Walters Campus Editor

State Street, one of Madison’s greatest monoliths, shines on the isthmus running between Lake Monona and Lake Mendota and connects the University of Wisconsin campus to the State Capitol square — many agree it is truly the heart of downtown.

However, a strew of long-time businesses on the iconic street closed in the last few years, which has many worried about what the future holds for one of Madison’s main attractions.

Ald. Zach Wood, District 8, explained this is a definite trend the city has noticed over the years.

“It’s a frequent topic of conversation among downtown stakeholders,” Wood said. “State Street tends to have relatively high commercial rents, and therefore can be a tough place to stay afloat, as evidenced by the closings.”

In the late 1960s, downtown areas in the U.S. were dying with the arrival of shopping centers, Madison Mayor Paul Soglin said.

Soglin, who became mayor in 1973, led a “novel” transformation of downtown Madison. The implementation of pedestrianfriendly streets and the State Street mall boutiques gave the area the character we

know today, he explained.

“We built the State Street mall, and State Street became an incredible, vibrant place. It challenged the trend of dying downtowns.

The formula [for] creating small, intimate stores and not going after the giant department stores worked,” Soglin said.

That model thrived through the 1980s and into the early 21st century, Soglin said. However, recent changes led to the departure of several retail spaces which have been replaced by bars and restaurants.

A downtown retail assessment and strategy prompted by widespread concern was conducted by the city in 2016.

The study found that in the Madison region during the 25-year period from 1989 to 2014, there was a dramatic shift in the types of storefront space. Retail and service businesses — like apparel, bookstores and hair salons — declined from 97 to 70, while bars and restaurants increased from 26 to 62 establishments.

According to the Princeton Review, UW is ranked third in the nation for colleges with “lots of beer.” People ages 18-24 represent 68 percent of downtown Madison’s population compared to the national average of 9 percent. Therefore, it’s unsurprising that many establishments that serve a local population base cater to younger adults.

Photo · In the last dozen years, State Street property owners have seen bars and restaurants able to pay significantly higher rents than traditional retailers becasue they need less space to store inventory.

Sara Warden The Badger Herald

Soglin said that while the increase of restaurants on State Street has had benefits like creating more diverse and healthier food options — mentioning that in the beginning, almost all the restaurants served hot dogs, hamburgers, brats and pizza — it is hard for small retail boutiques to compete with stores that sell food and drinks.

Furthermore, rent on State Street is becoming more expensive. According to the 2016 study, the average asking rent for downtown Madison is about $24 per square foot, which is significantly above the national and greater Madison averages.

However, rent can reach up to $60 per square foot on State Street — a “truly remarkable level for a community the size of Madison,” the study said.

Many retailers are finding it hard to afford these high prices. For example, Tellus Mater, a locally-owned retailer that has been selling kitchen supplies on State Street for 59 years, announced they will be closing their doors in the very near future. The owner, Bruce Edwards, told the Wisconsin State Journal that profits had decreased in recent years due to the popularization of online shopping.

Yellow Jersey Bike Shop, Gino’s Restaurant and Shakti — three longtime businesses — all closed in 2013. College Barber Shop, a State Street fixture since the 1920s, closed in 2014. Fanny Garver Gallery and Steep & Brew closed in 2015. Most recently, Mary’s Tailoring shut down in 2017 and Capitol Kids, a toy store on the Capitol Square, closed its doors last year.

In the last dozen years, State Street property owners have seen restaurants and bars that are able to pay significantly higher rents compared to traditional retailers because they need less space to store inventory, Soglin said. He considers those establishments to be a “fatal blow” to the model of housing small retail boutiques on State Street, as it has driven them out.

Soglin has tried vetoing liquor licenses and appealing to the public to start demanding accountability from city council members to diminish the amounts of bars, he said.

“I’m deeply concerned about the future of State Street turning into something like the French Quarter in New Orleans

where it’s a great night time entertainment district, and all of the interesting daytime uses — particularly shopping — are driven away,” Soglin said. “I’d like to see us go back to the balance we had twenty years ago and have the amount of retail doubled and take out some of those bars and restaurants.

I prefer locally-owned, but I’d like to see us return to a better balance and have more stores like Tellus Mater and Paul’s Bookstore.”

Satya Rhodes-Conway, who is running against Soglin in Tuesday’s mayoral election, agreed that State Street has weathered many changes in recent years and that it is essential to keep a variety of activities alive on State Street to ensure it is a welcoming place for everyone during both day and night.

She said that as mayor of Madison, she would identify opportunities to support existing businesses and encourage or incentivize locally owned businesses to locate on State Street.

Rhodes-Conway said these businesses could include services such as arts and music classes, beauty services, wellness facilities, a space for youth entertainment (especially for teenagers), insurance and other financial service providers and other activities that would invite people to utilize the area on weekdays and weekends. ”We also need to support existing businesses whose owners are ready to retire in transitioning to new ownership rather than closing,” Rhodes-Conway said.

“State Street has been an important part of Madison for a long time, and we need to make sure it will be successful far into the future.”

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Madison aims to replace fleet of vehicles with electric models by 2020 The city will purchase 20 new Chevrolet Bolts to replace gas models with help from Madison Gas and Electric and $125,000 state grant

by Jackie Miller Reporter

The city of Madison announced it will purchase 20 new electric vehicles to replace some of the city’s existing fleet vehicles by 2020 through a partnership with Madison Gas and Electric and a grant from the state, according to the Cap Times.

The grant, worth $125,000, will be used to buy Chevrolet Bolts, zero-emission cars that average about 238 miles for a fully-charged battery, according to the Cap Times.

Madison’s Fleet Superintendent Mahanth Joishy is hopeful that replacing fleet vehicles in Madison will encourage other cities to do the same, and doing so will contribute to lessening vehicle emissions.

“I personally think that climate change is a war for the future of humanity that we’re all in,” Joishy said. “Whether you agree [with climate change] or not, it doesn’t matter, because we’re all in it.”

Joishy said replacing the city’s fleet vehicles with electric cars will help to eliminate emissions such as carbon dioxide, nitric oxide and carbon monoxide — pollutants that will not only contribute to atmospheric pollution and rising temperatures, but will also negatively impact human health.

“ I personally think that climate

change is a war for humanity that we’re all in. Whether you agree [with climate change] or not, it doesn’t matter, because we’re all in it.”

Mahanth Joishy Madison’s Fleet Superintendent The three main pollutants of most concern in Earth’s atmosphere are ground-level ozone, fine particulate matter and carbon dioxide, Tracey Holloway, University of Wisconsin professor and air pollution and public health specialist, said.

Carbon dioxide is a major pollutant in the atmosphere, but Holloway said it is not a major concern for human health as it is for the temperature of the planet.

“The U.S. is very active and successful in eliminating emissions that affect public health, carbon dioxide is not one that affects public health,” Holloway said.

6 • badgerherald.com • April 2, 2019

She said the U.S. mainly focuses on eliminating emissions that could potentially be harmful to humans but not so much on the ones that are harmful to the planet, such as carbon dioxide.

Replacing the city’s fleet vehicles with electric cars is a good way to start to eliminating the amount of carbon dioxide emissions released into the atmosphere, Holloway said.

Further, electric cars in Wisconsin get electricity from coal-fired power plants, which are the largest source of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, Holloway said.

While this makes electric vehicles sound counterproductive, managing director of State Smart Transportation Initiative Eric Sundquist said electric vehicles are a better alternative to gasoline-fueled vehicles. “[Electric cars] are still an improvement over gasoline vehicles,” Sundquist said.

“They are so much more efficient [than gasoline cars] because there is a loss of electricity through heat waste from the exhaust in gasoline cars. A lot of charging stations [for electric cars] are actually run on solar and wind power, but even if that’s not the case, electric cars are still better.”

In terms of cost, someone who drives often would benefit more from an electric car compared to someone who drives infrequently, Sundquist said.

Though many electric vehicles have a higher up-front price than gasoline vehicles, he said the buyer is saving money in the long run because paying for electricity to charge a vehicle costs much less than paying for gasoline.

While some people might be hesitant about the long charging process required for some batteries, it should not be of concern for most people, Sundquist said.

“It takes longer to charge a battery than to fill up a car with gas,” Sundquist said.

“If you were using the entire battery it would be a drawback, but most people don’t have that problem because most people don’t drive that much.”

Sundquist and Joishy agreed that electric vehicles require much less attention than gasoline vehicles because their engines are overall much more efficient and reliable. Electric cars do not have a problem starting in the cold, they start quicker and they are more quiet and powerful, they said.

They also require less maintenance and have less parts to be replaced in general, Joishy said.

“There is no lubrication or oil changes required for an electric vehicle,” Joishy said.

“Oil changes are the basic maintenance item

needed for any gasoline car.”

Electric cars will become more mainstream in the future, Sundquist said.

Electric cars are becoming a more viable option for people due to dropping prices and longer battery life.

Though electric vehicles are still pricier than most gasoline vehicles, Sundquist said many manufacturers are starting to produce more moderate and lower-priced electric cars as well as reducing the cost of batteries for electric vehicles.

“Battery costs are coming way down,” Sundquist said. “Manufactures are starting to make bigger batteries that store more electricity and allow for less recharging.”

Joishy and Fleet Program Manager, Tyson Roessler agreed that replacing Madison’s fleet vehicles with electric vehicles is a large step in the right direction, and also mentioned the city’s efforts to incorporate 28 hybrid vehicles into the Madison police

department.

Joishy said a police officer ’s car also doubles as a mobile office, and the amount of wasted gas used for idling fleet cars could significantly be reduced with hybrid and electric vehicles.

Joishy, Sundquist and Holloway said electric vehicles are just one of many efforts aimed at creating a more sustainable community in Madison.

They said people in Madison can do many things to individually contribute to a more sustainable environment by simply reducing their own ecological footprint.

“Only use certain types of vehicles if you have to,” Joishy said. “Maybe you don’t need a pick-up truck, you could do the same thing in a car or a bike or hybrid vehicle. [Not only are these options] more sustainable, they can also be better for your health.”

Photo · Madison’s Fleet Superintendent is hopeful that by replacing the city’s fleet vehicles with electric versions, other cities will be encouraged to do the same.

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Meteotsunami forecasting efforts underway after recent research Initiatives progress to develop, refine prediction strategies for storm events, though further investigation needed

by Malina Barker Reporter

Though extreme weather has been a common result of the planet’s rising temperature, one natural occurrence, called meteotsunamis, has only recently been studied by scientists.

A meteotsunami occurs when convective storms moving quickly over water cause a rapid change in air pressure which displaces the water, according to the National Ocean Service. This process generates waves that can cause damage to coastal areas and put people at risk of serious harm or, in some cases, death.

In fact, a meteotsunami, generated by a 15-minute storm, caused the deaths of seven people at Lake Michigan in 2003, the Sea Grant Institute at the University of Wisconsin reported. The meteotsunami generated rip currents that pulled people away from the shore and put them in a situation that increased their risk of drowning. After the storm passed, the weather became agreeable and sunny. This led people to mistakenly believe it was safe to swim, so they went back into the water.

“ Meteotsunamis are not a new

phenomenon. We just haven’t been aware of it [until recently] We always thought of [them] as a storm until three to five years ago.”

Adam Bechle Coastal Resillience Outreach Specialist, UW Sea Grant Institute

Since then, researchers have been doing what they can to learn more about this natural phenomenon. Adam Bechle, the coastal resilience outreach specialist at Sea Grant, emphasized that a meteotsunami is not the same as a tsunami caused by seismic activity.

Instead, it is formed by meteorological events such as fast-moving storms that move over a body of water, according to the Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research. But both events result in the

displacement of water which leads to increased wave height.

“People often think of earthquake tsunamis [when hearing the term meteotsunami],” Bechle said. “But, the resulting change to water surface is similar but [on a] smaller scale.”

Though meteotsunamis have recently had increased exposure and have been studied in more depth, they are not new events.

Chin Wu, a professor at UW and expert on the subject, said meteotsunamis have been occurring for decades, but only recently have they been given a name.

“Meteotsunamis are not a new phenomenon,” Wu said. “We just haven’t been aware of it [until recently]. We always thought of [them] as a storm until three to five years ago.”

Climate change may have an impact on the occurrence and likelihood of meteotsunamis, according to research

by Wu and other scientists. A simulation of future climate scenarios over the U.S. showed that favorable days for weather that would be able to form meteotsunamis would likely increase.

These scenarios suggest that the Great Lakes region could experience an increased frequency of meteotsunamis or that they may occur earlier in the warm season.

But Bechle hesitated to confirm if climate change would affect the frequency of meteotsunamis in the Great Lakes region.

“It is hard to speculate whether climate change will affect the occurence [of meteotsunamis],” Bechle said. “Because, it is not how many thunderstorms occur but their speed. [Climate change] could affect [meteotsunami] occurrence, but I could not say with certainty.”

With the death of the Lake Michigan swimmers in mind, Bechle said conditions may seem safe after a storm has passed, but in the case of meteotsunamis, it is often the hours after a storm has passed that the water is most dangerous.

Bechle said the greatest danger is after the storm passes and beach-goers think it is safe to return to the water to swim. He said that drowning happens when storms pass and reflective waves come back in.

A definitive warning system for predicting meteotsunamis has yet

to be developed, according to CIGLR. This is due to challenges concerning the rapid variability of atmospheric and hydrodynamic conditions.

“It is difficult to forecast [meteotsunamis] because they occur with very fast moving thunderstorms,” Bechle said. “[These] much more rapid events add complexity as to how they are able to be forecasted.”

Wu stressed the importance of promoting public awareness and education of meteotsunamis. The term has gained increased recognition in recent years, and education efforts have been put forth to create and refine forecasting of the events.

There has been a development of meteotsunami forecasting and warning through the National Weather Service, but Wu emphasized that it is new knowledge, and therefore scientists have the difficulty of now having to predict and focus the forecasting of the quick moving meteotsunamis.

“Now, people pay more, stronger attention [to meteotsunamis],” Wu said.

“The question left is ‘How do we prepare for it?’”

Wu’s hope is that as people hear and learn about meteotsunamis, they begin to research them and tell their peers, colleagues and family to spread the word. The people who learn more as a secondary result will then know how to react in situations that may produce meteotsunamis.

This process will help to increase awareness and hopefully prevent people from being placed in dangerous, and potentially deadly, situations that would cause them or others harm.

“I cannot see myself ignoring [meteotsunamis],” Wu said. “There is a lot of education on tsunamis, and [we] know the impact that tsunamis can have. We cannot excuse ourselves to not pay attention to this. People should be educated, so they do not suffer anymore.”

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Madison strives to reach 100 percent renewable energy by 2030 As city sets ambitious goals, Wisconsin Youth Climate Strike, UW organizations pressure university to address climate change

by Molly DeVore City Editor

Following the Youth Climate Strike that took place globally March 15, which included a demonstration in Madison, the Madison City Council approved one of many recommendations made by Wisconsin high school students to help the city achieve 100 percent renewable energy by 2030.

The recommendation is the third of three scenarios outlined in a report presented by the Sustainable Madison Committee. The report was published last November after Madison became the 25th city in North America to set a goal of achieving 100 percent renewable energy and zero net carbon emissions.

The third scenario focuses on using known measures to reduce Madison’s carbon footprint and reduce Madison’s reliance on renewable energy certificates and carbon credits. Renewable energy certificates and carbon credits have allowed Madison to offset its carbon emissions by investing in renewable energy projects in other places such as wind farms and solar energy plants, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.

“ The long term viability of this

planet as a host for human life and otherwise is in jeopardy and cities like Madison need to lead the way.”

Zach Wood Madison City Ald., District 8

Madison city Ald. Zach Wood, District 8, said that scenario three is the most effective because while the other two options rely heavily on RECs and carbon offsets, this scenario is a significant investment in Madison’s infrastructure.

“The city of Madison is actually altering its own operations, it’s not just buying renewable energy credits. We’re actually changing the energy we’re using and generating some of our own renewable energy with things like solar,” Wood said.

Scenario three also combines many aspects of the first two scenarios by focusing on reducing demand by looking at energy efficiency, addressing supply by using renewable generation and making Madison’s transportation more sustainable, Stacie Reece, Madison’s new sustainability program coordinator said.

Madison has already purchased three electric 8 • badgerherald.com • April 2, 2019

buses, Reece said, which will work with Madison’s plan for Bus Rapid Transit.

“The BRT system is really designed for main corridors … but beyond those main corridors we will still need the Metro fleet,” Reece said.

“So the Bus Rapid Transit … is going to reduce single occupancy emissions … and then electrifying the transit fleet will reduce those emissions for the rest of the community.”

Reece said that scenario three’s emphasis on transportation is important because it is a more long-term investment in the community, adding that contracts for RECs and carbon offsets end but electric buses are “for the long haul.”

Scenario three would be a $95 million investment over 13 years, which is more expensive than the other two scenarios. But, this scenario would also save the city more money over time, Reece said. She explained that with scenario three, Madison is expected to save $78 million in fuel by 2030.

According to Reece, at the end of 2018 about 14 percent of Madison’s energy was renewable, but that number is expected to change drastically in 2019 with the implementation of scenario three.

Wood cited a recent report published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change which found that global warming is likely to reach 1.5°C above preindustrial levels between 2030 and 2052 if it continues to increase at the current rate. Wood said that in light of this report these changes could not come soon enough.

“Madison and every other community on the planet should have been doing this yesterday, as we’ve seen by a number of recent studies ... we really don’t have a choice,” Wood said. “The long term viability of this planet as a host for human life and otherwise is in jeopardy and cities like Madison need to lead the way.”

Organizers of the Youth Climate Strike were also motivated by the IPCC report. Max Prestigiacomo, the lead organizer for the Wisconsin Youth Climate Strike and a Middleton High School senior, said that because federal governments are “failing to act” it’s up to individuals and local municipal governments to make a change.

The Youth Climate Strike aims to effect this change while making sure the needs of marginalized groups are prioritized because, according to Prestigiacomo, they are the most impacted by climate change.

Prestigiacomo used Madison’s recent flooding as an example of this disproportionate impact, saying that because of his privilege he was able to recover after his house was flooded, however, that was not an option for everyone.

“It really takes a toll more on marginalized communities than it does for privileged communities and I think that’s a fact that we don’t really recognize enough,” Prestigiacomo said. “As youth we wanted to bring that to the forefront of

Photo · Students around the world walked out of school March 15 to protest climate change.

Ella Guo The Badger Herald

“ It [climate change] really takes a toll more on marginalized communities than it does for privileged communities and I think that’s a fact that we don’t really recognize enough.”

Max Prestigiacomo, Middelton High School senior and Youth Climate Strike lead organizer

the conversation because we didn’t think that our politicians were really talking about it.”

Prestigiacomo added that youth are able to be more empathetic to injustices across the globe because of how interconnected the internet has made his generation. He said that social media allows a diverse group of voices to be heard.

One voice trying to be heard on University of Wisconsin’s campus is that of the members of Campus Leaders for Energy Now. CLEAN was started in 2017 in an effort to get UW to commit to using only renewable energy by 2030.

Cara Nastali, a UW senior studying civil engineering and executive board member of CLEAN said that UW’s energy is currently only 11 percent renewable, adding that UW is one of the only Big Ten schools without a plan for converting to renewable energy.

Though UW is focused on increasing energy efficiency, UW leaders are not motivated enough to pursue renewable energy, Nastali said.

“UW’s been putting off going more renewable and lately it seems like there’s a disconnect between the university and what the actual city wants to do,” Nastali said. “It just seems like they always have the same excuses.”

UW’s excuses include lack of funding, poor timing and the current political climate, Nastali said.

Wood said that he hopes Madison can be a leader in the renewable energy movement and influence others to adopt similar goals .“The city of Madison’s own operations are just a small drop in the bucket and in order to really mitigate climate change it’s going to take significant reduction in energy usage and carbon emissions in the private sector,” Wood said.

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Mumford and Sons dazzle Kohl Center with alt-rock energy

Alongside opener Cat Power, British alternative band rocks Madison venue with blend of new and old work spanning decade of hits

by Grace Statz ArtsEtc. Associate

With the Kohl Center just wrapping up its schedule of playing host to the Wisconsin basketball and men’s hockey teams, Saturday night allowed the venue a change of pace. Mumford and Sons took over the arena, promoting their new album “Delta.”

People of all ages attended, ranging from children accompanied by their parents to those over 60. The stage sat in the middle of the floor with room around all sides so that general admission viewers could fully surround the band, which they did. It was a different type of energy than I had ever felt in that space. Instead of gathering to watch the Badgers take on a foe, we were all gathering to share in a musical experience.

Consisting of lead vocalist and guitarist Marcus Mumford, keyboardist Ben Lovett, guitarist Winston Marshall and bassist Ted Dwane, Mumford and Sons has continued to define their alternative sound for over a decade.

The crowd eagerly awaited the opener together, even doing the wave right before the opener, Cat Power, took the stage. This anticipation, which I have come to solely associate with sporting events, made me feel united with the rest of the audience. As Cat Power began to play, I felt myself listening

with the crowd like I do at sporting events, rather than just as an individual.

Mumford and Sons’ new album, “Delta,” was released in November 2018 and consists of 14 songs, one of which they opened with.

“Guiding Light” got the crowd tapping their feet and in a more energetic mood and the band quickly became comfortable moving around the stage. Their overlapping vocals and tempo changes filled the crowd with energy. Mumford set a clear tone for the rest of the show by telling the audience “if you find yourself in a seat, it doesn’t mean you have to use it.”

I hadn’t listened to Mumford and Sons since I was a junior in high school, so when I heard they were coming to Madison, I thought it would be a good opportunity for some nostalgia. Luckily for me, they performed some songs off their earlier albums which I, and everyone else in the crowd, very clearly knew word for word.

It truly felt like a Kohl Center event when they played “Little Lion Man”, “The Cave” and “Lover of the Light.” The ground shook just like Camp Randall after the third quarter as everyone moved along with the beat.Their lighting and stage presence was truly breathtaking. That, combined with the pure talent the group holds, made this one of the best live performances I’ve seen.

Lighting around the inside of the stage set a

Photo · Mumford and Sons performed songs off their new album alongside the pleasing hits.

Quinn Beaupre The Badger Herald backdrop for the band from whatever angle you had the pleasure of viewing and the lighting from above subtly added a feeling of intimacy and emotion to their songs.This is the longest tour the group has embarked

on, but they showed no signs of fatigue.

Each song showed true and honest emotion, and when weighing the value of music, that’s what truly matters.

Local restaurants elevate cheap college staples to next level Various Madison fixtures try their hand at typical cheap food options like ramen, mac and cheese, chicken fingers to heighten students’ palette

by Emily Penn ArtsEtc. Associate

Being a college student comes with a lot of stereotypes. The typical quick and cheap foods eaten by students are no exception. If you’re living in a closet passed off as a dorm room with nothing except a microwave, maybe the stereotypes are true.

Whether you need a break from classic mainstays in your college diet or are desperately craving a cheat day from your healthy lifestyle, turn to these elevated options of the classics that can be found locally in Madison.

Stereotypical Food #1: Mac and Cheese Let’s face it, Easy Mac was practically created for students living in a dorm. Though a cup of Easy Mac never fails to satisfy, Graze brings a whole new level to delicious with their mac and cheese. Baked with 10-year aged cheddar and herbed breadcrumbs, this decadent dish is a crowd pleaser. And an additional bonus, pulled pork can be added to the cheesy goodness.

A bowl of mac and cheese from Graze will make you rethink that next pack of Easy Mac you are tempted to buy. At $10 a bowl, this elevated food option remains a tasty treat for lunch, dinner or as a snack. While you’re there, stay for the homemade, warm, gooey chocolate chip cookies and milk.

Stereotypical Food #2: Cup Noodles Ramen noodle soup in a cup is a classic. But thanks to the relatively new Strings Ramen on North Frances Street, Cup Noodles just got a major makeover. Strings Ramen serves homemade egg noodles in a variety of soup bases. Unlike Cup Noodles, the broth and the noodles are just the beginning. These bowls topped with protein and veggies pack major flavor.

Stereotypical Food #3: Chicken Fingers Nitty Gritty leaves sad dining hall chicken nuggets in the dust with their options. Besides being known as a place for deliciously greasy burgers, Nitty Gritty also gives chicken fingers a

run for their money. A fried chicken sandwich on a pretzel bun offers a more sophisticated take on the standard chicken patties found under heat lamps at Gordon’s. Pick your poison of flavor, there’s no such thing as a bad fried chicken sandwich.

Getting the most bang for your buck: Ha Long Bay For those who haven’t ventured out to Ha Long Bay on Willy Street, they have no idea what they are missing. Asian food is by no means a college mainstay, but Ha Long Bay has earned its place on this list. An ordera from Ha Long Bay is almost guaranteed to be enough food for two meals.

Leftovers — now this is starting to sound more typical. A personal favorite is the Pad See Eew, a mound of cloud-like, fluffy, sweet soy noodles with tons of broccoli, carrot and your choice of protein. The leftovers are by far the best part.

Late Night Munchies: Tornado Room When that late-night slice of pizza just won’t cut it anymore, Tornado Club’s late-night menu has got you covered. Served exclusively from 10 p.m.

to 1 a.m., Tornado Club’s typically pricey menu becomes college-student affordable for steak, burgers, heaping portions of cheese curds and more. A fan favorite tends to be the steak sandwich — but be aware this popular choice sometimes runs out before 1 a.m. Try heading to the lower level seating for some serious jazz-like ambiance.

Quick Eats: Food Carts Whether you want a step up from chicken fingers, a fancy grilled cheese sandwich or a taste of a cuisine you don’t typically indulge in, the food carts on Library Mall have more than enough options. Unique to Madison, a trip to the food carts is something to not miss out on. A personal favorite is a toss-up between the spring roll at Fresh Cool Drinks or a gourmet panini from Toast.

Madison’s food scene is vibrant and diverse. The constraints of dorm-room living are no challenge to the range of options in walking distance on and around campus. Easy Mac and Cup Noodles aren’t going anywhere — temporarily leave the stereotypes aside to see what Madison has to offer.

April 2, 2019 • badgerherald.com • 9

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Weezer embodies musicianship, nostalgia in Madison performance Well-established alternative rock band demonstrated marvelous ability to evolve, reinvigorate old favorites for Alliant Energy Center crowd

by Angela Peterson ArtsEtc. Editor

As my professor mentioned in my introduction to cartography class, there’s a distinct difference between artists who stick to the one thing they know best, continuing to push out products solely in that style, and artists who use varied stylistic influences to create innovative, invigorating art.

Weezer proved Sunday night at the Alliant Energy Center that they all belong squarely within the latter group of artists.

The pop rock group, featuring lead vocalist and guitarist Rivers Cuomo, drummer Patrick Wilson, guitarist Brian Bell and bassist Scott Shriner, closed out the evening’s musical offerings on a high note following performances from Basement and the Pixies.

While I ultimately spent half of Basement’s early set listening to the band from the security checkpoint line, the band’s set seemed to display characteristics of an elevated “basement show.” This, of course, is quite fitting to their name. I always admire groups who are able to take this oftenbeguiled genre and make it something worth listening to. With their short set, I wished I could hear a couple more songs to see what else the group is capable of live.

The same could not be said for the Pixies.

While an incredibly influential group for the formation of modern alternative rock, their long set was incredibly inaccessible for a good portion of the audience.

Part of this was due to an improper sound mix which left the music deafening and incoherent. Coupled with lead vocalist Black Francis’ inability to pause the set and connect with the audience in between songs to gauge how they were liking things, I felt entirely out-of-sync with the performance.

There were even points when I legitimately questioned whether the lyrics Francis sang were English or Russian. Murmurings from around me confirmed that I was not alone in my critical assumptions. Again, this problem potentially could have been lessened through a more comprehensive sound, given the center ’s wonky acoustic structure that is great for holding people but not amazing for holding concerts.

Weezer ’s set, however, appeared to rectify any audio issues present in the Pixies’ set, evidenced as the foursome stepped out in front of the stage’s curtain to perform a barbershop-quartet style version of their hit single “Pork and Beans.” Not only was the singing crisp and impressive from each member, the choice of using a barbershop-

quartet set the tone for the night to come.

Following the January release of “The Teal Album,” which consists of covers of popular songs, Weezer wisely decided to design the tour with a “throwback” aesthetic. The first set of songs were performed before the backdrop of a 1950’s style home, which was an apt setting for “Buddy Holly” and alerted the audience that they certainly should expect a narrative with the group’s set. Classics like “Africa” also found their way into this portion of the set, engaging the audience from the beginning of the set.

The kitchen set-up was peeled away to reveal a garage set-up for the next set of songs. Tunes chosen for this portion of the set would also feel at home in any garage or basement show, adding the the show’s structured narrative. The band utilized Black Sabbath and Tears for Fears covers during this time to help convey that vibe. The band also included their first single “Undone — The Sweater Song,” in this portion of the set, again confirming the idea that this portion represented a band just getting their feet wet.

During the Black Sabbath number, Cuomo sent out on a boat, the S. S. Weezer, into the audience. Once docked ashore at the back of the arena, Cuomo pulled out an

acoustic guitar and serenaded the crowd with “Perfect Situation” and “Stand By Me.” While my mind might have spent too long figuring out if this boat was supposed to be traveling through “rivers,” this was nevertheless a cool concert effect.

After these songs, the stage appeared decked out in full-on rock concert gear, complete with a large, lit-up “W” and pyrotechnics. Weezer still had many favorites to play by the time they reached this grand stage, including hits like “My Name is Jonas” and “Beverly Hills.” The hardcore 10-yearold version of me who played “My Name is Jonas” too many times on Guitar Hero since I couldn’t get past the first level may or may not have “fangirled” very hard and screamed all of the lyrics.

Weezer closed out the evening with something old and something new during their encore. “Surf Wax America” from their March release, “The Black Album,” kept the audience roused before the band inevitably played hit “Say It Ain’t So.” Weezer showcased their finesse of style throughout each section of the show, making the evening an entirely enjoyable experience and cementing their ability to evolve as a band.

Photo ·Black Francis leads The Pixies in a raucous tune.

Photo · Rivers Cuomo rocks out in front of Weezer’s unique, 1950s-style backdrop.

Quinn Beaupre The Badger Herald

Quinn Beaupre The Badger Herald

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InterMission Theatre highlights student performers in spring cabaret Entertaining ensemble of singers, actors, directors charm audience in showcase of popular Broadway numbers, scenes from past and present

by Reina Werth Copy Chief

A talented group of singers and actors performed in InterMission Theatre’s 2019 Spring Musical Theatre Cabaret March 29 and 30 at Mitchell Theatre.

The Cabaret, directed by University of Wisconsin students Josie Brandmeier, Benjamin Liupaogo, Nick Pavelic and Bryanna Plaisir, featured a lineup of songs any theatre nerd would be happy to hear, including tunes from “Dear Evan Hansen,” “The Book of Mormon” and “Rent.” While all aspects of the show were well done, the singers definitely stole the show.

Sixteen incredibly talented soloists among the 20-member ensemble performed beautiful and powerful solo and duet sections to the crowd’s delight.

The Cabaret showcased a number of musicals spanning different moods. From comedic to sorrowful, the singers mastered each and found a way to connect with each piece.

Following the ensemble’s entertaining rendition of “Belle” from “Beauty and the Beast,” Tanner Zocher and Dillon Moore kept the audience laughing with “All for the Best” from “Godspell.” The pair ’s voices complemented one another nicely, even

when they were presenting the battling viewpoints of Judas and Jesus on why some people fall on hard times.

Actors Lindsey Cardell, Ari Manghera, Carly Serketich, Connor Torpy, Hannah Weibel and Valentino Wolf performed scenes from seven musicals before songs which corresponded to the scenes were sung. While all of the actors gave great performances, Torpy delivered one of the most notable efforts with a scene from “Dear Evan Hansen.”Torpy’s portrayal of Evan Hansen, a socially anxious teen who has accidentally gotten in over his head in an emotionallycharged situation was spot on, from the way he delivered his lines to the anxious tics he added. The scene blended seamlessly into “Disappear,” also from “Dear Evan Hansen.”

Though “Disappear” is not the most wellknown song from “Dear Evan Hansen,” it is one of the most relatable and emotional, and it remained so as it was sung by a group of six performers. Moore and Pavelic, singing the parts of Conor Murphy and Evan Hansen respectively, stood out in this piece not only for their incredible vocal talent but for their performative emotional

connection to the song.

Switching from a song like “Disappear” to a song like “With Cat-like Tread” from “Pirates of Penzance,” which has an entirely different mood, is a tall order for anyone, but the members of the male ensemble managed it with ease. “With Cat-like Tread” — a song the ensemble clearly had fun acting out — displayed the strength the singers had as a group leading to an altogether memorable piece.

One of the most anticipated songs of the evening, “Let’s Hear it for the Boy” from “Footloose” lived up to expectations.

Soloist Plaisir ’s powerful voice brought the house down on more than one occasion, but no more impressively than during this spectacular number. ”Therapy” from “Tick, Tick ... Boom!” is funny on its own, but the performance by Hansen and Seamus Fleischman had the audience in stitches between their precise timing and hilarious acting. ”One Normal Night,” from “The Addams Family” was sung by the whole ensemble, but featured Sam Vinitsky, Zocher and Claire Turke as soloists. As a whole, this was one of the most memorable pieces of the evening. Between Turke (Wednesday

Addams) belting out killer notes, Vinitsky (Gomez Addams) hitting a near-operatic note and Zocher (Lucas Beineke) playing the role of a nervous teen to a tee coupled by the sheer chaos the ensemble reenacted, it’s no wonder the directors chose to end the first act with this fun number.

“Song of Purple Summer” from “Spring Awakening” was easily one of the most beautiful pieces of the show. With Brandmeier taking the lead, the ensemble produced a gorgeous song that had a near elegant quality to it. ”No Day But Today/Finale B” from “Rent” had this same quality, and combined it with the powerful voices of Ladue, Fleischman and Joey Ferrito to achieve an ethereal sound that left me with goosebumps running up and down my arms.

Following “No Day But Today/ Finale B” to close the show was “Embrace Your Inner Geek” from “Band Geeks.” “Embrace Your Inner Geek” showcased the strong connection between the ensemble members and was the perfect way to close a very strong and enjoyable show .Keep an eye on InterMission’s social media for any updates on upcoming shows.

Photo · The student ensemble performs during this weekend’s cabaret.

Photo · IMT members perform a number from ‘Dear Evan Hansen.’

Reina Werth The Badger Herald

Reina Werth The Badger Herald April 2, 2019 • badgerherald.com • 11

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Low enrollment numbers loom over under-funded humanities departments

Intellectual inequality stemming from lack of access to liberal arts courses cause for worry

by Parker Schorr Digital News Editor

As construction crews and architects shaped 400 acres of rolling farmland and orchards in South Amherst, Massachusetts, into libraries, residence halls, and tennis courts, Franklin Patterson was given an even more commanding task: Develop, from scratch, an experimental kind of liberal arts college that was unlike any school that had come before.

When Hampshire College’s first students arrived in 1970, they did not do the work of typical freshmen. In fact, they weren’t even considered freshman. Instead of the traditional four year track, the school’s curriculum was divided into three “divisions” that students matured through at their own pace: Exploration and Working Across Disciplines, Concentration and Creating Knowledge.

Instead of selecting a major and following a predetermined academic pathway, Hampshire’s students developed an area of concentration and designed their own studies programs, often teaching their peers in student-led seminars. Rather than being measured by grades, students received extensively written “narrative evaluations” from their professors, eliminating academic competition altogether.

The school’s founders, believing their students were “capable of far more independence than they exercised in present college programs,” freed them from required courses, periodic exams and rigid course requirements.

The school’s various experiments, mostly developed by Patterson, Hampshire’s first president, were directed towards two distinct ends: first, to reduce the cost of college and, second, to provide a broad, liberal arts education that simultaneously developed a students’ capacity to educate themselves and be socially responsible citizens.

When Laird Boswell enrolled at Hampshire in 1975 and began exploring languages, political science and literature, he wasn’t thinking of future employment prospects or earnings. Actually, he admits, he wasn’t really thinking at all about what he should and shouldn’t study.

“There probably wasn’t a lot of thought process,” Boswell said, laughing. “It was just by interest and by affinity.”

Now, as chair of the history department at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Boswell is witnessing the type of liberal arts education that Hampshire envisioned slip away.

Following the 2008 housing market crash, enrollment in humanities courses has plummeted to unprecedented depths. As student debt skyrocketed to more than $1.5 trillion and the financial crisis sparked fears of unemployment and low wages across the nation, nearly every humanities major saw significant declines in enrollment.

The crisis in humanities is about more than just missing out on a Shakespeare class or a French language seminar, however. It’s one facet of a broader, systemic crisis in higher education where money shapes what people study, how they study it, and what people value in an education.

An old problem Although surprising, the recent drop in enrollment in humanities and some of the factors contributing to it are unique to this moment, but not unprecedented.

Between 1970 and 1985, humanities enrollments dropped from 17.2 percent of all degrees to around seven percent, assistant 12 • April 2, 2019 • badgerherald.com

professor in international history at the University of British Columbia Heidi Tworek found — the biggest drop ever seen.

Northeastern University assistant history professor Ben Schmidt discovered that the factors behind the drop were easy enough to understand: While the same percentage of men — 7 percent — major in humanities today as in the 1950s, women’s choices shifted higher education dramatically.

As women became the majority of the undergraduate student body at American colleges in the late 1970s, they increasingly chose pre-professional degrees like business or communications over humanities. Whereas 20 percent of women majored in the humanities in the 1960s, just 10 percent did by the 1980s.

Schmidt sees the big picture of humanities like this: Baby Boomers flooded into colleges in the 60s (a “boom”), which caused the humanities to collapse in the 70s (a “bust”). The humanities then entered a long stable period between 1990 and 2008. That period, following the financial crisis, has ended, and the humanities are now entering a new phase.

This new phase, marked by exorbitant tuition prices and mounting student debt, means colleges won’t reach even two-thirds as many humanities majors as they did in 2005, Schmidt said.

The history of the phrase “crisis in humanities” isn’t even new.

Wayne Bivens-Tatum, a librarian at Princeton, compiled a history of the “crisis” in humanities and found hyperbolic claims about the end of its various subjects dating back to at least the 1920s.

“In our days the field of modern languages is undergoing a severe crisis,” a scholar wrote in 1940. “There is a general crisis in the humanities, there is a particular and more acute crisis in modern foreign languages.”

One aspect of the “crisis in the humanities” is that “we have tended to lose the sense of delight and newness all good literature gives,” another scholar wrote in 1949.

And so on, through the decades, concerned professors and intellectuals have cried out over the fate of the humanities, only to discover that they are more resilient than previously thought.

And yet, researchers of this most recent dip believe it truly is a crisis this time around.

Schmidt, who prefaced his analysis of the most recent dip in humanities enrollment by admitting that it seems like he’s crying wolf, said the drop has been so intense that it is — in every sense of the word — a crisis.

“We are in a momentum of rapid change in which decisions are especially important and will have continuing ramifications,” Schmidt wrote. “Unless current trends reverse rapidly and for several years, humanities education in the 2020s will have to be different than it was in the 2000s.”

And Tworek, who argued in 2013 that the current downturn was “a gentle slope in comparison to the 1970s, when humanities enrollments fell off a cliff,” has changed her mind, too.

As new data comes out, she said what once looked like a slight dip has become something a lot more “alarming.”

“It’s always tricky when you label something a crisis, but certainly I’m less sanguine than I was in 2013 because now what we see is what could have been just a temporary dip has become very much a long term trend,” Tworek said.

Intellectual inequality Since the Great Recession, history, religion, area studies, humanistic studies, foreign languages, and literature have seen the steepest declines in enrollment. Meanwhile, computer science and STEM majors have skyrocketed to the point where every class is

filled to capacity.

No major has been hit as hard as history. Its 34,642 majors in 2008 were reduced to 24,266 in 2017, even as enrollment in higher education grew. The drop in majors was mirrored by a drop in course enrollments, especially in upper-level courses.

English majors, meanwhile, have fallen by nearly half since the late 1990s. In the past three years, 651 foreign-language programs have been cut from colleges nationwide.

In 2008, UW-Madison awarded 1,830 bachelor’s degrees in the humanities. In 2016, it awarded 1,025 degrees, the lowest mark since 1986 despite increased enrollment. The history department, mirroring nationwide trends, saw just 142 students major in history in 2016. In 2008, 353 students were history majors, a dip of nearly 60 percent.

“We’re both aware of [declining enrollment] and concerned about it,” Boswell said.

But even at UW, where enrollment in departments like history are at their lowest points since 1984 (the earliest data point the university provides), the department hasn’t felt much of the effects of the drop in enrollment yet, Boswell said. He said some of the classes don’t have as many students in them that they used to, and they are now teaching more first and second-year students and less upper-division classes, but recent trends do not pose an existential threat to the department.

The same cannot be said for the humanities departments of less wealthy, less selective colleges that educate the majority of the nation’s college students, however.

When state governments cut funding from higher education, as Wisconsin’s legislature has done consistently over the past 40 years, colleges are forced to shift their funding scheme to rely more heavily on tuition and donations. While flagship universities like UW enjoy the benefits that come with being an attractive, leading research institution — namely, the ability to fundraise more than $500 million from wealthy donors and raise tuition prices — smaller colleges do not.

Instead, they have to make hard choices and cut back, Boswell said, and the humanities are usually on the cutting block. At UWStevens Point, for instance, school administrators proposed cutting the history department and other humanities departments entirely so they could refocus their limited resources on career-directed programs.

The declining enrollment in humanities and the resultant cutback in these programs likely impacts lower-income students and students of color disproportionately. The Georgetown University’s Center on Education and the Workforce found that white, Latino and black people are funneled into two separate, unequal higher education systems.

The doors of selective colleges are “open wider to white students than to their black and latino peers,” their report found, with whites holding almost two-thirds of the seats in selective public colleges despite making up only 54 percent of the nation’s collegeage population. The vast majority of black and latino students, meanwhile, enroll in “overcrowded and underfunded open-access colleges, primarily community colleges.”

Martin Van Der Werf, a policy director for the Center, said open access and middle-tier schools that have seen their funding cut by state legislatures usually can’t make up the difference with fundraising and tuition. Even though liberal arts programs are not the most expensive to fund, and their professors are not the most highly paid, they are still seen as “extras” on campuses like UWStevens Point, he said.

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facebook.com/badgerherald The New Yorker writer Eric Alterman writes that the separation between what a person can study at a middle-tier or community college and what someone can study at an elite, selective college is “intellectual inequality.”

“I do not refer to the obvious and ineluctable fact that some people are smarter than others but, rather, to the fact that some people have the resources to try to understand our society while most do not,” Alterman wrote.

Indeed, at elite universities, the humanities are flourishing. At Yale, for instance, history is still the third most popular major.

Tworek said the resurgence in humanities at elite universities is problematic.

“The really important aspect of what we’re trying to understand here is why is it that humanities have started to become an elite pursuit, which is deeply problematic because the humanities provide those analytical ... skills that are deeply important to our contemporary world and are not something that should be restricted by class,” Tworek said.

Money begets money, and the types of industries that have the best likelihood of producing well off graduates will often attract the largest donations, which in turn raises the profile of the department and draws more students into the program, Van Der Werf said.

It’s no surprise, then, that new construction funds are typically invested into business, engineering, and computer science schools and not journalism schools and the social sciences, Van Der Werf said. At UW-Madison, this point is evident, where the new $11 million Business School library, privately funded by alumni and friends of the Wisconsin School of Business in partnership with the University of Wisconsin Foundation, overlooks Vilas Hall, a building for communications majors that has been left virtually untouched since its opening in 1972.

Money begets money The reasons for students turning away from humanities are numerous, complex and interconnected — and often erroneous.

Student Orientation, Advising, and Registration, a program that introduces first-year students to UW-Madison, roughly tracks through surveys what students are interested in majoring in. Fifteen years ago, 5 or 6 percent said history, Boswell said. Now, it’s under 1 percent.

“It doesn’t even appear on their radar screens as something that they’re interested in,” Boswell said. “And so the shift happens before they even show up here.”

One influence is family. In 2013, 42 percent of parents said their children’s earning potential was more important than what they majored in, up from 38 percent the year before. As college tuition soars and families have ended up footing the bill for nearly half of all college tuition, parents often feel it’s important that their children recieve a good, well-paying job to go with their degree.

Students, and likely parents as well, have misconceptions about the earnings and job prospects attached to certain majors, though.

In a recent study, Michelle Van Noy, the associate director of Rutgers University’s Education and Employment Research Center, found that students had inflated expectations of potential future earnings, especially in the fields of business, health and STEM. Business students, for instance, thought they would make $75,000 a year once they graduated. In reality, the median earnings of someone with a business degree is $65,000.

Although humanities students also over-estimated what they thought they would earn, they inflated their earnings to a significantly lesser degree than STEM and business majors.

Van Noy argues popular media likely plays an important role in forming misconceptions about job prospects and earnings before kids enroll in college. Articles like TIME’s “The Highest-Paying Jobs for New College Grads” and cultural views towards majors lead students into thinking most humanities majors make less than most STEM majors or are more likely to be unemployed.

“My interpretation of that phenomenon is that the students are hearing all of this discussion about those being lucrative fields or fields that are very secure, where you can make a lot of money, and so they’re in general forming these expectations about what earning potentials are in those fields,” Van Noy said.

Evidence indicates that humanities majors are probably slightly worse off — one more point of unemployment, $5,000 to $10,000 less per year in income, higher debt-to-income ratio — than finance, computer-science, business and most STEM majors.

But, the difference isn’t as drastic as many think, where history majors are “driving taxis and serving french fries,” Boswell said. In fact, humanities majors are actually better off than life-science and social-science majors and go into a multitude of fields, from school teachers to lawyers to business owners.

The standard argument for an education in humanities is that it prepares you for a variety of jobs by making you a critical thinker, a good writer, and able to digest large amounts of information. These qualities, which can be adapted to fit myriad job types and positions are attractive to employers.

“There may not be a whole lot of jobs waiting of you when you graduate with that bachelor’s degree in English,” Van Der Werf said. “But you might be tailoring your experience to something where you can really turn that into something a lot more lucrative.”

Transferrable tools For a long time, a liberal arts core was a standard offering at nearly every college across the nation, from the smallest community college to the most towering, elite university. Now, these same departments have to flex their muscles, many for the first time, and show that they can attract students in order to get funding.

At the University of British Columbia, Tworek said the history department has warded off irrelevance by being part of the international relations major. Students can’t major in history, but they can take history as part of an interdisciplinary major, which connects history with degrees it normally wouldn’t come in contact with, she said.

Although UW-Madison is not cutting off the history department anytime soon, Boswell said the department is adapting to changing times.

To entice first and second year students to continue taking their classes, the department has started putting some of its best professors in entry level courses. They also recently merged with the department of history of science, a small but prestigious department on campus, in the hopes that it will attract STEM students with courses like History of Chemistry and History of Zoology.

They are also one of the few departments to offer a full-time career advisor. Courtney Rodriguez, who graduated in 2017, discovered the career advisor was essential, especially for exploring the vast array of jobs open to history majors.

When Rodriguez switched from a biochemistry major to a history and political science major in her junior year, she had to take a leap of faith.

Enjoined to the biochemistry major was a direct career path, Rodriguez said. It was practically guaranteed she’d have a job waiting for her at the other end. But when she switched, the path looked a lot more ambiguous and daunting. Her biochemistry peers, skeptical of her decision, questioned her ability to get a decent job as a history major.

“I was 100 percent worried,” Rodriguez said.

But the switch felt right. When she was forced to take liberal arts classes as a biochemistry major, she discovered her love of history and political science. She found herself spending more time on her liberal arts classes. She even landed a job as a tour guide for the Wisconsin Historical Museum.

But when advisors would say she could do anything with a history major, she felt worried, not inspired.

“With history it’s so ambiguous and that’s daunting and it’s great that you can do anything and that they’re transferable skills.

However, you want that answer,” Rodriguez said. “You want that definite answer, but you have to embrace and trust [that] your abilities and your skillset as an historian ... are transferable and employable in various job markets.”

Even if there’s a “decline in historical thinking” at college campuses, the love for history — and humanities more generally — are likely not declining.

After graduating, Rodriguez was quickly hired as the assistant state coordinator of National History Day in Wisconsin, an international program for middle and high schoolers where students can select any moment or type of history that interests them and create a project for it.

In the thousands of students across Wisconsin who take part in the program — and the hundreds who decide to compete in regional, statewide and nationwide history contests — Rodriguez sees young people embrace history and their connection to it without the weight of job prospects and earnings looming.

“They can explore [different topics] and what they uncover is the power to understand why their world looks the way it does,” Rodriguez said.

Rodriguez remembers one student who, while being interview by a panel of judges at a history contest, said she went to a museum to study their subject and discovered they wrote letters to their family. The student was surprised people wrote in cursive and in full sentences in the past, and it inspired her to start writing things down and communicating with their loved ones in writing.

When students share their projects to panels, Rodriguez said parents start to understand that history is not useless and that the skills these students learn by actively guiding their own research and exploring their curiosities is valuable.

“The word is out there, I guess you could say,” Rodriguez said.

“You can feel it in the room.”

Lifelong education Hampshire College, surrounded by trees and set against the Holyoke Mountain Range, is in trouble.

Though it started as something entirely new, it now faces issues common to meagerly funded, small universities: closures, mergers or acquisitions.

The college was developed according to the guidelines set forth

by The Committee for New College, a group appointed by the presidents of four, small Massachusetts colleges to “rethink the assumptions underlying education in the liberal arts” and provide “education of the highest quality at a minimum cost per student.”

The four schools — Amherst College, Smith College, Mount Holyoke College, and the University of Massachusetts — understood American higher education was facing a crisis at the time. As Baby Boomers poured into higher education, they outstripped the resources of universities across the nation, but especially at smaller institutions.

The crisis in higher education today, though different in kind, is similar in effect. Rising tuition, student debt and dwindling enrollment could spell doom for smaller, private colleges and midtier schools. The elite private institutions and leading state colleges, meanwhile, will weather the storm.

Most, like UW-Stevens Point, will cut costs by skimming off the humanities programs. But, as Hampshire has modelled for the past 50 years, there’s also room for experiments in higher education.

Rejecting a “narrow” view of education, where its value comes from what job it lands you or what salary it helps you pocket, the school’s founders write in “The New College Plan” that they believe, unabashedly, in a liberal arts curriculum.

“The most important contribution a college can make to its students is to develop in them a capacity to continue their education throughout their lives,” they write. badgerherald.com • April 2, 2019 • 13

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Lawmakers need to brush up on basic economic knowledge Pursuit of a balanced budget amendment is based on a fundamental misunderstanding of the way government spending works

by Sam Ropa Columnist

Like many others, I daydream about what former Gov. Scott Walker is doing with all his free time. But I don’t have to fantasize any more. Apparently, the former Wisconsin governor wants to dedicate the next part of his public life to balancing the U.S. government budget.

It’s hard to stress how silly this quest is.

The Center for State-led National Debt solutions — the group Walker now heads — wants to hold a convention to approve a balanced budget amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Effectively, the amendment would require that government spending be roughly equal to the tax revenues the government takes in.

The idea that the U.S. federal budget should be balanced — that tax revenues should finance all of the government’s operations — is based on a fundamentally misinformed view of how government budgets work.

The U.S. federal government, unlike state and local governments, is something

economists call a “sovereign monetary authority” — an entity that prints and controls its money. Since the federal government prints its own currency and manages the money supply through taxation and monetary policy, it has the power to issue debt dominated in this currency.

But this debt isn’t like household debt — that is, a liability that needs to be repaid — because in economic terms, public debts are just private assets. Citizens, businesses and other governments hold U.S. government debt in the form of treasury bonds or securities. Also, this debt cannot be defaulted on, because it is denominated in currency controlled by the U.S. government. When the government needs to pay its debts, it prints money and pays them. This isn’t a misuse of public money, or an example of a government operating “beyond its means” — it’s an integral part of how government finance works.

Currently, the government’s activities aren’t made with an eye towards balanced budgets, making the idea of balancing every part of the budget especially

ludicrous. As a landmark 2000 paper by Stephanie Kelton explained, the federal government doesn’t really finance its activities by levying taxes or issuing bonds, at least in the short term. If the government wants a bridge built, it contracts builders and deposits money in their bank accounts to pay for it.

“The basic idea is that the government can’t run out of money,” Kelton said. “It creates money just by spending.”

John Maynard Keynes’ most important insight was that the government should use this power in deficit spending during economic downturns. When the economy is in a recession, like the Great Depression that preceded the 1929 stock market crash — or the one following the 2007-08 subprime mortgage crisis — the economy isn’t as productive as it can be, and society suffers because of it.

To alleviate this suffering, Keynes said the government needs to step in and spend. It needs to expand social support programs like unemployment benefits, food assistance, crop insurance and health insurance programs like Medicare.

It needs to guarantee jobs to unemployed people that want to be working. It should provide debt relief to homeowners and create housing authorities to ensure access to affordable housing.

If a government is constitutionally obligated to balance its budget, it can’t do any of these things — it can do nothing to mitigate the most harmful effects of market capitalism.To the government, money isn’t a scarce resource — it’s always spent into existence. Well-trained labor can be scarce. Energy can be scarce. Loans to small businesses can be scarce. Affordable housing and healthcare and nutritious food can be scarce.

Balanced budgets turn money into the scarce resource it doesn’t have to be, and society would suffer because of it. The government has a duty to step in when markets fail and balanced budgets take the tools it needs to fulfill this duty.

Money should never be scarce. Ever.

Sam Ropa (ropa@wisc.edu) is a senior majoring in geography and anthropology.

What the Milwaukee DNC means for Wisconsin Democrats

After losing state to Trump in 2016 election, Democrats make it clear they do not plan on repeating glaring mistakes

by Courtney Degen Columnist

In 2016, Wisconsin handed its 10 electoral votes to President Donald Trump, helping him win the Electoral College despite losing the popular vote to Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton. This was the first time that a Republican presidential or Senate candidate won the state in 30 years. The last Republican president that Wisconsin helped elect was Ronald Reagan in 1984.

Flash forward to today, and Milwaukee was just chosen to host the Democratic National Convention in 2020. Despite other attractive options like Miami and Houston, the Democratic party decided to come to Wisconsin, the land of beer and cheese.

There are many reasons why Milwaukee was chosen, but on a practical note, Miami had the oldest arena among the finalist cities, while Milwaukee has the newly-built Fiserv Forum. Houston was a concern for Democrats advocating for environmental reform, as the city depends on oil and gas, and the hip and trendy Denver dropped out after making the top four 14 • April 2, 2019 • badgerherald.com

considered cities. This left Milwaukee as the only logical choice.

Perhaps another obvious reason for choosing to host the DNC in Wisconsin was to make up for what happened in 2016. After losing the state’s Democratic primary to Bernie Sanders, Clinton did not visit Wisconsin again before losing the state to Trump in the 2016 presidential election. In fact, Wisconsin’s surprising win for Republicans is what many consider to be a vital turning point to Trump’s win in the Electoral College.

After visiting Madison a few weeks ago, Democratic presidential candidate Beto O’Rourke called out Clinton on her misstep in 2016.

“The only way to win is to show up ... When we don’t show up, we get what we deserve, and that is to lose,” O’Rourke said.“[Wisconsin] is fundamental to any prospect we have of electing a Democrat to the presidency in 2020 and being ready to start on day one in 2021.”

There could be a parallel between holding a Democratic National Convention in a state, and influencing the state’s citizens to go out and vote for that party. Between early visits from candidates like O’Rourke and choosing

Milwaukee to host the DNC, it seems the Democratic party is doing all it can to earn Wisconsin’s votes in 2020.

“The only way to win is to show up ... When we don’t show up, we get what we deserve, and that is to lose.”

Beto O’Rourke But critics are rightfully concerned about a few things in Milwaukee — a major one being that it is often considered the most segregated city in America. This is decided by the dissimilarity index, which measures how segregated neighborhoods are. Especially since almost twothirds of Black Americans identify as Democrats,

it will be interesting to see how — if at all — the Democratic National Convention addresses this.

Another concern among critics is Milwaukee’s lack of hotels and the potential inability of the city to accommodate the influx of people the convention will bring. It has been over 100 years since the Democratic party held a national convention in a Midwestern city besides Chicago. By coming to what many consider to be the “heart” of the country, though, the Democratic party is arguably showing its love for the Midwest as a whole.

Holding the DNC in Milwaukee will likely increase voter turnout for the upcoming 2020 election among Democrats in Wisconsin, but perhaps not in all parts of the state. After all, while Milwaukee and Madison are generally very liberal cities, the rest of the state is known for its small towns and local farmers, many of whom are Republican.

For now, we can only predict what the 2020 election will bring. One thing is clear though: the Democrats do not intend on losing Wisconsin again.

Courtney Degen (cdegen@wisc.edu) is a sophomore majoring in political science and journalism.

OPINION

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In sexual assault reporting, perfect cannot be the enemy of good Rejection of Callisto software on the basis of imperfection jeopardizes students, ignores the software’s many benefits

by Julia Brunson Columnist

In the dramatic and tumultuous stories of Greek Mythology, Callisto was one of the many conquests of Zeus — she was a young nymph who caught the God’s eye, inevitably, as he strayed from his jealous wife Hera.

Manipulated by Zeus, she became pregnant and was cast into the stars as a bear, forever imprisoned in the night sky.

The irony of naming a sexual assault reporting software after one of the most famous victims of Zeus should not be lost on us. Callisto, a revolutionary campus software, allows survivors of sexual assault to identify their assailants, timestamp the incident, and — if they are comfortable — send the information to administration officials to begin a report.

Zeus was, in the best possible light, a figure of repeat offenses and violence. He lied, manipulated, seduced and trapped women throughout the mythos. So it is no accident that one of Callisto’s most distinctive tools is its ability to track repeat campus offenders reported through the software.

According to Callisto, an estimated 90 percent of sexual assaults are committed by repeat offenders on campus and more than 85 percent of survivors already know their assailant. If names entered in the system match other reports, information will be sent to the Title IX office.

In addition to this function, Callisto allows survivors to create encrypted records immediately after the assault, preserving details and time stamps that are not shared externally without their consent. If students wish to pursue an investigation, the software provides access to campus-specific resources and reporting options.

Why spend so much time listing out

these benefits? Because in October of last year, the University of Wisconsin rejected this software for campus use, and because despite campus efforts, UW does not currently possess a streamlined process like Callisto for reporting sexual assault.

Most worryingly, there appears to be little effort on behalf of the university to find an alternative.

Last Tuesday, the Student Title IX Advisory Committee at UW issued a press release detailing UW’s rejection of the software. Administration’s criticisms were as follows: 1. Callisto focuses on reporting sexual assault, as opposed to other kinds of sexual misconduct (such as dating violence or stalking) 2.

Callisto is tailored toward undergraduate students 3. Callisto is limited if the student “cannot find the perpetrator ’s Facebook for matching” The Student Title IX Advisory Committee refuted their rationale point by point, noting that not only could Callisto be used by all kinds of students to report many kinds of sexual misconduct — it was currently being used in such a manner by other campuses. Additionally, they noted Callisto offers several ways to identify perpetrators through social media, phone numbers, email addresses or any other details a student might remember.

There are several valid criticisms of implementing the software germane to this conversation. First, the Callisto proposal is privately funded by an alumna for a full three years on campus. Second, the availability of information regarding a survivor ’s rights and resources might not be explicitly available within the software.

But UW’s doubts regarding Callisto pale in comparison to reality. Currently, campus has neither a streamlined reporting

Photo · 24% of trans and gender Photo · Less than 10% of college Photo · 90% of college assaults are non-conforming students, 20% of survivors report their assault to the perpetrated by repeat offenders. women and 7% of men experience school or police. sexual assault during college.

service of its own, nor a centralized way to access resources about that process, should they want to report. As the committee notes in their press release, the only online reporting form currently available is the Clery Act form, hidden under several different pages and subsections on either the Dean of Students page or the University of Wisconsin Police Department website.

“If Callisto is not the right fit for our campus ... then what is? Where are alternative proposals or plans for streamlining current reporting processes on campus?”

On campuses where Callisto is available, survivors were three times more likely to seek out campus resources such as medical or emotional support services. Further, those who used the website were six times more likely to report their assaults than those who did not use Callisto.

The trauma-informed, survivor-based structure has also had a notable impact on the overall reporting timeline. Nationally, students tend to report assaults about eleven months after the assault, while Callisto users average four.

The rejection of this proposal is, ultimately, a rejection of an imperfect “good.” Callisto offers resources that are not currently available, at little to no cost, in a way that has been statistically proven to improve and clarify the reporting process for survivors. It puts the rights and health of survivors at the center of the investigation while seeking to improve how campuses view and respond to repeat incidents of sexual assault.

In what world is even a half-successful attempt at this goal not somehow worth it?

Nobody will argue that Callisto is perfect —

Photo · All data from Callisto’s 2017-2018 Academic Year Report.

Cait Gibbons The Badger Herald every structure involved in sexual assault reporting inevitably has room to grow. But rejecting a proposal for not having greater flexibility is ironic, considering UW has not chosen to bend much at all.

At the end of the day, the university has the responsibility to propose changes to reporting software. If Callisto is not the right fit for our campus — as noted by a spokesperson for the university — then what is? Where are alternative proposals, or plans for streamlining current reporting processes on campus?

Administration chose to reject the Callisto proposal in October of last year, almost six months ago. But for now it seems perfect will indeed remain both our end-goal, and our enemy.

Julia Brunson (julia.r.brunson@gmail.com) is a senior majoring in history. badgerherald.com • April 2, 2019 • 17

OPINION

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There’s no need for a state-run student loan refinance program Loan refinancing is already offered by private sector, state government is not well-equipped to manage student loans

by Lianna Schwalenberg Columnist

Here’s an issue we can all relate to. If you are reading this article, it’s safe to say you have some student loans. It is also likely you will have these loans for a very long time — anywhere between 10 and 30 years.

Students in Wisconsin have about $24 billion in loan debt, and nationwide, student loan debt hovers around $1.5 trillion in total, making it the second highest consumer debt category behind mortgages.

A student who graduates with a Bachelor ’s degree from UW will typically have $28,000 in debt — which is below the state average of $30,000.

In an attempt to lighten the burden, in the Gov. Tony Ever ’s budget proposal is an authorization to conduct a study on how to create a state-run student loan refinancing authority. This means the state government will pay off existing loans and charge a different, typically lower, interest rate. Many states that have student loan refinancing authorities pay for the programs through municipal bond sales.

Democrats have unsuccessfully attempted similar legislation in 2013, 2015 and 2017. Is there a chance Republicans will suddenly change their minds this time around?

The likelihood of that is somewhere in fairy-land. Democrats argue that “$24 billion stand[s] between thousands of Wisconsinites and their ability to attain the middle class.”

Republicans, on the other hand, argue the best way to keep debt low is to keep costs low, and the state has already done so with the tuition freeze. They also argue that private financial institutions are better equipped to refinance loans than the state government.

Ultimately, both sides are interested in helping student loan-holders, but they differ on at which point to intervene — treating the negative effects directly or preventing the costs from rising and by proxy, the original need for taking out loans.

Refinancing is often a very good option for loan borrowers. For example, to pay off a $28,000 private student loan with an 8 percent annual interest rate over 10 years, you need to make monthly payments of about $340. Refinancing that loan at the same term length but at a 5% interest rate will bring the monthly payments down to 16 • April 2, 2019 • badgerherald.com

Photo · A state-run student loan refinance program won’t be as effective as current practices.

Kirby Wright The Badger Herald $297, a savings of $43 per month — enough to put a dent in some of those utility bills.

Wisconsin is a challenging state in which to create a refinancing authority because it has no agency processing student loans.

The federal government and private banks do all of that.

A potential benefit of a refinancing authority is the net-zero effect it would have on the state’s budget if financed properly. Owning and managing loans are ultimately how banks stay afloat. But again, it is not certain the state will be able to turn debt into profit quite as efficiently as the banks — insert rant here about how government is very good at plunging into debt.

Here’s the problem: student debt is not always a safe bill to foot. Students often don’t need skin in the game to borrow.

Loaners bank on the fact that the student’s

future earnings will pay off the amount borrowed plus interest. That’s why banks will require loan holders to have a good credit score and make a certain amount of annual income in order to refinance.

If you want to break even servicing a loan at a low interest rate, you have to take out a loan yourself and/or heavily scrutinize your borrowers. To compete with other loan servicers’ interest rates is another complication. Already, the federal loans are doled out with ridiculously low interest rates — mine is a little over 4 percent.

On the flip side, Republicans and many others might say that if you are struggling so much to make monthly payments on your loans, then you took on a bigger expense than what you realistically could afford.

College should be cheaper. The response

is that cheaper tuition will not fix the problem for those who are out of college, repaying their loans now and struggling to make ends meet. A refinancing option is what these people need to get by.

The strongest response Wisconsin can give to these arguments is that these options do exist, and it might not be in the best interest of student loan borrowers to trust the government to refinance their loans properly. If and when the government buys student loans, they will actively partake in a risk they may not know how to successfully manage. It is something loan servicers and banks are just much more equipped to handle.

Lianna Schwalenberg (lschwalenber@ uwalumni.com) is a recent graduate with degrees in communication arts and philosophy.

OPINION

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Evers works for bipartisan support, but receives bipartisan criticism Governors’ latest budget proposal draws criticism from both sides of the aisle but deserves more credit, given extent of opposition

by Mitch Rogers Columnist

Gov. Tony Evers has received some criticism from both sides of the aisle regarding his most recent budget proposal. Republican lawmakers referred to his proposal as a “liberal wish list,” the Wisconsin State Journal reported. Despite this claim, Gov. Evers has made an effort to work across the aisle by reappointing 67 of the 82 appointees Scott Walker confirmed during his lame-duck session last December.

Despite the budget being dubbed a “liberal wish-list,” some of the key proposals Gov. Evers campaigned on were missing. Notably, the proposal lacked “substantial steps to reduce the state’s growing prison population and a full repeal of the 2011 law known as Act 10 that reduced the power of the public-sector labor unions.”

As with nearly every political issue in modern times, people are incredibly quick to form an opinion based on a headline. The mindset that reading the actual proposals takes too much time is commonplace.

During his campaign, Gov. Evers proposed eliminating Act 10 through a series of steps — not all

at once. Consistent with that message, “His budget rolls back the private sector ‘right to work’ law Democrats have criticized as being anti-union and reinstates prevailing wage laws for private-sector workers on state projects.”

While that doesn’t specifically roll back the public employee provisions of Act 10, he has to start somewhere.

This is where some employee unions took issue.

Paul Spink, president of the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees Council 32, said he found difficulty supporting a budget that “does nothing to address unfair compensation for state employees, and continues to embrace Walkerera policies which silence the collective voice of all public-sector workers.”

As far as other messages from Gov. Evers’ campaign trail are concerned, while there wasn’t anything that directly addressed reducing the prison population, there are steps Gov. Evers took that would inherently reduce this problem — most notably, decriminalizing marijuana.

Having a prison sentence on your record makes makes finding a job unfathomably more difficult upon release, so decriminalization of marijuana could expand many Wisconsinites’ job prospects.

Additionally, the taxes from selling marijuana

could prove quite beneficial for the state. Gov. Evers’ proposal also includes “reclassifying 17-year-olds as juveniles in criminal proceedings and providing more funding for drug treatment and job training.”

By themselves, these two policy proposals won’t sever the prison population in half, but again, it’s a start.

The Governor’s spokesperson, Melissa Balduff, noted that Gov. Evers is only two months into his four-year term, and he will have ample time to carry out his promises. I think she hit it exactly on the head — after all, Rome wasn’t built in a day.

Sitting behind a computer screen or feeling disheartened about a headline isn’t going to make policy magically come to fruition. Holding onto the idea that everything promised on the campaign trail will happen instantly once a candidate takes office will always leave citizens disappointed with the reality of the matter.

Gov. Evers is dealing with a Republican majority in the state Legislature, and all citizens must know that it is simply unrealistic to hope for everything to happen in one swift action. It would be nice. But, politically speaking, people need to understand and respect how complex our state government is and how laws are truly made.

All things considered, it appears Wisconsin’s 46th

governor is getting his feet up under him. He has lofty ambitions, and given the great deal of political opposition Gov. Evers is facing, change will take time.

If our state democracy is to thrive and enrich the lives of all Wisconsinites, voters from both sides of the aisle would be best served giving the man a chance. If you are severely opposed to him, he has shown willingness to work across the aisle.

Objectively speaking, we should all recognize that last December’s lame-duck session was abhorrent.

Nonetheless, he re-appointed the majority of Walker’s selections.

On the flip side, if you support Gov. Evers and are disappointed with his first budget, recognize that he’s barely begun his tenure. A real “wish list” would be the idea that every single thing he advocated for during his campaign will come true with a simple wave of the wand. Politics is a constant debate of give and take, and of compromise between opposing viewpoints. Hopefully, the governor will have success working with members from both sides of the aisle to enrich the lives of all citizens.

Mitch Rogers (mrogers9@wisc.edu) is a senior majoring in economics.

Nondisclosure agreements do not belong in Wisconsin’s DOJ Attorney General Josh Kaul ended the harmful, chilling practice last month which silenced First Amendment rights

by Julia Brunson Columnist

The 2018 midterm elections brought several changes to Wisconsin government — new Democrats in office, lame duck legislation — the list goes on. With the change in attorney general came a change in the Department of Justice’s procedure that will usher in a new era of government transparency.

In late March 2019, Attorney General Josh Kaul ended the practice requiring all DOJ employees to sign nondisclosure agreements.

Former Attorney General Brad Schimel instated this practice during his campaign against Kaul.

In August 2018, DOJ employees received an email instructing them to sign a nondisclosure agreement. The agreement applied to full-time employees, limited term employees, contractors, interns, externs and law enforcement partners and prohibited employees from revealing any confidential information about their work during their time in office and after they leave the state.

This email was sent on the same day former Corrections Secretary Ed Wall released his book, “Unethical: Life in Scott Walker’s Cabinet

and the Dirty Side of Politics,” a tell-all critical of Schimel’s response to abuse allegations at Lincoln Hills School for Boys. Wall was a top criminal investigator for the department until he was fired in 2016 for telling an aide of former Gov. Walker to destroy a document.

Wall said the incident was misinterpreted.

Whether or not Wall is the best judge on government transparency notwithstanding, the timing of this development paints Schimel’s DOJ in a poor light.

The entire issue is oddly similar to that of former White House staffer Omarosa Manigault-Newman, whose tell-all book criticizing President Donald Trump’s administration allegedly violated a nondisclosure agreement she signed with the Trump campaign.

Let’s be clear — nondisclosure agreements are effective and appropriate in certain contexts. Maybe a celebrity wants to keep elements of her personal life private. Maybe the head of a startup company wants to protect her ideas from being stolen. These are private contracts, so though it seems suspect, secrecy is not a completely unreasonable request. The problem occurs when the secrets are a matter of public concern.

The actions of a government agency should be at the height of public concern. They are funded by public tax dollars — there should be full transparency, minus any confidential information.

The DOJ defended the practice by reiterating that their employees regularly come in contact with sensitive and confidential material. But there are multiple statutes that prohibit DOJ employees from releasing such information, which renders the purpose of a nondisclosure agreement moot.

Though government agencies have a legitimate interest in regulating the speech of their employees, there is judicial precedent that overrides this interest. In 1968, the Supreme Court ruled in Pickering v. Board of Education that public employees do not give up their First Amendment rights simply by being a government employee and the interest of government employees to comment on matters of public interest is not necessarily outweighed by the government’s interest in regulating the speech of employees.

Statutory law and the First Amendment both make nondisclosure agreements in government agencies a nonstarter. So why have them?

Silencing whistleblowers, to start.

Simply put, nondisclosure agreements use ambiguous, threatening language to chill and potentially silence speech of public concern.

Wisconsin Democrats have criticized the DOJ’s nondisclosure agreements as “creating a culture of secrecy.” There is no better description.

In a state that is already known for subverting democracy through lame duck legislation and limiting the voice of its voters through partisan gerrymandering, it is no surprise a Republican DOJ would embrace such a practice.

Wisconsin is fortunate Kaul sees reason and understands that the ethical rules and DOJ policies already in place protect confidential information from being shared. Further safeguards are unnecessary and encourage more harm than good. Wisconsin deserves a fully transparent government, and removing nondisclosure agreements from the DOJ is an excellent start.

Abigail Steinberg (asteinberg@badgerherald. com) is a sophomore majoring in political science and journalism. badgerherald.com • April 2, 2019 • 17

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Football Spring Practice: First look at a revamped Badger defense Departure of former key defensive linemen, linebackers leaves Paul Chryst’s staff with plenty of work to do this spring

by Ben Kenney Staff Writer

The date was December 27, but the Badgers’ 34–3 Pinstripe Bowl victory against the University of Miami feels like it was yesterday.

Now, we’re entering April with the offseason in full swing.

Head Coach Paul Chryst’s team began spring practices last week in preparation for the 2019 season. Chryst’s team has many question marks on its roster entering these practices with many former players declaring for the NFL Draft. It is through these practices, though, that answers start to become evident, and the team’s depth chart for the season comes into form.

Kicking off a series of coverage looking at these practices and analyzing where each Badger positional group stands as spring practices come and go, we begin with two groups that are up in the air with the season five months away — the defensive line and linebackers.

Defensive Line One of the Badgers’ greatest pitfalls a year ago was their inability to stop the run and win the battle in the trenches defensively.

After ranking third in the nation in rush defense in 2017, Defensive Coordinator Jim Leonhard’s unit fell to 50th in the nation in 2018, good for fifth in the Big Ten. Now, Leonhard returns with his entire defensive line intact with the exception of nose tackle Olive Sagapolu who graduated and is now testing the NFL waters. This is a positive sign after last year ’s squad started two true freshmen and a converted offensive lineman.

“ [This is] the group that needs to lead this team.”

Paul Chryst UW Football Head Coach

As of the beginning of April, redshirt junior Garrett Rand and junior Isaiahh Loudermilk are set for starting roles at defensive end. Rand missed all of 2018 with a torn achilles he suffered before the season began.

Chryst talked about Rand’s rehab and progress last Monday, discussing how Rand will be limited this spring.

18 • April 2, 2019 • badgerherald.com

“[I] did not know what [Rand’s] pitch count will be,” Chryst said.

Along with Rand and Loudermilk, who is fully healthy now after missing four games last season, Leonhard will keep an eye on how David Pfaff, Aaron Vopal and former walk-on Matt Henningsen progress as a unit this spring.

On the interior of the line, the Badgers will look to improve upon their lack of depth from 2018.

Sophomore Bryson Williams is set to take over Sagapolu’s role as the starting nose tackle. From there, the depth chart has question marks as redshirt senior Gunnar Roberge is the only listed backup to Williams. Leonhard will welcome help for the position in the fall when true freshmen Keeanu Benton, Rodas Johnson and Gio Paez come to Madison.

Chryst noted the importance of the defensive line and their development as spring football continues.

“That’s the group that needs to lead this team,” Chryst said.

Linebackers Wisconsin football is often recognized for its stellar play at linebacker over the years. Since 2009, seven Badger linebackers have been drafted in the NFL, with two or three names likely to join the list this year. Notable alums who’ve spent time on NFL rosters include DeAndre Levy, Chris Borland and T.J. Watt.

The position is pivotal to Leonhard’s 3-4 defensive scheme. After losing three of the team’s four leading tacklers to the draft in T.J. Edwards, Andrew Van Ginkel and Ryan Connelly, Leonhard will need to revamp the position in order to anchor his defense.

Badger fans hope this new linebacking unit will record more than the 14 sacks and seven turnovers it posted a year ago.

The projected starters at inside linebacker entering spring ball are redshirt senior Chris Orr and sophomore Jack Sanborn.

Orr played in all 13 games last season and recorded 27 tackles, two fumble recoveries and one interception. Sanborn, the Badgers’ top recruit in 2018, played in 11 games as a true freshman and recorded seven tackles and one forced fumble.

Sanborn is seen as a breakout candidate for the defense after receiving a considerable amount of playing time as a true freshman, playing well in the time he saw on the field.

The unit’s depth will most likely be filled by ex-safety Seth Currens, Mike Maskalunas and early-enrollee Leo Chenal.

On the other hand, the finalized lineup of outside linebackers is more uncertain entering the spring than the inside unit.

After saying goodbye to position coach Tim Tibesar, linebackers Leon Jacobs and Garret Dooley a year ago and the team’s top pass rusher Van Ginkel this year, the development of the team’s new outside linebackers will have to occur quickly if the team wants to improve on their low sack and turnover totals from 2018.

“ The [linebacker] position is

pivotal to Leonhard’s 3-4 defensive scheme. After losing four leading tacklers ... Leonhard will need to revamp the position to anchor his defense.”

Seniors Tyler Johnson and Zack Baun are set at the moment to be the starters at the position. Johnson battled injuries a year ago, though he did record ten tackles and three tackles for loss in his 10 appearances.

Baun played in 13 games last season, was the team’s third-leading tackler with 63 tackles and recorded 2.5 sacks, 7.5 tackles for loss and one interception. Baun is the true breakout candidate to watch at outside linebacker as the season approaches.

The depth at the position is rounded out by juniors Noah Burks and Christian Bell, sophomore Izayah Green-May, redshirt freshman Jaylan Franklin, ex-inside linebacker Griffin Grady and true freshman Spencer Lytle.

With many new contributors, Chryst and Leonhard have a lot to work with as the 2019 season approaches with both the defensive line and linebacking units look to improve upon a 2018 season sub-par by Wisconsin standards.

Photo · After a productive junior season in which he was the team’s third-leading tackler, Zack Baun could be a breakout candidate for the Wisconsin linebacking corps — one that it surely needs.

Daniel Yun The Badger Herald

SPORTS

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Women’s hockey: A look back at Wisconsin’s incredible season Team’s commitment to improvement, senior leadership set this season apart from near-title seasons in years past

by John Spengler Sports Associate Editor

The University of Wisconsin women’s hockey team is no stranger to success in the world of Division I Women’s Collegiate Ice Hockey. This year ’s national title is yet another addition to the long list of accolades the team has garnered under the stewardship of head coach and UW legend Mark Johnson.

Yet the Badgers were remarkably unsuccessful in closing out their promising regular seasons in recent years.

In the seven seasons following their 2011 National Championship, the Badgers won the WCHA three times, reached the NCAA tournament six times and the NCAA Frozen Four Final twice. The Badgers were defeated in these title games by Clarkson and Minnesota in years past — the two teams they defeated in the semifinals and finals, respectively — on their way to capture the National Championship this season.

So the question remains — what was different this time around? Why were the Badgers able to close out this season with an NCAA title after so many similar seasons?

In the early stages of the regular season, the Badgers played at a lower level than what they would ultimately amount to. In their first regular game of the season, they barely escaped their matchup against the Lindenwood Lions. They faced similarly tough tests against Mercyhurst, MinnesotaDuluth and Princeton, all teams that they cruised past in their late-season matchups.

The Badgers did not start the season out

“ ... the Badgers found some-

thing that allowed them to once again break through to the top of collegiate women’s hockey.”

perfectly by any means, but their tough schedule and early challenges allowed them to grow into their game and identity and continue to improve throughout the season.

As the games went on, the Badgers began to play better team hockey.

Teams like Ohio State and Minnesota provided strong challenges to the Badgers given their similar levels of talent. But 20 • April 2, 2019 • badgerherald.com

the proof of improvement throughout the year came in the Badgers’ scoring margins against teams that they faced in multiple series.

In their third series of the year, the Badgers swept Minnesota-Duluth over two games in October by a total goal margin of 7–3. In February, they swept them by a margin of 9–1. In January, they swept the St. Cloud State series 8–1, while their second sweep of the Huskies in March saw the Badgers outscore them 13-0.

In fact, the only team that the Badgers beat by a greater margin in the first of their series was Bemidji State.

Seasonal improvement was the name of the game for the Badgers, and it was what allowed them to go on such a tear throughout the entirety of postseason play.

In their last five games of the year, the Badgers allowed just three total goals while scoring 17. This comparison is astounding in its own right, but it is especially impressive considering the competition that the Badgers needed to defeat en route to their fifth NCAA title.

With a win over No. 9 Ohio State, two wins over No. 2 Minnesota and another win against No. 3 Clarkson, Wisconsin defeated two teams that had haunted them in the regular season and took down a highlyranked, non-conference opponent. Not only did Wisconsin take these teams down, but they dominated them.

Whether it was sticking to their practice routine, improving the skills of new players or leaning on their senior leadership in moments of paramount importance, the Badgers found something that allowed them to once again break through to the top of collegiate women’s hockey.

The team as a whole developed throughout the season to be able to consistently overcome the opponents that had given them their greatest challenges throughout the regular season. But the contributions of the Badgers’ star individuals cannot be dismissed.

It would be a crime to not mention the role that team captain Annie Pankowski undoubtedly played in the Badgers’ victories down the stretch.

The team’s leader in points, Pankowski lead an offensive charge that propelled the Badgers into the finals.

In a most fitting manner, Pankowski scored the final goal of the season for the Badgers, providing them a 2–0 lead

“ To leave this amazing program with a National Championship is something that I’ll cherish forever.”

Annie Pankowski Women’s hockey captain

that they would hold on to until the buzzer sounded in the National Championship Game.

Pankowski has given everything to the program that she had to offer. Without a national championship title, her career at Wisconsin simply would not have been the same.

“To leave this amazing program with a National Championship is something that I’ll cherish forever,” Pankowski said in an interview with Wisconsin Athletics’ Andy Baggot.

The senior certainly deserves all the attention she has received, both for her impressive offensive output as well as her vital leadership role on the team. But perhaps the unsung hero of this year ’s Badger team was junior goalie Kristen Campbell.

Campbell managed to capture the

WCHA Goaltender of the year award and maintained an astounding .940 save percentage throughout the season. Most importantly, she performed when it mattered most down the stretch.

Campbell has a tendency to perform well in big games, but last year ’s Frozen Four loss to Clarkson was an unusual blemish that knocked the Badgers out of title contention. Allowing four goals in a single game, Campbell looked to this year ’s tournament as a shot at redemption — and redeem herself she did.

Even as the Badgers faced some of their toughest opponents of the season, Campbell managed to keep a clean sheet throughout the entirety of the NCAA tournament — three games in total.

This outstanding performance freed up the Wisconsin offense to do its thing and carry the team to an 11–0 scoring margin over its final three games. Without Campbell in net, the offensive production of the Badgers may not have been enough to break their eight-year championship drought.

Through continued improvement throughout the season compared to their top rivals, distinct senior leadership and a once in a lifetime performance from Campbell, the Wisconsin women’s hockey team was able to bring home the NCAA Championship trophy to Madison — where it belongs.

SPORTS

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Men’s hockey: Wisconsin’s 2019-20 freshmen class is its best in years

Badgers welcome 13 incoming freshmen, including four players projected to be drafted in June’s 2019 NHL Entry Draft

by Jake Gross Staff Writer

The University of Wisconsin men’s hockey team recently landed a surplus of talent in their 2019 freshmen class. The incoming group includes a mix of forwards and defensemen covering a variety of skill sets at different levels of talent that will play a large part in Wisconsin’s upcoming season. Let’s take a closer look at the incoming class, starting with the offense.

Alex Turcotte – Center Alex Turcotte sits atop Wisconsin’s freshmen class and is currently a projected top-10 pick for the NHL draft by a majority of NHL scouts. He is ranked fifth among North American skaters by NHL Central Scouting.

A native of Island Lake, Illinois, Turcotte is a fantastic playmaker thanks to his exceptional vision on the ice.

He plays all 200 feet and is a complete player both offensively and defensively. His skating ability is among the best in the upcoming draft class, as both his quickness and hockey IQ allow him to be a consistent factor in all game scenarios.

Turcotte is an elite talent and has the potential to be a top-two center in this draft class.

Turcotte can fit in easily as a first line center next season and will immediately be a force in the Big Ten that opposing teams will need to account for.

He should provide the Badgers with star power and offensive opportunity in both five-on-five and power play situations — areas where the Badgers lacked this season.

Cole Caufield – Wing Not far behind Turcotte in terms of talent comes Wisconsin native Cole Caufield, a projected top-25 pick in the draft and ranked 15th by NHL Central Scouting among North American skaters.

Caufield already has experience playing with Turcotte, as they both played in the USA Hockey National Team Development Program and are convincingly the most talented forwards in this freshmen class.

Despite his small frame — listed at 5 feet, 7 inches and 157 pounds — Caufield can be an effective player for the Badgers and should see a significant chunk of playing time next season. He is one of the best shooters among the forwards in this draft class, as his finishing and goal-scoring abilities are second to none. Like Turcotte, he is a smart player with sharp decision-making abilities.

Plus, it shouldn’t be hard for Caufield to adjust to campus since he grew up less than two hours from Madison.

Ryder Donovan – Center Ryder Donovan is currently projected to be

drafted near the end of the third round or early fourth round in the draft and is ranked 46th by NHL Central Scouting among North American Skaters.

He is currently a senior at Duluth East High School in Minnesota and is teammates with fellow recruit defenseman Luke LaMaster.

Donovan can be a top-six forward for the Badgers, and playing with more experienced players should help him raise his game thanks to his talent and frame — Donovan is listed at 6 feet, 4 inches and 190 pounds. He can provide support down the middle of the ice that can open up offensive opportunities for his future line-mates.

Owen Lindmark – Center Owen Lindmark played alongside Turcotte and Caufield for team USA and is ranked 65th by NHL Central Scouting among North American Skaters. He is also a projected sixthround pick by NHL scouts in this year’s draft.

He is an intelligent and reliable two-way center who is also a very strong skater. He flashes signs of great hands and finishing ability and will add to Wisconsin’s already deep group of centers. Lindmark will also see the ice a lot next season and could be a top-six forward for the Badgers.

With Donovan and Lindmark added to an already improved top-six, Wisconsin now has outstanding offensive potential and the talent necessary to compete with and shut down other teams’ best players —not to mention that they are deep throughout the rest of their roster too.

Dylan Holloway – Center/Wing Dylan Holloway is coming to Wisconsin from his native Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Holloway is relatively young compared to his fellow recruits, as he is not eligible to be drafted until the 2020 NHL Draft. Nonetheless, he is still a great prospect and one that brings speed to the squad. Despite his age, his size and ability to get around defensemen will allow him to be a dynamic offensive player for Wisconsin. He is also a crisp passer with great vision.

He is projected to be a top-15 pick in the 2020 NHL Draft by NHL scouts. Holloway has the potential to be a top-six forward for the Badgers next season, but it will be interesting to see where Coach Granato puts the speedy youngster in the lineup.

Other forward recruits include Mathieu De St. Phalle, Josh Bohlin, Ben Helgeson, Ben Almquist and Sam Stevens.

The Badgers’ defensive core will be improved next season as well, as they have three incoming defensemen that can each play a role in the Badgers’ 2019-2020 season run.

Photo - Following a down year in Wisconsin men’s hockey, Head Coach Tony Granato will welcome in a crop of elite talent — including the brother of current UW forward Brock Caufield — with hopes of reclaiming the team’s place atop the Big Ten. Daniel Yun The Badger Herald Mike Vorlicky – Defenseman Mike Vorlicky isn’t the largest defenseman, as he is listed at 6 feet, 1 inch and 161 pounds. But, the Minnesota native moves the puck very well and is a smart player.

Vorlicky provides physicality and will be a solid defender for the Badgers, adding to their defensive depth with K’Andre Miller and newly named captain Wyatt Kalynuk.

Patrick Keegan – Defenseman Patrick Keegan, listed at 6 feet, 3 inches and 231 pounds, can improve the Badgers in terms of size. Keegan plays a large presence on the ice both physically and in the game as a whole. The left-handed defenseman is strong, has a hard shot and will be an intimidating defenseman to go up against in the Big Ten next season.

Luke LaMaster – Defenseman Luke LaMaster is currently a senior at Duluth East High School and is teammates with

Donovan.

LaMaster can add to the Badgers’ defensive depth as a positive locker room presence and another right-handed defenseman. At 6 feet 2 inches and 174 pounds, LaMaster is a mobile defenseman who moves the puck well.

With six seniors departing from the program, there will be six new roster spots for the 2019-2020 season. Head Coach Tony Granato and his staff have an exciting incoming crop of talent that will lead to much-needed flexibility in terms of line combinations and game plans.

With the draft approaching in less than three months, it will be an exciting journey for Badger fans to see where their future stars will be selected in this year’s loaded draft class.

The 2019 NHL Entry Draft will be held on June 21 and 22 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada at the Rogers Arena.

The city of Madison should embrace this offseason and prepare for this talented group to take storm because they’re coming, and they’re coming in hot.

April 2, 2019 • badgerherald.com • 21

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