Images of the Future by Beatrice Galimberti

IMAGES OF THE FUTURE Beatrice Galimberti Dec 10th 2015 Politecnico di Milano Milano Horizontal City Town Planning Design Workshop AY 2015-2016

SCENARIO

GRAND PARI(S) de l’agglomération parisienne

UNEVEN GROWTH tactical urbanisms for expanding megacities

SCENARIO

Scenario

-a 1950s military term, taken from game theory -not a prophecy, not a utopia, not a dĂŠrive -a systemic approach

Military strategist and system theorist H. Kahn

Tendential scenario from present to future â&#x2030; Anticipatory scenario from future to present

Military strategist and system theorist H. Kahn

Scenario is not yet a blue print, but it involves a procedure that can help in creating images of the future and in understanding systemically situations outcomes

Scenarios building involves a double approach: -strong abstraction -detailed description of contingencies

Military strategist and system theorist H. Kahn

GRAND PARI(S) de l’agglomération parisienne

Previous experiences

-SDAU, since 1965 Schéma Directeur d’Aménagement et d’Urbanisme / a document -DATAR, since 1963 Délégation à l’Aménagement du Territoire et à l’Action Régionale / an institute

An image of France in 2000. A scenario of unacceptability

-DATAR / OTAM, 1971 -a tendential scenario -a repulsive image, to solicit reaction to present tendencies and to open new degrees of freedom for future actions

3 images for France in 2000 - a 100 million inhabitants France

3 images for France in 2000 - a coastal France

3 images for France in 2000 - agricolture without ground

3 images for 4 societies in 1985

-urban society (still in 2000) -industrial society (still in 2000) -agricoltural society -rural society

An image of France in 2000. A scenario of unacceptability

-a more and more urbanised France - excluded areas -decentralized power vs. international groups -growing of nationalism and jingoism -an unacceptable image to understand itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s time to change directions, a positive tool to understand what to do to build a better future

What is new in Grand Pari(s)?

-an international consultation on a site specific issue -not a traditional ideas competition, but a Research and Development collective project starting from 10 teams -an in becoming work (still existing) -an anticipatory scenario approach -a multiscalar design approach -a multidisciplinary approach

Actors

-ComitĂŠ de pilotage -Scientific committee -Scientific operational team SDAU 2008 for data provision -10 research teams with a multidisciplinary approach (ar-

chitects, urban designers, urban planners, landscape architects, engineers, economists, political analysts, geographers, historians, demographers, sociologists, specialists in mobility, commercial urbanism, tertiary urbanism, university urbanism, industrial urbanism, tourism, housing )

teamleaders

Aims

-a coherent work, at the same time theoretical and practical, conceptual and operative -a â&#x20AC;&#x153;territorial reflectionâ&#x20AC;? on XXI century metropolis (global) and on the agglomĂŠration parisienne (local)

Outcomes

-each teams had to produce two parallel researches: 1) a theoretical and conceptual work on the future of XXI century post-Kyoto metropolis; 2) a practical and operative work on the agglomĂŠration parisienne prospective diagnosis. The two works are focused on contemporary city spacial dimension, putting the urban at the center of sustinable development issues , providing long term vision for next steps of negotiation and decision making for a democratic governance

Timeline mar 2008

Opening of the International consultation

jun 2008 jan 2009

Call for

2008

apr nov 2009

oct 13th

• teams

10 Research Teams at work

19th • march 3rd Seminar R&D phase, • with internal seminars

from 2011

Cité de

• 1st Seminar dec 11th • 2nd Seminar

Exhibition of the Research Teams works

a scientific

• l’architecture

• commettee of

et du patrimoine

Publishing • of research works

Atelier International du Grand Paris

14 multidisciplinary teams

• www.ateliergrandparis.fr • R&D +

participatory approach

2015

5+1 Themes

-Building the metropolis -Soft metropolis -Toward a mutational, adaptive and recycling urbanism -From places to connections -Nature as a partner for metropolis -Building the Grand Parisiens

5+1 Themes - Building the metropolis

-thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s no Grand Paris without Paris nor Paris whitout Grand Paris -Paris MĂŠtropole against the territorial injustices * -not a fixed perimeter, a trans-scalar approach

* see space injustice and space capital concepts in Bernardo Secchi (2013)

5+1 Themes - Soft metropolis

-variations on the accessibility concept: mosaic metropolis patchwork city open matrix porous city ville douce -improving urban mixitĂŠ -improving nature mixitĂŠ -improving the mobility networks: a 30 min. city

5+1 Themes - Toward a mutational, adaptive and recycling urbanism

-an urbanism of mutation and not more an urbanism of expansion -urbanisme de ricyclage la ville sur la ville mĂŠtropole douce transformation radicale de lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;existant urbanism sensible optimisation -the re-birth of the pavillionaire: adaptation, evolution and densification of the existing fabrics

5+1 Themes - From places to connections

-fluxes design as a main feature -challenging the proximity concept -the XXI century city is built out of Paris -railway stations and turnouts as a value to develop at different scales -surface public transports make the territory more readable

5+1 Themes - From places to connections

different transportation scenarios- polycéntrique/polynucléaire/multipolaire/ville intense-ville légère/isotropique/rhizomatique

5+1 Themes - Nature as a partner for metropolis

5+1 Themes - Nature as a partner for metropolis -diversifying sources + reducing needs -active strategies and passive strategies -a multiscalar connection between urban and nature -designing the border between urban and rural -challenging agricolture: from heritage to assets -an agricolture of proximity (to nourish 16m inhabitants) -the Seine as the backbone of a complex and mixed system

5+1 Themes - Building the Grand Parisiens

-Grand Pari(s) has to be supportive and poetic, that is to say a manifesto -metropolis as an expression of collective memory: from topography to topology, from single monuments to a diffuse monument -Grand Paris(s) as the framework for a mixed top-down and bottom-up next development process

Teams

Roland Castro

Richard Rogers

Christian de Portzamparc

Antoine Grumbach

Studio 09 B. Secchi P. ViganĂ˛

AUC

Djamel Klouche

LIN

Jean Nouvel

Finn Geipel

Groupe Descartes Yves Lion

MVRDV

Antoine Grumbach - Seine Metropole: Paris, Rouen, Le Havre

LIN - Ville intense et ville lĂŠgĂ¨re

LIN - Ville dense et ville légère

Richard Rogers - Les armatures MĂŠtropolitaines

Groupe Descartes - Paris Capitale Region Ville Villes

Christian de Portzamparc - Penser Agir

Christian de Portzamparc - Penser Agir multipolar

green belt

Roland Castro - Le Grand Pari(s) du devoir dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;urbanitĂŠ

Jean Nouvel - Paris Les Renaissances

AUC

Studio 09 - La ville poureuse

MVRDV - Paris PLUS petit (Capa-city) Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;intensification

UNEVEN GROWTH tactical urbanisms for expanding megacities

MoMa Exhibitions- Issues in Contemporary Architecture

2009

2011

2014

Uneven Growth: a double nature

Website - Tactical Urbanisms

Exibition - Design Scenarios

Uneven Growth Exhibition

-6 interdisciplinary teams of researches and practitioners to examine new architectural possibilities for 6 global metropolises -Each team developed proposals for a specific city in a series of workshops occurred in a 14 months initiatives

Tendential scenario

5 bn 2 bn people will be living in urban areas by 2030*

people will be living in illigal dwellings by 2030**

* Pedro Gadanho, Mirroring Uneven Growth in Uneven Growth Tactical urbanisms for expanding megacities, 2014 ** Barry Bergdoll, Preface in Uneven Growth Tactical urbanisms for expanding megacities, 2014

Design scenarios

- the pairing of local practices to international research teams was deemed essential to produce unforseen perspectives on urban inequality in contemporary global cities -the adoption of the nascent idea of design scenarios was also deemed essential to tackle this urban problem

Aim of Uneven Growth

- Uneven Growth seeks to challenge current assumptions about the relationships between formal and informal, topdown and bottom-up urban development -Uneven Growth seeks to address potential changes in the roles architects and urban designers might assume the increasing inequality of current urban development, design professions have much to offer at the first stages of framing issues rather than only late in the game once other models of thinking and planning have wworked through a set of problems

Tactical Urbanisms

-Cities are complex but incomplete systems (Sassen), so tactics become a necessity because there is no definitive format. how tactical attitudes could inform design visions for the outcomes of contemporary uurban inequality? -tactical urbanisms provide inspiration for design tools that mix top-down and bottom-up impulses, such an idea echoes open-source urbanism -tactical urbanisms are a mode of making at once local and multi-sited in that it can recurs in city after city -tactical urbanism can be an alternative to neoliberal urbanism*

* see Neil Brenner, Is tactical urbanism an alternative to neoliberal urbanism? on http://post.at.moma.org/content_ items/587-is-tactical-urbanism-an-alternative-to-neoliberal-urbanism

6 design scenarios and tactical urbanisms

Hong Kong

Istanbul

Lagos

Mumbai

New York

Rio de Janeiro

East Asia

Europe

Africa

South Asia

North America

Latin America

Hong Kong - Hong Kong Is Land MAP Office-Hong Kong Network Architecture Lab, Columbia University-NY

Hong Kong - Hong Kong Is Land

Istanbul - KITO tactics Superpool-Istanbul, Atelier d’architecture Autogérée-Paris

Istanbul - KITO tactics

Lagos - Urban commons NLĂ&#x2030; & Zoohaus-Lagos and Amsterdam, Intelligencias colectivas-Madrid

Lagos - Urban commons

Mumbai - Tabula pronta URBZ: user generated cities-Mumbai, Ensamble Studio-Madrid, MIT-POPlab, Cambridge

Mumbai - Tabula pronta

New York - The other New York City SITU Studio - New York, Cohabitation Strategies - Rotterdam and New York

New York - The other New York City

Rio de Janeiro - Varanda RUA Arquitectos-Rio de Janeiro, MAS Urban Design ETH Zurich

Rio de Janeiro - Varanda

Other past exhibitions and researches on the same topics

Exhibitions: -Century City, Tate Modern, London, 2001 -Mutations, Arc en Reve, Bordeaux, 2001 -Architecture Biennale in Venice, 2006 Researches: -OMA (for China, Latin America, Africa) -BMW Guggenheim Lab, Guggenheim NY, 2011 -Audi Urban Future Initiative, Columbia University, NY, 2013

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SCENARIO

-Gadahno P. (2014) “Mirroring Uneven Growth. A speculation on Tomorrow’s Cities Today” in Gadanho P., Springstubb P. (edited by), (2014) Uneven Growth: Tactical Urbanisms for Expanding Megacities; New York: The Museum of Modern Art -Viganò P. (2010) I territori dell’Urbanistica. Il Progetto come Produttore di Conoscenza; Roma: Officina Edizioni

GRAND PARI(S) de l’agglomération parisienne

DATAR. An image for France in 2000 -http://www.datar.gouv.fr/scenarios-de-linacceptable-une-image-de-la-france-en-lan-2000-1972 -Viganò P. (2010) I territori dell’Urbanistica. Il Progetto come Produttore di Conoscenza; Roma: Officina Edizioni Grand Pari(s) consultation internationale 2008-2009: -Apur atelier parisien d’urbanisme (edited by) (2009) Une petite synthèse du Grand Pari(s) de l’agglomération par-

isienne in Paris Projet n. 39; Paris: Apur -http://www.apur.org/ -http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/actualites/communiq/albanel/cpgdpari.pdf -http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/actualites/communiq/albanel/dpgdpari.pdf -http://www.ateliergrandparis.fr/aigp/conseil/consultation2008.php Grand Pari(s) developments: -Apur atelier parisien d’urbanisme (edited by) (2013) Atlas du Grand Paris; Paris: Apur / Wildproject -Apur atelier parisien d’urbanisme (edited by) (2014) Abécédaire de la future Métropole du Grand Paris – Carnet 1:

état des lieux thématique; Paris: Apur / IAU îdf -Apur atelier parisien d’urbanisme (edited by) (2015) Abécédaire de la future Métropole du Grand Paris – Carnet 2:

une métropole de toutes les échelles; Paris: Apur / IAU îdf -http://www.ateliergrandparis.fr/

UNEVEN GROWTH tactical urbanisms for expanding megacities

-Gadhanho P., Springstubb P. (edited by), (2014) Uneven Growth: Tactical Urbanisms for Expanding Megacities; New York: The Museum of Modern Art -http://uneven-growth.moma.org/ -http://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/1400?locale=en -http://post.at.moma.org/themes/15-uneven-growth-reflections-on-a-curatorial-process -http://post.at.moma.org/content_items/587-is-tactical-urbanism-an-alternative-to-neoliberal-urbanism -http://post.at.moma.org/content_items/410-uneven-growth-bibliography