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ONE MORE THING… LOOKING BACK AT APPLE’S iPHONE EVENTS

THE DOCTOR WILL SCAN YOU NOW

AMAZON IS 2ND US COMPANY TO REACH $1 TRILLION MARKET VALUE

32 BEFORE PARENTAL ‘SCREEN TIME’ CONCERNS: RADIO, EVEN NOVELS

CALIFORNIA NET NEUTRALITY BILL GOES TO GOV. JERRY BROWN 24 UTAH POLICE USE NEW TECHNOLOGY TO TRACE BALLISTIC EVIDENCE 28 HUMANS STILL HEFT GROCERIES ON-DEMAND, FOR NOW 38 NASA ANXIOUS TO HEAR FROM MARS ROVER AS DUST STORM CLEARS 64 FACEBOOK ADDS ALASKA’S INUPIAQ AS LANGUAGE OPTION 78 DUELING PICKUPS, POPULAR SUV AMONG NEW MODELS COMING IN 2018 86 ‘SMALL FRY’ MORE THAN A STEVE JOBS STORY 98 BOX OFFICE TOP 20: ‘CRAZY RICH ASIANS’ NO. 1 FOR THIRD WEEK 126 LONDON SHOW EXPLORES HIDDEN WORLD OF FACIAL RECOGNITION 136 WHAT IS SHADOW BANNING? 144 ROBOT BOAT SAILS INTO HISTORY BY FINISHING ATLANTIC CROSSING 154 PLUTO EXPLORER SPOTS NEXT DESTINATION BILLION MILES BEYOND 164 UEFA SETS 2019 SUPER CUP TARGET TO START USING VIDEO REVIEW 176 FANS REJOICE: SUBSCRIPTION-FREE STREAMING FOR NFL GAMES 180 DRIVEN BY CLIMATE CHANGE, FIRE RESHAPES US WEST 186 WILL RUSSIAN HACKERS AFFECT THIS YEAR’S US ELECTION? 196 PHONE BAN AT SCHOOL: FRENCH CHILDREN FORCED TO HANG UP 218

TOP 10 APPS 106 iTUNES REVIEW 110 TOP 10 SONGS 166 TOP 10 ALBUMS 168 TOP 10 MUSIC VIDEOS 170 TOP 10 TV SHOWS 172 TOP 10 BOOKS 174

RUNNING LIKE CLOCKWORK As Apple are about to unveil the fourth generation of the Apple Watch, we at Apple Magazine are going to consider what Appleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s broader strategy for the device is going to be â&#x20AC;&#x201C; why all the health and wellbeing apps and sensors are working together to produce a truly holistic snapshot for the individual user and what Appleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ultimate vision for this information can be. From 2002 to 2004, Apple Design Chief Jonathan Ive and other members of the design team were ordering lots of high-end Nike sports watches. At irst Nike thought they appreciated great design and were lattered that the best in breed technology company was taking a similar approach to sports watches. Nobody realized that these were the irst concrete steps towards the gestation of what would eventually become the Apple Watch. Lots of patents and design work began and the rumor mills worked overtime that Apple was planning on producing a health band for runners or itness enthusiasts that would count steps, measure heartbeats and would have a multimedia dock allowing it to link up to an iPod or iPhone.

Apple — September Event 2014

Then in September 2014 after Tim Cook had already announced the groundbreaking iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus and the irst appearance of mobile payment system Apple Pay, they dropped the oicial Apple Watch on us for the irst time. Described by Cook on the day as “A comprehensive health and itness device”, it was certainly a beautiful looking piece of technology. This was signiicant as they laid out that it was not going to be just another lashy timepiece – it was going to be an integral part of your daily life including your workouts. 11

AN APPLE A DAY… The Apple Watch has come on in a similar launch cycle to the iPhone and is about to have it’s series 4 launch but the WatchOS is where the health and itness magic really happens. Between the launches of the series 2 and series 3 Apple Watch, the health and itness tracking capabilities became front and center selling points to attract and active user base. This was a product not aimed at sedentary techies at desks and basements but for active adults and families. Consider the latest iteration in the line – the Apple Watch 3 – and what it brings to the party. An altimeter to accompany the already best in show GPS. Not to be confused as a tool for pilots, the simple functionality allows better tracking of stairs climbed throughout the day and tracks steps better. Gymkit, a delightful pun and a seamless NFC sync function that connects the Apple Watch to the latest edition treadmills and ellipticals that will sync workout data accurately and in real time to get the most accurate calorie burn data. The wellness suite of apps such as Workout which allows a user to add exercises to an existing workout and also supports the latest trendy gym activities such as HIIT – high intensity interval training for example.

REMEMBER TO BREATHE Also apps such as Breathe which encourages mindful relaxation and breathing, Heart which logs in depth data through the day, Cardiogram with an incredible 85% success rate at detecting diabetes and the Apple Health app with it’s myriad of data points including heart rate variability, recovery and VO2 estimates that can have even a weekend jogger pouring over their activity looking for marginal gains like Geraint Thomas in the Tour De France. Add in the already established and popular achievements and movement rings features, general distance tracking and movement and sleep measurement and accelerometers and the Apple Watch is not just the best smart watch available, but a top of the line fully functioning all-in-one itness tool too. But what is Apple’s endgame with all of the data and it’s availability? Maybe the best clues lie in what the world’s irst Trillion-dollar company is planning for its own employees. Tim Cook has already gone on record to say that the company can make a “meaningful impact” in the healthcare industry. Recently the Financial Times discovered that Apple was planning to launch a network of medical clinics for its employees and their families. The AC Wellness Network describes itself as an “independent medical practice dedicated to delivering compassionate, efective healthcare to the Apple employee population” and has been recruiting since Spring 2018.

APPLECARE – FOR PEOPLE Being Apple, this is clearly not going to stop with handing out band-aids and lollipops to employees who are feeling a little below par. The Financial Times article continues: “Since the launch of the Apple Watch in 2014, Apple has used the HealthKit and ResearchKit software and data platforms to connect its users’ health information across third-party apps and into clinical research projects. Apple is working with Stanford University on a study to see if the Apple Watch’s sensors can detect heart abnormalities and in a recent software update, iPhone owners will be able to download their electronic medical records from some US hospitals”.

Apple is already partnering with several of the major US healthcare providers on a technological level so bringing the Apple Watch into line with this functionality, giving patients agency over their own symptoms and treatments with doctors being able to study their data and records is a beneicial step if they buy into the idea of constant monitoring and electronic intervention. The Apple approach is to embed the use of its technology into daily routines and life as seamlessly as possible. People just walk or move naturally and the Apple Watch automatically logs this movement. Whether they use the data or not is a matter for the customer. More and more Apple users are using Apple Pay on their watches as a matter of course so itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not a great leap to imagine that they will walk into their healthcare practitioners oice or doctors surgery, tap their watch on a reader and be able to share their medications, allergies, up to date health records, and other important personal data automatically rather than sitting down and illing out a paper form on a clipboard with a pen that has to be done every six months or individual visit. These paper records are then inputted manually so there are less opportunities for them to link up with existing records or with other connected practitioners that the user may have used so any patterns emerging from the data will be missed. Not with the data suites that the Apple Watch is already collecting on the user as a matter of course.

PERSONAL BEST It might come to quickly for the launch of the new Apple Watch 4 or next iteration of the WatchOS but future devices and advances in technology could easily allow devices to constantly monitor and analyze other personal health indicators such as sweat, blood, body temperature, even other fundamental changes such as pregnancy. Managing the healthcare of an ageing population is already going to be a challenge for policymakers but if the tech companies such as Apple can make inroads into behavioral patterns already by nudging users to walk further to reach goals and become more active, then with further concrete evidence – “your blood levels are dangerously low, please take your insulin” - they could increase overall health and life expectancy levels of the population more eiciently than a multi-million dollar advertising campaign. Maybe “your next watch could save your life” could be the best advertising slogan that Apple could unveil this September? Because it also happens to be true.

by Benjamin Kerry & Gavin Lenaghan

CALIFORNIA NET NEUTRALITY BILL GOES TO GOV. JERRY BROWN

Gov. Jerry Brown will decide whether California should have the nation’s strongest protections for net neutrality rules intended to ensure a level playing field on the internet after the measure cleared the final legislative hurdle last Friday. The state Senate approved the bill over stiff opposition from internet service providers, opening another front in the war between California and President Donald Trump. The milestone was celebrated by net neutrality advocates who hope it will help drive a national policy prohibiting internet companies from favoring certain websites over others. “The premise fundamentally of net neutrality is that we as individuals get to decide where we go on the internet as opposed to be told 25

by internet service providers,” said Sen. Scott Wiener, a San Francisco Democrat who wrote the bill. The Federal Communications Commission has repealed Obama-era net neutrality protections, leading many activists to fear that internet providers could create fast lanes and slow lanes that favor their own sites and apps or make it harder for consumers to see content from their competitors. That could limit consumer choice or shut out upstart companies that can’t aﬀord to buy access to the fast lane, critics worry. Internet companies say they’re committed to upholding net neutrality principles but it’s unrealistic for them to comply with diﬀerent regulations around the country. The measure “undercuts California’s long history as a vibrant catalyst for innovation and technology,” Jonathan Spalter, president and CEO of the industry group USTelecom, said in a statement. Brown has not said whether he’ll sign the bill, which would likely draw a lawsuit from the industry. The bill would prohibit internet providers from blocking or slowing data based on its content or from favoring websites or video streams from companies that pay extra. It also would ban so-called “zero rating,” in which internet providers don’t count certain content against a monthly data cap. It would prohibit, for example, AT&T from exempting videos from CNN or other outlets it owns from a monthly data cap that applies to competitors. 26

UTAH POLICE USE NEW TECHNOLOGY TO TRACE BALLISTIC EVIDENCE

A recently solved drive-by shooting case in South Salt Lake highlights the eďŹ&#x20AC;ectiveness of a newly formed center that provides investigators with improved ballistics testing, according to Utah authorities. Investigators using the National Integrated Ballistic Information Network traced a stolen Glock 26 9-mm handgun to Rory Curtis Cordova, who authorities said is a 50-year-old Ogden Trece gang member, the Deseret News reported. Cordova now faces federal ďŹ rearms charges that could result in 10 years behind bars. Federal, state and local law enforcement leaders said the arrest is a good example of the role the ballistics network and the Crime Gun Intelligence Center play in piecing together violent crimes. 29

Utah U.S. Attorney John Huber said police wouldn’t have solved the South Salt Lake case and two others in Herriman and Ogden without the ballistic information network. “We have successfully deployed the technology that should leave gang members and thugs shaking in their boots,” he said. Regina Lombardo, associate deputy director of the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, joined Huber and state and local police at a news conference last week touting the program. “We look at it as going after the trigger-pullers who are causing the crimes in the community, and the traffickers, those traffickers who are getting hold of the firearms and causing the crimes,” Lombardo said. The technology, which the state crime lab has used since last August, allows police to match spent shell casings to the guns that fire them. To date, Utah law enforcers have entered 1,200 casings into the system, resulting in 56 hits in 75 cases. And 15 of those hits involve three or more shootings linked to serial shooters, Department of Public Safety Commissioner Keith Squires said. Justin Bechaver, senior forensic scientist and manager of the crime lab firearms section, sends detailed images of shell casings to an instrument in California that looks for other features. “That information gets sent back to us, and we compare those images that it thinks matches and we look for potential matches from the local database that we have here,” he said. The lab searches the database in Utah as well as surrounding states, but it could also search in states across the country, Bechaver said. 30

AMAZON IS 2ND US COMPANY TO REACH $1 TRILLION MARKET VALUE

Amazon on Tuesday became the second publicly traded company to reach $1 trillion in market value, hot on the heels of iPhone maker Apple. The milestone is another sign of Amazon’s swift rise from an online bookseller to a behemoth that sells toilet paper, TVs and just about anything. In its two decades, Amazon has expanded far beyond online shopping and into health care, advertising and cloud computing. Its growth has boosted the fortunes of its founder and CEO, Jeff Bezos. His 16 percent stake in Amazon is now worth more than $160 billion. Forbes magazine placed him at the top of its list of billionaires for the first time this year, surpassing Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates and investor Warren Buffett. 33

Amazon’s stock has increased almost 600 percent in the last five years, including a more than 70 percent surge so far in 2018 alone. On Tuesday morning, the stock climbed enough to push the company’s valuation pass the $1 trillion mark, although it dropped back slightly after that. The stock closed at $2,039.51 Tuesday, about $11 short of keeping its valuation above $1 trillion. Apple topped the $1 trillion mark in early August. Saudi Arabia’s national energy company, Aramco, is widely believed to be worth much more than either Amazon or Apple. Amazon’s growing power has made it a target of politicians. President Donald Trump has said the company should pay the U.S. Postal Service more in shipping costs. And U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders has frequently noted the disparity between what Amazon’s warehouse workers make and Bezos’ vast fortune. Amazon has remained publicly silent about Trump’s criticism, but has called Sanders’ comments “misleading.” Bezos started Amazon after leaving a hedge fund in 1994. He called Amazon the “Earth’s biggest bookstore” at the time, but it quickly added more products and eventually opened up a marketplace where others could list and sell their goods. Amazon has cemented customer loyalty through its Prime membership program, offering fast, free shipping as well as music and video streaming perks. In April, Bezos disclosed for the first time that Amazon had more than 100 million paying Prime members around the world. Wall Street has become very enthusiastic about Amazon’s businesses outside of retail. 34

Amazon Web Services provides cloud computing services to companies and governments, and Amazon’s advertising division makes billions by selling ads to companies that want their products to show up when shoppers search on the site. Those profitable businesses have helped offset the high costs associated with running its online store. Amazon saw its quarterly profit soar past $2 billion for the first time earlier this year as the online shopping, cloud computing and advertising businesses all kept growing. Amazon is also building its physical presence: Its purchase last year of the Whole Foods grocery chain gave it hundreds of stores at which to promote its gadgets and offer discounts tied to Prime memberships. It has opened more than a dozen brick-and-mortar bookstores, and has plans for more cashier-less Amazon Go convenience stores. It’s also been trying to have more control over how its packages are delivered. Under a program announced this summer, contractors around the country can launch businesses that deliver Amazon packages. The move gives Amazon more ways to ship its packages to shoppers without having to rely on UPS, FedEx and other delivery services. Amazon’s latest push has been in the health care industry. It has formed a venture with JPMorgan Chase and Berkshire Hathaway to figure out ways to attack rising health care costs for their U.S. employees and possibly for many more Americans. It also announced plans to buy the online pharmacy PillPack, but hasn’t revealed what it plans to do with it. Image: Alex Wong

HUMANS STILL HEFT GROCERIES ON-DEMAND, FOR NOW

A self-driving car that delivers your groceries seems like a great idea: a robot vehicle that uses artiicial intelligence to replicate the service of yesteryear’s milkman and grocery store delivery kid. There are companies now working on the technology to make it a reality. But they still haven’t managed to get the robots to do all the work. There’s a human schlepping your food every step of the way. There’s even one behind the wheel. 39

Tests of the technology in places like Scottsdale, Arizona, and San Jose, California, still feature human safety drivers who have to take over if the robotic one gets confused. So from picking and packing the groceries, to loading them in the car, to having the shopper come to the curb to unload them, people are still involved at every turn. It might not be long before that changes. San Jose-based AutoX launched a pilot service in late August that uses proprietary vision technology to minimize the use of expensive lidar sensors. Those are the rotating sensors that shoot out lasers to see the world around it. Instead, AutoX relies mainly on cameras and stitches together 3-D maps, says chief operating oicer Jewel Zhou Li. Lidar equipment can cost as much as $500,000 per car, but AutoX gets that down to $80,000, Li says. It’s part of the strategy to get the cost of delivery down to below the price to consumers of $2.50 per trip. “Drivers are expensive,” Li said. “Only with self-driving cars can we make the on-demand economy work.” AutoX, a startup with nearly 100 employees, has partnered with GrubMarket, a 3-yearold company that uses humans to deliver groceries, normally for a fee of $6 for orders below $40. It sources produce from local farms in the San Francisco Bay Area, and requires shoppers to choose their items online in the morning or the day prior to delivery.

Its workers sort the produce in a warehouse by hand. “We do all the picking, we do all the packing,” said GrubMarket’s marketing vice president, Dan Rabens. The partnership will create extra business, potentially without extra costs since delivery will be handled by AutoX. In Scottsdale, startup Nuro is working with grocery giant Kroger on a test that will eventually use its special purpose vehicle, the R1. It’s about half the width of a sedan and doesn’t have room for people. And with a top speed of 25 miles per hour, the electric vehicle, which its about 12 shopping bags, already has approval to drive on Arizona streets, the company said. But until internal testing is complete, Nuro is relying on Toyota Priuses outitted with selfdriving technology, which also requires that a human be behind the wheel. Nuro charges a $5.95 lat fee per delivery, and started delivering groceries to customers in the 85257 ZIP code around partner Fry’s Food, a Kroger subsidiary, in mid-August. One beneit of building its own vehicle with no one inside is that it can be safer on roads, the company said. “Because it has no passengers, R1 is designed to self-sacriice — keeping what’s on the outside safer even than what’s inside,” a Nuro spokesperson said in a statement. The Google autonomous vehicle project called Waymo started a similar pilot program in July at Walmart stores in Phoenix. In that case, selfdriving vehicles transport customers to and from their selected Walmart location to pick up online grocery orders. 43

For shopper Maureen Blaskovich, a 64-year-old retiree in San Jose, ordering from AutoX and GrubMarket scratched an itch of curiosity. She had seen the green vehicles on mapping routes pass by her home several times in recent days and inally stopped one to ask what they were doing. After unloading some chicken wings and brightly colored carrots from an AutoX delivery vehicle’s trunk on a recent weekday, Blaskovich said she liked the convenience of avoiding parking lot jams. And she liked GrubMarket’s selection of unusual local items. “It’s like the old days when you get the milkman and the bread man to come by the house,” she said.

THE NEXT SPECIAL EVENT IS COMING For software developers, technology critics and Apple fans, September is considered a second Christmas. Apple has made it tradition to lift the lid on its latest hardware at the same time every year, hosting a Special Event to show of products and give developers a irst-hand look before anyone else. Today, we take a look back at some of the most exciting Special Events of the past ten years and share the latest rumors on Appleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s upcoming Gather Round event, where the iPhone XS and the Apple Watch 4 are expected to be unveiled, alongside other innovative new technology.

Image: Regis Duvignau

2010: STEVE JOBS INTRODUCES THE iPAD The irst major Special Event held by Apple was back in 2010 when the late Steve Jobs took to the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco to show of the iPad. Despite the iPhone coming three years prior, Jobs revealed that the Cupertino irm had been working on their own touch-screen tablet before they decided to create a touch-screen smartphone, but quickly realized that the idea would work just as well as a mobile phone. Manufacturing executive Walter Shimoon pleaded guilty to leaking details of the iPad before its 2010 launch, but that didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t stop the tablet from breaking records and selling more than two million units in less than two months. 2010 also saw a second Special Event from Apple, this time iPhone OS 4. Apple described the new operating system as having more than 100 new features, as well as a development kit (SDK). Indeed, 2010 was the start of the App Store revolution, with Apple giving more powers to developers to create award-winning apps.

Apple iPad 2 launch by Steve Jobs Live from the launch

2011: iPAD 2 AND LAUNCH OF SIRI Following a record-breaking sales period in 2010, Apple had a lot to live up to in 2011, and it delivered with the launch of the iPad 2. Just over a year after the launch of the original iPad, the March 2 Special Event saw Steve Jobs unveil the second generation model, despite being on medical leave. The second iteration was faster thanks to an A5 chip, added a front-facing camera, and dropped from 9.3mm to 8.8mm. A second 2011 Special Event was held in October, with Apple introducing Find My Friends, a tool that would allow parents to view their children’s’ location in real time. The keynote speech also introduced a refreshed version of the iPod Nano and the iPod Touch, and the iPhone 4S was released with an all-new voice assistant, known as Siri. Today, Siri is used by more than 40 million people around the world, and features such as Shortcuts coming in iOS 12 will make the assistant all the more useful.

2012: EXCITING INNOVATIONS WITH THE iPHONE 5 Apple’s Senior Vice President of Worldwide Marketing, Phil Schiller, took the lead for the 2012 Special Event, announcing the iPhone 5, “the most beautiful product we’ve ever made, bar none.” The device was the irst time the iPhone was made entirely of glass and aluminum, setting an all-new design precedent for the company. The iPhone 5 was an instant hit and broke records, selling more than 5 million units on its irst weekend alone.

2013: iPHONE 5S AND TOUCH ID Following on from the success of the iPhone 5, Apple held its Special Event in 2013 to introduce the iPhone 5C and cheaper iPhone 5S. Apple used the tagline “this should brighten everyone’s day” to promote the event, hinting at the new colors of the iPhone 5C. Alongside the two new models, Apple unveiled Touch ID, its ingerprint scanning technology, and a new 64-bit A7 chip. Speaking at the keynote, Phil Schiller said that the chip was “the irst-ever 64-bit processor in a phone of any kind. I don’t think the other guys are even talking about it yet. Why go through all this? The beneits are huge. The A7 is up to twice as fast as the previous-generation system at CPU tasks, and up to twice as fast at graphics tasks, too.”

2015 Apple iPad Pro - Hands on

2014: APPLE PAY, APPLE WATCH AND THE iPHONE 6 Apple teased its 2014 Special Event with the tagline ‘wish we could say more’, promising a whole host of new products and announcements. The irm delivered, introducing the iPhone 6 and, for the irst time, the iPhone 6 Plus, which ofered larger screen real estate for power users. The bumper keynote, which took place in Cupertino for the irst time, allowed Apple to show of its new payment system called Apple Pay, now used by more than 120 million users worldwide and the Apple Watch, rumored to be called the iWatch, allowing Apple to enter the smartwatch and personal itness market.

2015: APPLE SPRINGS FORWARD Apple promised that its Special Event in 2015 would help users ‘Spring Forward’, and unveiled to developers and journalists in Cupertino the fourth redesign of the MacBook, and iOS 8.2. The company also conirmed pricing and the release date for its Apple Watch, including the $10,000 Gold Apple Watch Edition. 2015 saw a second Special Event, the latter given the tagline of ‘Hey Siri, give us a hint’. The event was held in San Francisco, where Apple previewed the second version of the watchOS operating system, an update to the Apple TV, and the iPhone 6S, which included an A9 chip, 3D touch, a 12-megapixel camera and iOS 9. The event also included the reveal of the iPad Mini 4 and the iPad Pro, Apple’s irst 12.9inch tablet with a Retina display and Apple Pencil support. 57

2016: SEE YOU ON THE SEVENTH Apple spent the early half of 2016 showing of its iPhone SE and new iPad Pro, but the Special Event for the year was held, as is tradition, in September. 2016’s invitation tagline was ‘See you on the 7th’, teasing the launch of the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus, introducing water resistance, a solid state Home Button, improved battery life, more RAM and new storage capabilities. iOS 10 was also released alongside the Special Event announcements, bringing changes to the Messages app, adding support for 3D Touch, redesigned Maps, and a new-look Control Center. AirPods were also unveiled at the September event, in part to combat Apple’s removal of the headphone jack from the 2016 iPhone models.

2017: MEETING AT APPLE’S PLACE 2017 was a big year for Apple, with the company asking journalists, critics and developers to ‘meet at our place’, following the completion of the Steve Jobs Theater in the Apple Park campus. The event was, perhaps, one of the most anticipated technology conferences of the past ten years, with Apple celebrating a decade of the iPhone and rumors rife of a new iPhone model.

The iPhone X was the star of the show, with Apple removing the home button and introducing its facial recognition FaceID technology to increase security. The keynote also allowed Tim Cook to introduce the iPhone 8, which ofered a better battery life, wireless charging, waterprooing and a stunning allglass design that harked back to the iPhone 5, a favorite amongst technology critics and fans of Apple’s hardware. Apple Watch Series 3 and Apple TV 4K were announced, whilst iOS 11 and watchOS 4 were given release dates, rounding out a bumper year for the irm.

2018: IT’S TIME TO GATHER ROUND This year’s Special Event is set to be another blockbuster, with Apple sending out mysterious invites asking attendees to ‘gather round’. As usual, rumors are rife, with expectations of the new iPhone X high. Some are predicting the launch of a new low-cost iPhone designed to appease price-conscious customers, whilst others expect to see an updated HomePod, the launch of AirPower and Apple-branded over-ear headphones. What we do know for certain, however, is that the next generation iPhone X and nextgeneration Apple Watch will be revealed at the event. Early leaks obtained by 9to5Mac show the iPhone X successor, sporting a stunning gold inish and accompanied by a larger screened variant. The new iPhone X is expected to launch

in two sizes - 5.8-inch and 6.5-inch - and include new color options. Other expected features include a new A12 chip to increase speed, and an expanded storage capacity, with some predicting that the top-spec iPhone XS will hold up to 512GB. As an Apple fan, you’ll no doubt consider Special Events to be one of the hottest dates in your calendar. Don’t forget that you can follow the Special Event live from the Steve Jobs Theatre on September 12 at 10 a.m. PDT on Apple’s oicial website, and you can depend on AppleMagazine to bring you the latest insights and reviews of the new iPhone and Apple Watch in the coming weeks.

NASA ANXIOUS TO HEAR FROM MARS ROVER AS DUST STORM CLEARS

NASA is anxious to hear from its dust-silenced Mars rover, Opportunity, as the planet’s red skies clear. Flight controllers have been on the alert for a message from Opportunity ever since a dust storm enveloped Mars in June and contact was lost. The storm has inally diminished. That means the sky is now clear enough for Opportunity’s solar panels to receive sunlight and ire back up. But NASA this week warned it may never hear from Opportunity again. If there’s no word back in the next couple of months, NASA said it will cut back on its listening efort. Even if a message does get through, that may be the most the rover — mute since June 10 — can muster. Even before the dust storm, the 15-year-old rover was exhibiting signs of old age. Its front steering and lash memory are shot. 65

“We are pulling for our tenacious rover to pull her feet from the ire one more time,” project manager John Callas said in a statement from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Opportunity’s twin, Spirit, got stuck in soft Martian dirt in 2009, and NASA eventually gave up trying to free it. Both rovers were designed to operate for just 90 days, however, and exceeded expectations. They were launched separately in 2003 and landed on Mars in 2004. NASA’s younger Curiosity rover was unafected by the dust storm; it relies on nuclear, versus solar, power. Another NASA spacecraft, meanwhile, is on its way to Mars and should land in November. Named InSight, this robotic explorer has solar panels.

BEFORE PARENTAL ‘SCREEN TIME’ CONCERNS: RADIO, EVEN NOVELS

When Stephen Dennis was raising his two sons in the 1980s, he never heard the phrase “screen time,” nor did he worry much about the hours his kids spent with technology. When he bought an Apple II Plus computer, he considered it an investment in their future and encouraged them to use it as much as possible. Boy, have things changed with his grandkids and their phones and their Snapchat, Instagram and Twitter. “It almost seems like an addiction,” said Dennis, a retired homebuilder who lives in Bellevue, Washington. “In the old days you had a computer and you had a TV and you had a phone but none of them were linked to the outside world but the phone. You didn’t have this omnipresence of technology.” Today’s grandparents may have fond memories of the “good old days,” but history tells us that adults have worried about their kids’ fascination with new-fangled entertainment and technology since the days of dime novels, radio, the irst comic books and rock n’ roll. 69

“This whole idea that we even worry about what kids are doing is pretty much a 20th century thing,” said Katie Foss, a media studies professor at Middle Tennessee State University. But when it comes to screen time, she added, “all we are doing is reinventing the same concern we were having back in the ’50s.” True, the anxieties these days seem particularly acute — as, of course, they always have. Smartphones have a highly customized, 24/7 presence in our lives that feeds parental fears of antisocial behavior and stranger danger. What hasn’t changed, though, is a general parental dread of what kids are doing out of sight. In previous generations, this often meant kids wandering around on their own or sneaking out at night to drink. These days, it might mean hiding in their bedroom, chatting with strangers online. Less than a century ago, the radio sparked similar fears. “The radio seems to ind parents more helpless than did the funnies, the automobile, the movies and other earlier invaders of the home, because it can not be locked out or the children locked in,” Sidonie Matsner Gruenberg, director of the Child Study Association of America, told The Washington Post in 1931. She added that the biggest worry radio gave parents was how it interfered with other interests — conversation, music practice, group games and reading. In the early 1930s a group of mothers from Scarsdale, New York, pushed radio broadcasters to change programs they thought were too “overstimulating, frightening and emotionally overwhelming” for kids, said Margaret Cassidy, a media historian at Adelphi University in New 70

Image: Rebecca Nelson

York who authored a chronicle of American kids and media. Called the Scarsdale Moms, their activism led the National Association of Broadcasters to come up with a code of ethics around children’s programming in which they pledged not to portray criminals as heroes and to refrain from glorifying greed, selishness and disrespect for authority. Then television burst into the public consciousness with unrivaled speed. By 1955, more than half of all U.S. homes had a black and white set, according to Mitchell Stephens, a media historian at New York University. The hand-wringing started almost as quickly. A 1961 Stanford University study on 6,000 children, 2,000 parents and 100 teachers found that more than half of the kids studied watched “adult” programs such as Westerns, crime shows and shows that featured “emotional problems.” Researchers were aghast at the TV violence present even in children’s programming. By the end of that decade, Congress had authorized $1 million (about $7 million today) to study the efects of TV violence, prompting “literally thousands of projects” in subsequent years, Cassidy said. That eventually led the American Academy of Pediatrics to adopt, in 1984, its irst recommendation that parents limit their kids’ exposure to technology. The medical association argued that television sent unrealistic messages around drugs and alcohol, could lead to obesity and might fuel violence. Fifteen years later, in 1999, it issued its now-infamous edict that kids under 2 should not watch any television at all. 73

The spark for that decision was the British kids’ show “Teletubbies,” which featured cavorting humanoids with TVs embedded in their abdomens. But the odd TV-within-the-TV-beings conceit of the show wasn’t the problem — it was the “gibberish” the Teletubbies directed at preverbal kids whom doctors thought should be learning to speak from their parents, said Donald Shifrin, a University of Washington pediatrician and former chair of the AAP committee that pushed for the recommendation. Video games presented a diferent challenge. Decades of study have failed to validate the most prevalent fear, that violent games encourage violent behavior. But from the moment the games emerged as a cultural force in the early 1980s, parents fretted about the way kids could lose themselves in games as simple and repetitive as “Pac-Man,”“Asteroids” and “Space Invaders.” Some cities sought to restrict the spread of arcades; Mesquite, Texas, for instance, insisted that the under-17 set required parental supervision . Many parents imagined the arcades where many teenagers played video games “as dens of vice, of illicit trade in drugs and sex,” Michael Z. Newman, a University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee media historian, wrote recently in Smithsonian . This time, some experts were more sympathetic to kids. Games could relieve anxiety and fed the age-old desire of kids to “be totally absorbed in an activity where they are out on an edge and can’t think of anything else,” Robert Millman, an addiction specialist at the New York HospitalCornell University Medical Center, told The New

York Times in 1981. He cast them as benign alternatives to gambling and “glue sniing.” Initially, the internet — touted as an “information superhighway” that could connect kids to the world’s knowledge — got a similar pass for helping with homework and research. Yet as the internet began linking people together, often in ways that connected previously isolated people, familiar concerns soon resurfaced. Sheila Azzara, a grandmother of 12 in Fallbrook, California, remembers learning about AOL chatrooms in the early 1990s and inding them “kind of a hostile place.” Teens with more permissive parents who came of age in the ’90s might remember these chatrooms as places a 17-year-old girl could pretend to be a 40-yearold man (and vice versa), and talk about sex, drugs and rock ‘n’ roll (or more mundane topics such as current events). Azzara still didn’t worry too much about technology’s efects on her children. Cellphones weren’t in common use, and computers — if families had them — were usually set up in the living room. But she, too, worries about her grandkids. “They don’t interact with you,” she said. “They either have their head in a screen or in a game.”

Image: Loic Venance

FACEBOOK ADDS ALASKA’S INUPIAQ AS LANGUAGE OPTION

Britt’Nee Brower grew up in a largely Inupiat Eskimo town in Alaska’s far north, but English was the only language spoken at home. Today, she knows a smattering of Inupiaq from childhood language classes at school in the community of Utqiagvik. Brower even published an Inupiaq coloring book last year featuring the names of common animals of the region. But she hopes to someday speak luently by practicing her ancestral language in a daily, modern setting. The 29-year-old Anchorage woman has started to do just that with a new Inupiaq language option that recently went live on Facebook for those who employ the social media giant’s community translation tool. Launched a decade ago, the tool has allowed users to translate bookmarks, action buttons and other functions in more than 100 languages around the globe. For now, Facebook is being translated into Inupiaq only on its website, not its app. 79

“I was excited,” Brower says of her irst time trying the feature, still a work in progress as Inupiaq words are slowly added. “I was thinking, ‘I’m going to have to bring out my Inupiaq dictionary so I can learn.’ So I did.” Facebook users can submit requests to translate the site’s vast interface workings — the buttons that allow users to like, comment and navigate the site — into any language through crowdsourcing. With the interface tool, it’s the Facebook users who do the translating of words and short phrases. Words are conirmed through crowd up-and-down voting. Besides the Inupiaq option, Cherokee and Canada’s Inuktut are other indigenous languages in the process of being translated, according to Facebook spokeswoman Arielle Argyres. “It’s important to have these indigenous languages on the internet. Oftentimes they’re nowhere to be found,” she said. “So much is carried through language — tradition, culture — and so in the digital world, being able to translate from that environment is really important.” The Inupiaq language is spoken in northern Alaska and the Seward Peninsula. According to the University of Alaska Fairbanks, about 13,500 Inupiat live in the state, with about 3,000 speaking the language. Myles Creed, who grew up in the Inupiat community of Kotzebue, was the driving force in getting Inupiaq added. After researching ways to possibly link an external translation app with Facebook, he reached out to Grant Magdanz, a hometown friend who works as a software 80

Image: Marc Lester

engineer in San Francisco. Neither one of them knew about the translation tool when Magdanz contacted Facebook in late 2016 about setting up an Inupiatun option. Facebook opened a translation portal for the language in March 2017. It was then up to users to provide the translations through crowdsourcing. Creed, 29, a linguistics graduate student at the University of Victoria in British Columbia, is not Inupiat, and neither is Magdanz, 24. But they grew up around the language and its people, and wanted to promote its use for today’s world. “I’ve been given so much by the community I grew up in, and I want to be able to give back in some way,” said Creed, who is learning Inupiaq. Both see the Facebook option as a small step against predictions that Alaska’s Native languages are heading toward extinction under their present rate of decline. “It has to be part of everyone’s daily life. It can’t be this separate thing,” Magdanz said. “People need the ability to speak it in any medium that they use, like they would English or Spanish.” Initially, Creed relied on volunteer translators, but that didn’t go fast enough. In January, he won a $2,000 mini grant from the Alaska Humanities Forum to hire two luent Inupiat translators. While a language is in the process of being translated, only those who use the translation tool are able to see it. Creed changed his translation settings last year. But it was only weeks ago that his home button inally said “Aimaagvik,” Inupiaq for home. “I was really ecstatic,” he said. 83

So far, only a fraction of the vast interface is in Inupiaq. Part of the holdup is the complexity of inding exact translations, according to the Inupiaq translators who were hired with the grant money. Take the comment button, which is still in English. There’s no one-word-its-all in Inupiaq for “comment,” according to translator Pausauraq Jana Harcharek, who heads Inupiaq education for Alaska’s North Slope Borough. Is the word being presented in the form of a question, or a statement or an exclamatory sentence? “Sometimes it’s so diicult to go from concepts that don’t exist in the language to arriving at a translation that communicates what that particular English word might mean,” Harcharek said. Translator Muriel Hopson said inding the right translation ultimately could require two or three Inupiaq words. The 58-year-old Anchorage woman grew up in the village of Wainwright, where she was raised by her grandparents. Inupiaq was spoken in the home, but it was strictly prohibited at the village school run by the federal Bureau of Indian Afairs, Hopson said. She wonders if she’s among the last generation of Inupiaq speakers. But she welcomes the new Facebook option as a promising way for young people to see the value Inupiaq brings as a living language. “Who doesn’t have a Facebook account when you’re a millennial?” she said. “It can only help.” Online: Facebook translations 84

DUELING PICKUPS, POPULAR SUV AMONG NEW MODELS COMING IN 2018

From new top-selling pickup trucks to an essential range extension for an electric car to the most popular SUV in the country, the 2019 model year for new vehicles has something for everyone. Fiat Chrysler’s Ram brand and General Motors’ Chevrolet will go at each other and rival Ford with tough-looking new full-size pickup trucks, while Nissan is stretching the range of the electric Leaf to beyond 200 miles on a single charge. A revamped Toyota RAV4, the top-selling vehicle in the U.S. that isn’t a pickup truck, is on sale. And there’s even a new super-fast and luxurious $300,000 Aston Martin sports car. Here are ive new models to watch for the coming model year: 87

RAM PICKUP The 2019 Ram keeps the current look of a semi cab, but it grew by 4 inches and is slightly wider. The grille is larger, with a forward-leaning, aggressive slant and the hood is higher to look more like a big rig, as well as to help the truck glide through the wind. It’s 225 pounds lighter than the outgoing model to compete with lighter rivals, and the frame is almost entirely made of lighter, high-strength steel. The tailgate and other parts are made of aluminum. Even the chrome Ram logo at the rear got a more chiseled, brawny look. Fiat Chrysler says its interior room is the largest in its class. Power is the most signiicant change. The truck gets a mild hybrid system standard on most gasoline versions. It replaces the alternator with a motor and a 48-volt battery pack, which can shut down the truck at stop lights to save fuel and boost acceleration. The system reuses braking energy to charge the battery. Buyers get the choice of a 305 horsepower 3.6-liter V-6, a 395 horsepower 5.7-liter V8 or a 3-liter V-6 diesel with 240 horsepower. With twowheel-drive and a mild hybrid V-8 engine, the truck gets 19 miles per gallon in combined city and highway driving. That’s two miles per gallon better than the 2018 version with a similarly sized engine. The new Ram went on sale earlier this year. A base Tradesman quad cab starts at $33,390 including shipping. The company is also selling the outgoing Ram 1500 model as the “Classic” for those looking for regular cabs or lower-priced models.

CHEVROLET SILVERADO The nation’s second-best selling vehicle loses about 450 pounds as General Motors tries to meet government fuel economy requirements that will be in efect through at least 2020. Engineers took the weight out by melding diferent metals. All of the swinging parts, including the doors, hood and tailgate, are aluminum, but stationary parts such as the bed are still steel. The new truck is just under 2 inches longer than the old one for more cargo and interior space. The short bed in the crew cab, for

example, is 1.7 inches longer than the outgoing truck. The frame is made of lighter “highstrength” steel, and there’s ample aluminum elsewhere. Buyers will get a choice of four engines and multiple transmissions, including a four-cylinder for the irst time in recent history. The 2.7-liter turbocharged four isn’t a wimp. It puts out 310-horsepower, but its mileage wasn’t released. Also available are two V-8 engines — a 5.3-liter one with 355 horsepower and a 6.2-liter powerplant that puts out 420 horsepower. Both can shut of any number of cylinders for

better gas mileage. And thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a holdover 285-horsepower 4.3-liter V-6 on the base work truck. A two-wheel-drive model with the smaller V-8 gets 19 miles per gallon in combined city and highway driving, one mpg better than the comparable 2018 version. A six-cylinder diesel is coming later. Crew cabs starting at $36,095 (including shipping) for the short bed are arriving at dealers now with other models coming later in the year.

TOYOTA RAV4 The automaker’s small SUV is the new American family car, with over 400,000 sold last year. Now it’s new and improved, and that should boost sales further as the country keeps shifting out of sedans. The ifth-generation comes on all-new underpinnings that Toyota says will give it better handling and a smoother ride. It also has a wider, more athletic stance and sits a little lower. The distance between the wheels grows by 1.2 inches for more passenger and cargo space. It comes standard with Toyota’s safety system, which includes automatic emergency braking. It’s powered by a 2.5-liter four-cylinder engine and an eight-speed transmission, or a 2.5-liter gas-electric hybrid system with a continuously variable transmission. The 2019 RAV4 goes on sale by the end of this year. Price and gas mileage will be announced later.

NISSAN LEAF Nissan just restyled the Leaf electric car this year, but its 150-mile battery range was far below its main competitors, the Tesla Model S and Chevrolet Bolt, both of which can go over 200 miles on a single charge. But sometime before the 2019 model year ends next summer, Nissan will unveil a version with a bigger battery that can go over 200 miles, the range many industry experts consider the threshold to ease driver fears of running out of juice. Nissan isn’t saying exactly when it will reach showrooms, nor is it giving the price or a precise battery range. The current Leaf starts at $29,990 before a $7,500 federal tax credit, but the longer-range version almost certainly will cost more. There’s a little room for the price to grow and still be competitive. Tesla’s Model S starts at $35,000 but you can’t buy one yet for under $49,000. And Tesla’s tax credits will expire at the end of the year. The Bolt goes for $37,495 including shipping, without the tax credit.

ASTON-MARTIN DBS SUPERLEGGERA The latest addition to the British luxury sports car maker’s lineup means “super light,” in Italian. The coupe with a curvy body and panels made mostly of carbon iber attached to an aluminum frame has a V-12 engine that puts out 715 horsepower. With its eight-speed automatic transmission, the replacement for Aston Martin’s Vanquish S can go from zero to 62 miles per hour in 3.4 seconds and reach a top speed of 211 mph, the company says. Yet the rear-wheel-drive car weighs only about 160 pounds more than a mainstream Toyota Camry with a V6 engine. The big engine was moved low and as far back as possible to reduce the center of gravity and optimize handling, the company says. Yet the gas mileage isn’t too bad: 22.9 miles per gallon in combined city and highway driving. The DBS Superleggera starts at just over $308,000 including shipping in the U.S., where deliveries start in the fourth quarter. 96

Image: Dominic Fraser

‘SMALL FRY’ MORE THAN A STEVE JOBS STORY

“Small Fry: A Memoir” (Grove Press), by Lisa Brennan-Jobs The ghost of Steve Jobs haunts “Small Fry,” the memoir by his first daughter, Lisa Brennan-Jobs. He looms larger than life even on the pages where he is missing — and he missed a lot. But we already knew that. We also knew that he was not a particularly nice person, that he was a genius, a charismatic visionary, the co-founder of Apple Computer. But the book is more than the missing piece of the Steve Jobs puzzle. It’s a story of a girl growing up in 1980s and ’90s California trying to fit into two very different families and not belonging in either. It’s the story of her single mother trying to keep it together and often not succeeding. It’s the story of a family that is as imperfect as every family, things complicated by wealth, fame and, in the end, illness and death. 99

Read “Small Fry” one way and you’ll find the account of a reluctant, sometimes outright hostile, mercurial father whose daughter is constantly reaching after the tiniest crumbs of love and attention. Read it another way, with Lisa and not Steve as the central character, and you’ll find the story of an observant child coming of age and trying to make sense of the people around her, vying for what she views as a “normal” family and not yet knowing that for most of us, no such thing exists. She tries so hard to find her place in the world that the details of her efforts are sometimes painfully uncomfortable, like when she decides to run for freshman class president a month or two after transferring to a new school, hardly knowing anyone, or pines to be a beautiful blonde, or paints herself as a Cinderella, having to do the dishes in the Jobs’ household because the dishwasher is broken. (Full disclosure: I attended high school with Lisa, who was in the grade above me. While we did not know each other, we were on the school paper together and shared the rare privilege that was high school in Palo Alto in the 1990s. I remember her striking eyebrows, that she was going to Harvard and the day Steve Jobs visited our paper during production, bringing us vegan, cheese-less pizza and a rowdy child who messed up the carefully pasted-up newspaper pages.) Lisa was born in 1978 on a farm in Oregon. Her parents, who were 23, laid her on a blanket, going through names until they could both agree on Lisa. Her mother, Chrisann Brennan, drew stars on the margins of her birth certificate, which listed both parents’ names even though Lisa had just her mother’s last name. 100

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Despite obvious physical similarities, Steve Jobs denied that he was Lisa’s father at the beginning, and in 1980 the state of California sued him, requiring a DNA test to prove his paternity and compelling him to pay child support. Years later, when Lisa was living with him after a slow warming up, she’d get a new birth certificate, this one listing both Brennan and Jobs as her last name, connected by a hyphen. Lisa remains that hyphen throughout the book, tugged between her parents and the very different worlds they inhabit. From her mother, she gets unconditional love but also a neediness that is often too much for a child to bear. From her father, she’s handed bits and pieces of the evidence of his love — roller skating, Wednesday nights of movies and carrot salad, and, after years of denial, an acknowledgement that he did in fact name the first computer he created, the Lisa, after his daughter. But evidence of his love wasn’t steady or dependable, causing Lisa to crave it all the more. He’d promise and not deliver, or deliver then rescind, throughout her life.

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“We all made allowances for his eccentricities, the way he attacked other people, because he was also brilliant and sometimes kind and insightful,” she writes, after her father tells the A-student, high-school Lisa that she has “no marketable skills” despite her many extracurricular activities. “Now I felt he’d crush me if I let him. He would tell me how little I meant over and over until I believed it.” To some, this is an unfair portrayal of Steve Jobs — as his widow, Laurene Powell Jobs, and his sister, Mona Simpson, assert in a joint statement saying that “Steve loved Lisa, and he regretted that he was not the father he should have been during her early childhood.” But this becomes clear at the end of the book, when he is on his sickbed and tells Lisa, over and over, that he “owes” her one. He starts to cry. “If only we’d had a manual. If only I’d been wiser. But you were not to blame I want you to know, you were not to blame for any of it,” he tells her. Steve Jobs died on Oct. 5, 2011. But we knew that, too. Sometime before that, Lisa complains to her mother that Steve does not love her. She assures her that is not true, that he loves her but he doesn’t know it. He doesn’t know until it is too late. Chrisann quotes an old Billie Holiday song: “Mama may have, papa may have, but God bless the child who’s got his own.” In the end, that’s all one can wish for children, even if they are fully grown with children of their own, even if they are the children of Steve Jobs.

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Trailer

Movies &

TV Shows

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Ocean’s 8 Having just been released from prison, Debbie Ocean (Sandra Bullock) meets up with her former criminal accomplice Lou (Cate Blanchett) to push for a sensational new heist at New York City’s yearly Met Gala. The two women assemble a team which aims to steal a necklace valued at over $150 million.

FIVE FACTS: 1. This is the fourth installment of the Ocean’s ilm series which began with Ocean’s Eleven in 2001. 2. However, unlike the irst three Ocean’s ilms, Ocean’s 8 has an all-female lead cast and is directed by Gary Ross rather than Steven Soderbergh.

by Gary Ross Genre: Action & Adventure Released: 2018 Price: $19.99

3. The cast includes Anne Hathaway as Daphne Kluger, Helena Bonham Carter as Rose Weil and Mindy Kaling as Amita.

204 Ratings

4. Ocean’s 8 had a lukewarm critical reception, which Kaling and Blanchett blamed on the dominance of male voices in ilm criticism. 5. However, numerous female critics have been similarly cool in their response to the ilm.

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The Cast of “Ocean’s 8” interview

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Adrift Couple Tami Oldham (Shailene Woodley) and Sam Clain (Richard Sharp) embark on an ocean journey from Tahiti to San Diego but become stranded in the aftermath of a catastrophic hurricane. Tami works to save her injured partner despite the ship being left in ruins and no radio with which she can call for help.

FIVE FACTS: 1. Loosely based on true events which happened in 1983. 2. The real-life hurricane was Hurricane Raymond, one of historyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most catastrophic hurricanes ever recorded. 3. Woodley is perhaps best known for her role in The Divergent ilm series of the mid-2010s. 4. Outside of acting, Woodley is also an environmental activist.

by Baltasar KormĂĄkur Genre: Drama Released: 2018 Price: $14.99

28 Ratings

5. Clain portrayed Finnick Odair in The Hunger Games ilms.

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Trailer

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Shailene Woodley on â&#x20AC;&#x153;Adrift,â&#x20AC;? the responsibility of portraying a real person

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“Fall”

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Kamikaze Eminem Kamikaze is the legendary American rapper Eminem’s tenth studio album. Joyner Lucas, Jessie Reyez and Royce da 5’9” all make guest appearances in an album executive produced by Dr. Dre and Eminem himself. The album has a nostalgic tone, often comparing today’s hiphop with that of the rapper’s own critical and commercial heyday.

Genre: Hip-Hop/Rap Released: Aug 31, 2018 13 Songs Price: $9.99

75 Ratings

FIVE FACTS: 1. In the executive production credits, Eminem is referred to as Slim Shady. 2. The Slim Shady persona dates back to Eminem’s debut extended play Slim Shady EP in 1997. 3. In January, Eminem teased this album’s arrival by releasing a remix of an old song with new lyrics boasting that “I’ll be back”. 4. Though Justin Vernon has vocals on the song “Fall”, he is not credited for this contribution which he has also disavowed himself, claiming not to have been in the studio during the song’s recording. 5. Eminem’s previous studio album was Revival, released in December 2017.

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“Lucky You”

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Let’s Go Sunshine The Kooks This is the ifth studio album of British indie rock band The Kooks. The band, which formed in Brighton in 2004, counts the Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan and the Beatles among its inluences. Several songs - including “No Pressure” and “All the Time” - were released from this album before the album itself arrived on 31 August 2018.

FIVE FACTS: 1. Three of the band’s original members met while studying at the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology, which is located in the London area of Croydon. 2. The Kooks’ irst album, Inside In/Inside Out, was released in 2006 and, at the time, hailed for its “Britpop” sound. 3. However, the band’s style has gone through several changes in the years since - from hard-edged rock to the more percussion-based sound of previous album Listen. 4. That album was released in 2014 and incorporated elements of jazz, R&B and gospel. 5. However, Listen was considered a commercial lop compared to earlier Kooks albums.

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Genre: Alternative Released: Aug 31, 2018 15 Songs Price: $10.99

21 Ratings

“No Pressure”

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“All the Time”

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BOX OFFICE TOP 20: ‘CRAZY RICH ASIANS’ NO.1 FOR THIRD WEEK

The glitzy romance “Crazy Rich Asians” topped the North American box oice over Labor Day weekend, its third consecutive weekend in the No. 1 spot. The Warner Bros. ilm added $28.6 million over the four-day weekend, bringing its domestic grosses to $117.3 million. The shark thriller “The Meg” landed in second place in its fourth weekend, with $13.8 million, while “Mission: Impossible — Fallout” slid into third place with an additional $9.3 million, bumping it past the $200 million mark in its sixth weekend in theaters. Newcomer “Operation Finale” debuted in fourth place with $7.8 million, while “Searching,” which expanded to 1,207 locations, snagged ifth place with $7.6 million. 127

The top 20 movies at U.S. and Canadian theaters Friday through Monday, followed by distribution studio, gross, number of theater locations, average receipts per location, total gross and number of weeks in release, as compiled Tuesday by comScore:

“Crazy Rich Asians,” Warner Bros., $28,576,222, 3,865 locations, $7,394 average, $117,303,610, 3 Weeks.

“The Meg,” Warner Bros., $13,816,467, 3,761 locations, $3,674 average, $123,802,883, 4 Weeks.

“Mission: Impossible - Fallout,” Paramount, $9,315,171, 2,639 locations, $3,530 average, $206,661,700, 6 Weeks.

“Operation Finale,” MGM, $7,874,583, 1,818 locations, $4,331 average, $9,601,678, 1 Week.

“Searching,” Sony, $7,615,035, 1,207 locations, $6,309 average, $8,123,515, 2 Weeks.

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“Disney’s Christopher Robin,” Disney, $7,200,627, 2,925 locations, $2,462 average, $87,609,495, 5 Weeks.

“Alpha,” Sony, $6,041,852, 2,881 locations, $2,097 average,

$28,964,072, 3 Weeks.

“BlacKkKlansman,” Focus Features, $5,649,155, 1,766 locations, $3,199 average, $39,841,980, 4 Weeks.

“The Happytime Murders,” STX Entertainment, $5,393,676, 3,256 locations, $1,657 average, $18,009,370, 2 Weeks.

10.

“Mile 22,” STX Entertainment, $4,813,948, 2,950 locations, $1,632 average, $33,000,282, 3 Weeks.

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11.

“Incredibles 2,” Disney, $4,718,468, 2,890 locations, $1,633 average, $602,579,381, 12 Weeks.

12.

“Kin,” Lionsgate, $3,867,703, 2,141 locations, $1,806 average, $3,867,703, 1 Week.

13.

“Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation,” Sony, $2,943,417, 1,421 locations, $2,071 average, $162,844,423, 8 Weeks.

14.

“Ya Veremos,” Lionsgate, $2,259,362, 369 locations, $6,123 average, $2,259,362, 1 Week.

15.

“Slender Man,” Sony, $2,200,786, 1,534 locations, $1,435 average,

$28,560,595, 4 Weeks.

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16.

“Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom,” Universal, $1,925,330, 1,556 locations, $1,237 average, $415,210,470, 11 Weeks.

17.

“A.X.L.,” Open Road, $1,889,688, 1,710 locations, $1,105 average, $5,674,623, 2 Weeks.

18.

“The Equalizer 2,” Sony, $1,846,665, 1,476 locations, $1,251 average,

$100,748,027, 7 Weeks.

19.

“Ant-Man and the Wasp,” Disney, $1,817,399, 830 locations, $2,190 average, $213,977,857, 9 Weeks.

20.

“Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again,” Universal, $1,672,650,

1,010 locations, $1,656 average, $118,120,770, 7 Weeks.

Universal and Focus are owned by NBC Universal, a unit of Comcast Corp.; Sony, Columbia, Sony Screen Gems and Sony Pictures Classics are units of Sony Corp.; Paramount is owned by Viacom Inc.; Disney, Pixar and Marvel are owned by The Walt Disney Co.; Miramax is owned by Filmyard Holdings LLC; 20th Century Fox and Fox Searchlight are owned by 21st Century Fox; Warner Bros. and New Line are units of Time Warner Inc.; MGM is owned by a group of former creditors including Highland Capital, Anchorage Advisors and Carl Icahn; Lionsgate is owned by Lions Gate Entertainment Corp.; IFC is owned by AMC Networks Inc.; Rogue is owned by Relativity Media LLC.

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LONDON SHOW EXPLORES HIDDEN WORLD OF FACIAL RECOGNITION

Don’t judge by appearances. It’s an age-old piece of advice that is being roundly ignored by corporations, governments and lawenforcement agencies around the globe. British police use facial-recognition technology to scan crowds for suspects. Owners of the latest iPhones can unlock their phones with face ID. Whole Foods and other retailers are testing facial recognition as a way of eliminating check-out tills in stores. Modern technology means your face is both your identity and a commodity — but as an exhibition going on display in London shows, that technology is far from perfect. “Face Values,” the U.S. entry at the multinational London Design Biennale, explores how computers’ ability to read faces is changing the world, with implications for privacy and individuality that we still don’t fully understand. 137

“We are on camera 50 times a day and there are all these software companies that are deriving information from us,” said R. Luke DuBois, one of the exhibition’s designers. Curated by New York’s Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum , “Face Values” includes two interactive pieces that explore the scope and limits of what technology can learn about you from your face. Artist and computer programmer Zachary Lieberman invites visitors to sit in front of a screen as a computer maps their expressions, compares them to others’ and produces an analysis of the sitter’s emotion. “It’s a kind of ﬁngerprint of your facial expression,” said Lieberman, who has helped design an eyetracking system for people with paralysis. “This project involved a lot of trying to understand, how do you quantify expression?” he said at a preview of the exhibition on Monday. “How do you turn expression into numbers,” in order to compare one expression to another. The limits of such technology become clearer in the accompanying piece by DuBois, director of the Brooklyn Experimental Media Center at New York University’s engineering school. Visitors sit in front of a screen and are asked to display a speciﬁc emotion. Using technology similar to that deployed by some police forces, the system calculates the individual’s age, gender, race and emotional state. The results are both intrusive and sometimes inaccurate. One visitor, attempting to project calmness, registered as afraid. Another, asked to look disgusted, was told she appeared happy.

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DuBois said the technology is only as good as the data that goes into it — and the sets of images that companies and organizations use to compare emotions are often inadequate. The rules governing the use of such technology vary widely around the world. In China, facial recognition is being used with few restrictions for everything from advertising to law-enforcement. In the European Union, data-protection rules mean personal information can’t be collected without the subject’s consent. The U.S. has no such limits, although California recently passed a similar law. DuBois says he wants to increase awareness about this powerful and fastdeveloping technology. “In an older era — like 10 years ago — we should have been paying a lot more attention to what kind of data Facebook was taking from us,” he said. “And now it’s a little too late.” Cooper Hewitt hopes to take its exhibit to the United States after its run in London. The Design Biennale, which runs Tuesday to Sept. 23 at London’s Somerset House, includes exhibits from 40 countries, cities and territories under the loose theme “Emotional States.” They include Latvia’s birch- and pine-scented room, where visitors can write on a green wall of condensation; Australia’s rainbow-colored installation celebrating same-sex marriage; and Hong Kong’s room plastered with scratch-and-sniﬀ wallpaper scented like roast duck, egg tarts, incense and opium.

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WHAT IS SHADOW BANNING?

The sinister-sounding term “shadow banning” has been in play recently, mostly thanks to conservatives — including President Donald Trump — accusing Twitter and other technology companies of political bias. “Twitter ‘SHADOW BANNING’ prominent Republicans. Not good. We will look into this discriminatory and illegal practice at once! Many complaints,” the president tweeted on July 26. (His tweet was not accurate.) Here’s a look at shadow banning and why it’s now a political issue.

HISTORY OF SHADOW BANNING Shadow bans started in the early days of online discussion groups and the tools used to police disruptive participants. Moderators could always just disable the accounts of spammers, harassers or those who were just too argumentative. But sometimes banned users came back with new accounts, prolonging the turmoil and creating a lengthy round of whack-a-mole. 145

So forums came up with an alternative punishment: the shadow ban. Instead of disabling the target’s account entirely, shadow banning just seals the ofending account in a hermetic bubble. The shadow-banned user can still post freely — but no one else sees their messages. At Reddit, shadow banning was long the only tool available to moderators. It shuts down spam and, in theory, lets internet trolls stew in their own juices until they get bored and drift away.

DOES TWITTER SHADOW BAN USERS? Twitter says no, although some political conservatives remain unconvinced of that. In May, Twitter outlined a new approach intended to reduce the impact of disruptive users, or trolls, by reading “behavioral signals” that tend to indicate when users are more interested in blowing up conversations than in contributing. For instance, Twitter will take note if users sign up for multiple accounts at the same time, or if they repeatedly tweet at or mention accounts that don’t follow them.

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While accounts lagged this way don’t technically violate Twitter policy, the company now wants to protect the “health” of users’ online conversations. (That word is now a staple in the company’s lexicon; CEO Jack Dorsey used “health,”“healthy” or “unhealthy” 31 times in pprepared congressional testimonyTuesday.) So Twitter will reduce their visibility in certain ways, by displaying them less prominently in search results or conversation threads. That’s not actually shadow banning, since these users and their tweets are still visible on Twitter in other ways. Dorsey said in his testimony that “we do not shadowban anyone based on political ideology.”

WHY PEOPLE ARE TALKING ABOUT SHADOW BANS Largely because Trump tweeted about them. And for that, we have Vice News to thank. On July 25, Vice News published a story claiming that Twitter was “limiting the visibility” of prominent Republicans in search results. In particular, it wrote, Twitter wasn’t autosuggesting some names — such as Ronna McDaniels, head of the Republican National Committee — if you searched for them. Similarly prominent Democrats reportedly weren’t afected the same way. Typing “Bugs Bu” in the Twitter search box, for instance, wouldn’t autosuggest the account of a prominent cartoon rabbit. But you could still search for Bugs Bunny’s tweets by typing in his full name. They would also turn up in your feed if you followed him. So the wascally wabbit would not be shadow banned. 148

Image: Kacper Pempel

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But when Trump declared the issue an example of shadow banning, many followed along. Later that day, Twitter’s head of product, Kayvon Beykpour, acknowledged that the company’s behavioral signal analysis was at fault , and said the company had ixed the issue. In a blog post co-authored by Beykpour, Twitter said “we do not ’shadowban.’” It said “hundreds of thousands” of accounts were afected, and that the problem wasn’t “limited to political accounts or speciic geographies.”

THE FUROR CONTINUES Conservative complaints of shadow banning have been in play for a few years. In a 2016 Breitbart article, right-wing provocateur Milo Yiannopoulos wrote that Twitter was blacklisting “politically inconvenient users,” citing an unnamed individual inside the company. Project Veritas, a conservative group that produces “sting” videos intended to embarrass liberal organizations and media outits, released a heavily edited video that purported to show Twitter engineers and oicials describing shadow banning.

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Sen. Ted Cruz of Texas cited the Project Veritas video in a January 17 hearing in which he grilled Twitter policy director Carlos Monje over the question of shadow banning. Similar questions are likely to arise in a Wednesday congressional hearing at which Dorsey will be the sole witness. Dorsey argued in his prepared testimony that it would make no sense to mute users based on politics. “From a simple business perspective and to serve the public conversation, Twitter is incentivized to keep all voices on the platform,” he said. Twitter’s most prominent user, after all, happens to be a Republican. 153

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ROBOT BOAT SAILS INTO HISTORY BY FINISHING ATLANTIC CROSSING

All summer, the small boat drifted steadily eastward across the churning North Atlantic until it neared the Irish coast, where it made history by becoming the first unmanned sailboat to cross the Atlantic. The SB Met, built by Norwegian company Offshore Sensing AS, reached the finish line of the Microtransat Challenge for robotic boats on Aug. 26, two and a half months after setting off from Newfoundland, according to preliminary data. It’s a milestone that shows the technology for unmanned boats is robust enough to carry out extended missions that can dramatically cut costs for ocean research, border security, and surveillance in rough or remote waters. 155

They’re part of wider efforts to develop autonomous marine vessels such as robotic ferries and cargo and container ships that could be operating by the end of the decade, outpacing attempts to commercialize selfdriving cars. “We’ve proved that it’s possible to do,” said David Peddie, CEO of Offshore Sensing , which created the oceangoing drones, known as Sailbuoys. “The North Atlantic is one of the toughest areas to cross” and completing the challenge “really proves that it’s a long endurance vehicle for pretty much any condition the sea can throw at you,” he said. Under the Microtransat’s rules, boats up to 2.4 meters (2.6 yards) long can sail between Europe and the Caribbean or North America and Ireland. They must regularly transmit location data. The Sailbuoy competed in the “unmanned” class, which allows operators to change its course along the way. There’s a separate “autonomous” class that prohibits any such communication. While self-driving cars have to contend with pedestrians and other traffic, autonomous boats face storms that bring fierce gales and high waves as well as numerous seaborne hazards. More than 20 previous attempts by various teams to complete the Microtransat since it began in 2010 have ended in failure, with robot boats caught in fishing nets, retrieved by ships, or lost, according to the race website. Peddie said his biggest fear was that a passing boat would pick up the two-meter, 60 kilogram (130 pound) vessel as it neared the finish. 156

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The company is in a niche field with few other players. U.S. startup Saildrone is building a fleet of seven-meter “unmanned surface vehicles” that can spend up to 12 months gathering ocean data. Liquid Robotics , owned by Boeing, makes the Wave Glider, a research platform that uses wave rather than wind power for propulsion. Bigger unmanned ships are coming, too, and the International Maritime Organization is reviewing the safety, security and environmental implications. Offshore Sensing has built 14 Sailbuoys, which have a surfboard-shaped deck covered in solar panels that power the onboard technology and a rigid trapezoidal sail mounted near the bow that propels the vessel. In company videos, it looks like a toy tossed about by waves and passing ships, making its achievement all the more unlikely. Peddie says robotic sailboats offer important advantages. Unlike drifting buoys, they can loiter in one place, and they’re nimbler and cheaper than research vessels. “These vehicles can do stuff which you cannot do with a traditional vehicle, especially in dangerous areas,” such as a hurricane’s path, Peddie said. Sailbuoys can be fitted with sensors to measure waves, ocean salinity and oxygen levels; echo sounders to look for fish eggs and larvae; or transmitters to communicate with undersea equipment. They sell for about 150,000 euros ($175,000), similar to the cost of renting a research vessel for a few days.

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“The great advantage is that you can collect an awful lot of data for very low cost,” Peddie said. A spinoﬀ contest, the annual World Robot Sailing Championship held late Aug. in the English port city of Southampton, also showcased robotic sailing technology. Teams from British, French, Finnish and Chinese

A team from France’s ENSTA Bretagne graduate engineering research institute dominated the first challenge, a race around a triangle-shaped course, with their sleek, angular fluorescentgreen carbon fiber boat. Servo winches controlled the two transparent plastic sails and the rudder as wind, GPS and compass sensors fed readings to an onboard computer.

universities put their machines to the test in a series of challenges including collision avoidance and area scanning, in which vessels have to cover as much of an area as possible. Self-sailing boats operate on similar principles to self-driving cars. They use sensors to scan their surroundings and feed the data to an artiﬁcial intelligence system that gives instructions to the vehicle.

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Others didn’t fare so well. One of the two Chinese teams couldn’t stop their boat from being pushed way oﬀ course by the strong tide.

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“Other ships are thin and long. Ours is too wide and fat,” said Hou Chunxiao of the Shanghai Jiaotong University team, a joint collaboration between students and staff from a maritime company run by their thesis supervisor. Smaller and lighter electronics, better solar panels, 3D printing and other technological advances are making it easier to build selfsailing boats, competitors said. “We talk more about autonomous cars or drones, but sailboats are also a big thing,” said Ulysse Vautier, of the Plymouth University team. “There’s so much to discover on the ocean. With the environmental and ecological problems we face today,” autonomous sailing boats are an energy-efficient way to do ocean research, Vautier said, adding that future uses could include swarms of sailing drones scanning the sea floor for the missing Malaysian Airlines flight MH370. Until Sailbuoy’s achievement, the only unmanned watercraft to cross the Atlantic previously was a battery-powered underwater glider in 2009. Now, more milestones are quickly looming on the horizon line after its feat, said Colin Sauze, the Microtransat’s coordinator. A team from Canada’s Dalhousie University is making progress in achieving a trans-Atlantic crossing under the “autonomous” rules, when the boat’s direction is not adjusted remotely during the trip. And there will be new variations of the contest to come. Now, Sauze said, “the challenge is to do it faster, cheaper and do it with a smaller boat.”

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PLUTO EXPLORER SPOTS NEXT DESTINATION BILLION MILES BEYOND

A NASA spacecraft that explored Pluto has spotted its next target on the outskirts of our solar system. NASA this week revealed pictures taken by New Horizons earlier this month of a tiny icy world known as Ultima Thule (THOO-lee). New Horizons is aiming for a lyby on New Yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Day. It will be humanityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most distant exploration of a celestial body, 4 billion miles (6.4 billion kilometers) from Earth and 1 billion miles (1.6 billion kilometers) beyond Pluto. New Horizons in 2015 became the irst spacecraft to visit Pluto. Ultima Thule is minuscule by comparison, an estimated 20 miles (30 kilometers) across. Scientists were surprised New Horizons could detect it from 100 million miles (155 million kilometers) out. The pictures are the farthest ever taken, with more to come. 165

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NATURAL IMAGINE DRAGONS

YOU SAY LAUREN DAIGLE

YOUNGBLOOD 5 SECONDS OF SUMMER

I LIKE IT CARDI B

GIRLS LIKE YOU (FEAT. CARDI B) MAROON 5

BEERBONGS & BENTLEYS POST MALONE

GOD IS A WOMAN ARIANA GRANDE

IN MY FEELINGS DRAKE

SITTINâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; PRETTY FLORIDA GEORGIA LINE

MY BLOOD TWENTY ONE PILOTS

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THE GREATEST SHOWMAN (ORIGINAL MOTION PICTURE SOUNDTRACK) VARIOUS ARTISTS

SWEETENER ARIANA GRANDE

RAINIER FOG ALICE IN CHAINS

AURA OZUNA

LOVE YOURSELF

ANSWERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

BTS

BEERBONGS & BENTLEYS POST MALONE

QUEEN NICKI MINAJ

PRAY FOR THE WICKED PANIC! AT THE DISCO

30 GREATEST HITS ARETHA FRANKLIN

HAMILTON (ORIGINAL BROADWAY CAST RECORDING) ORIGINAL BROADWAY CAST OF HAMILTON

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IDOL BTS

GIRLS LIKE YOU (FEAT. CARDI B) MAROON 5

PERFECT SYMPHONY (WITH ANDREA BOCELLI) ED SHEERAN

IN MY FEELINGS DRAKE

MADE FOR NOW JANET JACKSON & DADDY YANKEE

YOU SAY LAUREN DAIGLE

FOREVER COUNTRY ARTISTS OF THEN, NOW & FOREVER

HAVANA (FEAT. YOUNG THUG) CAMILA CABELLO

FAKE LOVE BTS

I LIKE IT CARDI B, BAD BUNNY & J BALVIN

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THE NIGHTMARE BEFORE CHRISTMAS KEEPING UP WITH THE KARDASHIANS, SEASON 15

SHE SAID / SHE SAID THE REAL HOUSEWIVES OF ORANGE COUNTY, SEASON 13

504A BACHELOR IN PARADISE, SEASON 5

TALK BETTER CALL SAUL, SEASON 4

READY, SET, LAUNCH VERY CAVALLARI, SEASON 1

VANISH SHARP OBJECTS

DROP DEAD GORGEOUS KEEPING UP WITH THE KARDASHIANS, SEASON 15

FAMILY TIES 90 DAY FIANCE: BEFORE THE 90 DAYS, SEASON 2

REUNION: PART II TEEN MOM, VOL. 20

ITâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S COMPLICATED JERSEY SHORE: FAMILY VACATION, SEASON 2

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TO ALL THE BOYS Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;VE LOVED BEFORE JENNY HAN

CRAZY RICH ASIANS KEVIN KWAN

GIRL, WASH YOUR FACE RACHEL HOLLIS

TEXAS RANGER JAMES PATTERSON

P.S. I STILL LOVE YOU JENNY HAN

CHINA RICH GIRLFRIEND KEVIN KWAN

PIECES OF HER KARIN SLAUGHTER

A SIMPLE FAVOR DARCEY BELL

ALWAYS AND FOREVER, LARA JEAN JENNY HAN

TAILSPIN SANDRA BROWN

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UEFA SETS 2019 SUPER CUP TARGET TO START USING VIDEO REVIEW

UEFA plans to start using video review to help referees at next year’s Super Cup. The often-controversial technology is unlikely to be used for this season’s Champions League, UEFA president Aleksander Ceferin said. “For now, it doesn’t look as though it will happen,” Ceferin said a day after the Champions League draw. The Super Cup game between this season’s Champions League and Europa League winners will be played on Aug. 14, 2019, in Istanbul at the home stadium of Besiktas. Image: Hector Vivas

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UEFA could then use video assistant referees in next season’s Champions League, starting in the playoff round, and the Europa League from 2020. Ceferin has been a skeptic of the VAR system, promoted strongly by FIFA president Gianni Infantino, but said it worked better than expected at the World Cup in Russia. “VAR is not completely clear for now, but we also know now there is no way back any more,” the Slovenian official said. Still, the technology is harder for UEFA with simultaneous games across Europe using different national broadcasters. In Russia, FIFA had a single production team with most games occupying their own time slot. “We don’t know yet how to do it,” Ceferin said, adding that UEFA’s use of assistant referees beside each goal could also end when VAR is operational. That system was promoted by former UEFA president Michel Platini to counter FIFA’s introduction of goal-line technology. “I don’t know what will happen with the fifth referee,” Ceferin said. “Do we need the fifth referee?” Speaking a day after presenting Champions League winner Luka Modric with his trophy as the best player in Europe last season, Ceferin said UEFA had expected Cristiano Ronaldo to attend the ceremony. Ronaldo placed second behind his former Real Madrid teammate in the vote. “A few hours before (the event) we got the information that he is not coming,” Ceferin said. “The rest is a question for Cristiano.”

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FANS REJOICE: SUBSCRIPTIONFREE STREAMING FOR NFL GAMES

The good news for football fans: It’s going to be much easier to watch NFL games online this year. The league is inally dropping a requirement that viewers sign in with a cable or satellite subscription, in hopes of expanding its online audience at a time when TV ratings are declining . Though there are restrictions — no free streaming on smart TVs, for instance — the move marks a signiicant departure for sports. Other major professional leagues still require TV subscriptions for hometown teams. The NFL regular season started Thursday (06). “We think people will still want to watch on the biggest screen possible,” said Brian Rolapp, the league’s chief business and media oicer. But as more people drop cable or satellite subscriptions — or never sign up in the irst place — the NFL needs to be lexible in order to reach them, Rolapp said. Even those who can watch on TV are preferring phones, he said. 181

“If you don’t get to that younger demographic, who aren’t conditioned to go to the television, you do run the risk of losing them,” he said. The NFL has been inching toward subscriptionfree games in recent years. It made a deal with Twitter, then Amazon, to stream a handful of games online . This year, Amazon will ofer 11 Thursday night games for free on its Twitch app or on its Prime Video app with a $119-a-year Prime subscription. Last season, Verizon customers got subscriptionfree access on phones to whatever CBS or Fox was broadcasting regionally on Sunday afternoons, plus all the nationally televised games on NBC, ESPNW and NFL Network. Now, any wireless customer can get them on both phones and tablets. The one restriction: Seven games that are exclusive to the NFL Network channel can be viewed only on phones with a cellular connection — no Wi-Fi, no tablets. Online football streaming, estimated by NFL oicials at 2 percent to 3 percent of overall viewership, isn’t enough yet to ofset declines in television viewership. But the NFL believes every viewer counts. A key element in getting the television networks on board: The networks get to sell the majority of ads appearing on those subscription-free streams. Distributors such as Verizon get the rest. The subscription-free games will be available on the NFL app and the Verizon-owned Yahoo Sports, Tumblr and AOL apps in the U.S. On iPhones and iPads, the games can also be streamed on the Safari web browser. TV networks will still stream games through their apps, but you’ll typically have to sign in 182

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with a cable or satellite subscription. That’s how you can get games on smart TVs, including streaming-TV devices such as Apple TV and Roku, as well as on laptops and desktop computers. The network apps will stream games on phones, too, something not available before because of Verizon’s exclusivity. Cable-like online streaming packages ofer yet another option for TVs. Only two major ones have all ive football networks: PlayStation Vue for $50 a month, and DirecTV Now for $55. Sling TV ofers budget-conscious fans NBC, Fox and NFL Network for $25. Sling TV and others ofer four networks for $40 or $45. Some of the over-the-air stations might not be available in your market, especially outside big cities, so check before subscribing. As for NFL RedZone, a channel that switches from game to game to show key plays and scoring, you can subscribe on phones for $5 a month. But if you want to watch on other devices, you need to irst subscribe to a cable, satellite or online package, then pay extra. Once a game ends, it’s available for streaming through the NFL Game Pass service, which costs $100 for the season. And for out-of-market games — those not televised by your local CBS or Fox station — DirecTV ofers the NFL Sunday Ticket starting at nearly $300 for the season. It’s typically limited to DirecTV satellite subscribers, though an online package is available if you can’t get a signal where you live. DirecTV Now subscribers in seven cities can also get it as part of a test ofering. As for college football, the bulk will be on cable channels. Online policies vary, but a cable, satellite or online TV package is typically required. 185

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DRIVEN BY CLIMATE CHANGE, FIRE RESHAPES US WEST

Wildires in the U.S. have charred more than 10,000 square miles so far this year, an area larger than the state of Maryland, with large ires still burning in every Western state including many that are not fully contained. Whether sparked by lightning or humans, ire has long been a force shaping the landscape of the U.S. West. Hot, dry winds can whip lames into irestorms that leave behind charred wastelands prone to erosion and mudslides. Other ires clear out underbrush, open the forest loor to sunlight and stimulate growth. Government agencies in recent decades efectively upended that cycle of destruction and rebirth. Fire suppression policies allowed fuels to build up in many Western forests, making them more susceptible to major ires. 187

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Those inluences are magniied as development creeps ever deeper into forests and climate change brings hotter temperatures. Recent images of subdivisions ablaze thrust the power and ecological role of wildires into the spotlight. A look at the environmental efects of wildires:

SMOKE AND RUIN Most immediately ire brings destruction. Temperatures from extreme ires can top 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit — hot enough to kill all plant life, incinerate seeds hidden beneath the surface and bake the soil until it becomes impervious to rain. The lifeless landscape becomes prone to severe erosion, fouling streams and rivers with silt that kills ish and other aquatic life. Torrents of muddy debris following ires last year in Southern California killed 21 people and destroyed 129 homes. U.S. Geological Survey scientists say the problem is getting worse as the area burned annually by wildires increases. A study last year concluded sediment from erosion following ires would more than double by 2050 for about a third of western watersheds. Smoke from this summer’s Western wildires — a potential health hazard for at-risk individuals — prompted the closure of Yosemite National Park for more than two weeks and drifted to the East Coast , according to NASA. Recent research says it also impacts climate change as small particles spiral into the upper atmosphere and interfere with the sun’s rays.

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CLIMATE QUESTIONS Scientists broadly agree wildires are getting bigger in North America and other parts of the world as the climate warms. But still emerging is how that change will alter the natural progression of ire and regrowth.

Similar shifts are being observed in Colorado, Wyoming’s Yellowstone National Park and Glacier National Park in Montana, he said. The relationship between climate and ire cuts both ways. A longer ire season and bigger

The time interval between wildires in some

ires in the boreal forests of Alaska and Canada

locations is getting shorter, even as there’s less

are burning not just trees but also tundra and

moisture to help trees regrow. That means some

organic matter in soils, which hold roughly

forests burn, then never grow back, converting

a third of the Earth’s terrestrial carbon, said

instead into shrub land more adapted to

David Peterson, a former U.S. Forest Service

frequent ire, said Jonathan Thompson, a senior

research scientist.

ecologist at Harvard University.

The carbon enters the atmosphere and

“They get stuck in this trap of repeated, highseverity ire,” Thompson said. “Through time we’ll see the California shrub land shifting north.”

contributes to higher temperatures, leading to bigger ires that release yet more carbon.

Image: Xxxxx

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BIRD IN THE BALANCE Life and property still top the list of priorities for ireighters, but in recent years another asset has been deemed worth extra protection in many Western states: a chicken-sized bird known as the greater sage grouse. Fires burned an estimated 3,240 square miles (8,390 square kilometers) of the bird’s sage bush habitat in 2017 and have burned almost 2,400 square miles (6,215 square kilometers) so far in 2018. When sage brush burns, it’s often replaced with a plant from Europe called cheatgrass, which crowds out native plants and is more prone to burning. That’s challenging government eforts to keep greater sage grouse of the endangered species list, which could restrict economic development. Areas considered crucial to the bird’s survival now get extra attention: A military-type Blackhawk helicopter is under government contract to deploy quick-reaction teams to snuf out sage brush ires in portions of Idaho, Nevada, Utah and Oregon.

REGENERATION A turning point in public understanding of the ecological importance of ire came in 1988 , when 1,240 square miles (3,200 square kilometers) of Yellowstone National Park burned. The devastation, punctuated by images of wildlife leeing lames, fed into the perception of wildires as a menace to be battled. The events drew criticism of the park’s “let it burn” policy. Oicials didn’t immediately squelch 192

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lightning-caused ires that June because they did not pose an immediate threat to life or property, but eventually ended up deploying 10,000 ireighters. By that fall, seedlings already were emerging in some burned out areas. Park biologist Roy Renkin recalls a visitor reacting with surprise a decade later when he told her a thick stand of young trees emerging from a burned area had come back on their own. Lodgepole pines are commonly cited as an example of forest resiliency. The ire’s heat releases seeds from the pine’s cones. Several species of woodpeckers thrive on insects attracted to ire-killed trees. A plant called ireweed is specially adapted to take root in ire-damaged soils, multiplying rapidly and forming carpets of pink petals against a blackened backdrop. “It’s isn’t all death and destruction,” Renkin said. “These forests have evolved with ire.” 195

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WILL RUSSIAN HACKERS AFFECT THIS YEARâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S US ELECTION?

Nearly a year after Russian government hackers meddled in the 2016 U.S. election, researchers at cybersecurity irm Trend Micro zeroed in on a new sign of trouble: a group of suspect websites. The sites mimicked a portal used by U.S. senators and their stafs, with easy-to-miss discrepancies. Emails to Senate users urged them to reset their passwords â&#x20AC;&#x201D; an apparent attempt to steal them. Once again, hackers on the outside of the American political system were probing for a way in. 197

“Their attack methods continue to take advantage of human nature and when you get into an election cycle the targets are very public,” said Mark Nunnikhoven, vice president of cloud research at Trend Micro. Now the U.S. has entered a new election cycle. And the attempt to iniltrate the Senate network, linked to hackers aligned with Russia and brought to public attention in July, is a reminder of the risks, and the diiculty of assessing them. Newly reported attempts at iniltration and social media manipulation — which Moscow oicially denies — point to Russia’s continued interest in meddling in U.S. politics. There is no clear evidence, experts said, of eforts by the Kremlin speciically designed to disrupt elections in November. But it wouldn’t take much to cause turmoil. “It’s not a question of whether somebody is going to try to breach the system, to manipulate the system, to inluence the system,” said Robby Mook, who managed Hillary Clinton’s presidential campaign and codirects a Harvard University project to protect democracy from cyberattacks, in an interview earlier this year. “The question is: Are we prepared for it?” Online targeting of the U.S. political system has come on three fronts — eforts to get inside political campaigns and institutions and expose damaging information; probes of electoral systems, potentially to alter voter data and results; and fake ads and accounts on social media used to spread disinformation and fan divisions among Americans. 198

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In recent weeks, Microsoft reported that it had disabled six Russian-launched websites masquerading as U.S. think tanks and Senate sites. Facebook and the security irm FireEye revealed inluence campaigns , originating in Iran and Russia, that led the social network to remove 652 impostor accounts, some targeted at Americans. The oice of Republican Sen. Pat Toomey of Pennsylvania said hackers tied to a “nation-state” had sent phishing emails to old campaign email accounts. U.S. oicials said they have not detected any attempts to corrupt election systems or leak information rivaling Kremlin hacking before President Donald Trump’s surprise 2016 victory. Still, “we fully realize that we are just one click away of the keyboard from a similar situation repeating itself,” Dan Coats, the director of national intelligence, said in July. Michael McFaul, the architect of the Obama administration’s Russia policy, has said he believes Russian President Vladimir Putin perceives little beneit in a major disruption efort this year, preferring to keep his powder dry for the 2020 presidential contest. But even if the upcoming elections escape disruption, that hardly means the U.S. is in the clear. Trump’s decision in May to eliminate the post of White House cybersecurity coordinator conirmed his lack of interest in countering Russian meddling, critics say. Congress has not delivered any legislation to combat election interference or disinformation. Last week, a review of the bipartisan “Secure Elections Act” was canceled after Republican leaders registered objections, congressional stafers said. 200

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The risks extend beyond the midterms. “The biggest question is going to be how are you going to make sure that people actually trust the results, because democracy relies on credibility,” said Ben Nimmo, a researcher at the Atlantic Council. “It’s not over after November.” Experts said it is too late to safeguard U.S. voting systems and campaigns this election cycle. But with two months to go, there is time enough to take stock of the Russian-sponsored interference that has come to light so far — and to assess the risks of what we don’t know. In mid-2016, hackers found a way into the voter registration database at the Illinois State Board of Elections and spent three weeks poking around. After the breach was discovered, oicials said the iniltrators had downloaded the records of up to 90,000 voters. Image: Kacper Pempel

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It’s not clear that anything nefarious was done with those records. But when special counsel Robert Mueller charged a dozen Russian intelligence agents with hacking this July, the indictment clariied the potential for damage. The hackers had, in fact, stolen information on 500,000 voters, including dates of birth and partial Social Security numbers. “The internet allows foreign adversaries to attack Americans in new and unexpected ways,” Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein said, in announcing the indictments. The Illinois hack is the most notable case of foreign tampering with U.S. election systems to come to light. There has been no evidence of eforts to change voter information or tamper with voting machines, though experts caution hackers might have planted unseen malware in far-lung election systems that could be triggered later. Potential problems are not limited to Illinois. A week before the 2016 general election, Russian intelligence agents sent spear-phishing emails to 122 local elections oicials who were customers of VR Systems, a Tallahassee, Floridabased election software vendor. In addition to Illinois, at least 20 other state systems were probed by the same Russian military unit that targeted VR’s customers, federal oicials said. “My unoicial opinion is that we’re kind of fooling ourselves if we don’t think that they tried to at least make a pass at all 50 states,” said Christopher Krebs, the undersecretary for critical infrastructure at DHS.

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In June 2017, the federal Election Assistance Commission informed dozens of local voting oicials that hackers had attempted to penetrate the systems of a voting system manufacturer, presumed by many to be VR. “Attempts have been made to obtain voting equipment, security information and in general to probe for vulnerabilities,” the EAC wrote oicials. Despite those concerns, federal oicials have moved slowly to share intelligence with oicials who supervise elections. As of mid-August, 92 state oicials had been given clearances. Much of the machinery used to collect and tabulate votes is antiquated, built by a handful of unregulated and secretive vendors, with outdated software that makes them highly vulnerable to attacks, researchers said. “If someone was able to compromise even a handful of voting machines I think that would be suicient to cause people to not trust the system,” said Sherri Ramsay, a former National Security Agency senior executive. This spring, a website used by Knox County, Tennessee, oicials to display election-night results was knocked oline by an unidentiied perpetrator. While the attack was little noticed, it would not be hard to replicate, experts said. Combined with a social media campaign alleging vote tampering, such mischief could cast a shadow over an election, they said. Election oicials have been sandboxing such scenarios for weeks as they prepare for November’s balloting. There’s already a Russian playbook for thwarting an election: In Ukraine in 2014, the presidential

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contest was disrupted by a virus that scrambled election-management software, followed by a media disinformation campaign claiming a proMoscow candidate had won. Democratic Sen. Claire McCaskill of Missouri is plenty busy this fall as she seeks re-election in a state that voted overwhelmingly for Trump. So when an attempt by Russian hackers to iniltrate her campaign came to light in July, she acknowledged it only briely. “While this attack was not successful, it is outrageous that they think they can get away with this,” McCaskill said. “I will not be intimidated. I’ve said it before and I will say it again, Putin is a thug and a bully.” The failed hack, which included an attempt to steal the password of at least one McCaskill stafer through a fake Senate login website identiied by Microsoft, is the most notable instance of attempted campaign meddling by Russia made public this year. Microsoft executives said recently that the company had detected attempts by Russia’s GRU military intelligence agency to hack two senators. One was presumably McCaskill, but the others have not been identiied. The group behind that attempt, Fancy Bear, is the same one indicted July 13 and identiied by Microsoft as the creator of fake websites targeting the Hudson Institute and the International Republican Institute, frequent critics of the Kremlin. Since the summer of 2017, Fancy Bear has aggressively targeted political groups, universities, law enforcement agencies and anti-corruption nonproits in the U.S. and elsewhere, according to TrendMicro. Image: David Paul

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“Russian hackers appear to be broadening their target set, but I think tying it to the midterm elections is pure speculation at this point,” said Michael Connell, an analyst at the federally funded Center for Naval Analyses in Arlington, Virginia. There have been other recent reports of U.S. congressional campaign websites targeted by hackers, but that doesn’t mean Russian agents are to blame. Experts said most are likely run-of-the-mill criminal cyberattacks seeking inancial gain rather than political change. But Eric Rosenbach, who served as assistant secretary of defense for global security during President Barack Obama’s administration and is now at Harvard, said the limited examples of Russian intrusion that have come to light may be only a tip to more signiicant, still hidden schemes. “There probably have already been compromises of important campaigns in places where it could sway the outcome or undermine trust in the election,” Rosenbach said. “We might not see that until the very last moment.” The risk is magniied by poor eforts to protect many campaign sites, said Josh Franklin, until last month the lead National Institutes of Standards and Technology researcher on voting systems security. Nearly a third of the 527 House of Representatives campaigns examined by Franklin and fellow researchers had such poor cybersecurity they were graded worse than failing.

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“We couldn’t go any further with our scan,” he said. “We were told that we would be in danger of being sued by the candidate campaigns.” By the time a group called “ReSisters” began organizing a rally against white nationalism for Aug. 10, it had spent more than a year sharing left-wing posts about feminism, immigration and other hot-button topics. “Confront + Resist Fascism,” the group urged on a Facebook event page for its “No Unite the Right 2” protest in Washington, D.C. Likeminded Facebook users posted information about transportation, materials and location so those interested could attend. In late July, Facebook short-circuited the efort, shutting down the pages and accounts of ReSisters and 31 others. Despite appearing to speak for Americans, the company said, the accounts were planted by unidentiied outsiders to fuel divisions among U.S. voters. Researchers at the Atlantic Council who examined the accounts said they acted in ways echoing Russian troll operations before the 2016 election, pointing to English on the pages speckled with grammatical mistakes typical of native Russian speakers. “We face determined, well-funded adversaries who will never give up and are constantly changing tactics,” Facebook said. The outing of the sites is a reminder as November approaches that Russians and other foreign actors continue to use social media to try to inluence U.S. politics. Since the 2016 election, oicials and researchers have learned much more about such iniltration. The May release by House 212

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Democrats of more than 3,500 ads placed on Facebook by Russian agents from 2015 to 2017 revealed a deliberate campaign to inlame racial divisions in the U.S. Facebook and other tech companies say they are working hard to combat such behavior. But it is not nearly enough, experts said. The companies must be forced to act faster against Russian and other disinformation campaigns and be made more accountable, said Dipayan Ghosh, a fellow at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government who has worked at both the White House and Facebook on tech policy including social media manipulation. Ghosh said quantifying Russian disinformation on social media is diicult because they “ are operating behind a commercial veil” of for-proit networks that are not subject to public scrutiny. “The industry is currently accountable to nobody,” Ghosh said. After Facebook was criticized for allowing a data-mining irm to collect information about millions of its users, CEO Mark Zuckerberg said he was open to regulation. But the “Honest Ads Act,” which would require online political ads to be identiied as they are in traditional media, has stalled in Congress. The bill’s sponsors include the late John McCain and Sen. Mark Warner, the Virginia Democrat who has pressed Facebook for change since the 2016 elections. Executives from Facebook, Twitter and Google are expected to testify before Warner and other members of the Senate Intelligence Committee on Wednesday. Image: Chip Somodevilla

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Experts said they are uncertain of the efectiveness of Russian disinformation, complicating assessment of the threat it might now pose. In 2016, Russian actors likely did the greatest damage by hacking and leaking emails from Hillary Clinton’s campaign and Democrats’ national organization, which were widely reported by the news media. But comparatively few American voters saw individual pieces of misinformation on social media, making it unlikely that it swayed votes , said Brendan Nyhan, a University of Michigan political scientist who has analyzed the scope and impact of the Russian operations. “There’s still too much simplistic thinking about all-powerful propaganda that doesn’t correspond to what we know from social science about how hard it is to change people’s minds. I’m more concerned about the threat of intensifying polarization and calling the legitimacy of elections into question than I am about massive swings in vote choice,” he said. Still, it is clear that Russian intelligence views its eforts as successful and their example has already stirred others, like Iran, to try similar strategies. Such eforts are bent on coloring U.S. politics even if they are not tied to a speciic election, said Lee Foster, FireEye’s manager of information operations analysis. “Where do you draw the line between eforts to inluence the election or an election or eforts to inluence U.S. domestic politics in general?” Foster said. “We can’t just think in the context of the next election. It’s not like this goes away after the midterms.” 216

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PHONE BAN AT SCHOOL: FRENCH CHILDREN FORCED TO HANG UP

French children who are going back to school Monday after summer vacation will have to do so without their mobile phones. The government passed a law banning phone use in all primary and middle schools for the entire day, including during breaks —with exceptions in cases of emergency and for disabled children. Pupils are requested to shut down their mobiles or put them in a locker. High schools can also voluntarily implement the measure. Education Minister Jean-Michel Blanquer said it aims to help children focus on lessons, better socialize and reduce social media use. The ban is also designed to ﬁght online bullying, and prevent thefts and violence in school. The law allows teachers to conﬁscate phones until the end of the day in cases of non-compliance. 219