Chapter 2, Loyalty and Risks by Peter Bahnsen by Peter Bahnsen

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LOYALTY AND RISKS in DEFINING REBELLION

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Chapter II. LOYALTY AND RISKS in DEFINING REBELLION Draft of January 18, 2013

Rebellion involves risks and the breaking of previous loyalties Rebellion is ---------------------------------------------------------------------Page II-2 Part 2-A Loyalty and Causes------------------------------------------------------------Page II-6 Part 2-B Prioritization--------------------------------------------------------------------Page II-9 Part 2-C Love, Hate, Bondage and Addiction---------------------------------------Page II-13 Part 2-D Motivations--------------------------------------------------------------------Page II-19 Part 2-E Destruction of Loyalties, Morality, and Values---------------------------Page II-22 Part 2-F Risk-----------------------------------------------------------------------------Page II-26 Part 2-G Value and Virtue of Loyalty to Causes------------------------------------Page II-28 Part 2-H

Part 2-A Rebellion What is a rebel? An examination of motivations and types of rebels helps us nail the definition. A review, listing, and scan of types assist us in examining motivations and perhaps our errors in assessing rebels. Fundamentally however one cannot Rebel unless there is a question of “loyalty” and a Rebellion without “risk” is mere narrative or storyline without a plot. The two aspects are complex. Like other parts of this book remember that it is not a novel with a story line but a collection meant to be dipped into from the contents listed at the front of each chapter. Definition Section 2-1 Rebellion is the breaking of a relationship to a person, a group, an activity, a belief or a cause to which we held a significant loyalty. The purpose of rebellion involves establishing a new loyalty either to self, self respect, or entities similar to the previous loyalties. Rebellion is a creative act which starts with questioning established, relationships, acts, and beliefs. Action defines Rebellion Section 2-2 Questions involving Rebellion are not an idle interest of mine but stem from a life of action. While most of this book cites research some of the incidents I recount occurred in the most bureaucratic of organizations as well as in a rather un-constrained personal and business life. One factor is always present in a true rebel. Rebels take action. They are not good at simple endurance of boring, unproductive situations. The downside of this characteristic is that they have similarities to sociopaths in that they are frequently impulsive and impatient with delay. Rebellion and Negative People Section 2-3 Beautiful souls touch us everywhere but also prevalent are the cruel, ill-educated, ill-mannered, insensitive, and mentally incompetents afflicting our lives. Working in the public sector one finds, even more prevalent than the previously noted, are those who abuse the public trust. How we develop and gain the knowledge to respond to these people and the negative reactions or actions they induce determines both our happiness and our success in life. For the fully alive, self-actuated person, individual Rebellion against the affliction of negative people and the conditions they generate is a necessary aspect of life. Periodically these negative individuals, and the situations they create, sear

each of us. In truth, every human must, at some stage and in some aspects, be a Rebel or never grow into an adult. Rebellion is frequently personal combat. Life is Difficult Section 2-4 There are many reasons for rebellion and more reasons are covered later but aside from the difficulties created by actions of others, life is inherently difficult. The first of “Four noble truths” taught by Buddha was that “Life is suffering”. M. Scott Peck follows untold numbers of spiritual and psychological advisers in asserting that: “This is a great truth, one of the greatest truths. It is a great truth because once we truly see this truth, we transcend it. Once we truly know that life is difficult --once we truly understand and accept it -- then life is no longer difficult. Because once it is accepted, the fact that life is difficult no longer matters.” In transcending and accepting we are enabled to think of the difficulties of life as the lot of everyone and place ourselves in the group which changes and improves instead of seeing ourselves as victims of ill luck or malevolence –we can see ourselves as rebels against the difficulties of life; not pawns but actors. We can Rebel against the actions and results of actions of others as we persevere against the difficulties of life. Though we may suffer from the natural disasters of the Biblical Job, putting one foot in front of the other and moving ahead with a positive plan, attitude, and approach is the way of the Rebel against injustice. Perhaps we must “settle” and accept some share of the “difficulties of life” but if we “settle” for all injustices then that becomes our way and life becomes a living hell. Rebellion Is a Distasteful Word but a Natural Act Section 2-5 In terms of analysis the word Rebellion suffers from unhelpful disrepute in America. It smacks of disloyalty and angry young people who spit in the face of the lawabiding citizens. The pejorative adjectives and synonyms for the words Rebellion and Rebel are endless1. Conversely, when we approve of the actions that would otherwise be considered Rebellion we attach totally different positive terms like activist, reformers, and other constructive terms.2 The tendency of some people to attach negative 1

Negative associated words for Rebel and Rebellion. Activist Agitator, firebrand, revolutionary, rabble rouser, radical. reformer, propagandist, disruptive element, zealot partisan, insurrectionist, dissident, insurgent, anarchist, mutineer, subversive, perfidious, malcontent, traitor, unruly 2

Positive words used instead of Rebellion and Rebel Liberation, freedom, deliverance, redemption, salvation, rescue, initiative Activist, reformer, initiator, creator, inventor, originator, prime mover, mastermind, doer, drive, energy, enthusiasm

connotations to the word Rebel and Rebellion while others use positive terms for Rebellion induces serious drawbacks to understanding personal Rebellion in America. Actually Rebellion in the U.S. is more traditional than apple pie and the results of many individual Rebellions are essential for creative progress and righting the unjust and destructive. Since Rebellion is a common action by many of us the analysis of Rebellion and improvement of our techniques in Rebellion concerns every human. If we must Rebel, and at various points in our lives we are all faced with Rebellion or we fail to grow into a competent adult, then let us learn how to do it more effectively and with less damage to all. The purposes and results of Rebellion can also be evil. One hopes that our human history, of letting national Rebellions against injustice turn into greater tyrannies, can be overcome by more effectual world political means and individuals inspired by a better understanding of rebellion. The label rebel is often mistakenly attached to sociopaths, anti social personalities or psychopaths but this is a serious mislabeling and is discussed in more detail in a later chapter. Rebels have a culturally beneficial cause while the sociopaths disdain for loyalty and empathy for others is the cause of a predator. For children Rebellion can be growth or very self-destructive. Understanding the Art of Rebellion is essential for caring parents, for the fight against evil, as well as for those who wish to evolve into competent adults. The principles of leadership, management and follower ship are necessary in Rebellion but Rebellion has some characteristics and principles that are either unique or have different emphasis from traditional leadership canons. Understanding and using the distinctions in emphasis is The Art of Rebellion. Violence and killing frequently become part of Rebellion, particularly against tyrants who hold total control of the political apparatus of the state. Violence may be the only road to change but violence in a nation state, which has an open political process susceptible to change, is, in most cases, counter-productive. In any event violence is not an essential element of the more broad consideration of individual or group Rebellion considered in this work. Reality in Examining Rebellion Tactics Section 2-6 In dealing with questions of Rebellion in humanity it is best to try to stick, as best one can, to reality for as Machiavelli wrote in 1513. "I deem it best to stick to the practical truth of things rather than fancies. Many men have imagined republics and principalities that never really existed at all. Yet the way men live is so far removed from the way they ought to live that anyone who

abandons what is for what should be pursues his downfall rather than his preservation; for a man who strives for goodness in all his acts is sure to come to ruin, since there are so many men who are not good." Machiavelli's name has become synonymous with evil dealing, the truth about Machiavelli is the he is oriented on success at any cost. A cynical realist, if one looks at the body of his writing, he counseled an amoral viewpoint in pursuit of success and many are the management theorists who endorse his principles. In any event, our U.S. Congress has been filled with people who use to the fullest the principles described by Machiavelli. One must be very familiar with his work if one is to understand the base for much but not all political action. Despite the disregard for conventional ethical standards used by many in Congress, the republic has not only survived but prospered. The question which historians have asked however is where does amorality so corrupt the political process that the system starts to fail. It is not necessary to approve these tactics and strategies but it is the intent of this book that one should understand them, if only to assist in preventing the most egregious excesses of our political system. Rebellion Can Be Directed Up, Or Down Section 2-7 Think bosses don’t rebel? Interesting are John Locke’s view in his Essays on Civil Government wherein he described what he thought to be undue, capricious, and arbitrary, use of the royal prerogative. He described the king as a rebel, not the people compelled to resist his encroachment on their civil liberty. As he used the term, rebellion meant a return to war, or use of force, against a government engaged in rebellion against its own people. The existence of violent conflict however is not essential to a rebellion for there are other tactics are just as effective in rendering opposition inutile. We seldom call turn-around artists in business “Rebels” however considering the leadership tactics required to convert an ineffective business culture into a more effective operating entity a “rebellion” against members of the former culture is required. Loyalties to ineffective members of the previous culture must be discarded and these individuals must be fired. The severing of loyalty as discussed in the following sections is a key element in a turn-around rebellion from the top.

Part 2-B Causes and Loyalty Loyalty Is? Section 2-8 Observation shows us that Loyalty is a difficult yet important word and concept in understanding of rebellion. We speak of loyalty to friends, to spouses, to pets, to parties, to family, to tribes, to teams, to conceptual interpretations, to the deceased, and even to imaginary beings and hundreds of other things, causes, and ideas. Loyalty is a difficult term because the varied objects of loyalty demand different kinds and interpretations of faithfulness. Despite this difficulty many of us assert or assume that we can define loyalty with precision. It is therefore important to think about our definitions and how the term fits into a discussion about the arts of rebellion. To whom do we owe loyalty and under what circumstances should or must loyalty be broken or abandoned. More difficult still in discussing rebellion: should the term loyalty be expanded to our affinity, or even slavish devotion to things, animals, drugs, and habits? In this book these attachments are also considered as an unusual type of loyalty for the simple reason that they substitute and sometimes replace the loyalty to people and organizations and thus impact our consideration and evaluation of the individuals who have these attachments. The following sections are a preliminary definition of loyalty. We say temporary because a deeper investigation of rebellion may well uncover more lacunas in our understanding. Loyalty is a frequently used word but rarely studied or covered in depth. Following are characteristics of loyalty and extrapolations on the things to which we attach our loyalties. “Risks” are inherent in rebellion for without risk there is no significance to rebellion therefore “Risks” considerations are also included. Loyalty to Causes Section 2-9 The books on loyalty are as limited as those on the arts of rebellion; Josiah Royce’s book, Philosophy of Loyalty i, is important primarily for its rarity and because of his standing as a noted philosopher of idealism. 3 Loyalty can be the single-minded dedication or a person to a cause or devotion to a person-- despite inherent evil in that person or cause, evil that may be apparent to all others. Loyalty can also be the awe-inspiring heroism of a person in service to a cause or person, which endangers life, livelihood, family, and reputation. When loyalty is regarded as simple affection or inclination it becomes nothing more than a pale imitation of a duty with little significance in terms of rebellion. 3

Royce stands almost alone in a detailed examination of loyalty yet loyalty is the cement which holds our relationships together. Many apparently disdain Royce for his philosophical idealism but his serious examination of the many arguments an offshoots of loyalty require equally serious consideration.

Love, hate, and addiction appear similar to loyalty and share some of the characteristics but they are only touched lightly herein because the incentives and goals are different from common loyalties. While loyalty can be caused by imposition which dictates a loyalty of self interest, we more frequently think of loyalty as a rational choice. Love and hate are induced by emotion and while the attraction of the cause or person may also have elements of rational decision we do not normally think of love and hate in terms of loyalty. If fact we give loyalties for reasons separate and distinct from the object of love or hate. We sometimes work loyally for a boss we detest and we may have a love object to which we are not at all loyal in the normal sense of the word. Make no mistake however; love, hate, and addiction have a serious effect on loyalty. The analysis of rebellion and the reasons people rebel however requires us to take the wider definition which examines all the reasons individuals cling to a person, cause, object, or idea. We need to distinguish between priorities in their affections, how these priorities change and why. An examination of motivations to loyalty is crucial in understanding rebellion. CAUSES NOBLE AND IGNOBLE Section 2-10 Whether a cause is noble or ignoble is obviously in the eye of the beholder. Despite this some guidelines can be ascertained and differences in terms of the apparent nobility of the causes associated with rebellion are important. Noble Causes Section 2-11 A noble cause is that which is be pursued in the development of excellence. Success, a frequent goal for many, is a false goal for reasons explained below. Excellence means being the best you can be. Excellence rather than success is a far different goal in terms of contribution to society or self improvement. A truly noble cause should be directed "for the benefit of mankind". It is important to remember that our service to others comes down to helping individuals of mankind and the person to person relationship brings you into a reality which makes life meaningful. Chosen well the right cause should bring joy and “flow” to the life of an activist as well. A noble cause should be interesting and excellent performance will make it fun, if not attitude will be reflected therein. The increasing excellence of duty well performed can fit these criteria.

Ignoble Causes -Success Section 2-12 The problem with pursuing a cause of success is that it justifies and permits all actions. There are some situations where success is a supreme value but success is not normally valid as the top priority in loyalty and cause. Even war and ultimate gladiatorial combat have rules which obviate success as the ultimate goal in single battles of a wider conflict. When the cause of success overrides the rules of war and games we risk the almost certain destruction of our conceptual selves and or our society. Certainly there are situations where the remark “failure is not an option” is applicable in considering alternative outcomes but they are rare. Planning for response to failure is essential to learning and the ability to fight again at another time and place.

Part 2-C Prioritization Prioritization of Causes and Loyalty Section 2-13 One crucial role of being an effective rebel is asking the right questions and determining meaningful causes to pursue. The problem of choosing causes is addressed in detail in Chapter 4. The causes we choose can either improve our lives and give our lives meaning or turn our lives into a living hell. Implicit in choosing a good cause instead of choosing a cause which ends with evil results is the rigorous consideration of The Unanticipated Consequences of Purposive Social Action (sometimes called the Law of Unintended Consequences4. U.S. welfare laws of the recent past and our current antidrug laws are excellent examples of good intentions bound into law resulting in pernicious results. Improving these laws is a matter for the action by individual citizens. Observation shows that any committed person can change the world no matter how low the station. This book provides some guidelines to asking the right questions so that we have a better chance of choosing a cause with beneficial results. It is not designed to provide the right answers so stay with us and provide your concept of better answers in feedback on the associated Web site NewSocialContract.com. We are all rebels in crucial parts and times of our lives. Since you must rebel or be a cipher it is useful to think about how to do it with effectiveness and success. Changing Loyalties and Priorities Section 2-14 As people and their causes change loyalties change as well. While we all can better strive to insure that we choose loyalties that are long lived, it is fundamental that causes and people associated with loyalties change over time. Some people are lucky and others extremely smart so that their loyalties infrequently change but for most of us change, of priorities and progression of loyalties is a given. Loyalties in a contract of marriage, for example, depend on both partners either staying essentially the same or growing together. Changes in sexual affiliations for example are a significant reason for changes in personal loyalty in or out of marriage.

Robert K. Merton, Sociologist, wrote one of the earliest detailed papers on what has become known as “The law of unintended consequences”. The Unanticipated Consequences of Purposive Social Action” in the American Sociological Review, Vol. 1 Issue 6, Dec 1936

Loyalties Have Priorities Section 2-15 When conflicts arise in loyalties people often try to compromise so as to continue both loyalties but in many cases hard decisions must be made. Factors, like sexual relations and anger may also over-ride past priorities and cause a temporary shift in the normal hierarchy of loyalties. The absolute priority for a superior human being however is to the loyalty to self concept of what you stand for and who you are. If an individual cannot maintain some reasonable standard of consistency in standards and direction of the self it is difficult if not impossible to maintain loyalty to causes and other people. Individuals who are unable to maintain reasonable self loyalty are not rebels but criminals or misfits. The Loyalty to families and community; The priority of loyalty in functional societies and individuals is normally to the family; first to parents and then with time, to wife and children. As a new marriage stabilizes loyalty to the spouse normally rises. Family loyalty is the base of an orderly society and in societies where there is a general breakdown in family loyalty most other loyalties go out the window as well. Third in order of priority is the community which is the main guarantor of maintaining order in a society. In the U.S. primary security responsibility resides in the nation state with the separate states responsible for local security and order. Loyalty to the nation state does not necessarily imply loyalty to the government unless the nation state is under some emergency situation. It appears that in the U.S. there is a difference between the political left and right in terms of loyalty to government with many conservatives believing that loyalty to the state means being loyal to the administration in power. Change Reasons, Change priorities Section 2-16 When the reasons for loyalties change, or breaks in loyalties occur, priorities must change. As an example, spousal relationships that last until death of one of the pair become less probable each year. Part of the problem from this and other breaks in loyalties is the accommodation of a new perception of the self as an independent and possibly solitary entity, alone and without backup. Loyalties to friends of a breaking-up twosome normally shift as well. If we are lucky or choose well, we will not be forced to make a number of shifts in loyalty over the years for changes in loyalty can be gut wrenching and mentally destabilizing.

Causes, Loyalties and Happiness Section 2-17 The art of happiness is connected to long term loyalties. A widely quoted philosopher on the subject of loyalty, Josiah Royce, his students, and followers over the years have equated our ability to sustain loyalties with the Art of Happiness. Happiness is not something that can be directly grasped. Despite this elusive nature of happiness, finding long term jobs, friends, partners, and causes to which we can feel an abiding loyalty has shown over time to be a key ingredient to happiness. The ability to avoid shifting loyalties because of unanticipated change or development in a cause or person to which we are attached is inherent in the successful practice of the Art of Rebellion. Choosing friends, partners, and causes well and preparing a method for disagreements and possible dissolution are ways to prevent the enormous trauma of a rebellion. Personal rebellions with minimum emotional damage are both possible and prudent. The sad part of our society’s frequent requirements for changes in essential loyalties in jobs, marriages, and friendships is an increased risk of alienation and meaninglessness in our daily lives. While it is a fundamental argument of this book that rebellion is part of everyone’s life, one of the most important parts of the Art of Rebellion is so arranging our life that we find fewer reasons to rebel and rebel more successfully in the causes we select. Keeping required shifts in loyalty to a minimum by foresight and good planning makes for a happier life. Seeking out a wise mentor who can advise on a particular loyalty is one smart way to avoid trauma in frequent shifts of loyalties. A pre-nuptial agreement which includes provisions for raising children and which precludes antagonistic haggling for example is common sense in a society in which fifty percent of marriages fail. Loyalty and Emotion Love vs. Fear Section 2-18 Emotion, such as love, can be the genesis of loyalty but emotions like love are fickle. Fear, the stronger emotion, as noted by Machiavelli, is surer than love in insuring loyalty. Despite the belief in the erroneous saying "He who is convinced against his will is my enemy still"; this assertion has not shown to be true in historical forced religious conversions. Despite the depictions of steadfast Christians before the lions of Rome conversions under pain of death have historically been shown to be effective instruments to insure conversion and loyalty. Unfortunately fear also seems to work in the case of maintaining the loyalty of battered women and prostitutes to their pimps.

The argument for intelligent planning could be made as a better formula than love for loyalty since arranged marriages frequently seem to grow into love as well as convenience; some research indicates that these marriages last longer. Limited Natural Duration of Loyalty Section 2-19 Loyalties to people have a natural limited life span. Death, changes in jobs, relocations and many other factors cause breaks in loyalty from causes and people. Rebellion alone is not the only reason for shifts in loyalties. One of the reasons for selecting a loyalty to a cause that is larger than oneself is that larger causes can last a lifetime and give meaning to life when the trauma of our higher priority personal loyalties end. Charities, artistic and creative endeavors can endure and bridge or replace the gap caused by the loss of personal loyalties.

Part 2-D Types of Loyalty Loyalty to Self Section 2-20 Loyalty to self is a balancing act. The difficulty with the concept of being loyal to self is that the loyalty to self that leads to a satisfying life is characterized by integrity but carried to an extreme is interpreted by the many as loyalty to self advancement and a failure of loyalty to the well being of the culture. The payment for either choice comes late but it comes as played out as shown in the movie The Emperors Club. In this movie the Actor Kevin Kline gives a compelling portrayal of the issue of character and loyalty to self. For those with children the lessons are priceless. Loyalty to Children and Family Section 2-21 Family loyalties with mother and fathers are the most complex for the optimum objective is for the mother and father to move the child from dependence to something approaching independence as in A. H. Maslow's “self actuation”. Religion and culture contribute to loading expectations and duties on the developing child, which have little to do with self-actuation. Some parents expect to guide or dictate most life choices of children. In some cultures parents expect a later duty returned for duties given. The variation of expectations of duty from children insures that there are many reasons for open rebellion by children who naturally seek control over their own lives. Even worse is when parents give little love, guidance, or expectations. The child may rebel in totally destructive ways, just to gain attention. In some cultures it is difficult to sort out the difference between loyalty to family and loyalty to tribe for some of the same obligations that we in the west feel toward children or family are also owed to larger tribal relations. Tribes in many situations are in effect extended blood relations and sources of benefit, which makes this more understandable to those cultures where a nuclear family is more prevalent. Loyalty to Immortality Section 2-22 For most people, if immortality is a search for parents, it is certainly visualized in their expectations for their children. Parents who focus on this in trying to have children fill dreams the parents never realized are stock characters in literature.

Loyalty and Tribes Section 2-23 Tribes are sometimes described as groups associated by some hereditary connection. The definition of tribe is complex for it also includes social groupings bounded by characteristics other than hereditary. Despite hereditary qualification, association with a tribe is sometimes determined by self selection or prejudice along racial lines. For the benefit of brevity we will use an exclusionary rule that defines tribe as any group which establishes an "us as opposed to them" type loyalty --- which is not otherwise noted in the other main loyalty categories listed in this chapter. Race for example, is acknowledged to be without a firm genetic foundation and depends on some rather arcane criteria. Despite this, the term race is useful by loyalty groups who wish to establish and "us as opposed to them" category and in limited areas perceived race may constitute a tribe. Remarkably, the term traitor or hero to one's race or tribe sometimes derives from an unasked loyalty perceived by others but not felt by the individual Tribal loyalties are particularly important in the Middle East and in Africa. Lack of American appreciation of tribal loyalty makes it politically difficult for us to understand the culture and operate in areas where tribes are the source of most benefits to individuals and strong loyalties exist based on this tribal connection. Loyalty to Nations and Regions Section 2-24 Loyalty to nations, regional states, and community is a high priority value in many but not all communities. The Nation-State wars of the last century and the regional tribal wars of Africa inflict a toll almost as large as those of religious wars. The penalties for apostasy and treason against these entities are severe. Because of the severity of punishment for rebellion against these entities the use of some methods discussed later in this book are dangerous. Loyalty to Religions Section 2-25 Religions, tribal affiliation, and Allegiance to nation states inspire some of the more fanatical loyalties. These loyalties frequently induce people to sacrifice their lives for the preservation and enlargement of the organization of their devotion. More people have been killed in wars supporting one Religion over another than all other wars combined. The number of religions is infinite and each is insistent on a particular version of truth. Each version of truth requires different loyalties from other religions. A major

problem in securing peace is how to reconcile these differing beliefs in truths and loyalties in a community, society or a nation state. Paid for Loyalties for Suicide Section 2-26 There is a significant difference between those who die in wars to propagate their religions and those who use suicide in terrorism. The primary difference is that in suicide there are two other motivations other than propagation of the religion. First is the belief that the individual will go immediately to paradise and the second motivation is the frequently used bribery that the family will benefit by payments from the religious or combat organization. These payments may dignify an otherwise depressed or purposeless life. Dying for ones religion is not as popular as it once was in Christian realms but the practice seems to have grown in Islam for the two reasons mentioned above. A more accurate description of this loyalty might to a loyalty to tribes and family for the motivation is a mixed one when the family is reimbursed with a monetary reward on the death of a Martyr. Loyalty to Pets Section 2-27 We infrequently consider it but pets are the personification of loyalty. To some people the amount of affection and loyalty that pets give to owners and owners give in return makes little sense. It is not rational to those who have had no need or experience with the extremely strong bonding that occurs with pets. Many writers have noted that the bonding that occurs between horses and young girls which seems to seem to exclude bonding with males. Older people find the bond with pets gives them a reason to live longer. Loyalties to pets sometimes come before family and friends. The loyalties to pets lead people to animal rights rebellions which appear to have little regard for friends, families and other loyalties that might seem more important. Lots of elderly people who have lost the loyalty of friends and family find that loyalty to pets is their most important relation. Loyalty to Friends Section 2-28 Friendships like spousal and family relations can last a lifetime but dislocations in our society limit the duration for many. The loyalty of friends is akin to that of pets in strength. The loyalty of friends is normally composed of a loyalty inspired by mutual interests and outlook on life. An interesting feature, and error, of friendship, which is true

in most loyalties, is that it is not a relationship which can be multiplied by expanding the number of friendships. More friends mean looser bonds in fact the bonds of friendship are loosened with numbers, while this is not true of other loyalties like tribes and religions. In a relationship of three musketeers someone must frequently play second fiddle. Some expanded friendships, like fraternities, segue into tribal relationships where the rules about loyalty are specific. Fraternal Organization Bonds Section 2-29 Fraternal organizations are an important facilitator of friendships. Fraternal organizations have a history of rise and fall depending on how they assist in the mutual support of their members. Charitable organizations and Fraternal Organizations have some of the same characteristics for they both facilitate bonding in common rituals and purposes. In recent years in the U.S. many evangelical religions have taken on the aura of fraternal organizations which emphasize the complete social organization of their members. At the same time the old-line fraternal organizations have declined in membership particularly those which are gender based. Part of that decline can be attributed to equal opportunity equal access laws and initiatives which diminish the advantages of belonging to membership organizations. Those which are still prospering like the Eagles and Elks have invented new services by facilitating locations for recreational vehicle parking of their traveling members. Loyalties, Contractual and Workplace Section 2-30 Contractual loyalties and loyalties at work are more temporary than in previous eras. The loyalty we give to our place of work has in particular diminished over the years. Aside from the changes in type of work performed another important truism about work changes are changes in the expectation of loyalty. The rapid pace of technology, fragility of the marriage contract, women in the workplace and many other factors make lifetime employment or even extended employment at one location a rarity. The end result is the exchange of loyalty between employer and employee can no longer be taken for granted or depended on. It is interesting however that the really great corporations still manage to have very low rates of turnover. Others have intense customer loyalty. How they do this should be an item of interest to any corporate leader. Work based friendships and loyalties have a unique quality due to competition for advancement and or favored treatment or common bond against poor leadership. Effective creative rebels pay particular attention to these type workplace bonds. The effect of workplace sexual relationships has severe effects on loyalties, morale, and effectiveness due to several complications but not least is the perception of unwarranted favoritism and shifts of loyalties they engender.

Contracts are involved in business-to-business, business- to-individual, individual-to individual and various other organizational and individual relationships. Loyalties in these relationships are more often legally defined in writing and sometimes by spoken word. The loyalties involved in these relationships are similar to other types of loyalties in that they depend on individuals to maintain them but they are significant due to the economic consequences if broken Loyalty to Community and Neighbors Section 2-31 Loyalty with community and neighbors depends on the luck of commonality of interests. Some communities are neighborly and friendly others totally disconnected. Those where neighbors interact develop some of the strongest extra-familial bonds of loyalty. Interest in the appearance of home and the amenities of a neighborhood induces bonding with neighbors and community. Common cause can be marshaled in many unexpected endeavors, particularly charitable endeavors, by these relationships. Loyalty in Mobs and Herds Section 2-32 The transitory nature of MOBS AND HERDS does not lessen the importance in terms of loyalty. A temporary common motivation of fear, hate, or adulation can be a strong factor in moving people to action. In fact some of the same motivations of mobs and herds can be found in action where organizations use marching and other rituals. “Because we perform, or have performed together, we are together in interests”. The inclination of humans to join in concerted action in mobs and herd-like action is not a trivial factor in rebellions. Mob relationships are not loyalties per se but the use of moblike actions can generate the commonality of action which may be a base for loyalty or a base for immediate action which has the appearance of loyalty. Organizers who know how to generate and tap emotions of mobs have seized an important tool. There is a fine line between mobs and controlled demonstrations but each has its use in rebellion. Bonds vs. Loyalty Section 2-33 We all play parts in many social groups to which we owe or feel loyalty or some type of bond. The potential number of these loyalty or bonding groups is infinite but some major ones deserve notice. Some bonds are addictions and deserve inclusion in various twelve-step programs and are not addressed at length. Bonds imply something more like fetters that are more difficult to break for contractual or other reasons while loyalties imply some choice in the matter. In working with other rebels one must determine whether they have bonds that requires outside assistance which make loyalties difficult if not impossible.

One major value examining bonds vs. loyalties is that when a loyalty that affects us is broken the reason and logic can be hard to fathom. When addictions are involved; the reasons for treason by the addict are clear but the frequent result is that we turn the insult upon our own self image despite our inability to affect the addicted. Addicts are sincere when they promise but there addiction makes loyalties of no value and meaningless.

Part 2-E LOVE, HATE, BONDAGE, AND ADDICTIONS Love Section 2-34 LOVE: The problem with looking at love as a loyalty is that love has so many forms. It can be an addiction, an answer to security fears, an effort to disperse aloneness or it can be the eternal bonding of souls matched from the start. Love may inspire loyalty but love and loyalty do not always go together. There are those who love but who cannot be loyal sexually and there are those who are loyal as friends but do not love. Love is an emotional attachment and while loyalty may sometime generate an emotional attachment, loyalty may be generated by cold calculations of self interest or moral principle. Hate Section 2-35 Hate is sometimes but not always the reverse face of love. We can become infatuated with hate which is not dissimilar from the infatuation we have with love. Religions have over the centuries built the loyalty of their group by inspirations to hate. Political parties do the same. Our U.S. election of 2004 was driven in part by unreasoning hatred of opposing candidates will less than enthusiasm for the either candidate by party regulars. It is the taping of this strong emotion of hate which has caused the deaths of hundreds of millions. Fanning the fires of hatred can be the motivator or the result of mobs and mob action and the loyalty engendered by the bonds of hate is an unreasoning fire. Bondage Section 2-36 An enlightening type of loyalty is bondage to external stimuli of incidental or periodic nature. Road rage, Maureen Dowd, Mr. Ditto pander to those whose emotional state is controlled by others. They are all examples of the unusual loyalty to stimuli which can be developed. It is a loyalty which appears to be born of an addiction to a daily dose of invective and bad news. Stimuli addictions are not unlike the addictions discussed in the section below except they are conditioned on and based on emotional arousal, most frequently on hatred. Parts of the media have no positive agendas but exist because loyalties to a media outlet can be induced by those who spew out hate and invective. The financial benefits to the media outlets override moral considerations of fair play and integrity. These panderers of hate have no positive plan for the world that they dislike so much. They lack imagination and creativity for solutions and tearing down is their prime

display of intelligence for which they are well paid. Blood, gore and tragedy appeal to some great humans needs and attraction. The media play to it because it pays and they justify their pandering by various spurious appeals to reason. ADDICTIONS Section 2-37 Addictions are psychological self destructive attachments to drugs, people and repetitive incidents or actions. Spinoza long ago noted that many of us are in bondage to the actions of people around us. As mentioned in the previous section a typical incident of bondage in the current world is road rage in which some repeatedly let the actions of other drivers lead them to take actions that endanger their lives and the lives around them. The presence of addictions in those to whom you have a loyalty bond is a reason for great despair. Whether it be an addition to smoking, eating or sex it is wise to remember that addictions come before all other loyalties and relationships. Worse, addicts tend to form bonds with other addicts and while these loyalty bonds are very temporary they will in many cases have higher priority than other loyalties. A personal case: As a senior corporate executive it was my practice to hire executive assistants, train them, and farm them out to the rest of the organization as subordinates hired them away from me. As executive assistants they knew all my secrets and errors. My hiring practice was to select them with the assistance of my entire staff. An enormous amount of loyalty was generated in both directions by this method and I placed complete trust in these young people. Despite hires and personal training of over 20 people in several years the process broke down in only two cases with the result that candid words were betrayed to opponents in the organization. One of these cases was of a hire recommended by my boss and the other was a heavy smoker. It turns out that the disloyal smoker spent great amounts of time smoking and joking outside the building with my organizational opponent and formed a bond stronger than the reciprocal loyalty that I though we both enjoyed. In both cases of my errors above the betrayal consisted of passing information on internal actions which let an opponent to change to firm opposition to my initiatives based on accurate insider information. I had always considered smoking a destructive but nor dangerous addiction to loyalty; like other addictions it is a character flaw which makes bonding with others of the same character flaw a likely possibility. The bottom line is to beware of putting your trust in the loyalty of addicts –even those whose addiction is socially tolerated. They will bond with other addicts. Not all of the following are addictions but when they become an obsession and loyalty to them leads all other loyalties it is time to consider a twelve-step program or serious medical or mental health assistance.

-teams sports and games and betting -drugs -obsession with fame and fans -pure sexual relationships -obsession with possessions -hobbies ADDICTION is both a motivation and a cause. The attribution of addiction as a motivator to loyalty may be strange but if you consider “loyalty” in the terms of motivation for action which interferes with other loyalties then addiction must be considered. Addiction frequently comes before all other motivating loyalties. It is both a means and an end. Addicts will sell out their loves, their friends, and their best interests for their addiction. For those interested in group rebellion addiction is also a very powerful source of recruitment and for this reason along one must consider it in the role of motivation. Any cheap spy novel will give you ample examples of seducing addicts.

Part 2-F Motivations Motivations to Loyalty- Recruitment Section 2-38 Considering the primary motivators of loyalty to causes, whether they be loyalties to people or things, is essential in considering whether a Rebel can be counted on in any type of relationship. Love, hate, addictions, as emotional drivers, have been previously considered as motivations. Some of the following motivations which are not so obvious must also be considered, for they are important in recruitment as well as drivers. Aloneness and Escape Section 2-39 The first and perhaps the more important or our perceptions on the way to adulthood is the feeling of aloneness in the world. Aloneness is the sense that we are each ultimately the only individual who will always care about us as a person all our lives. The death of parents, friends, spouses, and children or the death of a cause makes us feel or realize this aloneness intensely. We reach out to a cause or a person to dissipate this aloneness. Emotional attachments in love, marriage and children, or even hate, fill this need to feel less alone. A strong cause can do the same. A Cause, Any Cause Section 2-40 A cause, any cause, may be the simple motivation for a meaning to life: Sometimes there is no deeper motivation to a cause than the luck of the draw. Unfortunately the value of the cause may be immaterial and the motivation may be directed by simple chance. As we grow we face the difficulty of making sense of life. The innumerable religions of the world offer different answers to the question of why we are here and some religions even assert that our individual lives have no meaning. Life magazine once did a series, interviewing people of the world on the subject. The interviews displayed the multiplicity of answers as to the meaning of life. As Josiah Royce, (Endnote Error: Reference source not found) and many other philosophers have noted, a cause, whether misguided or even evil, serves to give a meaning to life. In terms of providing meaning to individuals it matters little whether the cause is a noble serving like the Rotary International program to overcome the disease of Polio in the world, or ignoble ones like the Nazi extermination of the Jews, purification of the Aryan race, or a religious extremism which induces suicidal terrorism. Pursuit or adherence to a religion or in truth any cause can lend meaning which can be found in few other ways. We may have doubts about our cause but, it can be for a time, better than nothing. If it is our temporary meaning to life; a cause is our reason for

not giving up in despair when the cruelties of life make life insufferable. This meaning can be a religion, a quest, an addiction of love or hate but whatever it is, it must satisfy the inner demon which gnaws at us as either a substitution for or an answer to the question of: "Why is this life, these problems, these injustices, this meaninglessness, happening to me"? Change, Any Change Section 2-41 Boredom, it is said, is “an insult to ones self”. Akin to the previous seekers of “meaningfulness in a cause”, as well as estrangement and alienation, boredom can lead to a cause in the pursuit of “change”. “Change” as a cause extends from “rebels without a cause” or misfits as well as to those who are never satisfied with the outcome or product of any endeavor. The personification of this cause was in The Wild One; Girl to Brando: “Hey Johnny, what are your rebelling against?” Brando: “Whaddaya got?” The irrationality and self destructive nature of teenagers who react in this manner stems partially from a feeling of oppression and boredom but the cause for “any change” is real. Affection for and loyalty to “Change” also stems from the need for constant action like that we see in those individuals who always seem to be in a whirlwind of action. “Change” as a cause and a loyalty is a rather tenuous proposition. It is important however for this need for change can affect all other loyalties because it affects the bonds of trust and understanding upon which loyalties are built. Alienated and Estranged -Recruiting Section 2-42 The reasons for estrangement or alienation are endless but relief from alienation or estrangement can come from endless sources as well. As we try to cope in recovering from estrangement new affections or loyalties can be quick to develop. A similar situation occurs in the disorientation of destroyed or lost love which leads some to the poor choices of “marrying on the rebound”. Any serious “cause” might serve as well or better than the grief of a bad marriage or broken relationship. Cultists and fishers in troubled waters find their best recruits in the alienated and estranged whatever the initiating reason. Causes which inspire great loyalty can come as escapes from alienation or estrangement. Escapes from Reality Section 2-43 An escape from insufferable reality can lead to a cause that others may perceive as insanity. Some see extreme sports like mountain climbing in this light not unlike

joining the foreign legion. Mental escapes from reality are more readily available. Ideologues of the left and right fall into this category today. When the mind is closed because one is the owner of ultimate truth the difference from insanity is minor. When relations with people become more than we can bear or death or other unfortunate circumstances cause us to withdraw or greatly restrict our contact with the world of social interaction our minds find several ways to cope and some of those appear to be and may actually be loyalties to imaginary relationships, ideologies which make no sense, and even imaginary people. The result may be a loyalty to some mental entity or condition which protects us from total despair but prevents us from dealing with reality and, if prolonged, may prevent us from coping with other people and life in a productive manner. Control, Control of Anything, Is Control of Life –for some Section 2-44 The reality, pretense, or appearance of control in some endeavor can give the feeling of control of life and make it more bearable. With the exception of those short periods when we surrender in trust to a parent, lover or physician our need to personal security drives most of us to seek maximum control of our lives. Money seems to offer the illusion of control to many people but many who obtained money without effort find the opposite of security, either a fear of unworthiness or loosing it all. The philosopher Hobbs --in the book Leviathan -- created an entire opus on the theory of our necessity for security and control. There are many deceptive roads to the perception of security and control. Hobbs saw individual security as the main need and driver of personal needs. Based on this need Hobbs justified the need for extraordinary powers in a nation state. While Hobbs’ answer to the problem of personal security would satisfy few of us today, insecurity, whether caused by terrorism or economic depression is a basic need for humans. Feeling secure in our homes, our subsistence, and our social relations is a major element in our loyalties. In A.H. Maslow postulates a hierarchy of needs5 which has been widely accepted. Safety or security was second (see http://www.wynja.com/personality/needs.html) in that hierarchy of human needs. Fearfulness makes it difficult for us to function and we join or support organizations which lead us to believe that our support and loyalty to that organization will increase our security. 5

Human life will never be understood unless its highest aspirations are taken into account. Growth, selfactualization, the striving toward health, the quest for identity and autonomy, the yearning for excellence (and other ways of phrasing the striving "upward") must by now be accepted beyond question as a widespread and perhaps universal human tendency And yet there are also other regressive, fearful, self-diminishing tendencies as well, and it is very easy to forget them in our intoxication with "personal growth”, especially for inexperienced youngsters. .... We must appreciate that many people choose the worse rather than the better, that growth is often a painful process.... Abraham Maslow, Motivation and Personality

Sex Section 2-45 One of the most frequent destroyers and initiators of loyalties stems from sexual liaisons. The gratification of sexual urges can be used to destroy or create other loyalties. Depending on the individual psychology, sexual attraction comes from a plethora of factors other than simple biological drive. From self esteem to acquisition of money all can be the drivers which subvert loyalty and common sense when sexual gratification is in play.

Part 2-G _______________________________________________________________________ DESTRUCTION OF LOYALTIES, MORALITY, AND VALUES

Morality vs. Loyalty to Our Tribe, Our Cause, or an Individual Section 2-46 Most of us have a concept of right and wrong which is sometimes defined as a moral sense. As Machiavelli notes in the Section 2-6, many pretend to a morality which we are willing to disregard the moment a famous or infamous member of our tribe is caught in even the most heinous crime. Presidents, movie stars, and criminals are just a few of those that our loyalty circle allows us to not only forgive but justify in their actions. Christian values give many in our society a built in excuse for immediate forgiveness and even an embrace back into the tribe. The transformations of criminal sinners into redeemed saints when they are "converted", shortly after their crimes; into a religious icon-- is a monument to the flexibility of human ability to justify any action by a member of our tribe of the moment. Rudolph, the Olympics bomber and slayer of abortion seekers or providers, was a hero and object of sympathy and help in his religious region of the country. Hypocrisy in terms of morality is endemic to the human race. It is a trait which affects many. We fight this proclivity but even the Saints among us frequently fail. Abandoning Loyalty, Reasons Section 2-47 The reasons for abandoning loyalty are as endless as the reasons for unintended slights which affect all of us. Consider for a moment the following partial list of reasons: death, insult, unfaithfulness, criminality, stupidity, deliberate intent, addictions. These serious reasons for rupture of loyalty can be multiplied by all the slights not mentioned. When loyalty is abandoned and risk is involved, as described in following sections-- then rebellion is involved. Loyalty under Siege Section 2-48 The new approach to the Art of Rebellion in this book requires a broader definition of loyalty than simple fealty to an individual. Loyalty in terms of rebellion is associated with "a cause which may include persons". Aside from being a crucial element of life, loyalty, which was in past years considered an essential virtue, is today under siege. Where the average job change was one or two during a lifetime now the average number of job changes is more than eight. Loyalty in a job, both up and down, was previously expected. Divorces happen now to more than 50% of marriages. Both the view of the contract of marriage and the current view that marriage may be a temporary 27

affiliation have made loyalty to spouse and family questions of arbitration. The loyalties attached to these affiliations, which described and defined many past lives, no longer exist. Their transitory natures today, along with the sound and fury of current religious arguments, have detached many of us from important stabilizing roots of extended loyalties. Our open society multiplication of opportunities for addictions, whether they be sexual or a multitude of other chemical addictions, have multiplied the motivations for the weakening or destruction of loyalties. The potential for acrimonious rebellion in each of these loyalty shifts has multiplied as well.

Part 2-H -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Risks Risks Section 2-49 Risks are inherent in all shifting of loyalties therefore taking no decision when the situation changes is a failed decision. Thinking about the priority, reasons, and required plans for your shifts in loyalties helps you make choices when choices must be made. As previously mentioned the standard definitions from the American Heritage Dictionary are inadequate to understanding the Art of Rebellion. The two elements missing are the consideration of Loyalty and Risk. Correctly viewed individual or group Rebellion involves a break with a loyalty, which has been taught, assumed, or imposed. Rebellion always involves an insult to or changes in a strongly held or perceived loyalty as well as a personal risk. One of the justifications for this book is the failure of most literature on rebellion to recognize the distinct difference in Rebellion and other types of conflict, agitation, or anger. Rebellion has in the past been lumped in with other forms of warfare, in the personal or individual use of the word rebellion the term is erroneously substituted for offensive agitation or anger. The importance that loyalties and risk play in rebellion is significant. In individuals rebellion can be life changing or life threatening. In rebellion against a nation state participants may well be forgoing the protections that custom and international law provide other combatants. One can engage in conflict or war with little thought about the effect on one's loyalty to friend, family, organization, or code. Not so with rebellion. Whether taught, assumed or imposed the rupture or break with a loyalty debt has the potential for immense psychological pain and trauma. More importantly Rebellion involves the almost certain risk that the damage and pain can never be undone. It is this "risk" to a previously intensely felt or owed "loyalty" which makes Rebellion so different from other actions of conflict, anger and emotion; it is this “risk” which requires our best efforts to master The Art of Rebellion. Risks --Principles and Priorities Section 2-50 Life is risk. It is inescapable. If we move in any direction we take a risk. If we stand in one place we risk obsolesce or irrelevance until we die. None of us escape the risk of death which threatens us minute by minute and increases as we get older. While many of us calculate how to avoid risk others seek it out and embrace it because it provides meaning and an edge or savor to life. For some, the quote “nothing provides such meaning to life as being shot at and missed” is absolute. Some endeavor to insure that this “high” of death escaped again is a repetitive act.

Essential to the consideration of improving our abilities in the Art of Rebellion is the consideration of risk for without an element of risk there is no rebellion. Fortunately not all acts that involve risk are rebellion for thrill seekers frequently are into their own form of “flow” which makes life interesting and bearable. Definition of Risk Section 2-51 Insurers distinguish between two types of risk: speculative risk and pure risk. Speculative risk offers both the potential for gain and the potential for loss. People who invest in the stock of companies, for example, take speculative risk. An increase in stock prices produces a gain, while a decline in stock prices produces a loss. Pure risk, by contrast, creates the potential only for loss. Although pure risks do not necessarily result in losses, they never result in gains. Extreme sports enthusiasts place themselves in dangerous situations, where controlling risk is vital. Before enthusiasts attempt risky activities, they must know their own physical abilities and understand how well they can block the natural instinct of fear.ii These definitions give us a start but a more helpful examination of risk takers vs. gamblers seems more useful. In consideration of the type risk we take when we rebel we are interested in speculative risk that is calculated as opposed to a gamble. A break in loyalties requires calculation of risks in the Arts of Rebellion. No Decision- is a Risk Section 2-52 Since every choice we make involves risk, even our choices to do nothing bears risk. There is enormous difference between gambling, which has a high probability of loss, as contrasted with calculated risk which has a much higher probability of a positive outcome. While education in specific skills and practical wisdom enables us to better calculate risk there is great art involved and even the best calculated risk has some element of failure. Joanna Poppink in an article of Selfhelpmagazine.com, a health network, summarized the differences between gambling and a calculated risk. iii “Her comparison check list of traits and tendencies for gamblers and calculated risk takers follows. Gambler * Looks for excitement and danger.

* Jumps in with the crowd momentum, not wanting to be left out or left behind. * Blames others or luck for bad outcome. * Lingers over losing choices and wins not taken. * Is influenced by unacknowledged fantasies of what is possible. * Will risk more than they can afford to lose. * Acts on impulsive decisions. * Is unaware of unconscious motivations. * Acts out of sense of superiority or magical thinking. * Gets high and feels powerful on a win. Gets low and feels worthless and small on a loss. * Lacks discipline and invests on wishful fantasy rather than recognizing reality. * Hides losses and is secretive about the chances taken. * Procrastinates (building up excitement levels). * Follows a favorite method that is probably no longer useful or relevant. * When losing will take increasingly bigger risks to catch up. * Looks for the one big win that will result in bliss. Calculated Risk Taker * Contains and manages emotions. * Is aware of irrational factors swaying a crowd. * Takes responsibility for results. * Does not waste time with what might have been. * Acknowledges personal fantasies and resolves them or disregards them. *Risks a tiny fraction of equity on any individual choice (equity meaning time, money, relationship, Self- esteem, skill etc.). * Concentrates on a realistic long-term strategy. * Knows personal abilities and limitations. * Is hardworking and open to new ideas. * Stays emotionally even during wins and losses. * Easily resists risks that do not fit within defined risk limitations. * Acknowledges that risk is involved. * Proceeds in a serious intellectual manner. * Stays alert to present trends. * Follows predetermined guidelines of safety. * Analyzes situation, observes own reactions and makes realistic plans. “ Being human, we identify with some qualities on both lists and lack some qualities. An effective rebel will however learn how to calculate risk in the rebellions of life.

Luck, Emotion and Risk Section 2-53 Even with the best calculated risk the element of luck plays a part. Thus, when changes in loyalty occur luck is also involved. Less knowledge of the Arts and background leaves more to fate and luck and increases negative odds and the risk involved Loyalties contain an element of emotional involvement and in some cases involve a mutual give and take but whatever the exchange basis of the involvement breaking of loyalty means accepting the risk of damage to the values involved. Breaking with friends, parents, associations and others always may elevate the costs of the risk. Risk Starts in Childhood Section 2-54 Risk, like rebellion, starts in childhood and parents take that into account. Cutting loose from the guidance, support, and occasional control of your parents is exhilarating for some and traumatic for others. Some parents know that a transition in loyalty is necessary and some parents attempt to educate well so that both parent and child are personally prepared for independence. Other parents hold onto control for a lifetime or try to reassert control at later stages. When a child is forced to rebel against the extended control of a parent the risk of a permanent breech is ever present. Disloyalty to a Nation State, the Dangers Section 2-55 A breech of loyalty with a nation state or even a corporate entity can be a serious risk. When in the course of human events allegiance to a nation state or corporate entity becomes a marathon of resistance to intrusion on our liberty or criminality in governance then rebellion becomes imperative. When this rebellion occurs, great risk to individual livelihood and life are inescapable for the nation state has death available as a penalty.. Reducing Risk Section 2-56 Analysis and planning reduce the risk. While commanding an Army Battalion I had occasion to decide whether to rebel or allow disreputable conduct to continue. Based on improper actions with a female soldier by my commander I instituted charges against him. When I did that I knew that it was an unforgivable sin against the conventions of loyalty in the service. I also knew that my commanding General was more than unhappy

with me because of the close relationship between my commander and the Secretary of the Army; my instituting charges put the General at risk. The commanding General’s treatment of me in my new job indicated that all these concerns would be played out in my next efficiency report killing my chances or staying in the Army. However I also knew that the Army System required three months service before such a report could be rendered. Based on my knowledge of the system and an immediate insistence for a transfer to the next higher commander I was moved twice without efficiency reports being rendered. Knowing the system and insisting on transfer probably continued my time in the Army and eventually allowed me to be selected for promotion to Colonel for which I did not stay to celebrate. Raising Risk Stupidly Section 2-57 The cost of untrained rebellion is high. Action taught me over a period of time that there are smart ways to rebel and dumb ways to rebel. The potential personal cost of successive Rebellion within a bureaucracy is high, particularly for the loved ones around you. The reason that the cost is so high is that ostracism from the tribe is almost guaranteed. In Rebellion you become toxic to anyone who associates with you and your loyal followers may also suffer retribution. The worst cost however comes from engaging in a failed Rebellion. In a failed Rebellion the cruel, incompetent, and criminal win. Worse, they convince other lesser individuals that the future cost of Rebellion is too high. By failing in Rebellion you convince those who value your courage that Rebellion is not smart. Applying some of the techniques in this book will help you successfully confront tyrants and idiots with a much better chance of succeeding. Delay; Is It Adding Or Decreasing Risk? Section 2-58 Delay can add or decrease risk. In terms of options available delay may tend to decrease options in activities where opponents have the advantage of size and resource. In press battles when the larger opponent has more to lose by publicity delay may be an advantage. When it is to your advantage the ways to prevent delay are practice, training and education so that a comparable situation may be grasped quickly and action taken. In other management actions like hiring people and reactions to emotion such as anger the opposite is true. Delay is almost always better. The ability to judge the integrity, sincerity, and intelligence of people rapidly however is an important skill which can be learned but the rule “hire slowly and fire slower” is valid. Forget Donald Trump, except as a bad example. A rebel he certainly is, but not one to be emulated. The ability to make rapid decisions depends on previous experience and study of appropriate importance of time to particular decisions. Learning the steps which enable

you to make rapid decisions on hiring people is crucial to leadership. Learning to reverse those decisions when you find out that you are wrong is equally important. People decisions are the most difficult to reverse yet delay can take the decision out of your hands. Lifetime career decisions whether in rebellion or launches into a new career require an entirely different time calculus where due consideration is more important than time. Uncontrolled Emotion Increases Risk Section 2-59 Since risk of loss is involved we should select courses of action which add rather than detract, from growth, self perception, and livelihood. When loyalties are broken by the other party in an association, such as a marriage or parent-child relationship, we frequently let our emotional hurt or pride overcome our common sense and in a sense are willing to do much future damage to ourselves for what is essentially revenge. It is best to remember that, “revenge is a dish best eaten cold” and prenuptial agreements and written contracts on most associations avoid pain and damage later. This is essentially why insisting on “standards of conduct” for stakeholders in public and government organizations are essential to correcting many integrity and excessive tort problems of our current era. What’s the Worst Outcome? Section 2-60 If the cause is important to self perception then the amount of risk must sometimes be borne. Even the most timid soul can be a rebel and bear great risk. Never think “I cannot face it”. Remember that rebellion can also be a withdrawal of services or running away. These two courses of action need not be the actions of a coward as is so commonly portrayed. A planned withdrawal is not cowardly and may be the smartest type of rebellion. In any event when you feel that “I just cannot do it”, it probably means that you have not considered all the options and are letting inappropriate standards guide conduct. The Personal Cost Can Be High Section 2-61 Having said all these things, abandoning longer term loyalties is never without cost and regrets are part of the price. If mental health and livelihood or that of children is involved it may be a price that one may not want to pay.

Centrality of Risk for Living Forms Section 2-62 Hobbs conceptualization of a political system based on the insecurity of life might be stretching it a bit but we must always live with risk. Risk does not have to shout to exist. Many times risk sneaks up on us from an unexpected side like the reaction that the creative person experiences in exploration of a topic for which minds are already made up. The ability to cope well with risk improves over time and since it cannot be avoided happiness depends on learning how to face it with equanimity if not with comfort. The Risk of failure Section 2-63 Failure is the opposite of two equally important sides of the coin of life. The winning side is always pleasant and the losing side less so but the losing side is the teaching mechanism of life and for most of us the proportion of losing encounters compared to wins as one to ten or one to a hundred. Door to door sales people say that it takes one hundred “nos” to get to a yes. If you learn from each “no” the percentages get better. I personally have a large number of failures and with time I am more pleased with what I learned from each of them. One learns to work the number of failures down as over time. PERSISTENCE IS ALL Section 2-64 Perseverance is, like integrity and courage, one of the essentials for effective rebels. Tis known by the name of perseverance in a good cause, and obstinacy in a bad one-- by Laurence Sterne The clincher as Sterne indicates is to pick an interesting and noble cause.

Part 2-I ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Value and Virtues of Loyalty to Causes Value of Loyalty In Terms Of Cause Section 2-65 Loyalty to a meaningful rewarding cause is identified by many philosophers and psychologists as the essence of The Art of Happiness. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi in his book Flow-the Psychology of Optimal Experienceiv quotes J. S. Mill and Viktor Frankle. “Yet we cannot reach happiness by consciously searching for it”. “Ask yourself whether you are happy”, said J. S. Mill, "and you cease to be so”. It is by being fully involved with every detail or our lives, whether good or bad, that we find happiness, not by trying to look for it directly. Viktor Frankl, the Austrian psychologist, summarized it beautifully in the preface to his book Man's Search for Meaning: "Don't aim at success-the more you aim at it and make it a target, the more you are going to miss it. For success, like happiness, cannot be pursued: it must ensue…as the unintended side-effect of one's personal dedication to a course greater than oneself." As Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi relates the causes that make us happy are infinite but finding one to which we can give lifelong dedication and loyalty is the ultimate objective in creating a meaningful life and happiness. 6 Heroes or Traitors Section 2-66 The classification of heroes or traitors when a loyalty is broken will depend on your viewpoint. Mentors as well as affinity groups on one side or the other will view your actions differently. In understanding Loyalties it is useful to consider that our definitions of heroes and traitors are defined by our adherence to the standards of loyalty to our own main affinity groups. During my time as a rebel in the Army when I put forward charges against my Army commander I was perceived as disloyal by other local commanders but I was perceived as a brave officer loyal to the good of the Army to those outside the command who did not like the Secretary of The Army and his politically appointed protégés. Point of view is everything in the evaluation of loyalties.

Mihaly reinforces this concept with ample documentation and even his notes are readable and interesting.

A more recent case of loyalty depending on ”whose ox is gored” was the firing of Army Chief of Staff Shinseki by the SECDEF when Shinseki testified in Congress that the number of troops required in Iraq was much more than the SECDEF proposed. The SECDEF fired Shinseki, essentially for lack of loyalty, after insulting him in various other ways. Shinseki was essentially responding to the higher loyalty of “Duty Honor, Country” rather than loyalty to a superior he considered grossly in error. Shinseki was proven correct in the aftermath of the occupation of Iraq. In rebellion there is always a risk that you will lose but the essential verity is that you must be loyal to yourself and your highest moral priorities.

The Philosophy of Loyalty by Josiah Royce1995 Vanderbilt University Press, Nashville TN., reprint of 1908 publication by McMllian ii Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 2003. © 1993-2002 Microsoft Corporation. iii

Joanna Poppink, Article Gamblers and Risk Takers -What’s Luck Got to Do With It?, Selfhelpmagazine.com

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi in his book Flow-the Psychology of Optimal Experience