DAYLIGHTING Magazine issue 24 September/October 2020

Issue 24 September/October 2020

DAYLIGHT PLANNING Is the new European Standard measuring daylight in buildings is too complicated?

PLUS:

ROOFLGHT REFURBISHMENT SOLAR SHADING GLASS RECYCLING NEWS LATEST PROJECTS AND MORE

Energy saving with rooflights?

We wrote the book/s.

Artificial lighting accounts for almost 20% of global energy consumption, so effective

NARM Technical Document NTD01.2

NARM Technical Document NTD04

2017

2009

An introduction to natural daylight design through rooflighting

A dynamic thermal modelling study of a typical metal clad building to evaluate overheating in the UK Report 090110BRE Prepared by Oxford Brookes Universtity Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development, Oxford 10th January 2009 Authors: Chris Kendrick & Shaun Wang

daylighting is a priority in sustainable construction.

Independent research commissioned by NARM, proves conclusively that rooflights save

Issued in partnership with

energy in many applications – and we’ve published a range of informative technical documents for specifiers, covering different aspects of energy saving with

NARM Technical Document NTD10

NARM Technical Document NTD06.2

2014

2014

Designing with Rooflights Supporting Part L Building Regulation guidance in England; Approved Documents L1A, L1B, L2A and L2B (2013 editions)

Analysis of Improving Daylighting and Lighting Controls on a Number of Existing Non-Domestic Buildings

An independent report by Elmhurst Energy

Understanding rooflight U-values Welcome to this ‘Quickguide’: part 3 of a series published by NARM, to provide busy roofing contractors and installers with quick access to the information they need to maintain professional and compliant working practices.

Requirements of The Building Regulations For all non-domestic applications, the worst acceptable standard for the thermal performance (U-value) of rooflights in new build work is stated as 2.2 W/m2k.

For refurbishment or domestic applications, this figure is reduced to 1.8 W/m2k.

rooflights. They’re all freely

U-values for flat or ‘in-plane’ rooflights As the U-value is calculated by dividing the heat loss through the rooflight by its area, this is straightforward for flat, ‘in-plane’ type rooflights. Therefore, manufacturers’ quoted figures can generally be used to form the basis of building calculations without further consideration.

downloadable from our website.

U-values for ‘out-of plane’ rooflights Many rooflights are out-of-plane designs that sit proud of the plane of the roof (typically mounted on upstands or kerbs). The range includes modular dome or pyramid rooflights, continuous barrel vaults, and glazing bar systems. Furthermore, rooflights may be mounted onto upstands designed and supplied by others, which can effectively be considered as part of the roof, or some rooflights (particularly individual dome and pyramid modular rooflights) can be supplied as an assembly with a pre-manufactured kerb matched to the rooflight itself.

Building Regulations state that the worst acceptable U-values for rooflights are based on the developed area of the rooflight (not the area of the roof aperture, which is the true U-value). This is termed the Ud-value, and can be calculated for either a rooflight alone, or for a rooflightand-kerb assembly.

Be enlightened at:

www.narm.org.uk

Rooflighting Best Practice Quickguide 03

Issued in conjunction with the National Association of Rooflight Manufacturers

Ud-values: the correct values for checking against limiting values in The Building Regulations The Ud-value is calculated from the developed area of the

rooflight. Where a rooflight-and-kerb assembly is being supplied, the rooflight supplier should be able to quote this value both for the rooflight only, AND for the entire assembly. To ensure Building Regulations compliance, both of these values must achieve the worst acceptable standard of 2.2 W/m2k.

It is not acceptable to use an assembly of a rooflight with poorer thermal performance (such as double skin rooflights) on a kerb simply because the Ud-value for the rooflight-and-kerb assembly is better than the limiting values in the Building Regulations, unless the Ud-value for the rooflight alone also meets the limiting values.

Full details are provided in NARM Technical Document NTD 2 ‘Assessment of thermal performance of out-ofplane rooflights’ which can be downloaded from the NARM website.

Typical ‘out-of plane’ rooflight Entire surface area of rooflight & kerb assembly Surface area of rooflight

Minimum daylight area Roof opening area

Minimum acceptable thermal performance standards to ensure Building Regulations compliance: Rooflight only:

Rooflight & kerb assembly:

2.2 W/m2k 2.2 W/m2k

Further information Further information can be obtained from NARM, (National Association of Rooflight Manufacturers) at www.narm.org.uk

RIBA accredited CPD materials Available

THE TRADE ASSOCIATION REPRESENTING LEADING UK ROOFLIGHT SUPPLIERS

CONTENTS

REGULARS

05

Editor’s Comment

06

Industry News

10

New Projects

20

NARM Daylight Diary Updates from the UK’s influential trade association for rooflight manufacturers

FEATURES

Bennett B2B Ltd Pure Offices Lake View House Tournament Fields Warwick CV34 6RG United Kingdom TEL: +44 (0)1295 711666

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Daylight & Sunlight Planning BS EN 17037:2018 Daylight in Buildings – A Critical Review Dr Peter S. Defoe and Andrew D. Thompson of Anglia Ruskin University argue that the new European Standard measuring daylight in buildings is too complicated.

EDITOR Paul Bennett paul@daylightingmag.co.uk Tel: 01295 711666 Mobile: 07900 895110 AD SALES info@bennettb2b.co.uk Tel: 01295 711666

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DESIGN/PRODUCTION info@bennettb2b.co.uk Tel: 01295 711666

Refurbished to the Letter of the Law Tom Bates of Lareine Engineering, discusses the Covid-safe refurbishment of two large rooflights at Wolverhampton’s Combined Courts

WEBSITE www.daylightingmag.co.uk

Rooflight Refurbishment

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26

Daylighting Icons

Solar Shading Systems

Apple Marina Bay Sands, Singapore

34

Sydney’s Darling Quarter project chooses UK Blind Specialist to create a unique tension blind system Case study by Guthrie Douglas

What’s trending on social media?

29

Twitterings

DAYLIGHTING is published by:

CIRCULATION Daylighting is available by email, free of charge to subscribers, by logging on at www.daylightingmag.co.uk Free access is also available via our website and social media. Average impressions per issue are approximately 5,500, however this varies according to social media activity. Our readership is predominantly UK architects, specifiers, contractors, consultants and roofing professionals. Full details are available on our website. www.daylightingmag.co.uk

Glass Recycling

35

More about DAYLIGHTING Magazine Back issues & media information

www.daylightingmag.co.uk

Making glass again, and again, and again Paula Wilson, Operations Manager at Wrightstyle, reflects on glass recycling and the use of recycled glass in the UK’s construction industry

While every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of content, the publisher does not accept liability for errors. The views expressed by contributors are not necessarily those of the editor or publisher.

This publication contains editorial photographs which may have been supplied and paid for by suppliers. Full terms and conditions can be found on our website.

September/October 2020

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ENGINEERING

THE UK’S TRUSTED DAYLIGHTING & VENTILATION SPECIALIST • Preferred supplier to leading architects, engineers & contractors • Multi-sector expertise • Design, manufacture, installation, servicing • All relevant accreditations & affiliations • RIBA CPD Providers Network member • Nationwide sales & support

Head Office: 01506 448140 Midlands Centre: 01788 579307 E: info@lareineengineering.com www.lareineengineering.com

EDITOR’S COMMENT

Daylight planning in the UK: a bright new dawn?

While controversies over Covid 19 measures, the US election and Brexit continue to rage, the complex world of daylight planning has its own hot topic: the new Daylight in Buildings standard BS EN 17037.

Daylighting at Sydney’s impressive Darling Quarter atrium presented an array of technical challenges in respect of solar control. UK solar shading specialists Guthrie Douglas outline these in their case study on page 26.

In this issue, Dr. Peter Defoe and Andrew Thompson of Anglia Ruskin University, take a critical look at the new standard, which will no doubt attract comment from others within the daylight planning community.

Glass in its many forms plays a central role in the majority of our content, so it’s good to again reinforce the message that glass is a highly sustainable material. Paula Wilson’s article on page 29 looks at glass recycling and the use of recycled glass in the UK’s construction industry.

You can read their extremely interesting and challenging article on page 12.

Following on from recent issues of Daylighting Magazine, Covidsafe working practices again feature in this one, with Tom Bates’ insights into the refurbishment of rooflights at Wolverhampton’s Combined Courts, on page 22.

Paul Bennett paul@daylightingmag.co.uk

Thanks to all our contributors, for another diverse and thought-provoking issue of Daylighting Magazine.

As always, if you’d like to comment or get in touch regarding any of the topics covered in this issue, please email me using the link opposite.

Issue 23 July/August 2020

Don’t forget, back issues are always available to read on-line at daylightingmag.co.uk Issue 20 January/February 2020

THE INNOVATION SMARTER, BRIGHTER ISSUE HOME DESIGN USING DAYLIGHT

PLUS:

DAYLIGHT & SUNLIGHT PLANNING ENERGY EFFICIENCY HEALTH & WELLBEING NEWS LATEST PROJECTS AND MORE

Previous issues of DAYLIGHTING Magazine will be available on-line indefinitely. So you can refer back to old issues whenever you like.

It’s also on our ‘to-do’ list to set up a features index, so if you can’t remember in which issue you read that fascinating feature about XYZ, you’ll be able to find it in a moment.

IN THIS ISSUE:

DAYLIGHT MODELLING REFURBISHMENT SMART GLAZING PLUS • NEWS • PROJECTS • AND MORE

www.daylightingmag.co.uk

September/October 2020

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INDUSTRY NEWS

‘Golden Thread’ should apply to all buildings – CIOB Survey Construction Manager has reported that almost threequarters of respondents to a CIOB survey on the ‘golden thread’ – the looming requirement for accurate and up-to-date records of project data – said it should apply to all buildings, not just the higherrisk residential buildings as set out in the government’s draft Building Safety Bill.

The research, carried out by the CIOB and software company i3PT Certification, asked industry professionals about their understanding of the golden thread and how it will be delivered in practice. Initial analysis shows some 74% of respondents felt the draft bill did not go far enough, and that the golden thread should become law for all buildings, while a further 13% said it was ‘relevant’ to other sectors. Many were concerned about healthcare,

care homes and schools.

The research indicated that industry culture would be the biggest obstacle to implementing the golden thread. Some 82% of respondents picked this out as a ‘blocker’ to change, followed by commercial investment (52%), lack of repercussions (48%), unclear requirements (43%) and technology (32%). Furthermore, more than half (54%) agreed with the statement, “the industry understands the need to change but the right culture is not in place to support it”. Only 9% disagreed. The consensus is it will take construction a long time to implement the changes necessary to deliver a golden thread of information on all high-risk projects. Only 7% of respondents thought it would take less than 12 months, while one in five said it would take between one and two years. Some 41%

thought it would require two to five years and 23% said over five years. Encouragingly though, 85% of survey respondents said the golden thread will “enable better decision-making and create a clearer chain of accountability across the built environment”.

The ‘golden thread’ was identified

by Dame Judith Hackitt in her Independent Review of Building Regulations and Fire Safety, published after the Grenfell fire.

She highlighted the need for “robust record keeping, with a digital ‘golden thread’ of key building information running through all phases of design, construction and occupation”.

The CIOB/i3PT survey gathered responses from 156 built environment professionals and organisations. A full analysis will be published this month. www.constructionmanager magazine.com

UK cities and counties take lead on regional housing retrofit Low Carbon Homes, supported

by MCS, has opened registration for six online events – each consisting of three days of intense discussion and knowledge-sharing to consider how best to rapidly scale up the retrofitting of housing locally.

The timely expansion of the freeto-attend event series comes as the UK Government releases more details of its £2bn Green Homes Grant scheme for England, and the Scottish Government announces an extra £1.6bn to de-

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carbonise buildings – each to be spent in the current parliament.

“We’re delighted with the continued development of Low Carbon Homes, especially the successful online transition.

For each event we focus on achieving clear outcomes that enable our host partners to take a significant step forward towards achieving their local retrofit goals. We believe that a local approach is the only way to achieve retrofit at scale - to reduce the carbon impact of

housing, eradicate fuel poverty and stimulate local economic recovery” said Graham Lock, Founder, Low Carbon Homes.

The six events announced to date are: • Derbyshire, 06-08 October • Glasgow, 20-22 October • Manchester, 03-05 November • Liverpool, 01-03 December • Kent, 26-28 January • Oxfordshire, 09-11 February www.lowcarbonhomes.uk

www.daylightingmag.co.uk

INDUSTRY NEWS

Innovative Virtual Work Experience Launched For UK Architectural, Planning and Construction Students • The Design Journey Through Planning - 23 September • Transition From Studio To Office - 7 October • Developing The Brief - 21 October

David Halliday, managing director Halliday Fraser Munro

An award-winning architectural and planning practice has set up a Virtual Studio for students who would otherwise miss out on 2020 placements and internships.

Halliday Fraser Munro which has offices across the UK including in Glasgow, Edinburgh, London, Belfast, Aberdeen and Leeds, has launched an innovative Virtual Studio which students can access free of charge at https://virtualstudio.hfm.co.uk/.

Students from any university or college in the UK can register.

The Virtual Studio will give opportunities for the next generation of architectural, planning and construction students to join a dynamic programme of free, live webinars, discussions, presentations and Q and As. The project gives students a virtual opportunity to meet, network and quiz the highly experienced architectural team which has a wealth of knowledge in their field.

The initial programme includes:

www.daylightingmag.co.uk

David Halliday, managing director of Halliday Fraser Munro says of the Virtual Studio, “Providing opportunities for students to develop and grow in their chosen field of architecture, planning and construction has always been an important focus for the whole team at Halliday Fraser Munro.

Each year we have an intake of work placement and internship undergraduates across all of our offices, and we are determined that, in the absence of these face to face workplace opportunities in 2020, we provide high level, quality access to our teams for these students. The Virtual Studio will deliver webinars to enhance student’s knowledge of the latest topics affecting the industry and gives us the opportunity to make connections with the next generation of talent and to help them transition from the studio to the office.”

The Virtual Studio is not the first educational innovation from Halliday Fraser Munro since lockdown. In April, the firm rapidly created and launched a virtual work experience portal for secondary school pupils who missed out on their placements.

The website content aimed

to motivate and encourage young people to consider a career in architecture and the construction industry during lockdown. The programme mirrored the Halliday Fraser Munro office-based experience and could be completed at home. By completing the work experience portal tasks, students developed their interest in architecture and developed skills in, and an understanding of, spatial modelling and interpreting a client brief.

A competition to design a building or house using any media was also launched by Halliday Fraser Munro and attracted entries from across the UK designed in everything from Minecraft to Lego.

Registration for the Virtual Studio sessions is free and now open. Places, which are on a first come first served basis, can be booked here: https:// virtualstudio.hfm.co.uk/.

More sessions will be added and updates on new sessions will be issued on LinkedIn, Twitter or Instagram to find out more information.

Halliday Fraser Munro is an awardwinning firm offering architectural, urban design and masterplanning services along with a specialised planning consultancy team.

It has offices in Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Leeds, London and Belfast. www.hfm.co.uk.

September/October 2020

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INDUSTRY NEWS

Leading rooflight manufacturer completes Management Buy-Out Jon Shooter, Managing Director of Glazing Vision, said:

Glazing Vision, one of the world’s leading and manufacturers of glass roof solutions, has recently been acquired in a multi-million pound deal by its management team from the company’s founder, in a deal which will enable the business to take a leap forward, despite current global uncertainty.

Price Bailey, the Top 30 accountants, and law firm Howes Percival, both advised management on the transaction.

Glazing Vision operates from a 65,000 sq ft factory in Diss, Norfolk, and through a growing operation in the USA and multiple distribution channels across Europe, Asia, and most recently, Australia. It sells off-the-shelf, standard, and completely bespoke glass roof solutions to clients wanting to add a ‘wow’ factor to their projects.

Significant further international expansion is now planned for the business, which likely will create job opportunities at the headquarters in Diss and internationally.

After 25 years of trading, and with

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September/October 2020

over 100 staff, the company has become the largest manufacturer of rooflights in the UK. With appearances on national television for glass rooflights on some of the most prestigious buildings in the country and celebrity clientele, the main shareholder felt it was the right time to sell his majority stake.

It was an opportunity not to be missed for the management team, which consists of three current minority Director/Shareholders and three new management team members all now further engaged to drive the business forward.

Price Bailey’s Strategic Corporate Finance team, led by Stephen Reed, was engaged to advise on the transaction and to help management raise the necessary finance to support the transaction. Given this was during the early stages of the pandemic, the lending market was understandably cautious, but with the positives surrounding Glazing Vision, coupled with the specific expertise of Price Bailey in MBOs of such manufacturing businesses, the transaction was able to be completed with funding from Allica Bank.

“We are delighted to have been given this amazing opportunity to continue the growth of Glazing Vision with the existing management team. This will ensure continuity of customer service and performance and enable the company to invest more resources in delivering what customers want. One of our priorities will be continuing international expansion, building on the network we have developed in Europe by adding capabilities in the US and Australia. This will create new opportunities for staff, many of whom have been with the business from the outset, and enable the business to continue its success story from its humble beginnings in Norfolk to one of the leading glazing manufacturers of its kind in the world.”

Stephen Reed, Partner at Price Bailey, comments: “This was a challenging deal in the current environment. Despite being an established business with a proven track record of profitability, High Street banks were unable to finance the buy-out or required terms unacceptable to management. Funding was eventually obtained from a specialist lender called Allica Bank. This transaction puts the business on a firm footing for navigating the current economic headwinds and continued growth and we wish Jon and the rest of the team every success.” www.glazingvision.co.uk

www.daylightingmag.co.uk

INDUSTRY NEWS

MCRMA publishes advice note on safe roof work MCRMA, the Metal Cladding and Roofing Manufacturers Association, has published a new Advice Note, AN 06 Safe working practices on roofs: the distinction between ‘walkable’ and ‘nonfragility’.

Two commonly used phrases used within the roofing industry to describe two specific aspects of roofing systems, products and components are ‘Walkable’ and ‘Non-fragile’.

The phrases are not the same and are not interchangeable in scope or in their meaning; this document is intended to remind all those involved in roof work construction that they have a responsibility to be aware of the most up to date advice on safe working practices and also to be compliant with the legal requirements.

The document is available for download at: www.mcrma.co.uk

HSE Working at height guidance Working at height remains one of the biggest causes of fatalities and major injuries. The Health & Safety Executive’s working at height website shows what employers

should do to protect employees. It also includes a helpful step-bystep guide on how to assess the risks and prevent falls. www.hse.gov.uk/work-at-height/

CPA Webinar: Brexit Technical & Regulatory Risks Since the Brexit Referendum in 2016, the CPA has tracked and analysed the technical and regulatory risks for its members and addressed those directly with politicians and civil servants.

With the Brexit deadline fast approaching this webinar will look at some major issues that remain unresolved and major concerns for construction product manufacturers and suppliers.

The webinar takes place on Thursday, 15th October 2020 from 14.00 – 15.00. Register here: https://us02web.zoom. us/webinar/register/WN_ sUt9m489S1SvVKKOrmLP6g

LO W CAR B ON GR P DAYL IGH T SO LUTIO NS

ZENON EVOLUTION

LIGHTWEIGHT ROOFLIGHT HEAVYWEIGHT STRENGTH The Zenon Evolution range of low carbon GRP Rooflights are ideal for environmentally conscious industrial buildings. Our advanced

reinforcement technology means that they are both lighter and more impact resistant than conventional rooflights. Their superior profile also ensures a better fit with the adjacent metal sheets. Zenon

Evolution rooflights are the perfect choice for strength, durability, performance and peace of mind.

DISCOVER MORE: WWW.HAMBLESIDE-DANELAW.CO.UK/ZENON-ROOFLIGHTS T: 01327 701 920 E: SALES@HAMBLESIDE-DANELAW.CO.UK

www.daylightingmag.co.uk

September/October 2020

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NEW PROJECTS VisionTameside, Ashton-under-Lyne An unusual combination of local authority offices, college skills centre and retail units features an equal combination of architectural glazing systems by leading UK manufacturer Kawneer.

Kawneer’s AA®100 zonedrained curtain walling has been used within rainscreen cladding from the ground to second floors and at the upper floor levels of a courtyard. It was also used as a ribbon effect to achieve a punched window design on the external perimeter elevations. www.kawneer.com Private residence, Trigg, Western Australia

www.glazingvision. co.uk

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September/October 2020

Photo: G.G. Archard

Keen to unlock and utilise the space on top of this newly built residential home, and further add value to this property, an innovative “glass box” was introduced to provide easy access to the roof terrace. Glazing Vision’s three-wall box rooflight has provided a rooftop with more de rigueur, and one which takes advantage of the spectacular views overlooking the Perth shorelines.

www.daylightingmag.co.uk

NEW PROJECTS ROMO Fabrics Offices & Warehouse 348 modules of the VELUX Modular Skylight system were installed as part of a new combined office and warehousing space for third generation fabric design company, ROMO Fabrics.

The project saw VELUX Commercial work alongside Maber to create this vibrant new headquarters. www.commercial. velux.co.uk

University House, Birmingham Architectural glazing systems by leading UK manufacturer Kawneer were specifically selected for a £18.5 million extension to the UK’s oldest business school for their ability to meet the building’s design aesthetic and high-performance requirements.

Multiple Kawneer products, including two curtain wall systems, two door products and three window variations, were used by main contractor Morgan Sindall Construction. www.kawneer.com

www.daylightingmag.co.uk

September/October 2020

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DAYLIGHT & SUNLIGHT PLANNING

BS EN 17037:2018 Daylight in Buildings – A Critical Review The new European Standard measuring daylight in buildings is too complicated and fails to adequately safeguard the minimum fitness standards for natural light needed by residential tenants via the provision of a practical calculation solution.

By Dr Peter S. Defoe PrD(BE) DipArb FRICS FCIArb MCQI CQP and Andrew D. Thompson CEnv FRICS FCInstCES FHEA Anglia Ruskin University

The new Daylight in Buildings standard BS EN 17037:2018, almost immediately attracted criticism from daylighting specialists and the research community.

Prior to the publication of this new standard, the UK used BS 82062:2008, the code of practice for daylighting, giving recommendations for daylight design in buildings – including electric lighting design when used in conjunction with daylight and this was supported by BR209 Site layout planning for daylight and sunlight – a guide to good practice.

However, this new standard BS EN 17037 deals exclusively with natural daylight and sunlight and it includes methods of calculation for design parameters that did not feature in BS 8206-2 meaning that the domino effect of this change is that housing fitness standards, planning design controls and associated environmental accreditation schemes based on BS 8206-2 have lost the source reference standard. Whilst both BS8206-2 and BR209 have a weakness within their

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methodologies which are based on historical research and simplified calculations. This manual approach can also be an advantage is that both traditional methods are capable of being undertaken or checked at low cost using only paper-based systems via basic measurement methods.

Whilst most practitioners at advanced stage now employ computer-based technologies to model buildings and to undertake the calculations the complexity of the property market is such that daylight awareness needs to be understandable to non-expert practitioners. Landlords, Property Managers, Local Authority Officers and concerned property owners need an accessible and low-cost solution for first stage assessment.

“Most practitioners at advanced stage now employ computer-based technologies to model buildings and to undertake the calculations the complexity of the property market is such that daylight awareness needs to be understandable to non-expert practitioners.”

While most parties agree that there is a need to have a better methodology for assessing the performance of daylight within a building prior to construction, they also believe that it is necessary to ensure that any output is capable of being understood by lay clients and of being verified independently.

www.daylightingmag.co.uk

DAYLIGHT & SUNLIGHT PLANNING

Image 1 MBS Output example of sDA

Neither of these is possible using this new standard. The capacity for paper verification is felt to be an important safeguard for any methodology used in the public planning system. The paperbased approach proving a low-cost simple verification for Local Authority Planning and Environmental Health Officers needing to assess if a property was unfit for human habitation. A strong public policy benefit therefore exists for any daylight calculation to be capable of non-computer verification or to have a first stage non-expert assessment step.

Daylight is a vital feature in the adequacy of living accommodation.

Any standard must therefore be capable of considering design that is environmentally positive, as used in design accreditation schemes, whilst equally being robust when considering minimum fitness standards.

This issue of minimum fitness appears not to have been considered from the legal enforcement perspective nor in respect of the Homes (Fitness for

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Human Habitation) Act 2018 which came into full effect on 20th March 2020 and was already binding on all new leases agreed since 20th March 2019 amending the Landlord & Tenant Act 1985. Under the former BS8206:2 a Surveyor/ Housing Officer could in one inspection gather via tape and Abney Level all the basic measurement data necessary to calculate the Average Daylight Factor (ADF). A practical answer to a housing fitness concern linked to daylight quality could therefore be assessed by a non-expert practitioner within a half hour to one hour timeframe if this was the housing officers first attempt to assess daylight in a standard size residential room.

Under the BS EN 17037 the new calculation requires a 3D point cloud data scan undertaken by a Land Surveyor, the purchase of both AutoCAD and supporting specialist software, advanced CAD skills training and is a technically demanding task.

Justified if undertaking assessments for hundreds of rooms in a major

September/October 2020

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DAYLIGHT & SUNLIGHT PLANNING

Image 2 – Typical sDA CAD Image

development context but wholly disproportionate for most established housing rental situations or home extensions. In addition, upon enquiry, a representative of the BRE has confirmed that they have concerns regarding the use of the new standard for the following reasons: The 500mm perimeter used in the sDA calculation is not defined sufficiently to eliminate ‘massaging’ to improve results in rooms particularly those with awkward shapes. (see Image 2) Glare calculations can take an hour per spot. There is no benefit from something so complex The Standard was published about one year before any software became commercially available, as a result, software providers have had to resort to emails for clarifications. Surely the standard should have been sufficiently

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specific bearing in mind that it is not possible to do the task manually. How do we know that correct interpretations have been applied in all cases?

The climate data files available are very limited for the UK and it has been suggested that most are old and/ or have been extrapolated. In fact, The climate data files issue came out in preparation of the National Annex; and, as can be seen in table NA5, London Gatwick is stated to have a lower diffuse illuminance than Belfast and the same as Aberdeen, which is not likely. The problem may be that climate data files are not selected to be typical daylight years but are predominantly based on other criteria such as degree days.

Other issues raised with the BSi Committee include: The BS EN 17037:2018 standard uses a

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DAYLIGHT & SUNLIGHT PLANNING reference plane at 85 cm, why? It has been suggested that this is possibly relating to research undertaken in US schools; however, citation cannot be provided. However, if this point is accepted then this appears to create further problems for the BSi Committee in terms of justification of the definition figures. When critical reading is undertaken, and the working plane dimension is cross referenced to the key table height dimension recommendations across other BSi published standards the figure 85cm cannot be defended. The furniture size in UK Educational establishments is set by BS EN 1729-1:2015. This is nearer to 75cm and this would result in slight improvement in results and this is not stated. What then if we ignore educational use and look to commercial office furniture, this triggers BS EN 527-1:2011 Part 1: Dimensions, in order to defend the recommendation the population of the UK would need to be replaced with that typical of Sweden! But still this extra height would only get the dimension to 84.2 cm. The UK h1 is defined as 80cm.

Remember we are discussing errors in the authoritative standard dimensions, in an industry standard, dimensional figures matter.

The Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act 2018 establishes a statutory fitness requirement for properties to be fit for human habitation and, whilst this concept is not new, the historic legal cap that made the right previously unenforceable by most tenants has now since 20th March 2020 been removed. When considering fitness of a house or dwelling the legislation expressly requires that regard shall be had in relation to Natural Lighting.

Where the daylight provision is to be assessed, under the above requirements, then the official guidance, under the Housing Health

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& Safety Rating System, historically required an assessment based on the former British Standard. Should the Courts direct that compliance is now to be assessed against BS EN 17037 the cost implication of tenant challenge could lead to Landlord/Tenant dispute fees greater than the typical £951 rental value of a property (HomeLet Rental Index). This will directly impact on a tenant’s rights to seek redress under the assessment of fitness for human habitation and a Landlords willingness to defend against a spurious claim.

The issue is therefore whether the new UK standard for natural light makes it more likely that a property will be deemed unfit due to the impractical nature of the new solution.

“Design teams involved in residential schemes now need to be extremely careful in client design advice as a tenant in the Private Rental Sector (PRS) now has a legal right to a higher design standard than an Owner/ Occupier.”

Design teams involved in residential schemes now need to be extremely careful in client design advice as a tenant in the Private Rental Sector (PRS) now has a legal right to a higher design standard than an Owner/ Occupier. Whilst at major design stage the cost/benefit of a full technical assessment could be justified this removal from a designer of an easy to understand manual check means that design checking for natural light adequacy will be pushed further down the RIBA stages of works remote from early stage consideration.

Clearly a new standard on natural light has far reaching implications and it is reasonable to expect that such an important document has been considered carefully and is grounded in robust research. This is important for two reasons, firstly because the standard is used by Local Authorities when considering the adequacy of new development designs in both the planning and environmental context.

The ripple effect of this use being that Developers and the associated stakeholders and designers will be mindful of the standard requirements, if the standard gains a reputation

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DAYLIGHT & SUNLIGHT PLANNING for being expensive, impractical and unfriendly for decision makers the worst outcome is that it is ignored!

Secondly the application to existing buildings as a benchmark standard underpins the environmental accreditation systems of BREEAM, the Home Quality Mark and the RICS SKa Environmental Accreditation systems for credits under the natural light requirements. These systems of accreditation have both design and post design evaluation stages such that a pure software only solution makes post design inspection evaluation impractical as impossible without a full new exercise.

The former standard BS 8206-2 was read in conjunction with BRE BR209 Site layout planning for daylight and sunlight and CIBSE LG10 as guidance only, but the launch of BS

EN 17037 directly impacts on the recommendations of these other technical documents due to the withdrawal of BS8206-2:2008. The new standard can no longer be interpreted as guidance and cannot be incorporated into BR209 but BR209 continues to reference a standard that no longer exists. This situation will be addressed in the BRE review of BR209 with the potential outcome that the BRE could simply reclaim the ADF calculation. This is perfectly within their right as the UK ADF method is a product of the original Building Research Station in World War II as an emergency solution to aid factory design. The well documented research evidence base for the use of the ADF could, without fuss, allow BRE to publish an updated 3rd Edition of BR209 simply via the removal of any reference to the British Standard. This

Image 3 – Typical VSC Image using BR209

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DAYLIGHT & SUNLIGHT PLANNING would for planning and environmental purposes be the simplest BRE solution.

The technical transition from the former BS8206-2 into the new BS EN 17037 represents a fundamental shift in calculation methodology. On balance, once one moves away from the small scale and practical survey assessment requirements, the new standard at advanced calculation level has many positive features once the technical study is a fully 3D computer model assessment exercise. In a practical system society needs both a first step manual approach for which the ADF is a well understood UK solution as well as a more advanced assessment tool. The retention of the ADF/VSC (see image 3) and APSH as the first step for appropriate schemes when a low-cost solution has holistic benefit as it results in an immediate practical solution. Whilst technology and phone applications could in the medium 5-10 year period evolve such that the need for manual verification is fully removed, after all many mobile phones now have noise, lux and a room measurement scanner, this is still the future and society needs to transition to that point of change.

Daylight and Health The importance of daylight to health is now believed to be established however the research community is still in debate as to the level of adequacy required for pure health purposes. BS EN 17037 makes no reference to works such as “Daylight and Health: A review of the evidence and consequences for the built environment” MBC Aries, MPJ Aarts and J van Hoof, (2015) and whilst expressing target lux levels these are confused as both minimum fitness levels and environmental best practice recommendations. The same lux value cannot be both the minimum necessary for basic habitation fitness

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and the perfect design level for award winning schemes without designing to the minimum culture.

This problem can be traced to the lack of research undertaken to justify the new lux level standards. Where is the BRE concept design property i.e. an experimental control building where results can be verified through research triangulation and reviewed by researchers to explore the evidence of the improvement in design standard?

These properties have existed and are well documented to support the historic BRE ADF method and if health benefits are to be critically monitored and assessed to consider merits of levels should have been established before radical change.

“The technical transition from the former BS8206-2 into the new BS EN 17037 represents a fundamental shift in calculation methodology. ”

There is a lack of evidence as to which UK designed buildings aspired to this new standard before implementation – and was there any post occupancy evaluation assessing the merits of change? How was the impact of the change assessed on the nations’ existing property? Where is the BSi economic cost benefit analysis to support this expensive change on industry and property users? No research data based on the national stock condition survey to assess this change impact can be found, so was the impact socio-environmental impact of the system change ever assessed by the BSi before this was imposed?

Do BSi have any idea on the scale of properties that have now been deemed unfit for human habitation due to the adoption of this new standard.

As this is a new test of fitness especially where none previously existed.

Moving to the health qualities of sunlight being beneficial the traditional thinking has been abandoned in BS EN 17037. Historical wisdom has been

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DAYLIGHT & SUNLIGHT PLANNING

that for health that sunlight entering a room through glazing would not be the direct source of any benefit as direct skin radiation contact was required.

Whilst sunlight is recommended within buildings for other design and environmental purposes the sunlight directly was not considered as a pure health benefit. This is important in spatial planning as the vital role of outdoor amenity space is justified due to the society need for access to sunlit spaces. Destroy this link and the argument in development for sunlit gardens and amenity balcony space is also removed, so claims without any research base need be challenged as otherwise the society risk is the loss of areas of amenity space currently considered vital. Established research, such as that cited by M Nathaniel Mead in the Benefits of Sunlight: A Bright Spot for Human Health (EHP 2008) state that it is only that affect derived from being outside the buildings

envelope where, for example, the effects of rickets are mitigated by exposure to sunlight that has a direct health benefit.

This article has highlighted the argument for BS EN 17037 to be returned to “Draft for Development (DD)” status and the temporary reinstatement of BS8206-2:2008 until such time as the research, has been adequately investigated and the methodology provides for both low cost first stage assessment that then evolves to the more complex full 3D Survey and Computer model assessment when appropriate for design circumstances, litigation or environmental complexity.

Dr Peter S. Defoe PrD(BE) DipArb FRICS FCIArb MCQI CQP and Andrew D. Thompson CEnv FRICS FCInstCES FHEA Anglia Ruskin University

Acknowledgements The Authors would like to acknowledge the technical support provided by MBS in providing access to the daylight software and modelling used to prepare this article.

References BS EN 17037: 2018 Daylight in Buildings, BSI BS8206-2:2008 Lighting for Buildings, BSI (withdrawn) BS EN 527-1:2011 Office furniture – Work Tables and Desks Part 1: Dimensions BS EN 1729-1:2015 Furniture – Chairs and tables for educational institutions Part 1: Functional dimensions BR209 Site Layout Planning for Daylight and Sunlight a Guide to Good Practice 2011 published by BRE Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act 2018 Chapter 34 Housing Health & Safety Rating System (England) Regulations 2005 BREEAM, (breeam@bre.co.uk) Home Quality Mark (www.homequalitymark.com) HomeLet.Co.uk, 2020. What is the average rental value in the UK, June 2020, online access on 21 July 2021 https://homelet.co.uk/homelet-rental-index RICS SKa https://www.rics.org/uk/about-rics/responsible-business/ska-rating/ LG10/14 Lighting Guide 10: Daylighting – a Guide for Designers – LG10: 2014 Daylight and Health: A review of the evidence and consequences for the built environment, MBC Aries, MPJ Aarts and J van Hoof, (2015).

The Benefits of Sunlight: A Bright Spot for Human Health, M Nathaniel Mead, (EHP 2008)

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SPECIAL FEATURE

daylight diary Sept/Oc

t

2020

Prioritising safety & standards in construction The last couple of months have seen ‘business as usual’ at NARM – albeit in our new, socially distanced, Covidsafe way – engaging with important initiaves facing the UK’s construction industry.

The Industry Response Group (IRG), set up in the wake of the Grenfell Tragedy, is due to publish its report, “Setting the Bar” any time now as a follow-up to their interim report, “Raising the Bar”.

The section addressing the potential competency gap when considering the suitability of specified or substituted construction products is authored by the Construction Products Association (CPA).

and continuous plastic rooflights respectively. Work continues on prEN 1873-2 for individual glass rooflights and prEN 1873-3 for roofhatches with the next meeting of the CEN working group due to take place on the 13th & 14th October where NARM will be represented.

Also on the subject of safety, NARM’s external communications team has been working on a campaign to support the use of laminated inner panes on glass rooflights. This addresses a ‘grey area’ within UK standards, whereby toughened glass inner panes which can shatter, may be used, subject to a risk assessment. Watch this space...

Throughout 2020 and during lockdown NARM has been an active participant on the CPA working group. NARM is passionate about upholding standards which is why it volunteered its services in this vital drive to construct safer buildings for the future.

You can find out more about NARM and download our technical documents at: www.narm.org.uk

NARM members have also recently submitted their comments to BSI on two draft standards: prEN 1873-1 and prEN 14963-1, for enquiry. These cover individual plastic rooflights

Become a NARM member

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September/October 2020

Access our on-line RIBA CPD seminar and other CPD materials at: www. ribacpd.com

Stay up-to-date with NARM on LinkedIn and Twitter

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REFURBISHMENT

Refurbished to the letter of the law...

Wolverhampton Combined Court has undergone a major roof refurbishment, including the replacement of two large rooflights, during the ongoing lockdown periods of 2020.

Tom Bates of Lareine Engineering, discusses the project.

Wolverhampton’s Combined Courts Centre in the West Midlands, combines Crown Court and County Court functions in one large building housing three courtrooms, as well as public areas, interview rooms, offices and other related spaces.

An imposing concrete structure originally constructed over thirty years ago, the building occupies a prominent position close to Wolverhampton’s busy city centre and mainline railway station.

In 2019, a survey revealed that the waterproofing to the concrete roof was starting to fail and there was water ingress through the rooflights in some areas, causing internal damage and structural concerns.

Important sub-contractor requirements With a long and successful track record serving the legal sector, global construction group ISG was appointed as main contractor to carry out the work. Leading UK daylighting & ventilation specialist Lareine Engineering was sub-contracted to undertake the design and installation of new bespoke self-supporting rooflights with a total area of approximately 1,600m2.

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“With this type of project, compliance and working practices on-site are always paramount, so our choice of sub-contractor is extremely important.

Lareine Engineering brought huge experience of large public sector rooflighting projects and ticked all the boxes in terms of regulatory compliance”, said Dave Hurdiss, Project Manager for ISG.

Beneficial daylight for court attendees On entering the building, visitors walk into the ground floor of a large, three storey atrium, topped by a quadrantshaped rooflight with a radius of approximately 13m. This provides a high level of natural daylight, giving the area an open and tranquil feeling: a welcome benefit to court attendees who may be feeling anxious or nervous before taking part in court proceedings.

“On entering the building, visitors walk into the ground floor of a large, three storey atrium, topped by a quadrantshaped rooflight with a radius of approximately 13m”

Natural daylight has been proven in countless studies, to be a contributor to the health and wellbeing of building occupants.

Lighting to the courtrooms is supplemented by daylight from a single, 40m x 6m dual-pitched lantern type rooflight. Internal blinds have been incorporated in each of the

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REFURBISHMENT

Rooflighting to the reception atrium at Wolverhampton Combined Courts

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September/October 2020

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REFURBISHMENT “The new designs also feature glazing bars to Lareine’s own custom design which has been well proven in countless large scale rooflight projects all over the UK.”

Daylight plays an important role inside the courtrooms.

court rooms, to address a glare issue reported by court staff.

Doors to the vertical sides of the rooflight provide access from the roof to plant rooms situated between the courtrooms.

An evolved design Lareine Engineering produced bespoke designs which were largely in keeping with the existing rooflights, to maintain the original appearance of the building. However, the glass specification was upgraded to Class 1 non-fragile, to ensure improved

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September/October 2020

safety for personnel accessing the roof for maintenance. The acoustic performance of the main rooflight structure was also upgraded to provide improved sound quality inside the court rooms.

A further design upgrade involved the quadrant-shaped rooflight to the reception area which was re-designed to allow a wider gutter area surround, giving improved access for cleaning and maintenance.

The new designs all feature glazing bars to Lareine’s own custom design which has been well proven in

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REFURBISHMENT countless large scale rooflight projects all over the UK. These were powder coated to match the colours of the original rooflights.

ensured no noise nuisance to the court proceedings.

Covid-safe site work

Despite the additional complexity resulting from Covid-safe procedures, the rooflight replacement has now been successfully completed, with very minimal delays.

Site work commenced in late 2019, prior to the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, with a brief break in activity in early 2020 during the national lockdown period.

When the site was re-opened following the lockdown, new Covidsafe procedures were introduced, in addition to the already stringent safety and security measures demanded for a construction project in the legal sector.

The rooflight installation over the courts was carried out in phases, all on night shifts, under a sliding portable structure. In this way, two courts were always able to remain open whilst the rooflight area to the third was being worked on. The night work

A successful completion

At the time of writing, final works are progressing, with the new roof finish being applied and detailing works carried out.

Dave Hurdiss of ISG summed up: “The design and installation teams at Lareine Engineering have done a great job. We’ve relied on their professionalism and diligence, at what’s been a challenging time for the construction industry.”

For further information, visit: www.lareineengineering.com

A forty metre long rooflight delivers daylight to the courtrooms, with side access doors to plant rooms.

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September/October 2020

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SOLAR SHADING SYSTEMS

Sydney’s Darling Quarter project chooses UK Blind Specialist to create a unique tension blind system With 1.3 billion square metres of glazed facades now constructed each year, there is a global need for technical consultation on shading. UK Based shading consultants Guthrie Douglas have worked on some of the most prestigious buildings across the world. Providing tensioned blinds, which can precisely regulate heat, gain and glare whatever the angle or shape of the glazing. Often breaking new ground in terms of size and complexity.

The Darling Quarter precinct is a triumph of technology as the irregular curved design of the building ensures that no two facades are the same.

In total the buildings incorporate 55,000 square metres of office space designed in a campus-style formation to reactivate the precinct as a public space.

The dramatic atrium is one of the central design elements of the project. It not only forms a breathtaking feature, it is also integral in the project’s lighting, heating and cooling system. The atrium’s curved ceiling design incorporated shaped glass panels which required the solar control system to be carefully considered, designed and thoroughly tested before installation.

A unique tension blind system was needed which would retract precisely, preventing any fabric sagging or operation difficulties over the entire length. The TESS™200 system was chosen by contractors Horiso as the fabric openness allowed light filtration and minimised solar gain.

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A number of challenges were overcome in achieving a successfulinstallation for this project, including access to the façade at the equivalent of 8 storeys in height, a span of 56 metres and a pitch of 37 degrees. The blinds were engineered to follow the curve of the façade panels at 3.2m wide and 13m long, and programmed to respond to the changing daylight and other environmental conditions throughout the day.

“A unique tension blind system was needed which would retract precisely, preventing any fabric sagging or operation difficulties over the entire length.”

Guthrie Douglas have a team of specialist engineers with the sole focus of creating technical shading systems for extraordinary spaces.

Consulting and collaborating with designers and architects armed with a wealth of experience from previous global projects. If you have a challenging project which you would like to consult on, please contact Guthrie Douglas on projects@ guthriedouglas.com www.guthriedouglas.com

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SOLAR SHADING SYSTEMS

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September/October 2020

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LET LOOSE WITH GLASS

A rooflight can deliver optimal levels of daylight as well as being a stunning architectural feature. But how do you balance beauty, energy and comfort?

TESSTM rooflight blinds integrate seamlessly into their surroundings, removing restrictions on the size of your rooflight and keeping your customers cool.

In our CPD presentation we demonstrate how, with the correct analysis of your glass specification, you can reduce solar gain and control visible daylight into your building by selecting the appropriate fabric and designing in the right blind for the project.

DESIGN SOMETHING EXTRAORDINARY.

Contact us for more info, or to arrange a lunch and learn session at your offices

01926 310850 solar@guthriedouglas.com www.guthriedouglas.com

GLASS RECYCLING

Making glass again, and again, and again Paula Wilson, Operations Manager at Wrightstyle, reflects on glass recycling and the use of recycled glass in the UK’s construction industry

Now in its 17th year, National Recycle Week took place from the 21st to the 27th of September 2020.

This year, the theme was to thank the UK for continuing to recycle despite the challenges that COVID-19 has presented, under the banner ‘Together - We Recycle.’

plastic packaging, using cardboard or corrugated paper and, throughout the business, using more recyclable materials.

It’s an opportunity for us all, as companies or individuals, to reflect on our own disposal or recycling strategies.

It is a completely recyclable material. It also provides environmental benefits – from militating against climate change to husbanding scarce resources.

It’s certainly an issue that we take seriously at Wrightstyle, from using recycled paper to dedicated skips for any metal offcuts. Those go to a local authorised scrap metal merchant.

We are also working hard to cut down

Glass saves energy – either as insulation, or to generate electricity by incorporating photovoltaic cells. It is also resource efficient, being made from abundant raw materials (sand, limestone and soda ash).

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But for us, the other good news is that glass is the most sustainable of building materials.

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GLASS RECYCLING Importantly, glass waste (called cullets) is entirely recyclable.

It’s estimated that the UK produces some 750,000 tonnes of flat glass every year, mainly for the building industry.

Over 20% of new flat glass now comprises recycled glass. This saves energy, because the energy needed to melt glass is less than that required to melt the original raw materials.

Reusing glass also reduces the amount of waste going to landfill. A make, use and dispose strategy that is increasingly seen as wasteful, expensive and environmentally irresponsible.

Groups such as Glass for Europe continue to push for better waste management strategies. That’s important because, across Europe every year, well over one million tonnes of glass waste is produced from the

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September/October 2020

demolition or renovation of buildings.

The Resource Efficiency Roadmap sees the building sector as a key sector in terms of climate change and resource efficiency.

The EU Roadmap identifies recycling as an important part of the industry’s responsibilities to build a long-term competitive construction sector.

Let’s hope that the UK, as a former member of the bloc, continues to give the Roadmap due importance.

Across the building industry, we should be making buildings that can be demolished or renovated – and all their constituent parts recycled.

Not just some of their component parts, but everything.

In the glass industry, we’re getting there. www.wrightstyle.co.uk

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IMAGING www.daylightingmag.co.uk

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DAYLIGHTING ICONS The biggest: the best: the most awe-inspiring; the most outrageous; the most influential...

In this regular feature we indulge ourselves and our readers with images of daylighting projects throughout the years that simply deserve a double page photograph...

Apple Marina Bay Sands, Singapore Opened in 2020, Apple Marina Bay Sands creates a new distinctive presence on Singapore Bay. The 30-metrediameter structure is a fully glazed dome with a black glass base, complementing the sister pavilions through its scale and materiality.

The design is the result of a close collaboration between Apple’s design teams and the integrated engineering and design team at Foster + Partners.

David Summerfield, Foster + Partners said, “Apple Marina Bay Sands is all about the delicate interplay between transparency and shade.

The structure dissolves the boundary between the inside and outside, creating a minimal platform that floats gently in the water, looking out over the bay and the spectacular Singapore skyline.”

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DAYLIGHTING ICONS

edphi / Shutterstock.com

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@Daylighting_Mag

Twitterings Follow us for regular updates between issues... in the meantime, more highlights...

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DAYLIGHTING MAGAZINE

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DAYLIGHT IN EDUCATION HOW WELL-DAYLIT CLASSROOMS AFFECT PUPIL PERFORMANCE

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HEAT& GLARE • DAYLIGHTING IN SCHOOLS • LISTED BUILDINGS • ROOF SAFETY • FIRE SAFETY AND MORE

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