Fairy tales

Peaceful Horizons – C.O.M.P.A.S.S Peaceful Horizons – C.O.M.P.A.S.S

Peaceful Horizons – C.O.M.P.A.S.S

History and Culture History and Culture A History Collection Tales and Legends from andofCulture A Countries Collection of Tales and Legends Our from Our Countries A Collection of Tales and Legends from Our Countries

Quote: “A fairy tale, or wonder tale, is a kind of folktale or fable. In these stories we meet witches and queens, giants and elves, princes, dragons, talking animals, ogres, princesses, and sometimes even fairies.

Marvelous and magical things happen to characters in fairy tales. A boy may become a bird. A princess may sleep for a hundred years. A seal may become a girl. Objects too can be enchanted — mirrors talk, pumpkins become carriages, and a lamp may be home to a genie.

The oldest fairy tales were told and retold for generations before they were written down. French fairy tales were the first to be collected and written down, but now we can read fairy tales from almost any culture. When these stories were studied together, something amazing was discovered. From countries as distant and different as Egypt and Iceland similar fairy tales are told. Both Egypt and Iceland have "Cinderella" stories, as do China, England, Korea, Siberia, France, and Vietnam; and the list doesn't stop there. There may be a thousand versions of the Cinderella story, each with a unique telling which carries cultural information about the time and place the story was told. One thing is for sure; people everywhere like stories in which truth prevails over deception, generosity is ultimately rewarded, hard work overcomes obstacles, and love, mercy and kindness are the greatest powers of all.(…).”

http://teacher.scholastic.com/writewit/mff/fairytales_discovering.htm

FRANCE Little Red Riding Hood There was once a small village girl, the prettiest girl you can imagine; and her mother was crazy about her and her grandmother even more. This good woman had made a little red riding hood, which suited the girl so well that everybody called her Little Red Riding Hood.

One day her mother, who had cooked and made some cakes, said to her: "Go to your grandmother, because I was told that she was ill, take this cake and this little pot of butter. "Little Red Riding Hood set out immediately to go to her grandmother, who lived in another village. Passing in a wood she met a big wolf, who felt inclined to eat; but he dared not, because of some woodcutters who were in the forest. He asked her where she was going; and the poor child, who did not know that it is dangerous to stop listening to a wolf, said: "I'm going to see my grandmother and I take her a cake with a little pot of butter that my mother sends. » - Does she live far?, said the wolf.

- Oh! yes, 'said Little Red Riding Hood,” she lives beyond the mill you see over there, the first house in the village.

- Well, said the wolf, I want to go too; I myself am going that way here, and you will go that way, and we'll soon see that who will be there first. » The wolf ran with all his might by the way which was the shortest, and the little girl went by the longest way, amusing herself by gathering nuts, running after butterflies, and make bouquets of little flowers.

Not before long the wolf arrived at the grandmother´s house and knocked at the door: Knock, knock.

"Who's there?

- This is your granddaughter Little Red Riding Hood (said the wolf, counterfeiting his voice) that brings you a cake and a little pot of butter that my mother sent you. » The good grandmother, who was in bed because she was somewhat ill, cried out: "Pull the latch. » The wolf pulled the latch, and the door opened. He threw himself upon the good woman and ate her up in no time; because there were more than three days since he had eaten. Then he closed the door and went to sleep in the grandmother´s bed, waiting for Little Red Riding Hood, who some time later knocked at the door. Knock, knock. "Who's there? » Little Red Riding Hood, hearing the big voice of the wolf, was afraid at first, but believing her grandmother had a cold, answered: "This is your daughter Little Red Riding Hood, which brings you a cake and a little butter jar that my mother sent you. "The wolf cried out to her, softening his voice a little:" Pull the bobbin, and the latch bobinette. "Little Red Riding Hood pulled the bobbin, and the door opened.

The wolf, seeing her come in, said to her by hiding in the bed under the blanket, "Put the cake and the little pot of butter upon the stool, and come closer to my bed. " Little Red Riding Hood was quite surprised to see how her grandmother looked in her nightclothes. She said," - Grandmother, what big arms you have!- All the better to embrace you, girl.

-

Grandmother, you have strong legs.”- It's best to run, my child.

Grandmother, what big ears you have!- It is better to listen, my child.

Grandmother, what big eyes you have!- All the better to see my child.

Grandmother, what big teeth you have!- All the better to eat you. »

And saying these words, this wicked wolf jumped out of bed, jumped on top of poor Little Red Riding Hood, and ate her up.

Continued by the brothers Grimm: As soon as the wolf had finished this tasty bite, he climbed back into bed, fell asleep, and began to snore very loudly.A huntsman was just passing by. He thought it strange that the old woman was snoring so loudly, so he decided to take a look. He stepped inside, and in the bed there lay the wolf that he had been hunting for such a long time. "He has eaten the grandmother, but perhaps she still can be saved. I won't shoot him," thought the huntsman. So he took a pair of scissors and cut open his belly.

He had cut only a few strokes when he saw the red cap shining through. He cut a little more, and the girl jumped out and cried, "Oh, I was so frightened! It was so dark inside the wolf's body!"

And then the grandmother came out alive as well. Then Little Red Cap fetched some large heavy stones.

They filled the wolf's body with them, and when he woke up and tried to run away, the stones were so heavy that he fell down dead.

The three of them were happy. The huntsman took the wolf's pelt. The grandmother ate the cake and drank the wine that Little Red Cap had brought. And Little Red Cap thought to herself, "As long as I live, I will never leave the path and run off into the woods by myself if mother tells me not to." http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/type0333.html#grimm

The Castle of the Sun There once lived a peasant who had seven children, six of them boys and the seventh a girl. They were very poor and all had to work hard for a living, but the drudges of the family were the youngest son, Yvon, and his sister, Yvonne. Because they were gentler and more delicate than the others, they were looked on as poor, witless creatures, and all the hardest work was given them to do. But the children comforted each other, and became but the better favoured as they grew up.

One day when Yvonne was taking the cattle to pasture she encountered a handsome youth, so splendidly garbed that her simple heart was filled with awe and admiration. To her astonishment he addressed her and courteously begged her hand in marriage.

"Tomorrow," he said, "I shall meet you here at this hour, and you shall give me an answer."

Troubled, yet secretly happy, Yvonne made her way home, and told her parents all that had happened. At first they laughed her to scorn, and refused to believe her story of the handsome prince, but when at length they were convinced, they told her she was free to marry whoever she would.

On the following day Yvonne got to the trysting-place where her lover awaited her, even more gloriously resplendent than on the occasion of his first coming. The very trappings of his horse were of gleaming gold. At Yvonne's request he accompanied her to her home, and made arrangements with her kindred for the marriage. To all inquiries regarding his name and place of abode he returned that these should be made known on the wedding morning.

Time passed, and on the appointed day the glittering stranger came to claim his wife. The ceremony over, he swept her into a carriage and was about to drive away, when her brothers reminded him of his promise to reveal his identity.

"Where must we go to visit our sister?" they asked."Eastward," he replied, "to a palace built of crystal, beyond the Sea of Darkness."And with that the pair were gone.

A year elapsed, and the brothers neither saw nor heard anything of their sister, so that at length they decided to go in search of her. Yvon would have accompanied them, but they bade him stay at home.

"You are so boorish," they said, "you would be of no use to us." Eastward they rode, and ever eastward, till at length they found themselves in the heart of a great forest. Then night came on and they lost the path.

Twice a great noise, like the riot of a tempest, swept over their heads, leaving them trembling and stricken with panic. By and by they came on an old woman tending a great fire, and of her they inquired how they might reach the abode of their brother-in-law. "I cannot tell," said the old woman, "but my son may be able to direct you." For the third time they heard the noise as of a great wind racing over the treetops.

"Hush!" said the old woman, "it is my son approaching." He was a huge giant, this son of hers, and when he drew near the fire he said loudly: "Oh ho! I smell sailors!"

"What!" cried his mother sharply. "No, these are not sailors; they only smell after a long journey. Besides they are our cousins. Would you eat such pretty cousins of ours, when they have come so far to visit us?"

At that the giant became quite friendly, and when he learned of their mission even offered to lead them part of the way.Despite his amiability, however, the brothers spent an anxious night, and were up betimes on the following morning.

The giant made ready to leave. First of all he bade the old woman pile fresh fuel on the fire. Then he spread a great black cloth and made the brothers stand on it. Finally he strode into the fire, and when his clothes were consumed the black cloth rose into the air, bearing the brothers with it. The journey was marked by the sound of rushing wind that had terrified them the day before. At length they landed on a vast plain. Half of it was rich and fertile, while the other half was bleak and arid as a desert. The plain was dotted with horses, and, curiously enough, those on the arid side were in splendid condition, whereas those on the fertile part were thin and miserable. The brothers had not the faintest idea of which direction they ought to take, and after a vain attempt to mount the horses on the plain, they decided to return home. After many wanderings they arrived at their native place once more. When Yvon learned of his brothers had fared, he decided to go himself in search of his sister, and though his brothers laughed at him they gave him an old horse and bade him go.

Eastward and eastward he rode, till at length he reached the forest where the old woman still tended the fire. Seeing that he was strong and fearless, she directed him by a difficult and dangerous road that he was to take if he wished to see his sister. It turned out to be ugly. Poisonous serpents lay across his track; thorns and briers sprang underfoot, and at one point a lake barred his way. Finally a subterranean passage led him into his sister's country. There everything was of crystal, shining with the splendour of the sun itself. At the end of a gleaming pathway rose a castle built entirely of crystal, its innumerable domes and turrets reflecting the light in a thousand prismatic hues.

Having gained access to the castle through a cave, Yvon wandered through its many beautiful chambers, till in one of these he came on his sister asleep on a silken couch. He did not dare to wake her, but slipped behind a curtain and watched her in silence. However, as time went on he marvelled that she did not wake.

At evening a handsome youth - Yvon's brother-in-law - entered the chamber, struck Yvonne sharply three times, then flung himself down by her side and went to sleep. All night Yvon waited in his place of concealment. In the morning the young man rose from his couch, gave his wife three resounding blows, and went away. Only then did Yvon emerge and wake his sister.

Brother and sister exchanged a tender greeting, and found much to talk of after their long separation. Yvon learned that the country that he had come to, was a peculiar place, where meat and drink could be entirely dispensed with, while even sleep was not a necessity.

"Tell me, Yvonne," he said, remembering what he had seen of his brother-in-law, "does your husband treat you well?"

Yvonne assured him that her husband was all she could wish-that she was perfectly happy.

"Is he always absent during the day?" he asked anxiously.

"Always."

"Do you know where he goes?"

"I do not, my brother."

"I have a mind," said Yvon, "to ask him to let me accompany him on his journey. What do you say, sister?"

"It sounds like a good plan to me," said Yvonne.

At sundown her husband returned home. He and Yvon became very good friends, and the latter begged to be allowed to accompany him on his journey the following day. "You may do so," was the response, "but only on one condition: if you touch or address anyone save me you must return home."

Yvon readily agreed to accept the condition, and early next morning the two set off. Before long they came to a wide plain, one half of which was green and fruitful, while the other half was barren and dry. On this plain cattle were feeding, and those on the arid part were fat and well-conditioned, while the others were mean and shrivelled to a degree. Yvon learned from his companion that the fat cattle represented those who were contented with their meagre lot, while the lean animals were those who, with a plentiful supply of worldly goods, were yet miserable and discontented. Many other strange things they saw as they went, but that which seemed strangest of all to Yvon was the sight of two trees lashing each other angrily with their branches, as though each would beat the other to the ground. Laying his hands on them, he forbade them to fight, and lo! in a moment they became two human beings, a man and wife, who thanked Yvon for releasing them from an enchantment under which they had been laid as a punishment for their perpetual bickering.

Soon they reached a great cavern. Weird noises came from it, and Yvon would fain have advanced farther; but his companion forbade him, reminding him that in disenchanting the trees he had failed to observe the one essential condition, and must return to the palace where his sister dwelt. There Yvon remained for a few days longer, after which his brother-in-law directed him by a speedy route to his home. "Go," said the prince, "but before long you will return, and then it will be to remain with us forever."

On reaching his native village Yvon found all trace of his dwelling gone. Greatly bewildered, he inquired for his father by name. An old greybeard replied. "I have heard of him," he said. "He lived in the days when my grandfather's grandfather was but a boy, and now he sleeps in the churchyard over there."

Only then did Yvon understand that his visit to his sister had been one, not of days, but of generations! http://oaks.nvg.org/french5.html#castle-of-the-sun

FRENCH GUIANA How the colors came to the birds Once upon a time there was a very long time, a young Indian by the name of Wayni. Member of the Tribe Wayanas, he lived on the banks of the Maroni River in the Amazon rainforest.

Despite his young age, Wayni was already a fine hunter, and he showed very appreciable quality for which he was recognized. Always chasing alone as was the tradition, he never came back without some prey to feed his family. But of all the animals he hunted, the birds had a preference.

Not that he loved eating their flesh which had no particular taste, but his hunting technique, difficult as these animals are wary and quick, was delicate. But hunting birds, or rather hunt 'for fun' was not well seen, and his mother often warned� Because of hunting birds, misfortune will happen to you.�: Despite the abundance of wildlife, hunting was a difficult art in this dense forest where the sun is struggling to break through. It must be said that in those ancient times when this story takes place, the birds had no color, and the sadness of their plumage (they were white, but a 'sad 'white) made them almost invisible.

Leaving the village that morning, Wayni goes to the banks of the river where his boat is fastened. As he prepares to unfasten it, a colored stone, then 2, then 10, then 20 draw his attention to the bank ... Red, green, blue, orange, yellow, purple, they are all the more colourful than the others. Wayni does not believe his eyes so vibrant are their colours. Bending down to pick them up, he immediately collects them for an adorning necklace Hardly he wearing his new finery he is caught in a strange pain. First, the chest, and then the pain diffuses quickly throughout the body. Soon, his legs don´t carry him any longer and start disappearing altogether.

His arms are shrinking as well and the body of Wayni is soon a trunk that grows, grows ... His neck and head soon become one while his body is now covered by multicolored scales, taking geometric shapes colored stones they had picked ... the curse had struck Wayni: he was transformed into an 8 m long multicolored snake, condemned to haunt the Maroni!

Yes, quick as lightning, the snake devouring everything that dared to venture into the river, which had become his territory. Fish, animals, birds and even men, snake killed them and ate them all. Gradually, as he was growing, his appetite was growing larger and the devastation it caused terrorized the entire region.

After months of devastation, the village chief finally decided to respond and called on all the animals of the forest.

- I met you today, he began, to stop the devastation that the multicolored snake can cause. I look for the most courageous of you, one that will be able to kill the snake. As a reward, the skin of the snake will be his property.Even if this skin was all dream, the risk was too great and everyone had an excuse.

- I have a family to feed, apologizes the bush cow.

- I've hunted yesterday continued the paca.

- I do not work on Sundays! , justified the jaguar.

- It's too hot to work, continued the caiman.

- I cannot swim, exclaimed wood pig.

Everyone got out of as he could ... The cormorant suddenly stepped to the head: - I'm going to kill it!, he said to the laughing crowd.

- You are very small!, replied the chief, but you're brave. May the spirits come to your aid!

Even if the cormorant was in effect no match the size and weight to fight this snake monster, cormorant possessed a lot of daring and malignance. Taking the most pointed spire of the village in its beak, the bird rose into the air locating the snake that was resting on the river bed, and plunged from an altitude of 1000 m which he had reached. The arrow in his beak, he darted on the snake and killed him, piercing his head from side to side. Seeing the result of the cormorant´s brave deed, all animals and villagers jumped for joy.

The leader warmly congratulated the cormorant which soon asked his reward ... But the chief could not get used to the idea of seeing this beautiful decoration anywhere else than in his own dwelling; He tried one last dirty trick: If you really want it, you just have to recover it yourself!

The animals went into a laugh that nothing seemed able to stop, as they appreciated the malice of the head.

Undaunted, cormorant thanked the chief and a majestic whistle gathered around him all birds that the jungle knew. From the smallest to the largest, they all answered the call.

The scene could have been great if the uniformity of their white plumage had known colour, until now reserved for flowers and butterflies. My friends, began the cormorant, I met you for you to help me get the reward that was promised to me.

Between us, we'll dive in and bring the skin of multicolored snake out of the water. Then we will share it because we all belong to the same family. The birds!! Within seconds, the skin of the snake was brought on the banks of the Maroni. Each bird then cut out a piece with which it flew away. And then an incredible thing happened. The color of the skin of the snake became at once all white while the plumage of birds changed into beautiful colors corresponding to those of the piece of skin that they had taken.

Since that day and since then only the birds of the Maroni are wearing the extraordinary colorful plumage as we know them today... But it is also from that moment that the Indians, furious at seeing this skin escape, began to hunt birds, to recover the feathers ... http://cayabdl.free.fr/ams/guyane/contes-et-legendes/page-contes-et-legendes-guyane.htm

The leaning stone In the DorothĂŠe in Savannah, near MontsinĂŠry you could see still not long ago a, stone three meters high and two meters wide, and leaning like the Tower of Pisa.Who brought here this menhir of a new kind, and how did he find it? No one knew; why the rock is so bent without falling? No one could say. But it matters little to you, I suppose, to find out about this mystery, and as for me, I admit it leaves me quite indifferent. I just want to tell you an adventure that happened in this place, at the time when the animals spoke.

Tiger one day left his box with intent to fish savannah fish and ...

- Excuse me, Mr. storyteller, what do you, I beg you, savannah fish?

- Please! You have already interrupted me at the very beginning of the story!

For eight months of the year, torrential rains fall in Guyana. They flood everything, making many roads impassable, even most of the streets of Cayenne, and turning the lower located savannas into huge lakes With the return of the dry season, these miniature oceans gradually flow through the creeks with which they communicate. Then the burning rays of sun complete drying out the soil and soon burnt grass

reappears where a few weeks earlier canoes floated. There is no more water in some holes, natural reservoirs that are never emptying and in which there is a fish of a particular species. These are the savannah fish.

Nothing surprises a stranger more than hearing the accompanying guide in these arid deserts announce that soon he will make a good catch for quimbÊ-cœur and see the promise fulfilled. There are many varieties of these small very popular beasts appreciated by Creole gourmets: the patagayes, the langoumottes, the lady-fish, the flowing fish, so many that sometimes during the winter season, paddles of the canoues can stay on the bench and that it only takes a few minutes to fill a canoe with the red-eyed; Prapas and last but not least the atipas, fishes rather similar to the armadillo shell.

Tiger, I said, went out to go fishing savannah fish. Hunger tormented him as long as in his larder only emptiness was staying, and his belly made rrrrrrouhouou!

Meanwhile Kariacou had left that morning to go flying into the barricade of an absent neighbor. He started to fill up his little pudgy belly, and in addition spotted a large basket full of rice and corn at the house, The burden weighed him, and he paused to take a rest in the shade of the big leaning stone.

He had just sat down when he saw Tiger who came closer. Our gracious small animal does not like to meet his uncle with the strong jaw. But it was already too late to escape. Better to imagine without delay a defense plan for the likely case things might take turns for the worse. It was a matter of a moment, because the ordinary accomplice Turtle has a fertile imagination. The cunning fellow merely turned the big rock behind which he placed his basket. Then he came back innocently to the side towards which the natural monument bowed and, uttering plaintive cries, he braced himself against the rock mass in the attitude of an animal that makes prodigious efforts to support an enormous weight.

It was at this moment that Tiger saw him. He quickly went belly to the ground, blocoto, blocoto, blocoto towards the prey that was offered. For our deer, alas! A good moment for Tiger: easy prey capture, and nothing else, not for example, a family member. For those who can read the figure of a tiger: a ferocious snarl, a fierce grin and a wrinkled muzzle of a voracious cat clearly stated; I'm going to lunch with my nephew. The first effect of the astonishment caused by the apparent tranquility in which Kariacou was waiting made Tiger hesitate a few steps away from the goal. His surprise grew again, when he realized that his nephew, far from wanting to avoid it, invited him to make haste.

- Run, uncle, run, the malignant deer was screaming, come quickly!

- Why, a thousand carcasses?, Tiger asked when he arrived.

- To help me, my uncle.

- To help you with what excactly?

- Help me ... help me ... first to hold this huge rock under the weight of which I feel my shoulders weaken, and which will crush us in his downfall. It will be a game for you: you are so strong, uncle, and so beautiful!

- And after?

- And ... after ... help me catch any amount of this game.

- How much? What game?

- A dozen, at least, partridge of the woods, twenty-four doves, woodcock and forty-eight that fell behind that rock. Other animals again! ... And fat! ... If you see this, it's too good! Ah! It will be a feast for you, uncle! I myself will only eat a small piece with pleasure as long as I'm here, the poor dear that I am: look how skinny I am right now ... For me, down there's our next meal of prisoners waiting, but to make this situation turn out well to a successful ending, the stone must by all means be kept in the exact position where it is now. If it falls back, it will crush the game: if it comes forward, it is us who will become marmalade. So, my uncle, sit down there and stand firm: you will be well rewarded for your pains.

Tiger came for the first time in the vicinity of the leaning stone, and hunger that disturbed his brain made it even more gullible than usual. So he gobbled everything told by his nephew rogue, and braced himself in his place. Slowly and carefully Kariacou made it around the large stone until it completely hid him in his uncle's eyes - Saperlipopette! So do not move, he said all of a sudden you're going to make the whole game escape! ...

And then, no noise, not a word!

Saying this, he seized his basket, and the danger tenfold his strength, he scampered quickly with his precious burden. He soon reached the edge of the deep woods, and fioup! He disappeared.

Tigre, meanwhile, pressing hard against the stone (which gave him the illusion of supporting a weight), remained stupidly motionless and kept an absolute silence. Every moment his less reserved bowels made: glouglouglouglou! How long he remained in this position? I cannot tell you; but it lasted a long, long, long time. At the end he could bear it no longer, he called in a low voice; Kariacou! Kariacou ..! ..

No answer.

He shouts louder: Hey! Nephew? Nothing. A beginning of anxiety creeps upon him. Then, with infinite care, he moves away slowly, holding up the stone, to let it slowly reach the ground, and is astonished to see that it stands alone. Convinced that his nephew played him some new trick, he quickly turns around the rock. Alas! poor uncle, Kariacou disappeared - and partridges, doves, woodcock, nothing more than that what is in the palm of your hand.

Tiger felt as usual a terrible anger rising, he roared, he foamed, he rolled in convulsions of rage, plowing the land of his claws and wanted to tear himself. But it would not change anything.

The pignanouan who, from a nearby tree, had attended the scene as an invisible witness flew away with a mocking laugh:Goodbye, Tiger, he cried leaving. It is right to say: Ça là qui pas malins, yé pas gras! »

http://www.potomitan.info/atelier/contes/conte_creole55.php You have to be smart and clever to get enough food - The early bird catches the worm

GERMANY The Frog Prince Once upon a time there was a king who had three daughters. In his courtyard there was a well with wonderful clear water. One hot summer day the oldest daughter went down and drew herself a glassful, but when she held it to the sun, she saw that it was cloudy. This seemed strange to her, and she was about to pour it back when a frog appeared in the water, stuck his head into the air, then jumped out onto the well's edge, saying: If you will be my sweetheart dear, Then I will give you water clear.

"Ugh! Who wants to be the sweetheart of an ugly frog!" exclaimed the princess and ran away. She told her sisters about the amazing frog down at the well who was making the water cloudy. The second one was curious, so she too went down and drew herself a glassful, but it was so cloudy that she could not drink it.

Once again the frog appeared at the well's edge and said: If you will be my sweetheart dear, Then I will give you water clear.

"Not I!" said the princess, and ran away. Finally the third sister came and drew a glassful, but it was no better than before. The frog also said to her: If you will be my sweetheart dear, Then I will give you water clear.

"Why not! I'll be your sweetheart. Just give me some clean water," she said, while thinking, "There's no harm in this. You can promise him anything, for a stupid frog can never be your sweetheart." The frog sprang back into the water, and when she drew another glassful it was so clear that the sun glistened in it with joy. She drank all she wanted and then took some up to her sisters, saying, "Why were you so stupid as to be afraid of a frog?" The princess did not think anything more about it until that evening after she had gone to bed. Before she fell asleep she heard something scratching at the door and a voice singing: Open up! Open up! Youngest daughter of the king. Remember that you promised me While I was sitting in the well, That you would be my sweetheart dear, If I would give you water clear.

"Ugh! That's my boyfriend the frog," said the princess. "I promised, so I will have to open the door for him." She got up, opened the door a crack, and went back to bed. The frog hopped after her, then hopped onto her bed where he lay at her feet until the night was over and the morning dawned. Then he jumped down and disappeared out the door.

The next evening, when the princess once more had just gone to bed, he scratched and sang again at the door. The princess let him in, and he again lay at her feet until daylight came. He came again on the third evening, as on the two previous ones. "This is the last time that I'll let you in," said the princess. "It will not happen again in the future." Then the frog jumped under her pillow, and the princess fell asleep.

She awoke in the morning, thinking that the frog would hop away once again, but now a beautiful young prince was standing before her. He told her that he had been an enchanted frog and that she had broken the spell by promising to be his sweetheart. Then they both went to the king who gave them his blessing, and they were married. The two other sisters were angry with themselves that they had not taken the frog for their sweetheart. http://trackstar.4teachers.org/trackstar/ts/viewTrackMembersFramesMember.do;jsessionid=3E9C8 0B6552364D4F0BA35AF516E0799?key=org.altec.trackstar.om.TrackMember%3Btrack_member_i d[1276]

Bremen Town Musicians A certain man had a donkey, which had carried the corn-sacks to the mill indefatigably for many a long year. But his strength was going, and he was growing more and more unfit for work. Then his master began to consider how he might best save his keep. But the donkey, seeing that no good wind was blowing, ran away and set out on the road to Bremen. There, he thought, I can surely be a town-musician.

When he had walked some distance, he found a hound lying on the road, gasping like one who had run till he was tired. What are you gasping so for, you big fellow, asked the donkey. "Ah," replied the hound, as I am old, and daily grow weaker, and no longer can hunt, my master wanted to kill me, so I took to flight, but now how am I to earn my bread." "I tell you what," said the donkey, "I am going to Bremen, and shall be town-musician there. Go with me and engage yourself also as a musician. I will play the lute, and you shall beat the kettle-drum." The hound agreed, and on they went. Before long they came to a cat, sitting on the path, with a face like three rainy days. "Now then, old shaver, what has gone askew with you," asked the donkey.

"Who can be merry when his neck is in danger," answered the cat. "Because I am now getting old, and my teeth are worn to stumps, and I prefer to sit by the fire and spin, rather than hunt about after mice, my mistress wanted to drown me, so I ran away. But now good advice is scarce. Where am I to go." "Go with us to Bremen. You understand night music, you can be a town-musician." The cat thought well of it, and went with them. After this the three fugitives came to a farm-yard, where the cock was sitting upon the gate, crowing with all his might.

"Your crow goes through and through one," said the donkey. "What is the matter?" "I have been foretelling fine weather, because it is the day on which our lady washes the christ-child's little shirts, and wants to dry them," said the cock. "But guests are coming for sunday, so the housewife has no pity, and has told the cook that she intends to eat me in the soup to-morrow, and this evening I am to have my head cut off. Now I am crowing at the top of my lungs while still I can." "Ah, but red-comb," said the donkey, "you had better come away with us. We are going to Bremen. You can find something better than death everywhere. You have a good voice, and if we make music together it must have some quality." The cock agreed to this plan, and all four went on together.

They could not reach the city of Bremen in one day, however, and in the evening they came to a forest where they meant to pass the night. The donkey and the hound laid themselves down under a large tree, the cat and the cock settled themselves in the branches. But the cock flew right to the top, where he was most safe Before he went to sleep he looked round on all four sides, and thought he saw in the distance a little spark burning. So he called out to his companions that there must be a house not far off, for he saw a light. The donkey said, "If so, we had better get up and go on, for the shelter here is bad." The hound thought too that a few bones with some meat on would do him good. So they made their way to the place where the light was, and soon saw it shine brighter and grow larger, until they came to a well-lighted robbers, house. The donkey, as the biggest, went to the window and looked in.

"What do you see, my grey-horse?" asked the cock.

"What do I see?" answered the donkey. "A table covered with good things to eat and drink, and robbers sitting at it enjoying themselves."

"That would be the sort of thing for us," said the cock.

Then the animals took counsel together how they should manage to drive away the robbers, and at last they thought of a plan. The donkey was to place himself with his fore-feet upon the window-ledge, the hound was to jump on the donkey's back, the cat was to climb upon the dog, and lastly the cock was to fly up and perch upon the head of the cat. When this was done, at a given signal, they began to perform their music together. The donkey brayed, the hound barked, the cat mewed, and the cock crowed. Then they burst through the window into the room, shattering the glass. At this horrible din, the robbers sprang up,

thinking no otherwise than that a ghost had come in, and fled in a great fright out into the forest.

The four companions now sat down at the table, well content with what was left, and ate as if they were going to fast for a month. As soon as the four minstrels had done, they put out the light, and each sought for himself a sleeping-place according to his nature and what suited him. The donkey laid himself down upon some straw in the yard, the hound behind the door, the cat upon the hearth near the warm ashes, and the cock perched himself upon a beam of the roof. And being tired from their long walk, they soon went to sleep. When it was past midnight, and the robbers saw from afar that the light was no longer burning in their house, and all appeared quiet, the captain said, we ought not to have let ourselves be frightened out of our wits, and ordered one of them to go and examine the house.

The messenger finding all quiet, went into the kitchen to light a candle, and, taking the glistening fiery eyes of the cat for live coals, he held a match to them to light it. But the cat did not understand the joke, and flew in his face, spitting and scratching. He was dreadfully frightened, and ran to the back-door, but the dog who lay there sprang up and bit his leg. And as he ran across the yard by the dunghill, the donkey gave him a smart kick with its hind foot. The cock, too, who had been awakened by the noise, and had become lively, cried down from the beam, "Cock-a-doodle-doo."

Then the robber ran back as fast as he could to his captain, and said, "Ah, there is a horrible witch sitting in the house, who spat on me and scratched my face with her long claws. And by the door stands a man with a knife, who stabbed me in the leg. And in the yard there lies a black monster, who beat me with a wooden club. And above, upon the roof, sits the judge, who called out, bring the rogue here to me. So I got away as well as I could."

After this the robbers never again dared enter the house. But it suited the four musicians of Bremen so well that they did not care to leave it any more.

English translation by Margaret Hunt Š 1994-2014 Robert Godwin-Jones Virginia Commonwealth University Creative Commons license Attribution Non-commercial

GREECE Pulia and the Morning Star The tale starts off, good evening, ladies and gentlemen.

Once there was a hunter who lived with his wife. And one day the woman gave birth to a beautiful maiden, and they called her Pulia.

But after a short time the woman died, and the hunter he should do something - remarry. The second wife, the stepmother of Pulia gave birth after a short time, and got a little boy they called Morning Star. The older Pulia became, the more jealous stepmother was to her and she wanted to sell her as a slave and secretly talked with her husband. And Morning Star heard what his mother said, and went and told it Pulia: "Dear Pulia, my mother wants to sell you as a slave, what shall we do now?"

Pulia sets off and goes to an old neighbor to ask for advice. And the old woman tells her: "You must go away from her, my girl. When she combs your hair to go to the bazaar, "she says," Morning Star shall pull the bow out of your hair, you have to run after him, and so you will get away. Your mother will follow you, then you need this knife, throw it away behind you and it will make a field that takes no end. But your mother will pass through quickly and catch you. Then you shall take this comb, throw it away and dense brambles will grow, but she will pass through it, too, and seek you. Then you must spread this salt, and there will be a large lake, and your stepmother cannot pass through it and will go back.

"So she gave the children children a knife, a comb and salt and sent them away with good wishes.

As the kids are back at home, the stepmother begins to comb Pulia, and sings to her and tells her s a bunch of lies. Suddenly Morning Star rips the loop from the braid and runs out, Pulia follows, so they come to the road. The stepmother also runs behind and catches up with them. Pulia throws down the knife, and there is a field that has no end. But the stepmother crosses the field and quickly catches up with them again. Pulia throws down the crest, and there is a dense brambles. But the stepmother also passes through this, and so Pulia takes the salt out, and there is a tremendously large lake. The stepmother wanted to cross it, but could not. So she cursed Morning Star, who was her own child but who had denied and went away with her stepdaughter. "There, where will you go, you shall feel thirsty," she said, "and you shalt drink water. And thou shalt be changed in such a beast, as that from whose footprints you are drinking. " After they had gone a long way, Morning Star says: "I'm thirsty, Pulia"! "Go a little further," she says to him, "there is still the source of the king, there you can drink" When they have again gone some distance, the child says, "I'm thirsty, I'm dying of thirst! "And as he finds a footprint of a wolf with water in it, he says," from this I want to drink. ""Do not drink," she says, "because then you will be a wolf and eat me" "If it is so, I do not drink," They go on and on and see on the trail the footprint of a lamb with water in it, and the child says.! "from this I want to drink, I cannot stand it, I'm dying of thirst! ""Do not drink," says Pulia, "for you will be a lamb, and they will kill you.""I have to drink, and if they kill me," he says. And he drank and became a lamb and followed her and bleated: "Bäääh, Pulia, Bäääh, Pulia"!

"Come to me," Pulia said.

Pulia preceding, the lamb Morning Star behind, they walked and walked and came to the fountain of the king. Pulia drew water, soaked the lamb and drank some water, too. There beside the fountain was a high, high cypress, and Pulia asked God. "God, give me strength that I can climb to the top of the cypress' And scarcely had she finished her prayer, she was already on top of the cypress, and there, where she sat, was a golden throne and the lamb stayed down and grazed.

After a short time the king's servants came and wanted to make the horses drink and as they approached the cypress, the horses shied away from earth and broke the halter and fled before the rays of Pulia that shone on the Cypress above. "Get down," the servants said to her, because the horses are afraid to drink the

water.""I will not go down," she says, "let the horses drink, I will not harm them." ÂťClimb down", they said again. "I will not go down."

They went back to the king's son and tell him this and that: " At the spring, on the top of the cypress sits a girl, and her beauty lit, and its rays shy away the horses and they do not want to drink, and we told her that she should descend, but she does not want to. " When the king's son has heard this, he gets up and walks out and says to her that she should be taken down, and she does not want, and he says it to her for a second and third time. "Get down, we will cut the cypress, if you do not come down."

Cut it down, "says the girl," I will not go down. "And so he brought men to cut down the cypress, and whenever they slammed, the lamb came, licked the cypress, and it was twice as strong as before. They struggled and strove to cut down the cypress, but they could not. "Go all out of here," the prince said in his anger. And so they all went away.

In great distress the king´s son goes to an old woman and said to her, "If you let me fetch the girl from the cypress, I fill you your scarf with gold ducats" "I will bring her down well," said the old woman. And she takes a kneading trough and a sieve and flour and gets under the cypress and sets the kneading trough upside down the sieve reversed and starts sieving this way. The girl sees all this from the top of the cypress and shouts: "Turn the sieve, woman, the sieve, take it the other way around, also the kneading trough" The old woman in turn acted as if she could not hear, and said. "I do not hear well, dear girl, come down, "and continues as she has done before. Back to front, woman, the sieve, take it the other way around also the kneading trough," Pulia tells her to second- and third time. And the old woman said again. "I do not hear well, dear girl, come on down and show me, and you will have God's blessing" So the girl went slowly down, and when she started to show it to the old woman, the prince wo had been hidden came out and seized her, she sat on his horse, and away they went.

The poor little lambs that grazed there under the cypress, began to bleat, and also Pulia cried, "My little lamb, my little lamb" Then the king's son says to her: "Do not be afraid, , I will bring you as many lambs as you want. "But how could Pulia possibly accept it?

"I do not want to change it with anything in the world," she says. What should the king's son do? He orders that they bring the lamb into the chamber into the castle, and he marries Pulia. The king loved his daughterin-law very much, but the queen envied her, and one day, when the prince had gone hunting, she took Pulia, for a walk into the garden. As they walked, they came to a dry well. The mother in law gives her a kick and throws Pulia into the well.

The lamb noticed this and began to bleat, and to silence it, the mother went about to kill it. When the prince came back and did not see Pulia, he asked his mother: "Mother, where's the bride?"

"Outside," she said, "and it's a good thing because we want to slaughter the lamb". Hearing this, the lamb runs to the well and says to Pulia. "Pulia, they want to kill me!" "Be quiet, my sweetheart, they will not kill you." "Look, they sharpen the knives, they will slaughter me, they want to kill me!"

What can I do, my sweetheart? "She says," you see where I am. "Then the servants of the Queen seized the lamb and went about to kill it, and when they tried to fix the knife Pulia prayed to God and said, "My God, my brother is killed and I'm sitting in the well!" Suddenly she was able to swing out of the well and ran to the lamb of which they had cut the throat. She was crying and ordered them to leave it. They had slaughtered it. "My lamb," she said, wailed and cried: "My lamb" and she did not find any comfort The unfortunate prince promised her all the lambs in the world. But she did not want it, she only cried, . "My lamb, my lamb!"

Poor rather than good they roasted the lamb and put it on the table. "Come to dinner," they said to her. "I have eaten," she said, "now I do not eat anything."

And when the others had finished the meal, she went and gathered together all the bones and put them in a jar and buried them in the garden. The next morning they see that at that location a high, high orange tree has sprung with a golden orange at the top. As soon as the witch, the mother-in-law sees this tree, she begins to cry. "I want the orange, I want the orange" But no one could reach it , so she got angry and started to climb himself. But the branches turned against her and penetrated her straight in the eyes.

Pulia saw it from afar and says, Let me bring down the fruit.� And when she approaches, the orange tips down by itself and says, Grip me tight, Pulia" And when she took it, there was a clap of thunder, and they flew high in the sky and said, "Good-bye, dear father and you, good king's son. I cannot live in this world.

From the hands of the wicked step-mother, I fell into the hands of the evil mother-in -law. "And since then there are two new constellations in the sky, Pulia, the Pleiades, and the Morning Star. http://www.hekaya.de/maerchen/pulia-und-der-Morning Star--europa_590.html

The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse Aesop

Now you must know that a town mouse once upon a time went on a visit to his cousin in the country. He was rough and ready, this cousin, but he loved his town friend and made him heartily welcome. Beans and bacon, cheese and bread, were all he had to offer, but he offered them freely. The town mouse rather turned up his long nose at this country fare, and said, "I cannot understand, cousin, how you can put up with such poor food as this, but of course you cannot expect anything better in the country; come you with me and I will show you how to live. When you have been in town a week you will wonder how you could ever have stood a country life." No sooner said than done: The two mice set off for the town and arrived at the town mouse's residence late at night.

"You will want some refreshment after our long journey," said the polite town mouse, and took his friend into the grand dining room. There they found the remains of a fine feast, and soon the two mice were eating up jellies and cakes and all that was nice. Suddenly they heard growling and barking.

"What is that?" said the country mouse.

"It is only the dogs of the house," answered the other.

"Only," said the country mouse, "I do not like that music at my dinner!" Just at that moment the door flew open; in came two huge mastiffs; and the two mice had to scamper down and run off.

"Good-bye, cousin," said the country mouse.

"What! Going so soon?" said the other.

"Yes," he replied. "Better beans and bacon in peace than cakes and ale in fear." http://trackstar.4teachers.org/trackstar/ts/viewTrackMembersFramesMember.do;jsessionid=3E9C8 0B6552364D4F0BA35AF516E0799?key=org.altec.trackstar.om.TrackMember%3Btrack_member_i d[1276]

ITALY

The Ogre There lived, once upon a time, in the land of Marigliano, a poor woman called Masella, who had six pretty daughters, all as upright as young fir-trees, and an only son called Antonio, who was so simple as to be almost an idiot. Hardly a day passed without his mother saying to him, ‘What are you doing, you useless creature? If you weren't too stupid to look after yourself, I would order you to leave the house and never to let me see your face again.'

Every day the youth committed some fresh piece of folly, till at last Masella, losing all patience, gave him a good beating, which so startled Antonio that he took to his heels and never stopped running till it was dark and the stars were shining in the heavens. He wandered on for some time, not knowing where to go, and at last he came to a cave, at the mouth of which sat an ogre, uglier than anything you can conceive. He had a huge head and wrinkled brow—eyebrows that met, squinting eyes, a flat broad nose, and a great gash of a mouth from which two huge tusks stuck out. His skin was hairy, his arms enormous, his legs like sword blades, and his feet as flat as ducks'. In short, he was the most hideous and laughable object in the world.

But Antonio, who, with all his faults, was no coward, and was moreover a very civil-spoken lad, took off his hat, and said: ‘Good-day, sir; I hope you are pretty well. Could you kindly tell me how far it is from here to the place where I wish to go?' When the ogre heard this extraordinary question he burst out laughing, and as he liked the youth's polite manners he said to him: ‘Will you enter my service?' ‘What wages do you give?' replied Antonio.‘If you serve me faithfully,' returned the ogre, ‘I'll be bound you'll get enough wages to satisfy you.'

So the bargain was struck, and Antonio agreed to become the ogre's servant. He was very well treated, in every way, and he had little or no work to do, with the result that in a few days he became as fat as a quail, as round as a barrel, as red as a lobster, and as impudent as a bantam-cock.

But, after two years, the lad got weary of this idle life, and longed desperately to visit his home again. The ogre, who could see into his heart and knew how unhappy he was, said to him one day: ‘My dear Antonio, I know how much you long to see your mother and sisters again, and because I love you as the apple of my eye, I am willing to allow you to go home for a visit. Therefore, take this donkey, so that you may not have to go on foot; but see that you never say "Bricklebrit" to him, for if you do you'll be sure to regret it.'Antonio took the beast without as much as saying thank you, and jumping on its back he rode away in great haste; but he hadn't gone two hundred yards when he dismounted and called out ‘Bricklebrit.' No sooner had he pronounced the word than the donkey opened its mouth and poured forth rubies, emeralds, diamonds and pearls, as big as walnuts.

Antonio gazed in amazement at the sight of such wealth, and joyfully filling a huge sack with the precious stones, he mounted the donkey again and rode on till he came to an inn. Here he got down, and going straight to the landlord, he said to him: ‘My good man, I must ask you to stable this donkey for me. Be sure you give the poor beast plenty of oats and hay, but beware of saying the word "Bricklebrit" to him, for if you do I can promise you will regret it. Take this heavy sack, too, and put it carefully away for me.' The landlord, who was no fool, on receiving this strange warning, and seeing the precious stones sparkling through the canvas of the sack, was most anxious to see what would happen if he used the forbidden word.

So he gave Antonio an excellent dinner, with a bottle of fine old wine, and prepared a comfortable bed for him. As soon as he saw the poor simpleton close his eyes and had heard his lusty snores, he hurried to the stables and said to the donkey ‘Bricklebrit,' and the animal as usual poured out any number of precious stones.

When the landlord saw all these treasures he longed to get possession of so valuable an animal, and determined to steal the donkey from his foolish guest. As soon as it was light next morning

Antonio awoke, and having rubbed his eyes and stretched himself about a hundred times he called the landlord and said to him: ‘Come here, my friend, and produce your bill, for short reckonings make long friends.' When Antonio had paid his account he went to the stables and took out his donkey, as he thought, and fastening a sack of gravel, which the landlord had substituted for his precious stones, on the creature's back, he set out for his home. No sooner had he arrived there than he called out: ‘Mother, come quickly, and bring table-cloths and sheets with you, and spread them out on the ground, and you will soon see what wonderful treasures I have brought you.'

His mother hurried into the house, and opening the linen-chest where she kept her daughters' wedding outfits, she took out table-cloths and sheets made of the finest linen, and spread them flat and smooth on the ground. Antonio placed the donkey on them, and called out ‘Bricklebrit.' But this time he met with no success, for the donkey took no more notice of the magic word than he would have done if a lyre had been twanged in his ear. Two, three, and four times did Antonio pronounce ‘Bricklebrit,' but all in vain, and he might as well have spoken to the wind. Disgusted and furious with the poor creature, he seized a thick stick and began to beat it so hard that he nearly broke every bone in its body. The miserable donkey was so distracted at such treatment that, far from pouring out precious stones, it only tore and dirtied all the fine linen. When poor Masella saw her table-cloths and sheets being destroyed, and that instead of becoming rich she had only been made a fool of, she seized another stick and belaboured Antonio so unmercifully with it that he fled before her, and never stopped till he reached the ogre's cave.

When his master saw the lad returning in such a sorry plight, he understood at once what had happened to him, and making no bones about the matter, he told Antonio what a fool he had been to allow himself to be so imposed upon by the landlord, and to let a worthless animal be palmed off on him instead of his magic donkey.Antonio listened humbly to the ogre's words, and vowed solemnly that he would never act so foolishly again. And so a year passed, and once more Antonio was overcome by a fit of home-sickness, and felt a great longing to see his own people again.

Now the ogre, although he was so hideous to look upon, had a very kind heart, and when he saw how restless and unhappy Antonio was, he at once gave him leave to go home on a visit. At parting he gave him a beautiful table-cloth, and said: ‘Give this to your mother; but see that you don't lose it as you lost the donkey, and till you are safely in your own house beware of saying "Table-cloth, open," and "Table-cloth, shut." If you do, the misfortune be on your own head, for I have given you fair warning.'

Antonio set out on his journey, but hardly had he got out of sight of the cave than he laid the table-cloth on the ground and said, ‘Table-cloth, open.' In an instant the table-cloth unfolded itself and disclosed a whole mass of precious stones and other treasures.

When Antonio perceived this he said, ‘Table-cloth, shut,' and continued his journey. He came to the same inn again, and calling the landlord to him, he told him to put the table-cloth carefully away, and whatever he did not to say ‘Table-cloth, open,' or ‘Table-cloth, shut,' to it. The landlord, who was a regular rogue, answered, ‘Just leave it to me, I will look after it as if it were my own.' After he had given Antonio plenty to eat and drink, and had provided him with a comfortable bed, he went straight to the table-cloth and said, ‘Table-cloth, open.' It opened at once, and displayed such costly treasures that the landlord made up his mind on the spot to steal it.

When Antonio awoke next morning, the host handed him over a table-cloth exactly like his own, and carrying it carefully over his arm, the foolish youth went straight to his mother's house, and said: ‘Now we shall be rich beyond the dreams of avarice, and need never go about in rags again, or lack the best of food.'

With these words he spread the table-cloth on the ground and said, ‘Table-cloth, open.' But he might repeat the injunction as often as he pleased, it was only waste of breath, for nothing happened. When Antonio saw this he turned to his mother and said: ‘That old scoundrel of a landlord has done me once more; but he will live to repent it, for if I ever enter his inn again, I will make him suffer for the loss of my donkey and the other treasures he has robbed me of.'

Masella was in such a rage over her fresh disappointment that she could not restrain her impatience, and, turning on Antonio, she abused him soundly, and told him to get out of her sight at once, for she would never acknowledge him as a son of hers again. The poor boy was very depressed by her words, and slunk back to his master like a dog with his tail between his legs. When the ogre saw him, he guessed at once what had happened. He gave Antonio a good scolding, and said, ‘I don't know what prevents me smashing your head in, you useless ne'er-do-well! You blurt everything out, and your long tongue never ceases wagging for a moment. If you had remained silent in the inn this misfortune would never have overtaken you, so you have only yourself to blame for your present suffering.' Antonio listened to his master's words in silence, looking for all the world like a whipped dog.

When he had been three more years in the ogre's service he had another bad fit of home-sickness, and longed very much to see his mother and sisters again. So he asked for permission to go home on a visit, and it was at once granted to him. Before he set out on his journey the ogre presented him with a beautifully carved stick and said, ‘Take this stick as a remembrance of me; but beware of saying, "Rise up, Stick," and "Lie down, Stick," for if you do, I can only say I wouldn't be in your shoes for something.' Antonio took the stick and said, ‘Don't be in the least alarmed, I'm not such a fool as you think, and know better than most people what two and two make.' ‘I'm glad to hear it,' replied the ogre, ‘but words are women, deeds are men. You have heard what I said, and forewarned is forearmed.' This time Antonio thanked his master warmly for all his kindness, and started on his homeward journey in great spirits; but he had not gone half a mile when he said ‘Rise up, Stick.'

The words were hardly out of his mouth when the stick rose and began to rain down blows on poor Antonio's back with such lightning-like rapidity that he had hardly strength to call out, ‘Lie down, Stick;' but as soon as he uttered the words the stick lay down, and ceased beating his back black and blue.

Although he had learnt a lesson at some cost to himself, Antonio was full of joy, for he saw a way now of revenging himself on the wicked landlord.

Once more he arrived at the inn, and was received in the most friendly and hospitable manner by his host.

Antonio greeted him cordially, and said: ‘My friend, will you kindly take care of this stick for me? But, whatever you do, don't say "Rise up, Stick." If you do, you will be sorry for it, and you needn't expect any sympathy from me.'

The landlord, thinking he was coming in for a third piece of good fortune, gave Antonio an excellent supper; and after he had seen him comfortably to bed, he ran to the stick, and calling to his wife to come and see the fun, he lost no time in pronouncing the words ‘Rise up, Stick.' The moment he spoke the stick jumped up and beat the landlord so unmercifully that he and his wife ran screaming to Antonio, and, waking him up, pleaded for mercy. When Antonio saw how successful his trick had been, he said: ‘I refuse to help you, unless you give me all that you have stolen from me, otherwise you will be beaten to death.'

The landlord, who felt himself at death's door already, cried out: ‘Take back your property, only release me from this terrible stick;' and with these words he ordered the donkey, the table-cloth, and other treasures to be restored to their rightful owner. As soon as Antonio had recovered his belongings he said ‘Stick, lie down,' and it stopped beating the landlord at once.

Then he took his donkey and table-cloth and arrived safely at his home with them. This time the magic words had the desired effect, and the donkey and table-cloth provided the family with treasures untold.

Antonio very soon married off his sister, made his mother rich for life, and they all lived happily for ever after. http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/lfb/gy/gyfb34.htm

POLAND The Legend of Wars and Sawa

Dawno temu, when Poland was young, the lands were filled with forests, fields, and wild animals. Kings and mythical creatures roamed the land.

Warszawa was not yet a town, let alone the huge, bustling city it is today. In fact, Warszawa was not yet even the capital of the Polish kingdom. It was just a hut owned by a fisherman on the banks of the Wisła river.

This fisherman was called Wars and he was a great fisherman. He kept his nets straight, knew where to fish, and kept his gear in good working order. He was also kind- he always threw back fish which were too small or which he could tell were pregnant and never caught more than he needed to feed himself and a small amount to sell on the market. At the end of his hard day, he would always say a prayer to thank God for giving him another day to fish and would always say a thank you for the fish he caught. Wars was not only these things, he was also handsome.

One day, he saw a beautiful Syrena by his home. She was at the sandy bank, under a Wierzba tree. The same willow trees Chopin composed music about.Her name was Sawa. She was beautiful. Blonde, long hair. Blue eyes. Pale skin. And a mermaid's tale. She was singing a song, the kind humans no longer remember how to sing, about Nature, life, death, the wilderness of the Earth and Sea. Sawa had been watching Wars for many weeks after having travelled down the Wisła from the Baltic Sea. She knew he was kind, humble, not selfish at all. She had fallen in love.

Wars approached her cautiously, trying not to scare her. He sat down a few feets from her on the sandy bank and listened as she sang to him more.At the end of the song, she waved and disappeared under the waters.This happened at the end of the day between them for several days.Finally, Wars could not stand it anymore. He stopped her singing before she could leave him. "I love you. I don't know how but I feel like I've always known you. Please, stay with me. Be my wife."

Sawa looked at him with love in her eyes and said "And I love you. But I am a Syrena and you are man. I must live in the waters or I will die. And you must live on Earth so that you can breathe and live on, for now." Wars was devastated at this and said, "But what am I supposed to do? I love you, I cannot imagine you not in my life. Please, there must be a way." Sawa told Wars, "I will stay here in your river and will watch over you forever. And, I will watch over our children and our children's children and so on. But our children must live on land with you."

And so it was. They saw each other throughout the day while Wars fished and Sawa swam through the waters, keeping their children safe as they swam and played and grew. Years passed happily for them together, and then Wars passed away, as humans do. But Sawa still swims in the Wisła, watching over their children's children.

She guards Warszawa, which is named in memory of their love for one another, and sings songs in the cool shadows of the willows, about Nature, life, death, the wilderness of the Earth and Sea. And love.

http://polishmamaontheprairie.blogspot.de/2012/06/bedtime-story-i-tell-my-kids-wars-i.html

The Dragon of Krakow Long ago in Poland’s early history, On the River Vistula, there was a small settlement of wooden huts inhabited by peaceful people who farmed the land and plied their trades. Near this village was Wawel Hill. In the side of Wawel Hill was a deep cave. The entrance was overgrown with tall, grass, bushes, and weeds. No man had ever ventured inside that cave, and some said that a fearsome dragon lived within it.

The young people of the village didn’t believe in the dragon.

The old people of the village said that they had heard their fathers tell of a dragon that slept in the cave, and no man must dare awaken it, or there would be dire consequences for them all. Some of the youths decided to explore the cave and put an end to such foolish talk. They thought that they knew better and dragons were just old stories from the past.

A group of these young people took some torches and went to the cave. They slowly entered the cave until they came to a dark mass of scales blocking their way and the sound of heavy breathing. The boys ran as the dragon awakened and roared. Fire came from its mouth warming the boys heels and backs. When they were far enough away, they looked back and saw the dragon at the entrance of the cave, very angry being awakened from its sleep. From that day on, the people knew no peace.

Every day the dragon appeared and carried off a sheep or preferably young virgins. The populace made many attempts to kill the dragon but nothing succeeded and many of those that attempted were killed.

In the village lived a wise man, or a shoemaker or a shoe makers apprentice named Krakus or Krac. He got some sheep and mixed a thick, yellow paste from sulfur. Krakus smeared it all over the animals. Then led them to a place where the dragon would see them. The dragon came out as expected, saw the sheep, roared, rushed down the hill and devoured the sheep.

The dragon had a terrible fire within him, and a terrible thirst. It rushed to the River Vistula and started drinking. It drank and drank and could not stop. The dragon began to swell, but still it drank more and more. It went on drinking till suddenly there was a great explosion, and the dragon burst. There was great rejoicing by the people.

Krakus, was made ruler of the village, and they built a stronghold on Wawel Hill. The country prospered under the rule of Krakus and a city grew up around the hill which was called Krakow, in honour of Krakus.

When Krakus died, the people gave him a magnificent burial, and erected a mound over his tomb which can be seen to this day. The people brought earth with their own hands to the mound, and it has endured through all the centuries as a memorial to the person that killed the dragon of Krakow.

The large 200-foot-long cave in Wawel Hill, Krakow, which has been known for centuries as the monster’s den, now attracts thousands of visitors each year. Whatever the truth of the dragon legend, the Dragon’s Cave (Polish ‘Smocza Jama’) is Cracow’s oldest residence, inhabited by man from the Stone Age through the 16th century. http://www.anglik.net/polish_legends_dragon.htm

SLOVAKIA

The mystery of the three pennies There was once a poor man who had beside a country road digging a ditch. No one knows how it happened, but one day even drove the king on this road. When he saw the man with his hard work, he stopped and asked in astonishment: "Tell me, my good man, how much money you earn in a day when you work so hard" "Gracious King, I get three pennies a day."

The King was surprised about the low pay and asked how the man could live three pennies. He replied, "If I could keep all the money to live, so this would be easy. But from these three pence I must give back, loan the other and from the remaining third I live. " The king tried to understand the man, rubbing his hand over his forehead, as if to rethink everything. But he did not find out what give back 'and loan meant. Therefore, he finally asked his subject to clear up the mystery.

Then the poor man said, "Your Highness, it is this: I take care of my father who is a quite old and can barely get out of his bed. But he raised me, and I owe him gratitude. So I give him one of my pennies. But then I have a young son. I give him the second penny so I can get something from him when I myself am old. And the third penny is left for me to live. " The king understood and said happily: "Good man, I have twelve counselors and ministers at home. But the more I give them as a reward, the more they complain, it would not be enough to live on. When I get home, I will give them your puzzle. However, if they come to you to ask you about the solution, you must not tell them before you've seen my picture. " Then he gave the man a handful of ducats and drove on. Hardly returned home, he called his counselors and toild them, "I give you so much money," he said to them, "and yet it is not enough you as a living. But in my country I have met a man who earns three pennies a day only. From these three dimes he returns one, he gives one a s a loan, and from the remaining one he lives. And he is honest. As my wise counselors you should know what is behind this story. If you do not tell me the solution of this puzzle within a week, I will chade you all from my country, because if you cannot find the solution, it is wrong that you eat my bread " The much-vaunted counsellors frowned and made solemn faces and discussed for a long time. But they found no solution, because each of them wanted to be wiser than the other. Here, the mind of ordinary people would have been sufficient. So the first day and the second passed. They were soon asked to come before the king, and they still had not found a solution Finally someone told them where they could find the poor man who could help them as the only out of this difficult situation. They did not hesitate and visited him immediately. With prayers and threats they wanted to make him tell them the secret of the dimes. But the man refused to be intimidated. Instead, he referred to the royal command to remain silent.

"But," he said, "if you show me a picture of the king, the matter might be good, just as fine flour arises out of a coarse rye." "How could we show you a picture of the king?" cried the guide. "The King is not coming at our request to you - and if so you were not allowed to come before him. Tell us another condition that we can meet in order to give you an answer. "

"If you do not find out yourselves, so we will probably not bake bread from the ground rye flour." The desperate advisers promised the man heaven and earth , dragged a lot of money for him, by which he could have lived well without the grace of the king - and all this only to find out his secret. But all their efforts left him cold. He even mocked, and said, ". You are so wise and you cannot find a the solution on your own Finally, the righteous man had pity on the helpless questioners. He pulled one of the ducats which he had been given by the king out of his pocket, and said, "This coin, which I received from the king, shows his image. So I see him, and therefore I do not violate his command. Therefore I may say what I want. "Then he told them what the solution was.

At the appointed time the courtiers stood before their king and answered the question which he had asked them some days ago. But it was not their own ideas, which they recited, but the thought of the poor man.

The king immediately smelled a rat and sent for the poor man. Enraged, he asked him, "You're a good man.

How can you disrespect and violate my royal commandment and explain the mystery of the three pennies?

"Most gracious Lord, I have strictly kept to your instructions and was silent as a grave. It was only after I saw your picture, I was ready to talk. Here it is, you yourself have given it to me. "With these words he drew a ducat from his pocket. Then he talked about the twelve advisors, their threats and their gifts, and also that he had made fun of them.

It seems to me, "said the King," thou hast more sense than my twelve royal advisor. In the future, you will no longer dig trenches, but live as a respected gentleman in my palace and sit next to me in the royal council. But to his advisors b he said." You ought to be ashamed. What do I do with you? You are not worth the wages I give to you. So I'm not going to pay more in the future but give you less wage, than before. "The twelve men of the court have never gone back to the king to ask for higher pay.

Klasické rozprávky v slovenčine a v nemčine (Klasische Märchen auf Slowakisch und Slowakei

auf

Deutsch),

Belimex,

Bratislava

2007

http://www.goethe.de/lrn/prj/mlg/mai/mem/de8924164.htm

Life and Legend of Juro Jánošík Receiving Gifts from the Fairies After Juro Jánošík buried his parents he left for the mountains. Wandering all night in the dense forests beneath Rozsutec Mountain, he thought about what had happened. In place of his warm home was a desolate wooden cottage and instead of his father and mother it was the cold mountain that welcomed him. He had no one to console him in his sorrow or to advise him what to do.

When dawn came he found himself back at his home village beneath Púpov Hill. He came upon a small lake just deep enough for a man to drown in. He thought about it. How could he continue and accomplish any of his dreams, if he had no one to help him.

Day was dawning; the mist that slowly rose from the lake moved and formed shapes. Then for a moment he saw a creature resembling a woman take form; a beauty with flaxen hair, blue eyes, pale cheeks and a slender body. A fairy?

She called him by name. “How do you know me?” he asked. “I have known you for a long time. Do you remember the day you rescued a girl dressed in rags from a pack of wild dogs?“ “No, truly I don’t. I often help people but usually forget about if afterwards.” he answered. “I have not forgotten. I can at least give you something in return. Come here to the lake in three days.” she said and suddenly vanished into the mist.

The fairy and her companions worked making Jánošík a magical shirt. Using flax that was picked, soaked, spun and sown all in the same night. She, herself, went to the top of the mountain and picked a root of wolf’s bane. Three days later Jánošík met her at the lake.

She said to him, “Before you try to change the world, put on this shirt. It will protect you from every bullet, and from any sword, however strong the hand that wields it. Also, before you start to set the world aright, your hair must be braided. That will give you three times as much strength as you have now. One more thing, before you declare war against the landlords, eat this root of wolf’s bane. It is bitter but will help you become lithe and courageous as a chamois”. (A small goat-like antelope of Europe.) She braided his hair and left. He never saw her again.

Jánošík did as the fairy said. He tried at once to see if she had spoken the truth. He stamped his foot and sure enough, his footprint remained in the stone. He shot himself in the sleeve and there was no hole. Yes, the fairy had not forgotten Jánošík who once saved her life. She helped him to become a highwayman who was unique and without equal.

All the fairies fell in love with Jánošík. They were attracted to him because he was as slender as a fir tree, tall and strong, and was determine to bring down the mountains of wealth that separated the rich from the poor and turn them into valleys of understanding and compassion. Most of them forgot him as soon as he was out of sight. However one who lived in the Podjavorina region, near the village of Makov, would never forget him. She dared to imagine that he would give up the life of a highwayman and come to her and stay by her side forever. Jánošík had a mission so thoughts of love never entered his mind. She waited and yearned and hoped.

One day when Jánošík was on the Moravian side of the Javornivy Mountain, he found the landlord’s men waiting for him. He saw them just at the last moment and quickly went down the steep hill on the Slovak side of the mountain. Yet he would not have escaped if…

Suddenly a deep lake appeared in the meadow. A bridge appeared from nowhere. Not knowing where it would lead he went across the bridge. His pursuers followed him and just as they reached the middle of the bridge it collapsed. They disappeared in the bottomless depths never to be seen again.

When the one who saved his life appeared before him, he offered his heartfelt gratitude. “I don’t know how to repay you.” He said he would give her double whatever she wished. He would dress her in clothes and give her jewels like the fine ladies wear.

She only sighed because he could not give her what she wanted. In an instant she changed into a little wild duck and flew away disappearing forever. It is said that she sat and cried for weeks on end at the place which is now the source of the Kysuca river. Her tears formed a little well and with time it changed into a spring.

http://www.shsnepa.org/Folktales%20and%20Legends/Janosik/Janosik%20Folktales%20P age.htm

SPAIN The enchanted fig tree In the Year of Our Lord 1640 people went in the beautiful city of Granada, in the district of Albaicin according to their daily activities. In a narrow street through which one passes to a hidden cistern, lay the little garden of Maria Tomillo. She lived alone, was a wicked woman and whined a lot. The neighbors thought she was scary. She gave all her love on maintaining her garden, whose magnificent fruit trees represented a great temptation for the young from the neighborhood. When they did not see the old woman outside , they climbed into the branches and filled the bags with the fruit. But the witch always caught them. Then the villains did well to bring themselves to safety as quickly as possible, for the old woman gave them not only curses but also threw stones, which rarely missed their target.

What the old witch most detested, was that someone ate of the fruit of a large fig tree. It provided shade with its dense foliage and especially its fruits were an encouragement for the young came into the garden in order to supply themselves with the delicious fruit. Weary of such attacks, the woman asked the devil that he should enchant the tree in a way that no one could eat the figs. From then on, the figs were so bitter that even if a boy got around to pick one and put it into his mouth, he spat it immediately what the old woman when she watched it every time filled with great satisfaction.

Even the shade of the fig tree was enchanted. Who was lying down there, was attacked by an unknown disease. Many years passed without anyone would have dared to try the figs, because the old woman suddenly died, and her body disappeared to the graveyard. From the night of her death at the neighbors heard strange noises in the nearby cistern, always at midnight. And each of them was sure the old woman now haunted in her beloved garden.

Now a few curious women gathered a window, from which you saw into that garden, and were just waiting that it was midnight. When the twelfth stroke of the church clock had died away, they actually saw the shadow of the old woman getting out of the cistern. High pitched screams ejaculating, she began to circle the fig tree, on whose branches golden fruits were seen. Immediately afterwards more shadowy figures appeared and walked around the tree. They danced faster and faster until the first glimmer of light of a new day. Then the old woman suddenly transformed into an owl, which disappeared again in the well uttering shrieks. From the other shadow ugly birds flew wildly around the tree. until there was a loud moan, and then they all followed the owl in the cistern .

The women were troubled, and when they returned to their homes, they told the family what they had seen and heard. Some of the young felt not everything should be taken seriously. They closed the cistern and laid there waiting. The shadow got out of the sealed cistern and beat up the guys so hard that their wounds had to be treated by a doctor. The church took care of the matter and gave the order of repeated exorcism.

All the trees in the garden were cut, but the leaves of the fig tree grew again. Whenever it was cut down, it grew, flourished again, bore fruit, and no one succeeded in getting rid of the fig tree. The cistern of the old lady still exists, and in the night, some girl might be waiting that the shadow appears and conjures figs of gold in its branches. http://maerchenbasar.de/klassische-maerchen/westeuropa/spanien/1445-der-verzaubertefeigenbaum.html

The magic mirror It was proclaimed throughout the kingdom of Granada that the king had decided on marrying. The news was first told to the court barber, then to the night watchmen, and, in the third place, to the oldest woman in the city of Granada. The barber told all his customers, who again told all their friends. The night watchmen in crying the hour proclaimed the news in a loud voice, so that all the maidens were kept awake by thinking of the news, and by day they were being constantly reminded by all the old dueñas that the king had resolved to marry.

After the news had become somewhat stale, the question was asked, “Who is the king going to marry?” To which the barber made reply, that probably “, he would marry a woman.” “A woman!” exclaimed his hearers. “Why, what else could he marry?” “Not all women are worthy the name,” answered the barber.

“Some more resemble the unbaptized, of whom I say, abernuncio.”

“But what mean you, good friend?” demanded his customers. “Is not the king to find a woman for wife in our land of Spain?” “He would,” replied the barber, “with greater ease find the reverse; but to find a woman worthy to be his wife I shall have great trouble.” “What, you?” exclaimed all of them. “What have you got to do with providing the king with a wife?”

“I am under royal licence, remember,” said he of the razor; “for I am the only man in the kingdom permitted to rub the royal features. I am the possessor of the magic mirror also, into which if any woman not being thoroughly good shall look, the blemishes on her character will appear as so many spots on its surface.” “Is this one of the conditions?” asked all. “This is the sole condition,” replied the barber, placing his thumbs in the armholes of his waistcoat and looking very wise.

“But is there no limit as to age?” they again inquired. “Any woman from eighteen years upwards is eligible,” said the possessor of the mirror. “Then you will have every woman in Granada claiming the right to be queen!” all exclaimed. “But, first of all, they will have to justify their claim, for I will not take any woman at her word. No; she will have to gaze into the mirror with me by her side,” continued the barber.

The sole condition imposed on those who desired to become Queen of Granada was made known, and was much ridiculed, as may naturally be supposed; but, strange to say, no woman applied to the barber to have a look into the mirror. Days and weeks went by, but the king was no nearer getting a wife. Some generous ladies would try and prevail on their lady friends to make the trial, but none seemed ambitious of the honour. The king, be it known, was a very handsome man, and was beloved by all his subjects for his many virtues; therefore it was surprising that none of the lovely ladies who attended court should try to become his wife.

Many excuses and explanations were given. Some were already engaged to be married, others professed themselves too proud to enter the barber’s shop, while others assured their friends that they had resolved on remaining single. The latter seem to have been cleverer in their excuses, for it was soon observable that no man in Granada would marry, assigning as a reason for this that until the king was suited they would not think of marrying; though the real cause may have been due to the objection of the ladies to look into the mirror. The fathers of families were much annoyed at the apparent want of female ambition in their daughters, while the mothers were strangely silent on the matter.

Every morning the king would ask the barber if any young lady had ventured on looking into the mirror; but the answer was always the same—that many watched his shop to see if others went there, but none had ventured in. “Ah, Granada, Granada!” exclaimed the king; “hast thou no daughter to offer thy king? In this Alhambra did my predecessors enjoy the company of their wives; and am I to be denied this natural comfort?” “Royal master,” said the barber, “in those days the magic mirror was unknown and not so much required. Men then only studied the arts, but now is science

added to their studies.” “You mean, then,” asked the king, “that an increase in knowledge has done no good?” “I mean more than that,” continued the barber; “I mean that people are worse than they used to be.” “‘God is great!’ is what these walls proclaim; to know is to be wise,” urged the king. “Not always, sir,” said the barber; “for the majority of men and women in the present know too much and are not too wise, although some deem them wise for being cunning. There is as great a distance between wisdom and cunning as there is between the heavens and the earth.”

“Barber,” shouted the king, “thou shalt get me a wife bright as the day, pure as dew, and good as gold—one who shall not be afraid to look into thy magic mirror!” “Sir,” replied the barber, “the only magic about my mirror is that which the evil consciences of the ladies of Granada conjure up. The simple shepherdess on the mountain side would brave the magic power of any mirror, strong in the consciousness of innocence; but would you marry such a lowly one?” “Such a woman is worthy to be a queen, for she is a pearl without price,” answered the king. “Go, bid her come here; and, in the presence of my assembled court, let the gentle shepherdess look into the mirror, after thou hast told her of the danger of so doing.”

The barber was not long in bringing the shepherdess to court with him; and it having been proclaimed throughout the city that the trial was going to be made, the principal hall was soon filled with all the grand ladies and knights of the king’s household. When the shepherdess entered the royal presence she felt very shy at being surrounded by so much grandeur; but she knew enough about her own sex to understand that they inwardly considered her not quite so ugly as they audibly expressed her to be. The king was very much pleased with her appearance, and received her very kindly, telling her that if she desired to be his wife she would have to gaze into the magic mirror, and if she had done aught which was not consistent with her maidenly character, the mirror would show as many stains on its surface as there might be blemishes on her heart.

“Sir,” replied the maiden, “we are all sinners in the sight of God, they say; but I am a poor shepherdess, and surrounded by my flock. I have known what it is to be loved, for, when the sheep have perceived danger, they have come to me for protection.

The wild flowers have been my only ornament, the sky almost my only roof, and God my truest and best friend. Therefore, I fear not to look into that magic mirror; for although I have no ambition to become queen, yet am I not lacking in that pride which is born of the desire to be good.”

Saying this she walked up to the mirror and gazed into it, blushing slightly, perhaps at the sight of her own beauty, which before she had only seen portrayed in the still brook. The court ladies surrounded her; and when they saw that the magic mirror showed no stains on its surface, they snatched it from her, and exclaimed— “There is no magic in it—a cheat has been put on us!” But the king said—“No, ladies; you have only yourselves to thank. Had you been as innocent as this shepherdess, who is going to be my queen, you would not have dreaded looking into the mirror.”

After the marriage the barber was heard to say, that as the magic mirror had now lost its virtue, who could tell but what this charm might be restored to Granada? http://www.worldoftales.com/European_folktales/Romanic_folktale_4.html

SWEDEN The Troll Labor In the year 1660, when I and my wife had gone to my farm (f채boderne), which is three quarters of a mile from Ragunda parsonage, and we were sitting there and talking a while, late in the evening, there came a little man in at the door, who begged of my wife to go and aid his wife, who was just then in the pains of labor. The fellow was of small size, of a dark complexion, and dressed in old gray clothes.

My wife and I sat a while, and wondered at the man; for we were aware that he was a troll, and we had heard tell that such like, called by the peasantry Vettar (spirits), always used to keep in the farmhouses, when people left them in harvest time. But when he had urged his request four or five times, and we thought on what evil the country folk say that they have at times suffered from the Vettar, when they have chanced to swear at them, or with uncivil words bid them go to hell, I took the resolution to read some prayers over my wife, and to bless her, and bid her in God's name go with him.

She took in haste some old linen with her, and went along with him, and I remained sitting there. When she returned, she told me, that when she went with the man out at the gate, it seemed to her as if she was carried for a time along in the wind, and so she came to a room, on one side of which was a little dark chamber, in which his wife lay in bed in great agony. My wife went up to her, and, after a little while, aided her till she brought forth the child after the same manner as other human beings. The man then offered her food, and when she refused it, he thanked her, and accompanied her out, and then she was carried along, in the same way in the wind, and after a while came again to the gate, just at ten o'clock.

Meanwhile, a quantity of old pieces and clippings of silver were laid on a shelf, in the sitting room, and my wife found them next day, when she was putting the room in order. It is to be supposed that they were laid there by the Vettar.

That it in truth so happened, I witness, by inscribing my name.

Ragunda, the 12th of April, 1671.

Pet. Rahm. http://trackstar.4teachers.org/trackstar/ts/viewTrackMembersFramesMember.do;jsessionid=3E9C8 0B6552364D4F0BA35AF516E0799?key=org.altec.trackstar.om.TrackMember%3Btrack_member_i d[1276]

Messing with Trolls In days past a coal burner named Nils lived on a point that juts out into the northwest corner of a certain lake. His little garden patch was left to a farm hand to care for, while he himself lived always in the forest, chopping coal-wood during the summer and burning it in the winter. But no matter how hard he toiled, he did not make substantial money.

One day he was constructing a stack of wood for burning by a lake, when a strange woman came to him from the other side of the lake and asked him if he needed help in his work. "Yes, it would be good to have some assistance," answered Nils. The woman began to carry logs and wood much faster than Nils could draw with his horse. By noon the material was on the ground for a new stack. When evening came she asked Nils what he thought of her day's work, and if she might come again next day.

The coal burner could not well say no, so she returned the following day, and daily after that. When the stack was burned, she assisted him with the drawing, and never before had Nils had so much nor so good coal as that time. Thus the woman remained with him in the forest three years. She became the mother of three children, but this did not bother the coal burner, for she took care of them so he had no trouble from them.

When the fourth year came, she began to be more presuming, and demanded that he take her home with him and living with him as his wife there. Nils said he would think the matter over. He took a long walk and reflected whether he had not made a misstep, and if it might not be a troll woman who had so willingly lent him her company and help.

Involved in these and similar thoughts, he forgot an agreement he had made with the forest woman when she first entered his service, that he would always strike three times with an axe against an old pine tree near the coal kiln when he came up to it. On he went, and suddenly he saw is stack in bright flames, and around it stood the mother and her three children drawing the coal. They drew and slacked so that fire, smoke and sparks filled the air high toward the sky. But instead of using pine branches or the slackening, they had bushy tails to beat the fire with after dipping them in the snow.

Nils knew nothing better to do than to creep back to the pine he had forgotten, and strike it three times with his axe. Then he went forward to the stack where everything was as he was used to see it. The stack burned steadily and well, and the woman went about her duties as usual. When the woman saw Nils again, she again said how much she wanted to go home with him and become his wife.

"The matter shall be settled now," said Nils and left them there for a little while. He went to the east shores of a lake, where there lived a wise old man, and explained his dilemma. The old man advised him to go home and hitch his horse to the coal cart, but harness it so that no loops were in the reins or harness. Then he should ride over the ice on the back of the horse; turn at the coal-kiln without pausing; shout to the troll woman and children to get into the cart; and drive briskly to the ice again.

The coal burner followed the instructions. He harnessed his horse and saw to it carefully that there was no loop on the reins or harness, rode over the ice, up into the woods to the kiln and called to the woman and her children to jump in, at the same time heading for the ice and putting his horse to the best possible speed.

When he reached the middle of the lake, a large pack of wolves came running toward him from the wilderness. He let slip the harness from the shafts, so that the cart and its contents were left standing on the slippery ice, and rode as fast as the horse could carry him straight to the other shore. the troll saw the wolves, she began to call and beg. "Come back! Come back!" she shrieked. "Do it for your youngest daughter, Peewee, at least!"

But Nils hurried on toward the shore. Then he heard her troll relatives calling one to the other, "Brother, sister, and cousin wild, catch hold of the loops and pull!" "He has no loop, "came a reply from the brother.

"Catch him on the northern plain, then." "He does not ride in that direction," said the sister.

And Nils did not go that way, but over fields, stones and roads straight to his home. He had barely arrived when the cousin fired a shot that tore away the corner of the stable and killed his horse on the spot.

Nils, himself fell ill shortly after, and was confined to bed for many weeks. When he recovered his health he sold his cabin in the forest, and cultivated the few acres around his cottage till the end of his days. http://oaks.nvg.org/stal1-3.html

Old Hop-Giant Once upon a time there were two neighbours: one of them rich and the other poor. They owned a great meadow in common, and were supposed to mow together and then divide the hay. But the rich neighbour wanted the meadow for himself alone, and told the poor one that he would drive him out of house and home if he did not come to an agreement with him that whichever one of them mowed the largest stretch of the meadowland in a single day, should receive the entire meadow.

Now the rich neighbour got together as many mowers as he could; but the poor one could not hire a single man. At last he despaired altogether and wept, because he did not know how he could manage to get so much as a bit of hay for the cow.

Then it was that a large man stepped up to him and said, "Do not grieve so. I can tell you what you ought to do. When the mowing begins, just call out 'Old Hop-Giant!' three times in succession, and you'll not be at a loss, as you shall see for yourself." And with that he disappeared. The poor man's heart grew less heavy, and he stopped worrying so desperately.

One fine day his rich neighbour came along with twenty farmhands, and they mowed down one swath after another. The poor neighbour did not take the trouble to begin, for he called out, "Old Hop-Giant! But no one came, and the mowers all laughed at him and mocked him, thinking he had gone out of his mind. Then he called again, "Old Hop-Giant!" And, just as before, there was no hop giant to be seen. And the mowers could scarcely swing their scythes; for they were laughing fit to split. And then he cried for the third time, "Old Hop-Giant!" And there appeared a fellow of truly horrible size, with a scythe as large as a ship's mast.

And now the merriment of the rich peasant's mowers came to an end. For when the giant began to mow and fling about his scythe, they were frightened at the strength he put into his work. And before they knew it he had mown half the meadow.

Then the rich neighbour fell into a rage, rushed up and gave the giant a good kick. But that did not help him, for his foot stuck to the giant. The giant scarcely felt the kick and the attached man any more than a fleabite, and kept right on working.

Then the rich neighbour gave the giant a kick with his other foot; but this foot too stuck fast, and there he hung like a tick. Old Hop-Giant mowed the whole meadow, and then flew up into the air. The rich man had to go along hanging to him like a hawser. Thus the poor neighbour was left sole master of the place. http://oaks.nvg.org/swedish-folktales.html

TURKEY The farmer and Sultan Mahmut Once upon a time it was, and it was not ... In earlier times, when the sieve was still in the straw ... there was once a Padishah called Sultan Mahmut. As he went for a walk on a summer day, this Sultan Mahmut stretched in an open field under a pear tree. He ate a pear, which had fallen to the ground. Then he let call the owner of the pear tree and said to him: "I have a eaten from your pears, do not take it bad ... When you get to Istanbul one day, look for me! If you ask about Sultan Mahmut, everybody can show you the way." The time comes and goes, and our farmer and another farmer dispute over a field. In court, in the place where he lived, he had lost the process.

Because he knew he was right, this judgment hit him hard. He strove diligently to resolve the matter, but he could not a solution... Then his wife said: "I'm getting ready to make a basket full of pears, and you go and search for Sultan Mahmut ! He can take our cause ..."The farmer obeyed the words of his wife, went to Istanbul and asked everywhere for Sultan Mahmut and found the castle of the Padishah. Sultan Mahmut granted him an audience; according to the words of welcome, after a pleasant conversation and after eating and drinking, the Sultan gave an order, and the peasant was led into a nice guest room and put to bed.

At night, the man had to go out for a moment. He opened and he closed several doors away far from the place where he lay, and went astray ... Finally, the guards came to meet him ... They asked what he wanted and who he is ... The man could not tell what was bothering him ... "It must be a spy," they said, and put it, as they had taken him in a cell ...

Meanwhile, exactly three years had passed away ... One day the Sultan remembered the peasant who had brought him pears, made look and search for him. When he learned that he was in prison, it made him very sorry, and he cried, "Make a wish from me" "My Sultan," said the farmer, "I want a hatchet, a rope and a Koran."When the Sultan, who wanted to know why the farmer´s wish were these three things, the farmer said: "With an ax, I will cut down the pear tree under which you were lying. With the rope I will hang my wife, because she sent me with a basket of pears to you ... In the Koran, I will lay my hand and swear that I will no longer greet a man named Mahmut. " The Padishah, who was very pleased with these words, gave him a carrier bag full of gold and congratulated him on his way. http://www.sagen.at/texte/maerchen/maerchen_tuerkei/bauer_sult an.html

Everyone Is Right Once when Nasreddin Hodja was serving as qadi, one of his neighbors came to him with a complaint against a fellow neighbor. The Hodja listened to the charges carefully, then concluded, "Yes, dear neighbor, you are quite right." Then the other neighbor came to him. The Hodja listened to his defense carefully, then concluded, "Yes, dear neighbor, you are quite right." The Hodja's wife, having listened in on the entire proceeding, said to him, "Husband, both men cannot be right." The Hodja answered, "Yes, dear wife, you are quite right. http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/hodja.html#everyone

It Is Difficult to Please Everyone One day Nasreddin Hodja went to market, taking his son with him. There he bought a donkey, and on the way home he let his son ride while he himself walked alongside on foot.

After they had gone some distance they came upon some people who began talking about the pair. "The world is getting crazier and crazier," they said. "That lout of a son is sitting there at ease on the donkey, making his old father walk alongside dripping with sweat."

Nasreddin Hodja heard this comment and had his son climb down, and he himself took a seat on the donkey's back. "Now the people will be satisfied," he murmured.

Soon they came upon another group who likewise were expressing their thoughts about Nasreddin and his donkey, and indeed, loudly enough that the Hodja could hear them. "Have you ever seen anything like that? That must be an unnatural father who makes his poor boy run on foot while he himself rides proudly along on the donkey!"

The Hodja momentarily halted the donkey. "Climb up here with me!" he said to his son.

A short distance later they came upon another party, who likewise expressed their opinion clearly. "Such animal abuse! Isn't that shameless, for a cleric to torment such a poor donkey! Couldn't the two of you use your own legs and give the donkey a little rest?"

The Hodja stopped once again. "Let's climb off!" he said to his son.

They both dismounted and walked along on foot beside the donkey. But they had not gone far when they came upon another group of people who also had something to say about them. They heaped ridicule upon them: "Such a cheapskate! It's just like him to buy a donkey and is then too stingy to use the animal."

"He must be afraid that he will rub the fur off its body."

"Which of the three is the greatest donkey?"

"They just might as well carry the donkey home."

No sooner said than done! Nasreddin Hodja followed this advice.

As soon as the people had gone on their way he said to his son, "If you ever should come into the possession of a donkey, never trim its tail in the presence of other people. Some will say that you have cut off too much, and others that you have cut off too little. If you want to please everyone, in the end your donkey will have no tail at all." http://trackstar.4teachers.org/trackstar/ts/viewTrackMembersFramesMember.do;jsessionid=3E9C80B6552364 D4F0BA35AF516E0799?key=org.altec.trackstar.om.TrackMember%3Btrack_member_id[1276]

ANNOTATIONS - Quotattions

FRANCE Charles Perrault (12 January 1628 – 16 May 1703) was a French author and member of the Académie française. He laid the foundations for a new literary genre, the fairy tale, with his works derived from preexisting folk tales. The best known of his tales include Le Petit Chaperon rouge (Little Red Riding Hood), Cendrillon (Cinderella), Le Chat Botté (Puss in Boots), La Belle au bois dormant (The Sleeping Beauty) and La Barbe bleue (Bluebeard).Some of Perrault's versions of old stories may have influenced the German versions published by the Brothers Grimm 200 years later. The stories continue to be printed and have been adapted to opera, ballet (such as Tchaikovsky's The Sleeping Beauty), theatre, and film. Perrault was an influential figure in the 17th-century French literary scene, and was the leader of the Modern faction during the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Perrault

FRENCH GUIANE Originally from the Amazon, the Arawak and Palikour arrived in the third century, followed by the Caribbean in the eighth. The Arawak, also known as the Lokono, settled the coastal areas of what is now Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname, French Guiana, and parts of the island of Trinidad.French Guyana is a kaleidoscope of ethnicities and cultures. Each has its rituals and customs. Amerindians and Maroons, for example, trying to preserve their traditional way of life associated with the Amazon forest. Upstream of major rivers - Approuague , Oyapock Maroni - men, even in difficult conditions, are bent on perpetuating another custom of the country: the quest for gold.

Cf. http://www.voyageursdumonde.fr/voyage-sur-mesure/voyages/guide-voyage/guyane-francaise/infospratiques/hommes http://www.lonelyplanet.fr/destinations/amerique/guyane-francaise/culture-et-histoire/culture GERMANY The Brothers Grimm), Jacob (1785–1863) and Wilhelm Grimm (1786–1859), were German academics, linguists, cultural researchers, lexicographers and authors who together specialized in collecting and publishing folklore during the 19th century. They were among the best-known storytellers of folk tales, and popularized stories. Their first collection of folk tales, Children's and Household Tales (Kinder- und Hausmärchen), was published in 1812. The tales are available in more than 100 languages http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brothers_Grimm (…)The influence of these books was widespread. (…)Joseph Jacobs was in part inspired by his complaint that English children did not read English fairy tales,in his own words, "What Perrault began, the Grimms completed". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grimms%27_Fairy_Tales GREECE G. A. Megas (1889–1976), Professor of Folklore in the School of Philosophy of the University of Athens and member of the Academy of Athens, was until his retirement director at the Folklore Archives at the Academy of Athens and professor of folklore at the University of Athens. He edited Folktales of Greece in the Folktales of the World series and has published Greek Calendar Customs Greek Folk Tales in Germany. The Folklore Archive was founded in 1918 by Nicolaos G. Politis, with Stilpon Kyriakidis as first Director. In 1926 the Folklore Archive and the National Music Collection, founded in 1914, were placed under the aegis of the Academy of Athens. In 1944 the Senate of the Academy of Athens approved of the first Regulations for the Operation of the Folklore Archive, compiled by Georgios Megas. http://www.academyofathens.gr/ecportal.asp?id=635&nt=18&lang=2

Aesop (620–564 BCE) was an Ancient Greek fabulist or story teller credited with a number of fables now collectively known as Aesop's Fables. Although his existence remains uncertain and (if he ever existed) no writings by him survive, numerous tales credited to him were gathered across the centuries and in many languages in a storytelling tradition that continues to this day. Many of the tales are characterized by animals and inanimate objects that speak, solve problems, and generally have human characteristics. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesop

ITALY Giambattista Basile (1566 – 23 February 1632) was a Neapolitan poet, courtier, and fairy tale collector. He wrote poems and plays and is considered by his masterpiece Il Pentamerone as Europe's first great storyteller.The stories in the Pentamerone were collected by Basile and published posthumously in two volumes by his sister Adriana in Naples, Italy, in 1634 and 1636 under the pseudonym Gian Alesio Abbatutis. These stories were later adapted by Charles Perrault and the Brothers Grimm, the latter making extensive, acknowledged use of Basile's collection. Examples of this are versions of Cinderella, Rapunzel, Puss in Boots, Sleeping Beauty, and Hansel and Gretel. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giambattista_Basile http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentamerone

POLAND Warsaw's name in the Polish language is Warszawa (…) Folk etymology attributes the city name to a fisherman, Wars, and his wife, Sawa. According to legend, Sawa was a mermaid living in the Vistula River with whom Wars fell in love. Actually, Warsz was a 12th/13th-century nobleman who owned a village located at the site of today's Mariensztat neighbourhood.

Krakus, Krak or Grakch was a legendary Polish prince and founder of Kraków, the ruler of the tribe of Lechitians (Poles). Krakus is also credited with building Wawel Castle and slaying the Wawel Dragon by feeding him a dead sheep full of sulfur. The latter is how Krak the cobbler became Krakus the prince, and later king. The first recorded mention of Krakus, then spelled Grakch, is in the Chronica seu originale regum et principum Poloniae from 1190. He is also said to have defeated armies of the Roman Empire, which were attacking from the south. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw#Etymology_and_names http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krakus

SLOVAKIA Juraj Janosik Considered the Slovak Robin Hood for reputedly stealing from the rich to give to the poor, Janosik is a beloved figure in Slovak folk art. He gave rise to many legends, myths, and is a constant mainstay of Slovak literature. Noted for his bravery as a soldier and as a symbol of resistence, Janosik is equally esteemed by Poles; but Janosik’s origins lies in Terchova – a town in Northern Slovakia. Legends surrounding him run aplenty, involving his faultless character as an outlaw with a purpose. One of the better known one is Janosik’s Fist, involving his punishment of an arrogant tyrant on a boulder. http://www.slovakia.com/legends/

SPAIN The legends, fables and legends from Spain are shaped by the country and its history. Many legends, tales and legends date from the time of the religious strife between the world religions Christianity and Islam.

There were added miraculous events, hiking tales or folk tales. These traditions remained alive in the traditions and celebrations in Spain. (…) In addition to these throughout Spain well-known tales (…), other fables and legends exist that are only passed on in a few and remote areas. Some are fictitious. Others came from a true story. Legends should serve as a warning to the common people, not to go astray from the right path.. For a long time folk tales were orally transmitted and are often found in different versions. It was not until the 18th century that folk tales were written down.

Cf http://www.hr-rose.de/?thema=legenden_aus_spanien

SWEDEN Collecting folklore began when Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden sent out instructions to all of the priests in all of the parishes to collect the folklore of their area in the 1630s. They collected customs, beliefs that were not sanctioned by the church, and other traditional material.(…) Perhaps most abundant are the stories about the race of trolls. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian_folklore (…)in Scandinavian folklore, trolls became beings in their own right, where they live far from human habitation, are not christianized, and are considered dangerous to human beings. Depending on the region from which accounts of trolls stem, their appearance varies greatly; trolls may be ugly and slow-witted, or look and behave exactly like human beings, with no particularly grotesque characteristic about them. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian_folklore#Trolls

TURKEY The tradition of folklore—folktales, jokes, legends, and the like—in the Turkish language is very rich, and is incorporated into everyday life and events. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_folklore#Nasreddin_Hoca Nasreddin was a Seljuq satirical Sufi, believed to have lived and died during the 13th century in Akşehir, near Konya, a capital of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, in today's Turkey. He is considered a populist philosopher and wise man, remembered for his funny stories and anecdotes. He appears in thousands of stories, sometimes witty, sometimes wise, but often, too, a fool or the butt of a joke. A Nasreddin story usually has a subtle humour and a pedagogic nature. (…) The Nasreddin stories are known throughout the Middle East and have touched cultures around the world. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasreddin

“If you want your children to be intelligent, read them fairy tales. If you want them to be more intelligent, read them more fairy tales.”

― Albert Einstein

Sources and Links General http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_M%C3%A4rchen http://webs.schule.at/website/Europa/Europa_legend_en.htm http://www.sagen.at/index.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fairy_tales http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:European_fairy_tales http://europeisnotdead.com/disco/books-of-europe/european-fairy-tales/ http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/folktexts.html http://maerchen-welt.eu/index.htm http://www.hekaya.de/maerchen/ http://maerchenbasar.de/index.html http://cayabdl.free.fr/ams/guyane/contes-et-legendes/page-contes-et-legendes-guyane.htm http://europeisnotdead.com/disco/books-of-europe/european-fairy-tales/

Illustrations https://rak12ela10.wikispaces.com/file/view/fairytales.jpg/239653185/fairytales.jpg https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/16/36/b4/1636b499315eacdc66ab13f6c2f56227.jpg http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30871/30871-h/images/col06.jpg http://wwe.pidivn.com/img/wp-content/uploads/1996/02/e1a16584a2d50111470139973d4ff154.gif http://pmcdn.priceminister.com/photo/Comment-Les-Couleurs-Vinrent-Aux-Oiseaux-Conte-De-Guyane-Livre847540127_ML.jpg http://www.4-haen.de/shop/resources/product_images_raw/13742_gr.jpg http://www.phillipmartin.info/webpage/murals/costa_rica/rainforest_toucan.gif https://www.pinterest.com/pin/504332858244069810/ http://allamericanparents.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/a00b7fafae6b0fa308b8d447f01bb9b8.jpg https://freundeskreisbremergeschichtenhaus.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/die-bremer-stadtmusikanten.jpg http://img.free-gazo.com/wp-content/uploads/1974/02/f80017bf9ac882ea79b96b51c14c86e6.jpg http://wiki.ubc.ca/images/3/37/Hind_in_the_wood.jpg http://www.scottgustafson.com/Images/Whats_New/Mini_paintings/full_images/Country_Mouse.png http://www.arbeitsblaetterkindergarten.de/images/stories/ausmalbilderessenundco/Ausmalbild%20Maus%20und%20Kaese.gif

http://images.zeit.de/kultur/literatur/2009-12/goldesel/goldesel-540x304.jpg http://www.goethezeitportal.de/fileadmin/Images/db/wiss/bildende_kunst/illustrationen/maerchen/tischlein_deck_dich /Muehlberg_2_Tischlein__500x775_.jpg http://www.gsgoehl.de/img/maerchen/tischlein3.jpg http://pixabay.com/static/uploads/photo/2012/04/13/14/52/festoon-32703_640.png http://4imgs.com/1063/sys/prod/6390_3_0_0.JPG http://vignette4.wikia.nocookie.net/fairytail/images/0/03/Red_Dragon_by_Brueh.png/revision/latest?cb=2012120519 5638 http://cdn.freebievectors.com/illustrations/12/b/beautiful-flame-vector-clip-red/preview.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Wladyslaw_Skoczylas_-_Janosik.jpg http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Z695UZwf2ys/TkdTXMJrwcI/AAAAAAAAAA4/lrQ-A8s_7xk/s1600/sprookjes-vrouwholle.jpg http://www.gutenberg.org/files/36668/36668-h/images/i04f.jpg http://surlalunefairytales.com/illustrations/beautybeast/images/boyle_beauty10.jpg http://www.schule-und-familie.de/assets/images/Malen/Muttertag/_th1_Malvorlage_rosen.jpg http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-X7F-ZISFQl8/UBSKod-fZeI/AAAAAAAAEOE/hnG71HR0YN4/s1600/Picture+32.png http://fc04.deviantart.net/fs71/f/2012/182/b/b/shadow_wolf_clan__s_macot_by_strongdinnie-d55lq8w.png http://mayhemandmuse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/A-giant-set-to-catch-a-human-looks-at-a-man-in-confusionin-this-antiquated-illustration-by-Julian-de-Narvaez http://www.gratis-malvorlagen.de/bauernhof/pferde-ziehen-pflug/ http://www.kunstkopie.de/kunst/turkish_school/sultan-mahmud-i-of-turkey.jpg http://u.cs.biu.ac.il/~schiff/Net/front2.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/ZDuZunv6B54/U2QkOGL64zI/AAAAAAAASXM/sE_ss3PZaaA/s1600/vintage+flourish.jpg

Legends and Tales France http://www.maerchenatlas.de/category/aus-aller-welt/franzosische-feenmarchen/ http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/type0333.html#grimm http://oaks.nvg.org/french-folktales.html

French Guiane http://cayabdl.free.fr/ams/guyane/contes-et-legendes/page-contes-et-legendes-guyane.htm http://www.potomitan.info/atelier/contes/conte_creole55.php Germany http://trackstar.4teachers.org/trackstar/ts/viewTrackMembersFramesMember.do;jsessionid=3E9C80B6552364D4F0B A35AF516E0799?key=org.altec.trackstar.om.TrackMember%3Btrack_member_id[1276] http://germanstories.vcu.edu/grimm/bremereng.html

Greece http://www.hekaya.de/maerchen/pulia-und-der-morgenstern--europa_590.html http://trackstar.4teachers.org/trackstar/ts/viewTrackMembersFramesMember.do;jsessionid=3E9C80B6552364D4F0B A35AF516E0799?key=org.altec.trackstar.om.TrackMember%3Btrack_member_id[1276]

Italy http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/lfb/gy/gyfb34.htm

Poland http://polishmamaontheprairie.blogspot.de/2012/06/bedtime-story-i-tell-my-kids-wars-i.html http://www.anglik.net/polish_legends_dragon.htm Slovakia http://www.goethe.de/lrn/prj/mlg/mai/mem/de8924164.htm http://www.shsnepa.org/Folktales%20and%20Legends/Janosik/Janosik%20Folktales%20Page.htm

Spain http://maerchenbasar.de/klassische-maerchen/westeuropa/spanien/1445-der-verzauberte-feigenbaum.html http://www.worldoftales.com/European_folktales/Romanic_folktale_4.html

Sweden http://trackstar.4teachers.org/trackstar/ts/viewTrackMembersFramesMember.do;jsessionid=3E9C80B6552364D4F0B A35AF516E0799?key=org.altec.trackstar.om.TrackMember%3Btrack_member_id[1276] http://oaks.nvg.org/stal1-3.html http://oaks.nvg.org/swedish-folktales.html

Turkey http://www.sagen.at/texte/maerchen/maerchen_tuerkei/bauer_sultan.html http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/hodja.html#everyone http://trackstar.4teachers.org/trackstar/ts/viewTrackMembersFramesMember.do;jsessionid=3E9C80B6552364D4F0B A35AF516E0799?key=org.altec.trackstar.om.TrackMember%3Btrack_member_id[1276]

Peaceful Horizons – C.O.M.P.A.S.S.

Participating teachers and schools: FRANCE

Mrs.Sandrine BOITIERE KILANI, Lycée Henri Bergson, Paris

FRENCH GUIANA

Mrs. Sandra MACABRE - Collège La Canopée, Matoury

GERMANY

Ms. Birgit DRUBE-BLOCK - Haupt- und Realschule Grasberg/Worpswede, Worpswede

GREECE

Mrs. Athanasia KRIKONI- 1o Gymnasio Palamas, Palamas Karditsa,

ITALY

Mrs. Giuseppa PICCOTTI - Scuola Secondaria I Grado "Mastro Giorgio", Gubbio

POLAND

Mrs. Katarzyna ŁASTAWIECKA - Fundacja Szkolna, Warszawa

SLOVAKIA

Mrs. Gabriela KRÍŽOVSKÁ - Základná škola s materskou školou, , Poprad

SPAIN

Miss Carmen LOZANO ACEDO - Colegio Nuestra Señora del Carmen, Badajoz

SWEDEN

Mrs. Zenita NORDBERG – Brattebergsskolan, Öckerö

TURKEY

Mr. Yasin SEVIM - Hasan Zeki Boz Anadolu Lisesi, Uşak

"The work presented in this document is supported by the European Union. The content of this document is the sole responsibility of the author and it does not represent the opinion of the European Union and the European Union is not responsible or liable for any use that might be made of information contained herein."