Travelling towards multicultural Europe
What’s a train‌?
A train is a form of rail transport consisting of a series of vehicles propelled along a rail track to transport cargo or passengers. Motive power is provided by a separate locomotive
• Have you ever seen a train? • Have you ever rode on a train? • Where? • What type of train was it? • What sounds did trains make?
• How do trains move?
George Stephenson • George Stephenson was an engineer. • He built steam locomotives for the first railways. • He is called 'the Father of the Railway'.
•In 1814 he made his first 'railway locomotive‘: The Rocket • In 1819 George was asked to build a small railway at Hetton Colliery. • The track was 8 miles long.
• In 1825 a new railway was opened between the towns of Stockton and Darlington. • George and his men built the track and the locomotive. It was the first passenger steam railway in the world. •George drove the first train. •The engine was called 'Locomotion No. 1'. •It pulled a train with 450 passengers at a speed of 15 miles an hour.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/rocket/index_embed.shtml
Steam Power In the early 1800s, steam engines was used in locomotives and trains began to carry passengers
By the late 1800s, steam powered passenger trains carried people living in the country to cities for work and for pleasure
The Rocket is one of the most famous locomotives in the world. It was a steam locomotive built in 1829 and designed by Robert Stephenson.
Diesel Power • The diesel engine was invented by a German engineer, Rudolf Diesel in 1892. The diesel fuel is burned to drive a generator which makes electricity runs an electric motor which drives the wheels.
• Diesel trains were introduced in the 1930s. • These trains were faster, quieter and cleaner than steam trains, • Diesel powered engines are still used today worldwide.
Electric power • Advances in electrical infrastructure and electric engines enabled to adopt electrical power as one of the most reliable sources of propulsion.
• Today electrical trains can be found everywhere, from city transit trains, subways, trams, to high speed rapid transit trains
History of train in Spain
โ ข The history of rail transport in Spain begins in 1848 with the construction of a railway line between Barcelona and Matarรณ
PARTS OF A TRAIN
Locomotives
steam
electric
diesel
bullet
wagons (UIC), trucks (UK), freight cars (US)
contayner
passenger
tank
autorack
post
flat
Steam locomotive 2
1
3
4
5
10
6
9
8
7
1
Cab - the place where the engineer rides and operates the locomotive
2
Bell holder and whistle: an audible signaling device on a locomotive
3
Steam dome - located at the top of the boiler, it holds the steam
4
Smokestack - place where steam and smoke leave the steam locomotive
5
Front light
6
Coupler for connecting rolling stock in a train
7
Boiler - where water is turned into steam by hot gases from the firebox
8
Side rods — Connects the driving wheels together.
9
Driving wheels - the large steel wheels attached to the engine
10
Tender – car that carries the water and fuel in a steam locomotive
Electric locomotive pantograph
Diesel locomotive
diesel engine
electric generator
Electric motors (one/axle)
electric motor
Railroad signs
• Level crossing with a gate or barrier
• Open crossings without gates. •Give way the railway locomotive
• Level crossing without a gate or barrier
• Flashing pedestrian signals indicate they should stop at the pedestrian line
Automatic half-barrier level crossing
• Amber lights and audible warnings following by flashing red lights warn that a train is approching and the barriers are come down. You must STOP