BCYF Social Development Model by bcyf

Benita and Catalino Yap Foundation

BCYF Social Development Model

BCYF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MODEL

Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Innovative Social Solutions for Asia .......................................................................................................... 3 What is Social Development? ................................................................................................................... 4 How do we develop society? .................................................................................................................... 5 Measuring Social Development ................................................................................................................ 6 Multipliers: Replicating Success Stories in Social Development ............................................................... 6 The BCYF Social Development Model: Focus on the Youth .......................................................................... 6 Education and Continuous Learning ......................................................................................................... 7 The Role of Spirituality and Faith .............................................................................................................. 7 Volunteerism with a Purpose.................................................................................................................... 7 Make CSR a Lifestyle ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Citizenship ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Sustainability ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Social Responsibility .................................................................................................................................. 8 CSR 3.0 ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 CSR 3.0 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Personal Social Responsibility ....................................................................................................... 8 Works Cited ................................................................................................................................................. 10

BCYF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MODEL

BCYF Social Development Model Introduction How do we help develop society? What does it mean to make our community a better place? As citizens and as individuals, how do we contribute to making our lives, and that of others, better? BCYF believes that social development can progress in Asia, through citizens who actively contribute to it and live a lifestyle of personal social responsibility. As individuals, we are also members of our community, which is part of a local government, and is also part of a country in the fast-growing region of Asia.

Innovative Social Solutions for Asia1 Asia is home to a number of emerging market economies2. More than half of global growth is expected to emanate from these emerging markets3. The rate of growth will even accelerate because of the fast pace of technological advancements, especially the Internet4. Within the countries of Asia, the economic components are similar5: Government provides basic services, defense, public works, etc; Private sector drives industry growth; Social development organizations, including non-profits and religious groups step up to provide services that the state does not cover6; Multilateral organizations also play a role, especially in a society where local problems need global attention7; For organizations, especially for those in business, the discourse of corporate social responsibility permeates8; On an individual level, citizens contribute to helping society through volunteer efforts9; Some of these individuals create their own organizations like micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME’s)10 or non-profits to address personal and social objectives. Some of these

Pan-Asia often refers to countries from East Asia and South Asia (Asian Development Bank, 2009). But BCYFoundation also includes Pacific Islands, and the specific ASEAN member states in the Pan-Asian classification (BCYFoundation, 2015) 2 Emerging Market Economies: An emerging market economy (EME) is defined as an economy with low to middle per capita income. Such countries constitute approximately 80% of the global population, and represent about 20% of the world's economies (Investopedia, 2015). 3 (Franklin Templeton Investments, 2015) 4 According to a McKinsey report, activity on the Internet accounts for around 3% of Global GDP – bigger than the energy and agriculture industry (McKinsey & Company, 2011) 5 This publication views the economic framework from the perspective of political economy, which takes into consideration the interplay of economic contributors and political forces (Zimbalist & Sherman, 1984). 6 (Haynes, 2014) 7 (Besada & Kindornay, 2013) 8 (Visser, 2011) 9 In 2009, the total value of volunteer work in the Philippines reached almost USD 1-billion accounting for 0.6% of GSP with an annual increase of 6.4% at constant prices (Virola, 2010) 10 SME’s are significant drivers of economies. In the Philippines they constitute more than 90% of businesses. It has been a long term development process to drive SME’s to be more productive, competitive and gain the ability to scale (Tamangan, Josef , & Habito, 2004)

BCYF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MODEL individuals are referred to as social entrepreneurs, or social businessmen11. All these players contribute to an ecosystem of change agents trying to provide solutions to develop society, amidst scarce resources12. Undoubtedly, Asia is experiencing a booming economy, but economic growth needs to be addressed alongside social development13. With all the problems plaguing society, it raises an ethical call14 to ensure that growth not only produces wealth, but is sustainable15 for future generations, pursues the common good and nurtures the holistic development of each human being16.

What is Social Development? Social Development is about the “improvement of every person’s well-being so they can reach their full potential”17. This is not unlike the philosophy of the classic Greeks that asked and answered what are the essential components for a society to enable human beings to have a good life18. The success of society is linked to the well-being of each citizen. Social development focuses on “putting people first” in the development processes19. Many think that social development is separate from economic growth. On the contrary, economic development is an important part of social development, albeit not the only component20. Development is being pursued when individuals cooperate and organize their activity to pursue their dreams based on values which they believe to be good21. Hence entrepreneurs and professionals who build businesses22 are as much contributors to social development, as those in the sectors of civil society, religious, 11

BCYF defines Social Enterprise as an organization that is engaged in business with a primary objective to help society. Their social objective is integrated in their cost of doing business (Benita & Catalino Yap Foundation, 2015) 12 (Eggers & MacMillan, 2013) 13 In the book called Development and Social Change: A Global Perspective, author Philip McMichael posits development is “increasingly about how we survive the future, rather than how we improve the past”. (McMIchael, 2012) 14 A New Social Covenant by the World Economic Forum was drafted by through its Global Agenda Council on Values where it calls on “intentional, global reflection on the values we bring to the largest decisions of our time.” (World Economic Forum, 2013) 15 The Sustainable Economy is one that takes heed of the inherent biophysical limits of the global ecosystem so that it can continue to operate long into the future (Daly, 2005) . 16 (Pope Francis, 2013) 17 (New Brunswick , 2009) 18 Aristotle’s philosophy, especially on Nicomachean Ethics and Politics are still being considered as fundamental points in discussions of social and political development (Davis, 2013) 19 (World Bank, 2015) 20 Development should be perceived as a multidimensional process involving the reorganization and reorientation of entries economic and social systems (Todaro & Smith, 2003). 21 From the World Academy of Arts & Sciences meeting in 1998, Social development is defined as “the product of the application of the powers of mind to organize the physical materials, social activities and mental ideas of humanity to achieve greater material, social, mental and spiritual experience. The approach outlined in this paper gives central importance to the role of organization in development, organization as defined in the widest sense as the orderly arrangement of human activities to achieve greater productivity, efficiency, innovation and creativity. (Asokan, Cleveland, Jacobs, Macfarlane, & van Harten, 1999) 22

The BCYFoundation recognizes social businesses as important contributors to Social Development. For BCYF, Social Business is defined as “A social business is any sustainable commercial activity with a social impact delivered after profit and government payments.” (Benita & Catalino Yap Foundation, 2015).

BCYF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MODEL education and government. At the end of the day, everyone desires to achieve a better and more meaningful life in society, which is the goal of development work. That being said, social development is not for a specific few. Everyone has a role to play. From government, businesses, schools, entrepreneurs and all individuals. At the core of development efforts must be a primary commitment to respect and enhance human dignity, thereby encouraging us to keep building a more humane society for all23. This is the challenge for every nation and economy—to address as much of the fundamental requirements for its citizens to achieve a meaningful life, as their situation permits. How to not duplicate what is already being done, while creating mechanisms for identifying needs, and executing programs and projects as feasible and as effective as possible, is the crux of the challenge. An organization or individual cannot address all problems. Hence it is important for each player in social development to focus on specific social objectives they want to address24 and govern their actions25 accordingly for effective execution26. Once we understand that we cannot do everything, we need an underlying theoretical framework27 to guide our plans and actions to develop innovative social solutions28.

How do we develop society? There are many ways for society to pursue social development. In some nations, government plays a major role in improving the lives of citizens29. There are also nations who place more value in individualism or self-help that prefers less interference from government30. But in BCYF, we believe in the way where five sectors of society work together to encourage social development—especially entrepreneurship that yields positive social impact. These sectors are (1) Government, (2) Civil society organizations, (3) Religious groups, (4) Business and (5) Schools. Many discussions have already focused on the multi-sector collaboration of Government, Civil society and Business31. But there is also value in recognizing the role of Religious groups and Schools, especially

Human Dignity forms the core of the social teaching of the Catholic Church (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2015), but is a universal concept even for other religions (Sharma, 2014). 24 (Yap, BCYF Conversations, 2015) 25 (Estanislao, 2012) 26 (Kaplan & Norton, 2008) 27 In the absence of valid theory, social development remains largely a process of trial and error, with a great risk for failure and inconsistent progress (Jacobs & Cleveland, Social Development Theory, 1999). 28 Social Innovation –a novel solution to a social problem that is more effective, sustainable, or just than existing solutions (Phills Jr., Deiglmeier, & Miller, 2008). 29 Examples of this are the Scandinavian nations—Denmark, Norway and Sweden (van Oorschot, Opielka, & PfauEff, 2008) 30 The United States is an example of this. The American values system has “individualism” has a value institutionalized by their Founding Fathers (Bowles & McMahon, 2014). 31 There is a growing recognition of multiple players in a "solution economy" more sectors provide solutions to public problems (Eggers & Macmillan, 2013)

BCYF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MODEL in Asia, which has various religions and spirituality32, and a dominant demographic of young people comprising its population. Social development solutions from all these sectors must be encouraged, and more importantly built and managed for effective social impact and sustainability.

Measuring Social Development Desiring the effectiveness of social development initiatives requires measurability so we can manage for the future. So how do we measure social development? Over the years, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been a measure for a nation’s success. But GDP, although still useful, has been proven to be not enough to represent social progress, especially since we have established that economic growth is just one factor of social development33. Nowadays, there are considerations to include “happiness” and “well-being” in metrics. There are also movements to assess how “livable” cities are34. These factors must be considered when we setup metrics for our social development initiatives. We not merely focus on economic gains, but we look at the holistic picture, consistent with the goal of being people-centered and focused on enhancing human dignity.

Multipliers: Replicating Success Stories in Social Development Aside from measurability, we must also strive to build our efforts to be replicable. We need to develop multipliers of social development35. These are either individuals, organizations or institutions who have the ability to replicate social development with relative scale.

The BCYF Social Development Model: Focus on the Youth The BCYF Social Development Model focus on the youth because young people ages 13-39 years comprise more than half of the population in Southeast Asia36. The youth have 5 key characteristics that make them drivers of social development: (1) They are open to change. (2) They are technologically-savvy. (3) They are socially-oriented, desiring to belong to communities of like-minded people. (4) They are still developing their moral values and faith, especially with every concomitant moral crisis, job security, change in residence, etc. (5) Lastly, they have an active volunteerism spirit. 32

A 2013 conference at the Asia Research Institute in National University of Singapore acknowledged that religion (in addition to politics) is a key component to consider when discussing development in Asia. (Fountain, Bush , & Feener, 2015) 33 The Social Progress Initiative is one movement that was born out of the recognition that GDP metrics are not enough to capture a society’s well-being. The Index measure social progress according to 3 dimensions: basic human needs, foundations of wellbeing (access to education, health, etc), and opportunity (Social Progress Initiative , 2015) 34 85 percent of people live in urban centers and as the quality of their lives is affected by their connectedness to the city. Therefore, local governments play an important role to design and develop their cities for their citizens to enjoy meaningful lives (Evans, 2002) 35 Multiplier is an economic concept that can be applied to social development, referred to as the social multiplier. (Bowles S. , 2011) 36 (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, 2015)

BCYF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MODEL

Education and Continuous Learning It is because of this focus on the youth that we anchor our activities on education. While they undergo their own process of personal development, the youth can be honed to be more effective contributors to society if they regularly engage in continuous learning. Schools, colleges and universities are therefore important institutions to engage with as they will help transform a generation to be more socially responsible. Innovations in education, especially those that harness technology to foster inclusive access, must also be encouraged to promote a culture of lifelong learning. Understanding how learning happens is a key factor as well. Learning can happen through several activities including events like conferences, concerts, huddles, online forums, etc. As the BCYF Chairman, Mr. Antonio Yap says, â&#x20AC;&#x153;education is crucial because everything in the world rests on the ability of a generation to share what they know so others can build on themâ&#x20AC;?.

The Role of Spirituality and Faith Although some people may shy away from discussing faith alongside social development, it is no doubt an important component especially in the cultures of Asia, which is comprised of various religions and spirituality37. Faith-based organizations are inherently driven to address social ills and have set up innovative social solutions to do so38. On a personal level, belief in a higher being, or something greater than the self, also helps one be more sensitive to recognize human dignity and the common good, and be more attuned to ethical conduct39.

Volunteerism with a Purpose At the end of the day, this lifestyle of social responsibility can be best developed if one volunteers with a purpose. It makes up our collective identity as a people.

Make CSR a Lifestyle Citizenship As a practical start, each individual can contribute to the common good by being a good citizen who helps build his or her nation through simple everyday acts. This requires a fundamental and continuous understanding that one belongs to a community and that he or she has duties and responsibilities within this community40. Acts may be as simple as buying local products, following traffic rules, volunteering for social projects, cleaning the surroundings, paying the right taxes, etc.41

Sustainability Worldwide, the call for sustainable development is progressing. Sustainable Development is defined as â&#x20AC;&#x153;Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future

(Webster & Watson, 2014) Islamic Finance, Red Cross, Christian Charities were born from faith based organizations 39 The Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work has publications that show research on how social justive and spirituality are intrinsically linked. (Hodge, 2012) 40 (Arthur, Davison, & Stow, 2014) 41 12 Little Things Every Filipino Can Do is a good example for simple acts of citizenship for the Philippines (Lacson, 2009) 38

BCYF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MODEL generations to meet their own needs”42. Individuals, and organizations are encouraged to apply more sustainable practices like zero-carbon footprint, recycling, upcycling, water conservation, etc.

Social Responsibility We need to strive to always be our brothers’ or sisters’ keeper. Given the limited time and resources that we have, how do we alleviate the suffering of our neighbor? How do we use our talents to ensure we can do the most good? What efforts can we do in order to make the lives of others better and more meaningful?

CSR 3.0 Collectively, when many individuals make this a lifestyle, we will have a flood of active citizens volunteering with a purpose and living a life of citizenship, sustainability and social responsibility (CSR 3.0).

SD -DYNAMIC WE BELIEVE THIS BECAUSE WE ARE ALSO TRYING

CSR 3.0 – Personal Social Responsibility 42

(United Nations, 2002)

BCYF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MODEL

Everything we do must be anchored on ethical conduct. The basis of which is our belief in a higher being –our faith—which governs all facets of our life43. Being human, we innately have human dignity and are naturally attuned to the common good44. Hence we strive for it by doing volunteerism or philanthropy (CSR 101)45. But we want to move towards serving with a purpose. When we join organizations, we strive to be practitioners of CSR 2.0 – transformative CSR that serves the common good46. Because “doing good is not good enough”.47 For true transformative change to occur in the organization, it requires the individual to be personally commit, through a Personal Social Responsibility Commitment (PSRC)48. For those who embark on the pursuit of creating their own enterprise (either as a Social Enterprise or a Social Business), this commitment is essential, and this is what CSR 3.0 embodies. Hence CSR is not just for Business. Rather, CSR should enhance human dignity49. It is for every person.

“ Love — caritas — is an extraordinary force which leads people to opt for courageous and generous engagement in the field of justice and peace. It is a force that has its origin in God, Eternal Love and Absolute Truth. Each person finds his good by adherence to God's plan for him, in order to realize it fully: in this plan, he finds his truth, and through adherence to this truth he becomes free (cf. Jn 8:32).” (Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, 2009) 44 From the 2nd Philippine CSR Research Conference - 2012 45 (Benita & Catalino Yap Foundation, 2011) 46 Wayne Visser is an expert group member of BCYF, and a key thought leader in the field of CSR. He postulates that Traditional CSR must move from reputation management to a more transformative kind of CSR or CSR 2.0 (Visser, 2011) 47 (Benita & Catalino Yap Foundation, 2012) 48 Ibid. 49 Although Human Dignity as a concept has religious roots it has also been discussed in social and political perspectives (Curtis, 1962), especially through the Modern Philosophers Immanuel Kant, and Jean Jacques Rousseau whose work The Social Contract formed the foundation of great modern political philosophy (Lagon & Arend, 2014)

BCYF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MODEL

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