Issue 5 July/August 2017
DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY FOR BETTER BUILDINGS
IN THIS ISSUE:
Controlling heat & glare DAYLIGHTING AT HOME DAYLIGHTING IN FARMING DAYLIGHT & NEIGHBOURLY MATTERS AND MORE
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CONTENTS
REGULARS 05
Editor’s Comment
06
Industry News
10
New Projects
46
FEATURES
DAYLIGHTING is published by:
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Daylighting at Home • Daylighting: getting the balance right:
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• Light tubes: meeting a daylighting challenge – by Ian Bell of Daylight Delivery Systems
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• Case studies: two beautiful private homes
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Daylighting Icons
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The Great Glasshouse at the National Botanic Gardens of Wales
• Smart Glazing: the future of solar architecture – from a presentation by Ruth Kelly Waskett PhD 26
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Controlling Heat & Glare
• When clear glazing is not clear cut – by Xtralite:
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NARM Daylight Diary
• Let there be light, not heat & glare – by Andrew Kitching of Guthrie Douglas: 35
Updates from the UK’s influential trade association for rooflight manufacturers
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Mark Wilcox of Filon Products explains the advantages of translucent GRP rooflights in buildings housing livestock
Twitterings What’s trending on social media?
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Bennett & Partners Pure Offices Lake View House Tournament Fields Warwick CV34 6RG United Kingdom TEL: +44 (0)1295 770833 EDITOR Paul Bennett paul@daylightingmag.co.uk Tel: 01295 770833 Mobile: 07900 895110 AD SALES Miki Bennett adsales@bennettand partners.co.uk Tel: 01295 770833 DESIGN/PRODUCTION Jemma Pentney jemma@bennettand partners.co.uk Tel: 01295 770833 WEBSITE www.daylightingmag.co.uk
Daylighting in Farming
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Daylight & Neighbourly Matters
More about DAYLIGHTING Magazine
The last of three informative articles by Dan Tapscott looks into undertaking a Rights to Light analysis
Forthcoming features and information for advertisers & contributors
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Light Transmitting Materials A brief guide to the range of transparent and translucent glazing materials available with a comparison of properties
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Climate-Based Daylight Modelling Details of Loughborough University’s three-day course by CBDM innovator John Mardaljevic
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CIRCULATION Daylighting is available by email, free of charge to subscribers. Our database currently numbers over 6,000 UK architects, specifiers, contractors, consultants and roofing professionals. Full details are available on our website. www.daylightingmag.com
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted without the consent of the publisher. While every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of content, the publisher does not accept liability for errors. The views expressed by contributors are not necessarily those of the editor or publisher. This publication contains editorial photographs which may have been supplied and paid for by suppliers. Full terms and conditions can be found on our website. Front Cover: Guthrie Douglas designed and installed this bespoke shading solution at the famous Le Bon Marché Department Store in Paris. See Projects, page 11
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O U R S TA N D A R D I S S O M U C H M O R E T H A N S TA N D A R D A L L R O O F L I G H T S W I T H L A M I N AT E D I N N E R PA N E S A S S TA N D A R D Sunsquare Limited offer a range of Rooflights including solutions for fixed units, hinged opening with electrical opening mechanism, rooftop access and walk-on Rooflights. For more information telephone 01284 848 790, email sales@sunsquare.co.uk or visit www.sunsquare.co.uk The first and only Rooflight manufacturers to be BSI verified and awarded a Kitemark.
EDITOR’S COMMENT
‘Haves’ and ‘have-nots’... As we ‘go to press’ with our 5th issue, the government has announced an independent review has revealed that at least 82 residential high rise buildings use a combination of insulation and cladding that does not meet fire safety standards. The tests, which were ordered after the Grenfell Tower blaze, involved a large-scale fire test with the same combination of aluminium composite material (ACM) cladding and insulation used on the Grenfell Tower. The Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) said tests on a demonstration wall found the combination did not meet safety standards for preventing vertical fire spread, when subjected to a simulated blaze inside a flat.
Of the 82 blocks so far identified that use a similar combination, more than half are owned or maintained by local authorities to provide social housing for low-income families. The fall-out from Grenfell in terms of regulatory compliance or the lack of it or indeed the adequacy of the regulations themselves,
Issue 2 Jan/Feb 2017
DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY FOR BETTER BUILDINGS
Passivhaus DAYLIGHTING & HEALTH PATENT GLAZING NON-FRAGILITY GLAZING INNOVATION AND MORE
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will rumble on for decades. Whatever the reasons for the tragic loss of life in this disaster and whether or not a case will be made for corporate manslaughter, there is a fundamental lesson for all involved in the construction, maintenance and management of buildings. It may well be a sad fact that to a great extent there will always be the ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’ in this world. However, safety is a basic human right and there should be no ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ in this respect.
Paul Bennett paul@daylightingmag.co.uk
The time has really come to put the value of human life first and to adopt the principle that social housing must be safe, efficient, comfortable and yes: maybe just that little bit more expensive to build and maintain. Talking of ‘haves’ and ‘havenots’, the irony is not lost on me that much of the content in our domestic daylighting feature in this issue focuses on luxurious, high end properties. Daylighting in high density multiple occupancy residential buildings is on our features list for 2018.
Don’t forget, back issues are always available to read on-line at daylightingmag.co.uk Previous issues of DAYLIGHTING Magazine will be available on-line indefinitely. So you can refer back to old issues whenever you like. It’s also on our ‘to-do’ list to set up a features index, so if you can’t remember in which issue you read that fascinating feature about XYZ, you’ll be able to find it in a moment.
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INDUSTRY NEWS
New NBS Online Viewer for BIM projects The new NBS Online Viewer, powered by Autodesk Forge is said to make it quick and easy for everyone working on a project to view a 3D model and associated specification through a web browser without the need for additional software. NBS is encouraging all construction industry professionals to join them in the next phase of its development. NBS showed the global audience at Autodesk University London how, with just a web browser and a free NBS ID, projects are brought to life with linked manufacturer and specification data. “As part of our existing suite of integrated solutions, the NBS Online Viewer provides huge efficiency gains for designers, manufacturers, contractors and building owners / operators alike, by allowing everyone to be informed on a project regardless of technology barriers,” said NBS chief executive, Richard Waterhouse. He continued “By integrating the model and specification in the cloud, we will be providing a solution which provides and maintains critical data within the construction workflow and allows our customers to provide more value to their clients.” NBS has developed plug-ins for BIM design software for a number of years, allowing its customers to better coordinate their models and specifications. Presenting on the Autodesk
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Forge platform at the twoday conference, NBS director of research and innovation, Stephen Hamil, said: “The NBS Online Viewer development is in direct response from customers needing to be able to share and view coordinated design and specification information. “Being able to view and interrogate this information from the context of a 3D model will allow for better, earlier informed decision-making on projects, whilst providing the right content and information to the right people at the right time. “We encourage all those working on BIM projects to test drive the NBS Online Viewer. The public beta phase will be open for the next few months and from there we will determine how best to build the first release to market with the help of our customers.”
software. The model viewing technology used is part of the Autodesk Forge platform. “Autodesk Forge provides the building blocks for our own solutions as well as our partners’ future software offerings,” said Jim Quanci, senior director, Autodesk partner development. “We have developed a strong relationship with NBS and are delighted to see them using Forge to help shape the future of connected design and construction data,” he concluded. Autodesk University took place on June 21 and 22, themed ‘The Future of Making Things’ and was attended by a global community of designers, engineers, clients, contractors, manufacturers and providers of construction industry solutions. www.theNBS.com/viewer
The tool works by combining the Autodesk Revit or IFC model and NBS Create specification in the cloud without the need for the user to licence or install any
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INDUSTRY NEWS
#Don’t Goof on the Roof campaign aims to keep children off construction sites and derelict properties Following the recent death of a 14 year old boy who died falling through the fragile roof of a derelict factory, a new social media campaign has been launched by VPS Site Security. The campaign warns of the risks of playing on derelict buildings or empty construction sites this summer. The aim is to reduce the number of incidents of young people playing in and around or on the rooftops of building works or empty sites.
estimated to take risks every week trespassing on derelict buildings or empty construction sites. During the summer holidays, these sites attract children looking to explore and play in them, despite being full of hidden dangers such as collapsing roofs, incomplete staircases, broken glass window frames, and motor equipment.
VPS Site Security are seeking to get the message across to young people about the dangers of vacant sites being used as playgrounds, using the hashtag #DontGoofOnTheRoof.
The campaign is not just directed at young people, but also at owners and managers of sites, who have legal duties of care to protect people on the site from foreseeable harm. Anyone injured on a site, even if they are unauthorised trespassers, can sue the owners and managers for negligence and for responsibility for their injuries.
Over 3,000 young people are
www.vpsgroup.com
Innovators collaborate on roof safety Daylight Delivery Systems Limited, exclusive UK suppliers of the Solatube tubular daylighting system, has adopted the Filon Fixsafe system as its preferred installation solution for buildings with profiled roofs. A Filon GRP profiled roof sheet matching the roof profile, is cut to accept the Solatube dome glazing element. This is then installed onto the sheet with an insulated roof flashing, to create a weatherproof sub assembly. Using Filon’s Fixsafe system, the sheet can then be installed into the roof from below, so there is no requirement for operatives to risk their safety by gaining access onto the roof. The collaboration came about following initial contact between the companies resulting from recent artciles in DAYLIGHTING Magazine.
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Daylight Delivery Systems and Filon Products introduced their new roof safety partnership at London’s Facilities Show in June
www.filon.co.uk
www.solatube.co.uk
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INDUSTRY NEWS
More Green Register 2017/8 Passivhaus dates for your diary The Green Register and WARM are pleased to be working together to provide four half-day technical sessions on the Passivhaus principles in Londom and Bristol between October 2017 and February 2018. Although their full Passivhaus training is a fantastic way to gain an in-depth understanding of all aspects of Passivhaus design, some construction professionals may not have the time or resources to be able to attend the typical Passivhaus two week course. These afternoon sessions offer insight into all the main principles i.e. what makes a good low energy, comfortable building based on the Passivhaus standard. The training is ideal for architects and other design professionals as the focus in these
courses is on design principles. The sessions: • Fundamentals of Passivhaus • Construction for Passivhaus • Building Services for Passivhaus • Putting Passivhaus into Practice Each of these will be run by experts in the field who are actually successfully designing/ building Passivhaus in UK. Amongst others, Bill Butcher, Alan Clarke, Sally Godber, Nick Grant, Eric Parks, Marine Sanchez, Mark Siddall; and Passivhaus Certifiers Will South, Mike Roe and Peter Warm. Assisted by Passivhaus Designers Tom Dollard and Lucy Pedler. For dates and booking details, visit: www.greenregister.org.uk/events
Lareine Engineering extends ventilation range with high performance louvres UK Daylighting & Ventilation specialist Lareine Engineering is now able to offer the Innivate range of high performance Louvre Ventilators, to complement its existing range of ventilation products. Innivate offers a range including high performance double and triple bank louvres in a wide range of configurations – all of which will now be available in the UK through system design and installation specialist Lareine Engineering. Innivate products combine high efficiency with excellent aesthetics, as can be seen in the new ‘Beautiful
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Skin’ brochure, available from the Lareine Engineering website. This new move allows Lareine Engineering to provide tailored louvre ventilation solutions for virtually any kind of building - matching performance and function to building usage – and to meet regulatory compliance. The Innivate range complements Lareine Engineering’s own System 75 Louvre Ventilators, as well as the world-renowned Brakel line-up of ventilation products, for which Lareine Engineering is also a Certified Partner. www.lareineengineering.co.uk
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SPECIAL FEATURE
NEW ON-LINE SHOP
for polycarbonate glazing & accessories
• Next day delivery on stock items • Cut-to-size service • CNC router and laser cutting • Easy on-line ordering • Installation service available • Polycarbonate mirror cut to size and shapes Plastics in Construction, the West Country based polycarbonate canopies & glazing specialist, has opened a comprehensive new on-line shop supplying high quality polycarbonate glazing and installation systems. The new web shop complements the company’s exising nationwide design and install service for canopies, walkways, glazed cladding and rooflights. Plastics in Construction Director Ian Mackie, said: “The bulk of our business has always been sub-contracting work to main contractors, design & build, or direct for building owners. Recently we have identified a gap in the marketplace between traditional trade counter sales to smaller contractors or homeowners – and the type of turnkey projects we usually undertake.” He continued: “We offer non-specialist
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contractors the ability to build high quality glazed structures using proven integrated components and glazing – with the added benefit of technical support gained over 30 years working with polycarbonate sheet products.” The Plastics-in-Construction web shop offers: • Clear and tinted solid polycarbonate sheet
High quality glazing sheets in a range of sizes and thicknesses PLUS experienced technical support
• Clear and tinted multiwall polycarbonate sheet • Corrugated polycarbonate sheet • Glazing bars and valley bars * A complete range of fixings and accessories
www.plasticsinconstruction.co.uk/shop/ Telephone: 01395 561001 Jul/Aug 2017
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NEW PROJECTS Maylands Building, Hertfordshire The stunning Maylands Building has used Bespoke Walk-on Flat Glass Rooflights from JET Cox on its beautiful new roof terrace. Working closely alongside Galliford Try and Martin Edwards Architects, JET Cox designed and installed a bespoke Flat Glass Rooflight system, which comprises a total of 5 rooflights, both circular and rectangular, providing natural daylight into the main reception space below. www.jet-cox.co.uk
West Buckland Farm BBH Chartered Architects specified fourteen Bespoke Conservation RooflightsÂŽ for the refurbishment and transformation of a series of unusable barns at West Buckland Farm into a stunning family home. With strict planning regulations in place, BBH specified the Conservation RooflightÂŽ due to its minimal appearance to complement the internal and external styling of the barns. www. therooflightcompany. co.uk
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NEW PROJECTS Le Bon Marché, Paris Guthrie Douglas designed bespoke shading systems to complement the clean refurbishment style of the traditional roof lanterns on the historic Bon Marché Rive Gauche in Paris – considered to be the world’s first department store. Echoing the original 1852 design, the lanterns presented challenges in creating an effective shading solution. Guthrie Douglas delivered this elegant bespoke solution on time and on budget, just eight weeks after design sign-off www. guthriedouglas.com Great Portland Street, London Surespan recently completed works on large electrically driven sliding rooflights for this project in London. The sliding hatch featured 3 individual units, 2no. 4610 x 1955 electrically operated sliding roof lights in addition to a centrally fixed rooflight which spanned the same dimensions. The rooflights formed a single unit with the sliding doors either side of the fixed skylight. www.surespancovers. com
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NEW PROJECTS 17th C Barn restoration, Somerset Lumen rooflight provided a bespoke solution for this barn restoration project. The design needed to satisfy the Planning team from South Somerset District Council as the barn fell within the curtilage of the main Listed farmhouse. Therefore the rooflights were required to have a slender profile in order to sit in-line with the roof and remain inkeeping with the original character of the building. www.lumenrooflight. co.uk
Kilmarnock College, Ayrshire Lareine Engineering designed and installed this fully Self supporting north light with glazing to both sides. The installation features solar control glass and opening units for both smoke ventilation & natural ventilation. www. lareineengineering.com
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ROOFLIGHTS VERTICAL GLAZING NATURAL VENTILATION SMOKE VENTILATION LOUVRE SYSTEMS ACCESS SOLUTIONS
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With an experienced in-house design and specification department, plus our own teams of installers around the country, we are able to provide outstanding engineered daylighting and ventilation solutions for virtually any kind of project: new build or refurbishment. Our ‘concept to installation’ approach allows continuity and close quality control over every stage of every project, to deliver excellence – every time. Call us today to discuss how we can help to bring your next project to life.
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DAYLIGHTING AT HOME
Daylighting: getting the balance right for homes
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DAYLIGHTING AT HOME
NARM, the National Association of Rooflight Manufacturers, has published guidance on achieving appropriate daylight levels to support healthy lifestyles. The following article draws on NARM’s Technical Document NTD12 on daylighting in domestic properties.
There are many factors in life that affect our health, not least our lifestyles and the places in which we live and work, but even with the knowledge and technology available today, there is still a lack of consideration on the effects of the indoor environment on the human condition. There are many ways we can improve our health - exercise, diet and education to name but three - but as we spend up to 90% of our time indoors, we should pay just as much attention to the environment in which we live, rather than just the body in which we live. In addition, around 30% of all buildings do not contribute to good health and yet the indoor environment is discussed much less than the outdoor environment. If we could reduce the incidence of poor health by improving the environment around us, we not only reduce the burden on the health service, we improve our own quality of life. It is not just letting daylight in that is important, the view out is also a major factor to support well-being. In 1997 the Danish Building Research Institute conducted a study with over 1,800 people working in office buildings, asking questions to see how important windows were for the office workers. The ability ‘to be able to see out’ and ‘to see the weather’ were considered top priorities. Having a view allows one to tolerate a lot more
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Photo courtesy Sunsquare
discomforts in the internal environment than if you do not have a view. Roof windows at the simplest level provide that connection and give us constant and instant information about time, space and place. Types of daylight Daylight in buildings is composed of a mix – direct sunlight, diffused skylight and reflected light. An effective and optimised layout of rooflights or roof windows will not just allow the light into the home, but will also determine the type and amount of light. Direct light is characterised by very high intensity and constant movement. The illuminance produced on the surface of the Earth can reach as much as 120,000 lux. This light enters straight through the rooflight or roof window
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DAYLIGHTING AT HOME without any interference to provide a concentrated beam of light into a given space. Direct light will result in glare on very sunny days and will also create dark corners and shadows. Diffused skylight is characterised by sunlight scattered by the atmosphere and clouds resulting in a soft and diffuse light. This illuminance produced by an overcast sky can be as much as 10,000 lux. This light passes through the rooflight or roof window to provide a less bright but more even distribution of light into the space. Reflected light is characterised by light (sunlight and skylight) that is reflected from the ground, terrain, trees, vegetation, and neighbouring structures etc. The surface reflectance of the surroundings will influence the total amount of reflected light reaching the building faรงade. Daylight quality Daylighting should be designed to provide adequate light levels in the room and on the work plane so that daylight is the main or only source of light (autonomous) during daytime. Whilst there is little guidance on specific illumination levels in design, there is enough evidence in literature to indicate that illuminances in the range of 100 to 2500 lux are likely to result in significant reduction of electrical lighting usage in the home. The light variation within your field of view can influence visual comfort and performance. For good visibility, some degree of uniformity of light is desirable. Poor visibility and visual discomfort, such as glare, may occur if the eye is forced to adapt too quickly to a wide range of light levels. Too high or too low contrasts can also result in tiredness, headaches, discomfort etc. While specific guidelines for dwellings are not available, it is believed that luminance
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variations around 10:1 are suitable for daylighting design. Generally, the human eye can accept greater luminance variations when spaces are lit by daylight than when they are artificially lit. Until the late 1990s, lighting recommendations were based primarily on lighting needs for vision. In recent years, the lighting community has adopted a broader definition of lighting quality including human needs, architectural integration, and economic constraints.
Daylighting should be designed to provide adequate light levels in the room...so that daylight is the main/or only source of light during daytime.
Daylight factor By using appropriate daylight visualiser software at the design stage, it is possible to simulate the daylight conditions and check the Daylight Factor in a design before committing to a window layout. Daylight is an important consideration when designing any building, but is so often overlooked in the desire to achieve energy efficient homes. Daylight Factor is quite simply the ratio of interior illuminance at a given point on a given plane set 850mm above the floor, compared to the exterior illuminance and is measured in overcast conditions.
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DAYLIGHTING AT HOME being a well daylit room and the small additional glazed area to achieve 5% could have a big impact on the internal environment. But of course there will always have to be a balance between effective glazing area and optimum energy performance of a building. Most Building Regulations suggest that as a general guide, if the area of glazing is much less than 20% of the total floor area, some parts of the dwelling may experience poor levels of daylight, resulting in increased use of electric lighting. Regulations also tend to restrict the use of glazing in domestic properties to a ratio of 25% glazing to floor area, unless suitable calculations are provided to justify larger glazed areas. Looking at the figures on this diagram, an external measurement of 10,000 lux is taken and an internal measurement of 200 lux is taken. If we divide the internal by the external and multiply this by 100, it will give us a percentage. This refers to the Daylight Factor of the given room. In this example the Daylight Factor is 2%. Previous design guidelines such as the Code for Sustainable Homes required that in new build houses, kitchens should have a minimum daylight factor of 2%, whilst living areas and home offices should have a minimum daylight factor of 1.5%. There are no guidelines for bedrooms. As a comparison, research has shown that a 4% daylight factor is perceived as being a daylit room, with lighting levels that can enhance performance and productivity. Using this research, schools and other educational establishments now tend to design to a minimum 4% daylight factor. However, research also shows that a 5% daylight factor is perceived as
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Research also shows that a 5% daylight factor is perceived as being a well daylit room and the small additional glazed area to achieve 5% could have a big impact on the internal environment.
It is therefore recommended that wherever possible, the glazing to floor area ratio should be between 20% and 25% in order to satisfy both the recommendations and the restrictions of the Building Regulations whilst providing the maximum amount of natural daylight without compromising the energy efficiency of the home The following guidelines should be considered when designing for daylight factors in housing: 1% DF - should never be acceptable 2% DF - room can look gloomy 3% DF - room may still need artificial light 4% DF - is considered daylit 5% DF - is considered well daylit In addition to the daylight factor, it is recommended that there should always be a minimum level of 300lux for 75% of the room area and 500lux where regular tasks are performed such as cooking or studying.
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DAYLIGHTING AT HOME Rooflights for domestic properties
the outset.
Rooflights and roof windows can let in up to twice as much light than a conventional vertical window and up to 3 times as much light as a dormer window because the glazing is pointing directly at the light source with very little diffused or reflected light.
However, when a new extension is built, this usually means that natural daylight has further to penetrate into the house as the vertical windows are moved further away. All too often, the original room becomes dark and gloomy and even on the brightest days it means that electric lights have to be switched on.
Consequently, rooflights and roof windows can supply a great deal more daylight into the heart of the home thereby illuminating areas that might otherwise be quite dark. How light can affect home design
By using rooflights and roof windows you can bring daylight deeper into the living space, which makes the whole room feel brighter, larger and more welcoming.
When planning a project, there are many things to consider to make the finished product all you want it to be. For example, if planning an extension, the design approach could well be influenced by what the space is to be used for and what views are available.
The orientation of the house may also determine the type of extension, how the roof pitches to maximise daylight provision and even the use of the space if only north light is available
However, daylight provides the opportunity to create something special and unique, whatever the space is used for and to a large extent, whatever the orientation of the new building will be.
Further information about daylighting in domestic properties, including energy efficiency, security and aesthetic considerations, can be found on the NARM website:
With a new build house, including daylight into the design process provides the opportunity to optimise the window layouts and maximise the benefits that natural daylight brings at
By using rooflights and roof windows on a new extension you can allow daylight to penetrate to existing rooms which may otherwise have become gloomy.
Other considerations
www.narm.org.uk The full version of this article is available to read here: http://www. narm.org.uk/uploads/pdfs/NARM_ NTD12.pdf
New Extension
Existing room becomes gloomy
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Daylight has further to penetrate into the house
Jul/Aug 2017
Rooflights and roof windows bring daylight deeper into the living space, which makes the whole room feel brighter, larger and more welcoming.
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DAYLIGHTING AT HOME
The B e n e fi t o f Experience Why do our roof windows stand the test of time? Because over twenty years’ knowledge, testing and design skill goes into every one.
Find out more about our Conservation Rooflight®, neo™ and Bespoke Design Service. 01993 833108 www.therooflightcompany.co.uk
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DAYLIGHTING AT HOME
Light tubes meet homeowner’s daylighting challenge Ian Bell of Daylight Delivery Systems explains how tubular daylighting systems can transform previously gloomy living spaces.
Above: Before the new kitchen was installed, the space was dark and gloomy, with only a small window providing daylight.
Left: The new kitchen is flooded with daylight delivered by high efficiency tubular daylighting systems.
The owners of this property were looking to completely redesign their kitchen to a newer, and more modern, spacious design. One of the issues the kitchen-dining space faced before the redesign took place was the lack of natural daylight. The dining area was already exposed to natural daylight thanks to a set of large patio doors. However, the kitchen side of the room had only one small window through which daylight could enter. This meant that during the daytime, the kitchen was dark and electrical lighting was having to be left on – an issue that the homeowner wished to resolve. The solution The kitchen designer recommended tubular daylighting systems as a
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solution to the kitchen’s daylighting needs. An intial survey revealed that just two high efficiency daylight tubes would be sufficient to provide adequate daylight levels to avoid the need for lights to be switched on during the day. However, the homeowers went for the ‘wow factor’ and a total of five units were installed into the kitchen. The homeowners were so pleased with the results that a further two systems were then installed into a previously dark hallway. “We actually went for more tubes than we were advised to go for and we were pleased we did that, because the extra light was well worth the extra cost” said Mr. T of Buckinghamshire. www.solatube.co.uk
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ADVERTORIAL
Letting the outside in An imaginative extension transformed this 1970s house, creating a new open plan kitchen and dining area at the rear of the property.
VELUX Modular Skylights were positioned to bring more daylight into the deep plan extension – and this has been so successful that the client no longer needs to turn on the lights during summer evenings. The unique modular system was pre-assembled, making installation a straightforward task. The design also ingeniously hides the opening mechanism, which is simple to use thanks to the remote control programme. As well as providing fresh air whenever needed, the client enjoys peace of mind knowing that it can close automatically at a predetermined time or whenever it starts to rain. Products installed • 1 bank of Longlight, 5° pitch - 3 fixed modules with 10 pane, module size 800mm x 1400mm • 2 HVC INTEGRA vented module with 10 pane, module size 800mm x 1400mm • BCX vapour barrier connection • 2 KLR 200 and 1 KLA wind and rain sensor If you’d like more information about bringing your extension to life and creating a light and spacious feel with VELUX Modular Skylights, please call 01592 778941 or visit velux.co.uk/domesticmodularskylight
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“ It’s so nice to have so much natural light in our kitchen thanks to the VELUX Modular Skylights. Now it feels such a pleasure to cook, as our centre island sits directly below the roof light, and it’s a focal point throughout the day. On grey days – which is almost every day in winter – this is the lightest room in the house. We really enjoy spending time preparing food and eating in such lovely surroundings.” Matthew Balaam RIBA, Client and architect
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DAYLIGHTING AT HOME
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Jul/Aug 2017
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ADVERTORIAL
Boxed rooflight specified for Lancaster water tower conversion
Situated within the converted water tower of the former Lancaster Moor Hospital, Glazing Vision’s 3 wall box rooflight was key to unlocking the spectacular views from the apartment. Located just outside Lancaster and close to the Forest of Bowland, this is a designated area of natural beauty. The former asylum has been transformed as part of a multi-million
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pound housing development by the PJ Livesey Group, and was shortlisted for the LABC NW Building Excellence Awards 2016.
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DAYLIGHTING AT HOME Restoring Gothic architecture for contemporary living space Once described by the writer Alan Bennett as a “gaunt grey penitentiary” due to its Gothic exterior, this huge behemoth of a quadrangular stone building had lain empty since 2000. Three million pounds of investment for essential infrastructure work had already been made by the NW Homes & Communities Agency, who, working alongside English Heritage and Lancaster City Council, had been keen to unlock the buildings’ potential and add to the much needed local housing stock. Manchester based PJ Livesey Group acquired the site from the HCA and successfully presented its Residence scheme to convert the Grade II Listed Building, as well as nearby Campbell House, into an attractive mix of carefully converted mews homes and modern apartments, finished to the highest specification. A roof terrace was an integral element of the design of the planned water tower luxury apartment, located above the imposing main entrance. This was crucial to capitalize on the panoramic views of the Fells of Bowland and Morecambe Bay, whilst also providing a generous amount of outdoor living space. However the existing roof was deemed to be too high to offer safe barrier height for the intended roof terrace, in relation to the parapet walls. Glass box rooflight solution for terrace access and aesthetics Initially, a hinged Glazing Vision Skydoor rooflight was specified before the box rooflight was chosen. This was seen as offering superior head height and removed the requirement for installing a balustrade around the opening.
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The rooflight was fixed onto three walls and as such was enclosed within the existing fabric. No additional balustrading was required and the minimal structural framework of the box rooflight, supplied in a timeless powder-coated grey, guaranteed full use of the sizeable roof terrace and a seamless integration of the exterior and the interior. The retractable glazed section, which slides over the fixed section of glass, is operated at the touch of a button. This provides a clear 50% opening and sufficient head height for easy access. The secure manual override also detects movement during the open/close operation to provide the all-important safety features. An access key pad offers an additional benefit to the resident with regards to comfort and security. The large glazed sections of the box roof light ensure that the interior is flooded with natural light during the day. The streamlined structure of the box rooflight externally ensures that the resident can enjoy unparalleled daytime views from this attractive roof terrace, over the fells, coastline and later can marvel at the night sky. Recognition for the Lancaster Moor project For PJ Livesey, their sensitive conversion of the Water Tower and development of the Residence at Lancaster Moor were recognized at the inaugural NW Insider Residential Property Awards in 2016 – they were named Bespoke & Urban Developer of the Year. Find out more about specifying box rooflights for your next project by requesting a RIBA-approved CPD at glazingvision.co.uk/request-cpd www.glazingvision.co.uk
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CONTROLLING HEAT & GLARE
Smart Glazing: The Future of Glass Architecture? By Paul Bennett, based on a presentation By Ruth Kelly Waskett PhD CEng MCIBSE FSLL, De Montfort University, Leicester. The term ‘smart glazing’ has entered the architectural lexicon over the last few years and can be applied to a variety of glazing materials glazing whose properties are altered by the application of an external stimuli, such as voltage, heat or light. Often, this manifests as an increase or decrease in the visible transparency and/or light transmitting capability of the glass. There is a wide choice of technologies available, offering varying degrees of performance and functionality. In this brief article I’ll be comparing some of the options and looking at the potential for smart glazing in architecture. The potential of smart glazing The concept of smart glazing simply allows the benefits of glazed facades and roofs to be realised without the potential pitfalls. In other words: increased daylight levels, improved aesthetics, views and connection with
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the outside world – without glare, unwanted temperature increases or the need for shading or blinds. This in turn means potential savings resulting from reduced lighting and air conditioning loads as well as avoiding the need for obstructive elements which may rely on moving parts requiring maintenance and upkeep. Types of smart glazing There are a number of different ways in which glazing materials can be made responsive to external factors. As the name suggests, electrochromic glass changes light transmission in response to changes in voltage. Photochromic glass responds to changes in ambient light levels - this technology has been used for many years in spectacle lenses. Thermochromic glazing responds to differences in temperature. Gasochromic glazing changes its transmittance by adding hydrogen or oxgygen to the airspace between two panes of glass, one of which has a thin
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CONTROLLING HEAT & GLARE Comparison between smart glazing technologies
tungsten film applied to its surface, which can be electrically charged to create a colour change in the gas. Other technologies include liquid crystal, suspended particle and micromechanical - each offering differing characteristics. The table above provides a comparison of the key desirable characteristics of currently available smart glazing technologies. These are: • Low Tvis in the fully tinted state (around 1%) • High Tvis in the un-tinted state (min 60%) • Short transition time when needed • Automatic and manual control • Clarity of view is preserved when tinted • Acceptable colour when tinted The De Montfort EC Glazing Study A recent study of Electrochromic (EC) glazing carried out by Kelly Waskett and colleagues at De Montfort University, has helped us to gain a clearer picture of the practical application of smart glazing in a real-
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life situation. Carried out over a twelve month period, the study focused on user needs and experience - and the practicalities of retrofitting the glazing. Data was collected over the period using various methods: User reports at daily, monthly and quarterly intervals; window control system data; HDR (High Dynamic Range) imaging; facade sensors; and a field diary.
The concept of smart glazing simply allows the benefits of glazed facades and roofs to be realised without the potential pitfalls.
Two office rooms in a De Montfort University campus building, were chosen as a site for the glazing retrofit and subsequent study. The rooms were occupied by administrative support staff, and had large south east facing windows, which were in poor condition and experienced high levels of solar irradiation throughout the year, and regular solar penetration during the mornings. This was evidenced by the fact that blinds in these offices were often partly or fully closed. The existing windows were replaced with EC windows in August 2012 – the first commercial installation of EC glazing in the UK. The two offices spanned three of the building’s original windows, so that each had one and a half windows.
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CONTROLLING HEAT & GLARE Electrochromic (EC) glazing
updated version that has a lower full tint transmittance). The glazing can be controlled automatically or manually using wall switches mounted adjacent to the windows.
The photographs show the interior of the offices before and after the retrofit. In the “after” photographs, the upper window panes are tinted, and it can be seen that the glass takes on a blue colour when tinted. The visible transmittance of the glazing used in this study varied from 62% in the fully un-tinted state to 2% in the fully tinted state, with two intermediate states – 20% and 6%. (The manufacturer has since introduced an
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The glazing normally takes between two and three minutes to complete a state change, but it can take up to 10 minutes if ambient temperatures are low and for larger areas of glass. Given that the performance and effectiveness of EC windows in this setting was as yet unknown, it was decided that window blinds should still be available to occupants after the EC window retrofit. Therefore, blackout roller blinds were provided on all windows, and blind usage was monitored in addition to EC manual controls use. At the same time as the window retrofit, the electric lighting system was upgraded to a daylight-linked system, in order to fully realise the anticipated electrical lighting energy savings. Once the windows were installed, occupants were briefed about the main features of their new windows, and given instructions about how to use the manual controls. In addition, instructions were mounted on the wall adjacent to the windows in both rooms.
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CONTROLLING HEAT & GLARE
Reaction of room occupants Despite many physical similarities between the two rooms, their occupants reacted quite differently to the retrofitted EC windows. This is not surprising when considering the subjective nature of visual discomfort. However, it is instructive to examine the possible factors that may have contributed to the differing experiences of the occupants in this study, and thus the effectiveness of the EC glazing in providing comfortable conditions. In room A, participants were generally positive about the EC glazing, indicating that they rarely used the blinds and used the EC window controls because they had faith that it would address their visual discomfort. In contrast, participants from room B indicated that they did not fully trust the EC windows to provide comfortable conditions, and that they had a preference for using the blinds, which they viewed as more reliable and instantaneous. Factors to consider There are some crucial differences in how the two rooms are laid out, making the occupants of room B more susceptible to visual discomfort from direct sun (in their eyes or on their screens) in their normal seated positions. In this context, the non-instantaneous response of the windows was likely to be less acceptable for these occupants. It should also be considered that occupants who can easily change their viewing direction in response to glare may be able to tolerate conditions that would otherwise result in the deployment of shading.
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Therefore, furniture layout should be a priority when considering how to obtain maximum benefit from EC glazing. In a retrofit, such as this, a change to the established furniture layout may be undesirable. However, given the potential impact this can have on the successful implementation of the technology, it should always be considered and carefully implemented in consultation with occupants. The differences in experience between the two rooms may also be linked to the differences in general attitude towards new technologies among the occupants. For example, some participants from room B used terms such as“unnatural” to describe the EC windows, and indicated that they felt that traditional windows and blinds were “normal”. In contrast, participant A1 used the term “modern” to describe the windows, in the context of a positive comment about them, indicating a willingness to engage with new technology in her workspace.
Despite many physical similarities between the two rooms, their occupants reacted quite differently to the retrofitted EC windows. This is not surprising when considering the subjective nature of visual discomfort.
In summary, it should be taken into consideration that the success of an EC glazing installation will to some extent be dependant on factors outside the technical installation itself. Room layout, control considerations and most importantly, clear explanation of the technology and its potential benefits to room occupants.
Acknowledgements The EC windows and associated technical support were provided by SAGE Electrochromics Inc., part of Saint-Gobain.
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The Heat is Off: Regulating temperature and glare in Commercial, Educational and Industrial buildings Climate change is set to impact all our lives over the coming years. Average UK temperatures have risen 1°C in the past century and projections suggest that they could increase further - by as much as 2°C in the south of England - by the 2040s1. In addition, longer and hotter heatwaves, such as the one Britain experienced this June, are expected to become the norm. Whilst this may seem like good news for avid sunseekers and barbeque enthusiasts, it also poses serious safety and design issues within the built environment – particularly for buildings with extensive top lighting. The Issue
The Solution
Typically, in an industrial building, warehouse or distribution centre, a large area of roof space – often between 15% and 20% - is utilised for providing daylighting. This approach allows improved light distribution and far greater light transmission than a comparable area of wall glazing2, creating a lighter, healthier working environment. By reducing artificial lighting requirements, it can also minimise both energy costs and carbon emissions. The one drawback with this approach is that it can lead to substantial solar gains and overheating within the internal space.
Kingspan Day-Lite Kapture has been specially developed to resolve these issues. The triple-glazed product is manufactured using an advanced, nano-prismatic material, allowing 100% light diffusion and exceptional visual light transmission of between 81% and 83%. The glazing is UV resistant and its nano-prismatic composition eliminates glare and therefore hot spots, reducing heat gains in buildings. It is available in Solar Heat Gain options of 0.45G or lower, to suit any application.
The orientation and location of most workplace rooflights makes it more challenging to shade them with passive measures such as those used for conventional windows and curtain walling. Furthermore, the materials used within many rooflights (typically GRP) have poor levels of light diffusion. This not only increases the area of daylighting required to effectively light a building, but can also lead to intense heat, hot spots and glare in the workspace - creating excessive internal high temperatures. Whilst at present, there is no legal maximum working temperature limit within the UK, several studies have shown that excessive heat within buildings can seriously impact productivity3. The Charted Institute for Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) recommends comfortable working temperatures of between 13°C and 24°C depending on the level of physical activity4. For buildings clad with conventional roof lighting, maintaining temperatures within this comfortable range can lead to a reliance on air conditioning. Over time, this can greatly increase running costs, particularly within large facilities. Owners looking to avoid these costs are faced a difficult choice of either limiting roof lighting levels - running the risk of noncompliance with daylighting requirements and increasing artificial lighting costs - or simply allowing buildings to overheat with the potential health risks this can pose.
The carefully contoured, convex profile of Kingspan Day-Lite Kapture captures significantly more light at low sun angles than conventional top lighting. As such, the product can meet the light levels required in any building for more hours than standard polycarbonate or GRP rooflights. This can help to limit both artificial lighting requirements and long-term running costs, particularly during the winter period. The combination of outstanding light diffusion and capture provided by Kingspan Day-Lite Kapture also means considerably less roof space is needed to deliver an effective level of daylighting, allowing the building to comply with new European daylighting guidelines (prEN 17037:2016) or to achieve credits under the Hea 01 - Visual Comfort section of BREEAM. By limiting the area of the roof used for daylighting, installation complexity is reduced and the overall thermal performance of the roof surface is improved – helping to also limit heat loss during the cooler months. The rooflight units are supplied pre-glazed, ready for installation in to a prefabricated kerb - allowing a simple, fast-track installation programme. The frame also includes an integral condensation and drainage gutter. This allows interior moisture to be drained to the outside of the building, helping to avoid issues associated with condensation build-up.
Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy - Climate Change Explained (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/climate-change-explained) National Association of Rooflight Manufacturers - Technical Document NTD01.2 (http://www.narm.org.uk/uploads /pdfs /NARM_NTD01.2.pdf) CIBSE Journal - In Control: Thermal Comfort and Productivity (http://www.cibsejournal.com/case-studies /in-control-thermal-comfort-and-productivity/ ) 4 CIBSE Guide A: Environmental Design 2015 1
2
3
Visual comfort Regulating temperature
Under Control Where roof daylighting is concerned, meeting the requirements of the Building Regulations and delivering a productive working environment requires designers to carefully balance a large number of considerations. Kingspan Day-Lite Kapture can provide a simple answer – eliminating glare, limiting solar gains and improving light transference and diffusion. This combination can enable significant long-term cost savings whilst creating a safe and comfortable working
Kingspan Day-Lite Kapture Air With the same daylighting technology features a motorised actuator to provide daily ventilation and thermal comfort. Additional optional features include automatic rain and wind closing sensors, carbon dioxide detectors, black-out blinds for presentations as well as smoke safety opening.
environment.
Learn More
Contact us on: Tel: +353 (0) 42 96 98 500 Email: info@kingspanlightandair.com www.kingspanlightandair.com
ADVERTORIAL
When clear glazing is not clear cut Rooflight manufacturer Xtralite is challenging the specification of clear glazing in applications such as workplaces and educational establishments
“The demands on a modern day classroom or workplace have increased considerably as appreciation of building design continues to evolve,” Clear glazing has been most commonly specified in rooflight solutions over the years and has, in the main, fulfilled the requirements of installers and end users. However, as technological advancements have been made and awareness has increased as to the impact buildings have on the wellbeing of their users, rooflight manufacturer Xtralite is challenging the specification in applications such as workplaces and educational establishments where lighting can influence, positively and negatively, behaviours and wellbeing of building users such as concentration and vision. “The demands on a modern day classroom or workplace have increased considerably as
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appreciation of building design continues to evolve,” said Jim Lowther sales director Xtralite. “Installing clear glazing above work stations , desks or any other areas can create massive contrasts between light and dark , resulting in glare from the work surface. Diffused glazing will distribute better quality light across the room resulting in a more comfortable, and consequently productive, environment.” The benefits of natural light on wellbeing are far reaching and as such it is important that natural light opportunities are maximised in educational and work places establishments. It has been proven to boost serotonin levels (the happy hormone) and also aid concentration enhancing productivity. The National
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CONTROLLING HEAT & GLARE Association of Rooflight Manufacturers (NARM) supports the need for natural daylight in buildings and this is reinforced by an American study which found that workers who received natural daylight enjoyed increased performance levels at work and also slept on average an extra 46 minutes per night compared with workers who were not exposed to any natural light at all. With this in mind natural lighting and glazing specifications within building design should be given prime consideration to ensure rooflights are installed that negate any potential ‘hot spots’ and diffuse light across the room setting. It is of course possible to specify the full range of glazing mediums and
provide consistant light across the work space. Xtralite can provide Glass Polycarbonate and Lumira Technology installed in either their structural glazing systems or modular rooflights. Safety also remains of paramount importance as Xtralite’s policy of only using a laminated inner pane of glass, which can be tinted or coloured if required, reduces the risk of glass falling into the building should the outer pane shatter, from impact or heat stress. Jim concluded; “We actively encourage this type of specification so that building users across commercial and domestic settings reap the benefits of natural light without compromise.” www.xtralite.co.uk
X-TWO from Xtralite The next generation rooflight
X-TWO sets a new standard in PVCu rooflights, featuring innovative interlocking and interchangeable kerbs that can be raised or lowered to any depth. The unique construction used on X-TWO offers a flexible solution with a host of Xtra benefits: Triple glazed with Ud value of 1.6 W/M2.K Reduced risk of cold bridging & condensation Unique mounting systems for easier attachment and installation Up to 40% more light transmission with vertical kerb option
Increased ventilation levels Easy opening and ventilation control Available in either polycarbonate or glass Four glazing colour options available Enhanced security options 20 year insurance backed guarantee
X-TWO is offered as a bespoke construction product with a wide range of shapes and sizes available in manual or electrically operated systems.
Get in touch for a fully comprehensive site survey & technical advice.
Call us: Or visit:
01670 354 157 xtralite.co.uk
LET LOOSE WITH GLASS
Natural light is the ultimate building material – providing warmth, energy, even soul. Our tensioned shading systems filter light to control heat and glare, giving you the freedom to specify glass roofs without limits. DESIGN SOMETHING EXTRAORDINARY.
01926 310850 solar@guthriedouglas.com www.guthriedouglas.com
CONTROLLING HEAT & GLARE
Let there be light, not heat and glare Andrew Kitching of Guthrie Douglas outlines how tensioned fabric shading systems, integrated with skylights and rooflights, give specifiers the freedom to maximise natural daylight without the risk of solar overheating and glare. In just 50 years, we have moved from spending 90% of our waking hours outside, to spending 90% inside. World Green Building Council research has shown the dramatic impact that natural daylight and views to the outdoors have on human behaviour and productivity. A connection to the outdoors makes us healthier, helps us work better, and makes us happier.1
construction of a specific building. The g-value, or total solar energy transmittance, is calculated from a number of factors, including direct transmittance, reflectance, and absorptance, illustrated simply in Figure 1 below.
The environmental benefits of natural daylight in buildings are also backed up by numerous weighty academic studies, and thanks to the work of organisations such as NARM and ESSO2, decision makers on future building regulations and standards are beginning to take note. This makes it more important than ever to present a clear message on how the negative effects of daylight can be mitigated, without limiting the size, shape or location of glazing structures. Heat and glare control The interaction of light with a glass surface is a complex area of study, and one that the glazing and shading industries are constantly examining. Advanced building physics modelling systems can now simulate the effect of solar radiation and energy flows on internal environments, examining variables such as solar angle (dependent on geographic location and time of year), glazing type, shading system, and the aspect and
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Figure 1
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ADVERTORIAL While much has been made by the glazing industry of the g-values that can be achieved with various types of glass, it is perhaps less well known that correctly specified fabric shading can achieve a g-value as low as 0.02 for all types of glazing. This means that the required environmental performance levels can be delivered while also reducing the overall project cost, as more expensive glazing options are often not needed, and allowing the best quality of light to enter the building. Glare is another important consideration, which at its worst can make conditions impossible to live and work in. Dynamic shading systems regulate brightness, to maximize natural daylight while reducing contrasts. Tensioned roller systems can operate bottom up or at an angle, and be partially deployed to precisely control both reflected and direct glare. Double roller systems with a variety of fabric types (eg. a 3% screen combined with a blackout fabric) can offer multiple brightness levels with a single system. Energy savings
a well-used space. Collaboration with engineers and product manufacturers early in the design process results in integrated shading systems that work seamlessly with their surroundings, harnessing the power of light and shade as positive architectural features, rather than restrictions or problems to be overcome later. Tensioned fabric systems combine all the benefits of a standard fabric roller blind with the versatility to work at any angle, and can be shaped or curved to follow the profile of the glazing structure. They can span huge areas, up to 100m2, with a single piece of fabric. Discrete mechanisms ensure views are clear when sun protection is not needed, and can be completely recessed when necessary to maintain a ‘clean’ look and feel. The flexibility and strength of glass inspires spectacular forms and amazing spaces, but it also demands that design teams balance beauty, energy, comfort and commercial success. For horizontal and angled glass, a tensioned fabric system can help to achieve the right balance.
Flexible light and heat control means significant energy savings because the need for artificial cooling, lighting and even heating is reduced.
Andrew Kitching
The biggest single area of savings is air conditioning, where blinds can help achieve energy savings of over 70%. Savings are also significant for lighting costs, with a recent case study in Switzerland demonstrating energy savings of 35%. In both cases, automation and synchronization of shading and lighting systems are important, because they are rarely managed well if controlled manually.
www.guthriedouglas.com
Any angle, any direction, anywhere Planning shade for rooflights is crucial in converting an architectural idea into
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Discrete mechanisms ensure views are clear when sun protection is not needed, and can be completely recessed when necessary to maintain a ‘clean’ look and feel.
Managing Director, Guthrie Douglas Group
1
A Business Case for Green Building, WGBC report 2013 2
National Association of Rooflight Manufacturers, European Solar Shading Organisation 3
How to integrate solar shading in sustainable buildings, REHVA Guidebook No. 12, 2010 4
A New Vision on Solar Shading, ESSO position paper 2015 5
Smart Lighting by Somfy & Phillips, IES 2016
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CONTROLLING HEAT & GLARE
Bottom-up tension shades for a commercial office atrium
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ADVERTORIAL
Kalwall® and Reduced Glare Kalwall®, developed and manufactured in the USA for over 60 years, is a highly insulating, diffuse light transmitting building panel system for walls and roofs.
Kalwall®, by its very nature, is an insulating product and can help architects, specifiers and designers comply with Part L and other energy efficiency requirements. Another key feature which makes it a popular choice for specifiers is its ability to enhance daylight and distribute it internally without shadows, glare and hotspots. It eliminates the need for blinds and curtains or external solar control while evenly diffusing Museum-Quality Daylighting™ into the interior to create a calming and attractive ambience, even on cloudy days. Kalwall’s unique composition diffuses light so efficiently that even direct
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sunlight is converted into evenlydistributed daylighting. Panels can be selected to transmit various percentages of light according to individual project requirements. Using our free daylight modelling service, we help architects and designers achieve the desired lux levels within a space. Furthermore, it also has the ability to transmit these large amounts of usable light with a relatively low levels of solar heat gain. Less radiant energy transmitted, coupled with diffusion, does away with the hot spots which are so common to other light transmitting materials.
Kalwall’s unique composition diffuses light so efficiently that even direct sunlight is converted into evenly-distributed daylighting.
The broad diffusion of light over a large area reduces the need for
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CONTROLLING HEAT & GLARE sunblinds, shades and louvres. The resulting illumination gives a soft restful light in work areas as well as leisure environments. This lighting environment prevents eyestrain, increases efficiency and saves energy while at night the Kalwall will glow softly presenting a striking external appearance. In areas where glare can be an issue, Kalwall is often specified to eradicate problems associated with other options. Kalwall is a good choice for specifiers for a wide range of applications. For example, it’s used for lighting the interior of museums and negating the risk of direct sunlight onto paints and objects. It’s also frequently specified in office environments to create restful light in work areas, to keep glare off computer screens and rooms free from sharp shadows and contrast.
It’s particularly popular in the sports and leisure sectors and commonly used around swimming pools and sports halls. Glare on a swimming pool surface is a common concern with dazzling rippled sunlight bouncing off the surface which can cause discomfort to swimmers. In addition it can be a serious safety concern as lifeguards can struggle to see swimmers should they be in need of assistance. In sports halls, it’s important that there is an even distribution of light so that players can distinguish markings on the floor as well as easily spotting balls and shuttlecocks etc. Kalwall is highly resistant to impact making it excellent for use in schools, pools, gymnasia, offices and other public buildings. www.structura-uk.com/kalwall
Glare Pattern Analysis Kalwall offers a free Glare Pattern analysis. This tool calculates luminance (measurement of glare) within a space. It is used to analyse glare, which is important to know in many situations, such as in sports halls and swimming pools. These are two examples of glare pattern analysis. Glare is measured in luminance cd/m2. Any reading of direct sunlight over 3,000 cd/m2 can be considered glare and may cause discomfort and safety concerns.
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DAYLIGHTING IN FARMING
Insulating GRP rooflights create the perfect cool conditions for livestock Mark Wilcox of Filon Products explains the advantages of translucent GRP rooflights in buildings housing livestock. Over 300m2 of double skin GRP FAIRs (Factory Assembled Insulating Rooflights) have been installed on a new, high technology cow shed with integral milking parlour units at Knott Oak Dairy Farm in Ilminster, Somerset. The installation is part of Dillington Estates’ £2.5 million investment in an advanced robotic milking facility in which the cows are free to move around the shed and access milking robots when they wish – not at specific times. This ‘free cow traffic’ approach provides improved quality and yield from the dairy, as well as excellent animal wellbeing. Maintaining appropriate conditions for the cows inside the building also plays an important part in animal welfare and productivity. GRP rooflights are well known for providing outstanding light diffusion and distribution, thereby eliminating solar overheating which can create unhealthy and uncomfortable conditions for cows. In this application, the specification of FAIRs double skin insulating rooflights has further helped to maintain appropriate light levels with a consistently cool temperature inside the shed – with minimal requirement for auxiliary electric lighting. The FAIRS concept was originally developed to retain heat and save energy in large, deep plan factories and sheds. However, this application demonstrates that the insulating design is equally applicable to maintaining the
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cool internal temperatures required in farming and food processing applications. Farm Manager, Chris Wilson, said: “You can feel a distinct drop in the temperature when you walk into the shed and the diffused lighting creates a calm atmosphere that’s pleasant to work in and perfect for the cows.” FAIRs can be configured to provide the ideal solution for rooflighting in any profiled roof and the central core can be adapted to provide the level of insulation required. U-values as low as 0.9 W/m2K can be achieved and fire grades of liners and weather sheets can be produced to suit specific site or client requirements.
www.filon.co.uk
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Innovative upgrade & refurbishment solutions for profiled fibre cement or metal roofs & cladding
Upgrade your rooflights and reduce your operating costs by up to
33%
Filon FAIR Factory Assembled Insulating Rooflight
Recent independent research by Elmhust Energy*, demonstrates that improvements to rooflights and lighting controls can bring huge savings in energy and emissions. In one typical example, a large retail DIY store, total carbon emissions could be reduced by 29% and total operating costs could be reduced by 33%. These savings equate to a reduction in total operating costs of £5.20/m2 per year, giving a total saving of £20,435 per year. As one of the UK’s leading providers of profiled rooflights and roofing sheets, with huge experience across all kinds of public and private sector buildings, Filon Products is your ideal partner in roof and rooflight upgrades and refurbishment. We also offer: • Fixsafe for safe replacement of rooflights and roof sheets • Lightweight over-roofing for cost-effective roof refurb with minimal disruption.
For details, please call us on 01543 687300 or visit www.filon.co.uk
*See the report at http://www.narm.org.uk/ uploads/pdfs/NARM_NTD10.pdf
Filon Products Ltd, Unit 3 Ring Road, Zone 2, Burntwood Business Park, Burntwood, Staffs WS7 3JQ
FREE 7 DAY TRIAL VERSION Visit our website to download it and/or watch our video tutorial!
DAYLIGHT & NEIGHBOURLY MATTERS
Getting the Light Right: Rights to Light Dan Tapscott leads Rapleys’ national Neighbourly Matters team who regularly advise on Rights to Light and Daylight & Sunlight issues for developers and neighbours to development sites. In issue 3 Dan gave us an overview of the differences (and similarities) in these subject areas. In issue 4 Dan went into detail regarding carrying out a Daylight & Sunlight Amenity Study. In this issue Dan discusses undertaking a Rights to Light analysis.
As with any development, although you may have been granted planning permission, this does not necessarily mean you can build your proposal. A Right to Light (or Right of Light; there is no difference), is an easement, similar to a Right of Way.
appreciation of the interrelationship between the site and the neighbouring properties. The surrounding properties within a reasonable proximity to the site are then considered in terms of their risk profile. In each instance three questions need to be asked:
Once established it is very difficult to remove and is ignored at a developer’s peril. If the amount of light remaining once the proposal is constructed is to an unreasonable degree then the remedy is either an injunction (stopping the offending part of the development being constructed or removing it), or damages via compensation that could be sizeable and costly.
1) Have the affected windows of the property acquired a Right to Light?
It is therefore in a developer’s interests to tackle Rights to Light matters early on. As early as site selection stage would be best, rather than just prior to commencement, or worse, after a neighbour has raised an objection at a critical point in the build. Regardless, the fact that each developers attitude to risk differs from one to another and the way in which neighbours react keeps things interesting!
Taking the first point, the most common way a Right to Light can be acquired is via the Prescription Act 1832 where uninterrupted enjoyment of skylight is received for 20 years (although to interrupt this and reset the clock involves a process of a year, so 19 years and 1 day should be the yard stick). There are other ways in which a Right to Light can be acquired, some of which concern agreements within Title Deeds as land has been divided up and exchanged between parties over the years. There is also the risk of Restrictive Covenants existing which will override the Common Law position, so a check of these by the legal team is always recommended.
Before progressing with an analysis using 3D models and specialist software, a preliminary scoping review is recommended. This involves a visit to site to review the proposals in context and to gain a greater
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2) If a Right to Light has been acquired, will unreasonable interference be caused by the proposed development? 3) If unreasonable interference is likely, what is the most likely remedy; an injunction or damages?
It is in a developer’s interests to tackle Rights to Light matters early on. As early as site selection stage would be best, rather than just prior to commencement, or worse, after a neighbour has raised an objection at a critical point in the build.
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DAYLIGHT & NEIGHBOURLY MATTERS Assuming you can establish that a neighbouring property is likely to enjoy a Right to Light, will the levels received after the construction of the new building be to an unreasonable degree? The way in which the quantum of light is calculated looks at where in the room the skylight is received at the working plane (850mm from floor level) when looking at the head height of the window. Therefore, if the massing on the development site opposite increases and the proposal gets closer to the neighbour, so will the steepness of this angle. In practice this means the occupier will have to get closer to the window within the room to see the sky The point at which unreasonable interference is triggered in a room is commonly referred to as the ‘grumble line’. For commercial properties such as offices, shops, hotels, industrial properties etc, it is established leaving no less than 50% of the room receiving skylight at the working plane, is reasonable. For residential properties such as houses, flats or nursing homes, this is not defined and is considered on a case by case basis. The Rights to Light fraternity therefore regard residential properties as higher risk and therefore aim to leave around 55% - 60% of the room well-lit but there is no limit. Clearly there will be instances where the existing levels of light are regarded as poor such as to basements and rooms with small windows. Therefore any reduction could be treated as serious. Rules of thumb drawing ‘no skylines’ on section drawings through the development site and the neighbouring property can quickly assist in concluding whether the massing of the proposal is likely to cause unreasonable interference. There are however, inherent shortcomings in relying solely on 2D information.
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You may be dealing with an unusually shaped room, it may have other windows in it and you may not know the room depth or where the working plane should be positioned etc. Translating the scenario to a 3D analysis can be quite enlightening. Therefore an experienced practitioner advising from the outset, who does not immediately start by carrying out costly analysis on everything will be of benefit to a developer. If unreasonable interference is likely, the risk profile needs to be considered. The use of the property will be relevant as traditionally, residential use has signalled an increased risk of an injunction whereas commercial properties tend to be regarded as more amenable to being compensated. Although this is not clear cut. Typical questions that need to be considered are: · How severe is the injury and where are the main affected areas? · Will the neighbour benefit in the long run by the development i.e. increased foot fall? · Is the neighbour a competitor? · Has the neighbour been particularly vocal and objected during the planning process? · Is there scope for the redevelopment of the neighbouring property? · Has there been a lot of surrounding redevelopment in the area? · Will other agreements be required with this neighbour during the construction process i.e. access licence or party wall matters to resolve?
If unreasonable interference is likely, the risk profile needs to be considered. The use of the property will be relevant as traditionally, residential use has signalled an increased risk of an injunction...
After this, the risk profile can be gauged that determines the way forward to addressing these issues.
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DAYLIGHT & NEIGHBOURLY MATTERS
There are some developers who will ignore the problem then deal with issues on a reactionary basis. Then there are those who will want to negotiate with the neighbour to obtain their express consent before proceeding. In recent years insuring the risk has become a favourable option. This will not remove the risk of an injunction but should give access to funds to assist with the negotiation process. Clearly if the likely injuries are considered significant and the risk profile is high, then a full technical analysis is warranted. As with a Daylight & Sunlight Amenity Study, getting the most accurate data for the compiling of the 3D model is key to giving weight behind the advice that will arise from the results produced. Laser scanning rather than brick counting, archive searches on room layouts over guesswork, liaison with
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the projects legal team and using industry standard software are all important components to the process in being able to give developers useful advice they can rely on. Not forgetting that once there is a 3D model, ‘what if’ scenarios, envelope studies and cutback analysis are also useful areas of review that can help inform and assist in the design process. In conclusion, an early appointment of a Rights to Light consultant who preferably advises on other Neighbourly Matters, early on in the development of a proposal should ensure development potential is maximised whilst balancing the associated risks. Just do not forget that some of the neighbours may have appointed their own consultants who will be critiquing the proposals!
dan.tapscott@rapleys.com
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DAYLIGHTING ICONS The biggest: the best: the most awe-inspiring; the most outrageous; the most influential... In this regular feature we will be indulging ourselves and our readers with images of daylighting projects throughout the years, that simply deserve a double page photograph...
The Great Glasshouse. National Botanic Garden of Wales Set in rolling hills overlooking the Tywi Valley in Carmarthenshire, the Great Glasshouse forms the centrepiece of the 230-hectare National Botanic Garden of Wales. The largest single-span glasshouse in the world, containing more than a thousand Mediterranean plant species, it reinvents the glasshouse for the twenty-first century, offering a model for sustainable development. Designed by Foster + Partners, the building swells from the ground like a glassy hillock, echoing the undulations of the surrounding landscape. The aluminium glazing system and its tubular-steel supporting structure are designed to minimise materials and maximise light transmission. The toroidal roof measures 99 by 55 metres, and rests on twenty-four arches, which spring from a concrete ring beam and rise to 15 metres at the apex of the dome.
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DAYLIGHTING ICONS
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LIGHT TRANSMITTING MATERIALS
Roof glazing choice isn’t always clear... Where might you specify polycarbonate instead of glass? What are the advantages of GRP? Which glazing material offers the optimum combination of characteristics for your specific application? NARM, the National Association of Rooflight Manufacturers, has published a materials guide outlining the relative merits of the various different light transmitting materials offered by manufacturers of rooflights and cladding.
categories as shown in the table below, which provides a quick and simple guide to material specification. The full NARM Technical Document covering transparent and translucent materials can be downloaded free of NARM Technical Document NTD09 2014 charge from the NARM website.
There is a huge variety of materials available and these fall into five basic
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Material comparison DIFFUSING MATERIALS
CLEAR MATERIALS Material Properties
Glass
Polycarbonate
Glass with white interlayer
GRP
Opal Polycarbonate
Light transmission single skin
Excellent (up to 89%)
Excellent (up to 90%)
Up to 70%
Good (up to 85%)
Up to 60%
Light transmission insulated (U-value < 2.2W/m2K)
Excellent (up to 77%)
Excellent (up to 70%)
Good (up to 61%)
Good (up to 65%)
Up to 58%
Excellent
High
n/a
n/a
n/a
Outstanding (100%)
Excellent
Outstanding (100%)
Very good
Excellent
Outstanding (100%)
Excellent
Outstanding (100%)
Very good
Excellent
Outstanding (100%)
Very good
Outstanding (100%)
Excellent
Very good
Coefficient of thermal expansion (m/moC)
9x10-6
66x10-6
9x10-6
22x10-6
66x10-6
Need to accommodate thermal movement
Low
High
Low
Low
High
Excellent
Susceptible to specific chemicals
Excellent
Excellent
Susceptible to specific chemicals
Low
Medium
Very low
Very low
Medium
Glass: over 30 years DGUs: 20-25 years
Up to 25 years (typically 15-20)
Glass: over 30 years DGUs: 20-25 years
30 years
Up to 25 years (typically 15-20)
None
High
Low
Low
High
Impact resistance
Varies - can be high
High
High
High
High
Tensile strength
Varies - can be high
High
High
High
High
Excellent
Poor
Good
Good
Poor
Poor
High
Poor
Clarity UV resistance Retention of light transmission Resistance to discoloration Retention of mechanical strength
Chemical resistance Risk of premature failure in adverse circumstances
Expected service life Requirement to ventilate rooflight cavities
Acoustic insulation Formability
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High in 2 dimensions Poor in 3 dimensions
High
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SPECIAL FEATURE
daylight diary Bridging the gap between design & installation... As the trade association representing the UK’s rooflight industry, NARM, the National Association of Rooflight Manufacturers, is dedicated to the application of best practice in the provision of natural light in built environments. This mission has involved our membership in many different roles, including: • Advising Government on future Building Regulations • Developing and maintaining standards and codes of practice • Providing balanced advice on the use of rooflights and systems • Plus other initiatives. Uniting the industry
Our commitment to specifiers has also seen the introduction of our first RIBA-accredited CPD seminar which is available on line using the link below.material this seminar counts for double CPD points for RIBA members.
ust
2017
So how do we plan to bring specification and installation closer? In 2016, NARM became a member organisation of NFRC, the National Federation of Roofing Contractors, in a move that cements what is already a well established working relationship between the two organisations. This arrangement is facilitating close and regular communication, with the goal of creating a more ‘joined up’ UK roofing industry.
At recent meetings of our active committee, there has been a growing focus on the need to provide stronger links and clearer communication between the specification and installation sectors of our industry. Success in this respect can only lead ultimately to the provision of rooflights that perform better whatever the criteria: energy efficiency; light transmission: durability; safety; weathertightness; aesthetics; etc
We’re already working together on a number of projects which we’ll be telling you about in the coming months. Watch this space!
For many years we have published NARM Technical Documents which are available on our website and provide support for specifiers across a range of roofligfht-related subjects.
Are you a RIBA member? Book our CPD Seminar now for double points
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July/Aug
View our CPD Seminar on YouTube Download NARM Technical Documents at www.narm.org.uk
Become a NARM member
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@Daylighting_Mag
Twitterings Follow us for regular updates between issues... in the meantime, more highlights...
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DAYLIGHTING MAGAZINE
Stay up to date with DAYLIGHTING Magazine! Coming up through 2017 – we will be running features on just about every daylighting-related topic you can think of – and some you may not have... We’ll also be offering a wider range of opportunities for advertisers, including low cost product and project feature advertorials, a product finder and an email delivery service, allowing clients access to our email contacts database.
SEPTEMBER / OCTOBER 2017 • Daylight for Dramatic Effect • Daylighting in the Retail Sector • Refurbishment • Modular Rooflights • Daylight Harvesting NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2017 • Daylight & Renewable Energy • Daylighting in Factories & Warehouses • Lighting Controls • Translucent Cladding • Roof Windows
Bennett & Partners Pure Offices Lake View House Tournament Fields Warwick CV34 6RG United Kingdom TEL: +44 (0)1295 770833 EDITOR Paul Bennett paul@daylightingmag.co.uk Tel: 01295 770833 Mobile: 07900 895110 AD SALES Miki Bennett adsales@bennettand partners.co.uk Tel: 01295 770833
Editorial Programme REGULAR FEATURES: Industry News & Comment, Technical Focus, Daylight & Energy Saving, Daylighting Standards
DAYLIGHTING is published by:
A LOOK AHEAD INTO 2018 We’re already planning a new, bigger, better DAYLIGHTING Magazine for 2018, with new features and opportunities for advertisers – plus some additional on-line services... watch this space! Media Information Pack Our Media Information Pack gives details of circulation, advertising rates, 2017 features and editorial policy. Copies can be downloaded at: www. daylightingmag.co.uk Stay up to date between issues: follow us on social media.
@Daylighting_Mag
linkedin.com/company/daylight
DESIGN/PRODUCTION Jemma Pentney jemma@bennettand partners.co.uk Tel: 01295 770833 WEBSITE www.daylightingmag.co.uk CIRCULATION Daylighting is available by email, free of charge to subscribers. Our database currently numbers over 6,000 UK architects, specifiers, contractors, consultants and roofing professionals. Full details are available on our website. www.daylightingmag.com
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted without the consent of the publisher. While every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of content, the publisher does not accept liability for errors. The views expressed by contributors are not necessarily those of the editor or publisher. This publication contains editorial photographs which may have been supplied and paid for by suppliers. Full terms and conditions can be found on our website.
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Three-day course in Climate-Based Daylight Modelling
P_cell 6
P_cell 5
Register expression of interest:
September 2017
Course content
Dates
This intensive course covers the fundamentals of CBDM including: the numerical basis (daylight coefficients), Radiance parameter setting and accuracy, validation, the derivation of climate-based metrics such as useful daylight illuminance/daylight autonomy and their application to compliance evaluations, e.g. the Priority Schools Building Programme requirements. The course is split between morning seminars and afternoon practical sessions using the DIVAforRhino CBDM software and Grasshopper plugin. 3D models and course notes/slides are provided.
Depending on demand, the course will run on one or both of these dates: 12th to 14th September 2017 (Tue to Thu) 25th to 27th September 2017 (Mon to Wed)
‣ Course numbers are strictly limited to ten ‣ The cost is £3,200 (+ VAT)*
‣ Led/delivered by Professor John Mardaljevic ‣ Plus two expert mentors in DIVAforRhino *Excludes accommodation
Place: Loughborough University Email j.mardaljevic@lboro.ac.uk to register an expression of interest and to reserve a place, clearly stating the preferred dates. UDI supp: 100 < E < 300 lux
UDI auto: 300 < E < 3000 lux
UDI fell-short: E < 100 lux
UDI exceeded: E > 3000 lux
UDI: 100 < E < 3000 lux
UDI metrics mod01/wp01 wp01 Hours:08.50-16.00
3000
hrs
School of Architecture, Building & Civil Engineering
2500 2000
Loughborough University Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
1500 1000 500 0
000 Newcastle-CIBSE-TRY
n D io ts K O W CP uct fligh BO O IBA rod oo N R nt r e n i it h lin A w n- r: g O ina htin m lig Se a y d to
NARM represents suppliers of glass, polycarbonate and GRP rooflight systems for daylighting applications across every sector.
Specifying rooflights? Look for the logo that means peace-of-mind NARM, the National Association of Rooflight Manufacturers, is the influential trade association representing the UKâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rooflight industry. We are closely involved in developing and implementing legislation affecting UK rooflighting. Choosing rooflights from a NARM member company is the simple and certain way to ensure adherence to standards and legislation. You can also gain access to a wealth of free and objective specification information on our website.
www.narm.org.uk