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Bees/or Development Journal 89
ISSUE NO 89, DECEMBER 2008
DEAR FRIENDS Apiculture is developing. Three important regional networks have recently held meetings: The Asian Apicultural Association (AAA) held their 9th Conference in China; the Association of Caribbean Beekeepers Associations held their Sth Cogress in Guyana; and he newcomer on this scee, Apilrade Africa held their
firt
ApiEXpo in Uganda. Congratulations to veryone within these networks who worked hard to ensure these meetings took place. With bees and beekeeping in crisis in many countries, we need Governments and policy makers to take notice
.
ae
erry
a 7 web NaS
r...
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fives ca display at Hangzhou Beewords Apiculture Company Ltd. This Chinese company. one of the largest. manufactures many Cover: Bee
products containing honey, pollen. propolis and
hes eltibiten conconting
allaspece
et
apicutture.
Neen
.
one :
nrodutt of value Southern SUdaN
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i
of apiculture, and events such as these are necessary to bring bees to their attention. Indeed, Presidents, Prime Ministers and Ministers of Agriculture were i
happy to participate in all of these events, as reported in the following pages.
Apiculture is developing elsewhere too, and bees and beekeeping often show their greatest worth for people living in countries that are under stress, such as .
:
Southern Sudan, Iraq and Zimbabwe. This edition contains news of beekeepers working in all of these hotspots. Meanwhile bees face new problems in Papua Ne Guinea, and even the EU has been forced into action.
Bees for Development is working hard to support beekeepers, and fortunately donors are supporting us, as you can see from the new work we are planning,
4
outlined below. Great thanks to everyone who is helping this cause.
°
4 Ny.Win
7
Nicola Bradbear
Uganda President launches African honey trade
network...
5th Caribbean Beekeeping Congress
Slow Food Oth
AAA
—
cece ..
Terra Madre
Conference...
8
VartOd PIODIOMS
9
EU votes to save bee populations
.9
News around the
hvadhtar
World...
NEW SERVICES IN THE NEW YEAR
look & Lean Ahead. Notice Board...
Bookshelf...
14
AFRICAN BEEKEEPING INFORMATION PORTAL
Inside Information...
15
Next year beekeepers in Africa will be able to access our new African Beekeeping Information Portal. Ms Pam Gregory has recently joined our team to work on this for 12 months. The
Bees for Development Journal Published quarterly by Bees for Development. Distributed to readers in more than 130 countries Editor Nicola Bradbear PhD Co-ordinator Helen Jackson BSc Copyright: As part of our Information Service you are welcome to translate and/or reproduce items appearing in &fDJ. Permission is given on the understanding that: BfDJ and author(s) are acknowledged. our contact details are provided in full, and you send us a copy of the item or the website address where it is used.
Portal will mean more and better information available on our website, and new publications available too. This new service is made possible with financial support from two donors:
The Wales for Africa Fund of the Welsh Assembly Government Richard Rowse and Brian Butcher, by way of the Rowse Family Trust
BEEKEEPING INFORMATION SERVICE At the same time, Bees for Development’s whole Information Service and website are being upgraded. The website will contain much more information, arranged such that it is readily accessible. Here at Bees for Development we hold vast stocks of beekeeping information, most of it in paper format. The process of making more of this accessible to everyone is a great task. We hope also to develop a way to enable people working in specific fields to readily make contact with one another. We will be working on this in the coming year. The
Bees/orDevelopment
costs of providing our Information Service to you via our enquiry answering, website and through this Journa/ are being supported by three Foundations:
Post
PO Box 105 Monmouth NP25 9AA, UK
Anglo American Group Foundation
Phone
+44 (0)16007 13648
Synchronicity Foundation
info@beesfordevelopment.org www.beesfordevelopment.org
Panta Rhea Foundation
Bees for Development Trust gratefully acknowledges this support
Bees/o; Development Journal 89
PRACTICAL BEEKEEPING
QUALITY HONEY FROM AFFORDABLE LOCAL-STYLE HIVES Jacob Mogga, Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry, Juba, Southern Sudan KEYWORDS: Africa, bee products, beekeeping, development, honey Dee. honey hunting, income generation. savannah, Sudan, training
Southern Sudan has areas of forest and open woodland savannah that are rich with nectar and pollen producing plants. These natural forests with no contamination from chemical pesticides or other industrial
potlution, offer Southern Sudan the potential to be one of the best honey production areas of East and Central Africa. With rainfall for nine
months (at the extreme south-west towards Congo} to six months (at its northern borders), there is enough natural forage to support bee colonies all year round and enable two to three honey harvests per year. Under these good conditions, honey hunters and beekeepers exploit bees to harvest honey for consumption and income generation.
Dr
decades of civil war have prevented beekeeping development: ey delivered to market is generally of low quality and sold in various containers. Improvement of bee product quality has now started in Western and Central Equatoria States to enable producers to sell quality
a fual the local sivie Gf Ouiaing
in another
black combs or unripe honey. Any ripe haney honeycombs are put in other containers as Grade I!I honey, suitable to process for home consumption or for sale to !ocal beer brewers. The first two grades are the ones to sell or process for further commercial container as Grade
in
Il
packaging.
Minimum use of smoke
Removal of bees and other debris
Burning grass or twigs are used to smoke during honey harvest. Due to the destructive and ruthless ways that honeycombs are removed, especially from wild nests by honey hunters, most calm bee strains are being killed in favour of defensive ones that have better chances to
During the honeycomb grading, any pieces of charcoal from burnt grasses or twigs used to produce smoke, pieces of leaves or grasses and dead bees, combs containing pollen stores and brood, should all be removed from Grade and Il honeycombs to avoid contamination of |
survive and multiply. Thus despite the bees’ defensiveness, producers are being trained to adopt gentle treatment of their bees, using little smoke or burning grass.
the honey.
Use of suitable containers and proper handling Grades
and | honeycombs should be stored in clean, dry, air-tight containers to avoid absorption of moisture and unpleasant odours, or invasion by ants. Uncoated metallic drums or wet containers should not
Proper honeycomb grading When using local-style hives, producers cannot, once removed, return unripe honeycombs into the hives, so honeycombs must be graded immediately after harvest. This means that ripe, sealed honey in white,
|
be used for storing these honeycombs because they easily rust or increase in moisture content. Strong smelling soaps must not be used
honey.
for washing honey containers.
t+
JACOB MOGGA
|
ii
50-75% sealed honey with yellow or brown combs are put
honey and beeswax, and this will help towards alleviating their dire poverty. We are training producers on the following:
uallow or brown combs is placed in one container as Grade
Jacol +
lakes place
Never boil combs Honey should be extracted only by draining through perforated containers or galvanized wire mesh. It must at all times be properly covered with a clean sheet or cloth to avoid bee foragers coming to
BEL ah
DEVELOPMENT
collect the honey.
A beekveper
slis near his local-siyle hives The hive on the left is made from
split bamboo.
Filtering honey through 2 sieve
Bees/o; Development Journal 89
PROJECT NEWS
HONEY A PRODUCT OF VALUE IN SOUTHERN SUDAN
combs, and they explained how they tried not to disturb the queen when harvesting. When beekeepers report yields of honey harvested, they tend to combine the volumes they harvest from beekeeping and honey hunting. Table 2 shows the range over three years of average honey yields and the contribution of honey sales to overall income earned. Table 2. Average honey yields and contribution to total income Community
Janet Lowore and Nicola Bradbear, Bees for Development KEYWORDS: Africa, bee products, beekeeping, development, honey hunting, honey trade
Range over three years of annual average
After years of conflict Southern Sudan is enjoying a fragile peace, and reconstruction and development are underway. Decades of civil war have caused agriculture to collapse and there is no industry. Food,
building materials and fuel are imported from Kenya and Uganda. Hundreds of trucks a day roll through the border posts of Nimule, Koboko and Lokichoggio loaded with goods including potatoes, beer, sugar, building materials, fuel, spare parts, fruit and grass mats. On their way back the truck drivers are keen to buy anything local to offset the costs of the return journey, but there is little to buy. However, one local product stands out as being available in Southern Sudan and
-
in good demand in Kenya and Uganda
honey.
Bees for Development has been working with Dr Jacob Mogga to survey four counties in Southern Sudan. Our aim is to understand the importance of honey selling for the rural communities and to analyse the potential for developing a successful honey industry in the region. The survey revealed the importance of honey within the communities. Owning many hives is considered prestigious, and reflects the fact that honey is highly valued for its social, cultural and economic benefits.
Honey is used for marriage ceremonies, as gifts, for medicine and as payment for labour and in exchange for goods. The nutritional benefits of honey are appreciated and beekeepers reported that their families consume 10-25% of all honey harvested. Since the advent of the cash
economy, honey is increasingly valued as a cash commodity and sold to traders and lorry drivers who know there is a large demand for honey beyond the immediate area. During the survey Dr Mogga visited four communities in four counties. In three of them, honey was considered the most important source of
cash, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Source of income prioritised by beekeepers in four bomas in Southern Sudan Community
Source of Income In of
Bogori boma Mvolo
Karika boma
| Mundi
|
Tore boma
Wonduruba
Yei County
boma
Juba
order importance
County
West County
1
Honey
Honey
Honey
2
Sorghum
Maize
Cassava/goats | Cassava
3
Sesame
Cassava
Groundnuts
Coffee
County Groundnuts
groundnuts 4
Cassava
Goats
Sesame
Bamboo
5
Wild meat
Oranges
Sorghum
Goats
In many societies beekeeping is seen as a sideline activity and it is not always the case that beekeepers rank honey as their main income source. This result is therefore significant.
Honey hunting is still common, but beekeeping is more important. In all the areas visited, beekeepers described leaving brood and unripe honey
Bogori boma
Karika boma | Tore boma Yei County Mundri
boma
Mvolo County
West
Juba
County
Wonduruba
County
308-364
280-300
196-246
154-168
50
50-75
30-85
-
honey yields (kg)
Honey income as % of total cash income
(range given by
respondents)
These results show that honey is valued as a source of income and that beekeeping is an important farm activity. One purpose of the study was to understand the potential for beekeeping as the basis for a successful industry. Therefore Dr Mogc and the Bees for Development team considered the honey industry aisu from a commercial perspective. Local people appreciated that honey was a commodity with significant potential, citing the clear demand for
Sudanese honey outside the local area. Lorry drivers from Kenya and Uganda are always quick to buy, and traders recognise the demand for honey also in Northern Sudan. Transport costs are very high in the area because the war has devastated the road network, but honey is considered more cost effective to transport than many other agricultural crops such as maize and sorghum, because of its high value per volume. It is non-perishable and needs little further processing, thus increasing its marketability. There are great challenges: no organised marketing channels exist and this means that during the honey harvest season traders will bargain hard to pay low prices. This is a cause of frustration for beekeepers. The
lack of adequate storage containers is a constraint for trade. A beekeeper who has filled all available jerry cans cannot harvest more until the honey is sold. Traders have the same limitations. Building a higher value industry will require selling into markets with different quality expectations, and current harvesting and handling methods ai not consistent with these markets. plans to work further with Dr Mogga to address some of these problems. Our focus will be to help beekeepers overcome constraints associated with storage and bulking, as well as training beekeepers on BfD
improved harvesting and handling processes. As development planners create a vision for a streamlined, commercial honey industry, it is important not to lose sight of the current benefits of beekeeping. The rural communities have valued honey for its economic benefits long before supermarkets were invented. Bees have played a big role in
preventing these war torn communities from even greater depths of Suffering, by providing food and a tradable commodity. The beekeepers from Bogori explained that a tribal fight in 2006 resulted in the loss of their cattle. Against this loss, the resilience of beekeeping emerged remains and continues to give benefits, much appreciated by the communities of Southern Sudan.
—
it
®
Trust acknowledges Big Lottery Fund support for this work in 2008. We are seeking funds to continue: please contact us if you can help. BFD
LOTTERY FUNDED
APITRADE AFRICA
Bees/or Development Journal 89
UGANDA PRESIDENT LAUNCHES AFRICAN HONEY TRADE NETWORK UEPB
Bosco Okello, Uganda Export Promotion Board, Kampala, Uganda PHOTO «
KEYWORDS: Africa, ApiTrade Africa, bee products, beekeeping, co-operative, fair trade, honey bee ApiTrade Africa was launched officially by His Excellency, President Kaguta Yoweri Museveni in Kampala on 24 October 2008. This was during the 1st ApiExpo Africa, taking place in Hotel Africana. At this event, 30 companies and producer co-operatives exhibited,
250 delegates participated, and over 400 visitors from Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, UK and Zambia came to make business contacts or buy products.. ApiExpo Africa 2008 was organised by ApiTrade Africa with two objectives: 1. To showcase
Africa’s apiculture industry by creating awareness of
market and investment opportunities, and to demonstrate the relationships between beekeeping and other industries. ~
“0 provide a platform to launch Apilrade Africa.
The need for a regional ApiExpo Market access discussions within the ApiTrade Africa network brought out the need for increased profiling of African bee products and service providers. Our focus is shifting slowly from attempting to compete
within the export markets in Europe and other developed markets, that are often restrictive, to satisfying the domestic and regional markets. These markets remain undersupplied despite increased demand from processors, and growing consumer awareness. During Apimondia 2007,
became clear that a similar event in Africa, focusing on regional trade, would be not only beneficial in creating knowledge and disseminating information amongst stakeholders. it
Expected benefits ApiExpo Africa brought together African stakeholders to share knowledge on market access, service provision and best practices. Service providers showcased their services, the private sector displayed its products, R&D organisations and Government institutions discussed,
| Ugit! presets the Award for Best Exhibitor at ApiExpo Beza Mar Industries pic of Ethiopia
President
Africa to
Voser nt
and producer organisations gained knowledge of market requirements. Market information was shared, and linkages were created between
producers, the private sector and service providers.
Wide publicity for the event contributed to raising the profile of bee products in the region. This is made evident by the increased contacts people are making with ApiTrade Africa. Immediately after the ApiExpo, the number of enquiries rose sharply. For example, an organisation in Germany called the Secretariat to make contact with producer organisations that could supply fair trade certified honeys. A buyer in Burundi emailed the Secretariat to get in touch with an export-ready company to supply honey to a US buyer. A trader in Canada contacted the Secretariat concerning the distribution of equipment to Africa.
Key recommendations Following ApiExpo Africa 2008, recommendations point towards strengthening the ApiTrade Africa Secretariat to promote marketing of bee products, investment related initiatives and knowledge sharing in the African honey industry. Partner organisations behind these initiatives include Bees for Development; National Agricultural Advisory Services, Uganda; SNV-Netherlands Development Organisation; and Uganda Export Promotion Board. Further reading
Proceedings of the 1st and 2nd Bees for Development African Honey Trade Workshops.
See www.beesfordevelopment.org/info
. President Mus@vent sii inca Satoh Daya OE Mae u Aptitade Africa. Also in the picture are Uganda's Minister of State for Trade. the Honourable Wambuzi Gaggawala (second left), and Mr Bosco Okello, Secretary of ApiTrade Africa (first right) ~
ApiTrade Africa is a non-profit making, member-based company with a Secretariat in Kampala. The formation of ApiTrade Africa first began in 2005 when, following Bees for Development's African Honey Trade Workshop, the Apimondia Standing Commission Beekeeping for Rural Development passed two Resolutions in favour of creating a
platform for promoting African bee products on the world market.
Bees/o, Development Journal 89
CARIBBEAN BEEKEEPING CONGRESS
PHOTOS
< BEES
FOR DEVELOPMENT
Aubrey Roberts, Kingdom Apiary Products & Supplies, Guyana
‘y Swell
From
eit
Vo:
det
atid Mr MK
|
i
Hallim, Secretary, of
the Association of Caribbean Beekeepers Organisations
KEYWORDS: Africanised honey bee, Guyana
Ms Ramona Rajkumar with a display of Guyana’s bee products
apiaries were visited. Each apiary was home to
The Sth Caribbean Beekeeping Congress was hosted in Guyana during 10-14 November by Guyana’s Ministry of Agriculture, the Guyana
Alricanised honey bees,
Beekeeper’s Association (GBA) and the Association of Caribbean Beekeeping Organisations (ACBO). Participants were treated to a Grand Opening at the Guyana Convention Centre by Guyana’s Honourable Prime Minister Samuel Hinds. The Honourable Minister for Agriculture, Robert Persaud, eloquently articulated the importance of beekeeping within Guyana’s current campaign to Grow More Food.
forage at each of the sites was excellent, and many delegates concluded that
The Congress attracted beekeepers, researchers, scientists, entrepreneurs, students and local media. During the field visits, three
present in Guyana for the last 30 years. The bee
Guyana has significant potential for organic beekeeping. A Congress
Resolution is to develop a standard for organic honey in the Caribbean, to guide the industry and facilitate trade outside the region.
Professor David de Jong addresses the Congress on the management of Africanised honey bees
The Government of Guyana; The Chairman of the Congress Organising Committee, Mr Michael Welch; Mr Linden Stewart, apiculturist (and the person who convinced Guyana to host the Congress); the planning committee including the GBA and ACBO, along with the various presenters and beekeepers all deserve congratulations for a highly successful and informative Congress. The 6th Caribbean Beekeeping Congress will take place in Grenada,
8-13 November 2010
WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT BEEKEEPING
Getting close to Alricatuse
J honey bees during the field trip
IN
THE CARIBBEAN?
A few places are left on the BfD Safari to Trinidad & Tobago, February 2009 details on cur website.
Bees/or Development Journal 89
PHOTOS
«+
BEES FOR DEVELOPMENT
SLOW FOOD TERRA MADRE Slow Food is an international non-profit organisation that was founded in 1989 to counteract fast food and fast life, and the disappearance of local food traditions. Slow Food seeks to address the situation whereby people are losing connection with production of the food they eat, where it comes from, and how their food choices affect the rest of the world. Terra Madre (Mother Earth) is Slow Food’s project to build an international network of food producers, representatives of local communities, cooks, academics and young people, towards
establishing a system of good, clean and fair trade food production that is respectful of the earth. It has projects around the world that defend local food traditions, protect biodiversity and promote small-scale, quality products. This is necessary because in the last century 300,000 varieties of vegetables became extinct: America lost 93% of its food
wrought 7.580 people tram mare than 200 countries The arger. Slow Food Festival brought many more thousanas to Turin. Italy. to associated celebrate Slow Food Terta
Mare
|
product diversity, while 75% was lost in Europe.
What happens at the event? Ictober, the third meeting of producers from 1,600 food communities, took place in Turin, Italy, for five days of discussion, exchange and collaboration: altogether about 7,500 people. There were workshops, lectures from experts such as Carlo Petrini and Vandana
dic relly di (Pant
Shiva, demonstrations, music, dance, meetings, tastings, and marketing. The aim is to develop an exchange of experience and skills such that the values of Terra Madre stimulate a significant public response.
Beekeepers from many regions participated in the event. Beekeeping is following the other agricultural sectors: as it becomes globalised and we lose bee diversity. Two workshops concerning honey and bees were packed with people keen to learn more about the crisis facing the bee sector. Terra Madre’s aim to support small-scale, sustainable and local food production accords with Bees for Development's work to support and
encourage beekeepers using indigenous bees and sustainable methods. We thank Slow Food - Terra Madre for enabling our participation in the 2008 event and will bring more information about the beekeeper groups in future editions of 1d
out more at
BfDJ.
0
uispidy af Tera Madre Tus Beautifully presented honey Limonium vulgare sea /avender from hives Aept on Hainan ct
ht
~—www.terramadre.org
www.slowfood.com
Save fhe bees save Terra Madre
iNe World a
Bucket Mec lly
fu
Uisetlse
US Sue al
Honeys from around the world were tasted and considered at the honey bar
AAA
9th ASIAN APICULTURAL ASSOCIATION
CONFERENCE, 1-4 NOVEMBER 2008 HANGZHOU, CHINA KEYWORDS: AAA, Asia, bee products
AAA’s ninth Conference took place
in Hangzhou, a city of 6.5 million people situated within the Yangtze River Delta and 180 km from Shanghai. Hangzhou is the capital of Zhejiang Province, well known for its beautiful scenery, and Conference participants took the opportunity to visit the famous West Lake, surrounded on three sides by mountains.
This ninth Conference, the largest to date with more than 1,000 participants, included Keynote lectures on Asian honey bees from Professor Siriwat Wongsiri and Professor Nikolaus Koeniger, and many papers on bee biology, products and apitherapy, technology, pathology and pollination. The Conference hosted also the Second World Propolis Science Forum, and a special session, Beekeeping management for
food safety in hive products, hosted by the Japan Royal Jelly Fair Trade Council. This important session was concerned with implementation of Good Agricultural Practice,
ensuring that bee products do not contain residues of
drugs used to control honey bee pests and diseases. The surrounding Zhejiang Province is a major area for
beekeeping, with more than 1.1 million colonies, and an apiculture industry valued at 1 billion RMB (US$146 m;
€116
m; UK98 m). This makes apiculture one of the leading industries in the
Province, exporting bee products to Australia, Europe, Japan, south east
Bee Hrivint
Ae
die ba!
Asia and USA. The final day consisted of field visits, when Conference participants were able to see Apis mellifera and
ove These glisc Words distin fur pisiters i
2 a = a S S a > a a EB
Apis cerana beekeeping, and visit some of the large bee product
co
2
oS
n oo
processing factories.
oo
ca
At the Conference Closing Ceremony it was confirmed that South Korea were successful in their bid to host the next AAA Conference in 2010.
AAA was established
in 1992 to encourage friendly exchange of information between beekeepers and bee scientistsin Asia. The Conferenceis held every
two years.
AAA MEMBERSHIP
S 2 S= 2p
a
sl(Nee t> %
oe
Wy emo 4
Annual rates: Individual US$20 Institutional US$100
Sustaining US$300
Join AAA by contacting your Local Representative (details
BfD website)
or e-mail
on the
HSRC @agr.tamagawa.ac.jp
BfD Journal is proud to be the official Newsletter of AAA Ms Hitomi Enomoto, AAA Co-ordinator, juitio
diets
iD vieventy
ueiaied exhibits
Bees/or Development Journal 89
VARROA PROBLEMS KEYWORDS: Africa, Apis mellifera, Apis mellifera litorea, Apis melfifera scutellata, Hawaii, honey bee, mite, Papua New Guinea, pollination, research, training, Varroa destructor, Varroa jacobsoni, Zimbabwe
We would like to set up a research project looking at Varroa numbers in pure Apis mellifera scutellata colonies and Apis mellifera scutellata/
Varroa destructor in Papua New Guinea?
Apis mellifera litorea hybrid colonies. suspect the hybrids are more Varroa-tolerant than the pure Apis mellifera scutellata - probably partly due to cell size and length of life cycle. We have both these types of bees here, but as yet have not found pure Apis mellifera fitorea in |
Dr Denis Anderson, the world expert on Varroa mites from CSIRO Australia, visited us in late May 2008. He went through some of our Apis mellifera colonies and saw that mites were present and breeding.
We have had Varroa jacobsoni for 8-10 years. Thinking that it was Varroa destructor, he took some samples for identification. After DNA analysis we were told that it is not Varroa destructor. However what is really worrying us is that these mites are breeding in both the worker and drone cells. Varroa jacobsoni do not breed in Apis mellifera colonies.
We are unsure at this stage whether it is a new species of Varroa, or Varroa jacobsoni that has adapted well and changed its breeding habit.
This has given us an opportunity to approach our National Government and our donor friends: Australia have responded favourably. We have put into place a Provincial Task Force team who will monitor the Situation and report to the National Task Force. keeping in Papua New Guinea has been fortunate not to have some exotic honey bee diseases common in other countries, such as American foulbrood. Chemicals have never been used in our hives and ..
100 bees recorded. Only two Varroa control methods are employed removal of all drone brood and floor board removal. This research was funded by the New Zealand High Commission in Zimbabwe until they left about two years ago. No other funding is available. However, research will continue for as long as possible.
.1@
we have maintained our status as organic honey producers.
Zimbabwe. EMF
Schmolke, Honorary Bee Research Officer
Varroa spreads to Hilo Island, Hawaii Manoa beekeeper Michael Kliks first identified Varroa in April 2007. During the last 17 months the mites spread between islands: from Ewa to Mililani to Waimanalo. The Department of Agriculture has discovered Varroa mites in a bee swarm trapped near Hilo harbour. “Now Varroa is on the Big island, it is a disaster for agriculture”, says Michael Kliks.
“When the infestation was discovered on Oahu we implemented an inter-island quarantine to prevent transfer of live bees, dead bees and used bee equipment between islands”, says Lyle Wong, Department of Agriculture. We have been trying our darndest not to let the bees move”.
Kliks calls it a state emergency: “There is going to be huge economic impact. Coqui frog is bad, nettle caterpillar is bad, but nothing compares to what Varroa will do to our food supply, including avocados, guava, pumpkins, and zucchini. If we lose pollination by a
With the current mite threat, we fear that this status will be affected. we are to resort to the use of chemicals we would do so as a last
If
option. would !ike, on behalf of more than 1,000 beekeepers to ask our friends through BfDJ around the beekeeping world who are experienced with Varroa destructor. |
How do you contro! the mites without using chemicals?
What IPM practices do you use? Is there anybody who would like to share experiences with
us?
Can someone assist us with training?
bees, agriculture will suffer, we will have low grade crops and farmers will give up”. Over the last year, bee colonies on Oahu have dropped from 1,500 to 300 and Kliks fears the same will happen on the Big Island. "It is very easy to criticise the Department, that we did not do enough, but am not sure what more we could have done”, says Wong. Agriculture |
Tella Loie, Provincial Beekeeping Officer
quarantine teams plan to destroy all feral bee colonies within an 8 km radius of Hilo bay. The State says the Varroa mite is a serious problem but does not warrant an emergency declaration by the Governor.
Varroa research in Zimbabwe
Source: Brianne Randle, www.khon2.com/news
We have not held an event due to economic meltdown in Zimbabwe and “h--tages of fuel, money and food. However, Varroa research continues
Articles on how to contro! Varroa are available online at
its start in November 2004 with 250 colonies being monitored,
www.beesfordevelopment/info
12 randomly selected colonies sampled weekly, approximately 600 bees from the brood area of each colony collected, and Varroa per
European vote to take sting out of falling bee numbers Members of the European Parliament (MEPs } voted on 20 November overwhelmingly in favour of providing ‘recovery zones’ in European farmland to help rebuild the region’s declining bee population. The resolution, which was passed by 485 votes to 13, follows fears that European food production could be threatened if there were fewer bees
MEPs hope their directive — set up under the Common Agricultural — Policy will spur the EU executive to help to set up patches of farmland planted with pollen and nectar-rich plants to act as ‘recovery zones’ for ailing insects. It would also fund research into the parasites and diseases which are harming bee populations, provide financial aid
to pollinate crops of fruit and vegetables. So far this year, German bee populations have dropped by a quarter and British beekeepers are
to apiaries with infected colonies, and combat ineffective pollination by banning pesticide treatment while crops are in flower.
expected to lose up to 10% of their colonies this winter.
Struan Stevenson, the Scottish Conservative MEP said: "We must invest more into bee research to establish the exact causes of the
The population has been endangered by long distance transportation of bees between countries as well as increased use of pesticides, which can weaken the insects’ immune systems. The development of
shrinking bee population so that we can urgently put measures in place to combat the decline.”
Genetically-modified crops and the spread of fungal infections and many viruses also contributed to the decline.
Helen Warrell, Financial Times, www.ftcom
Bees/or Development Journal 89
NEWS AROUND THE WORLD ARGENTINA Argentina will promote sustainable development in Norte Grande region by making select industry clusters more
competitive with support from a 25 year, US$16 million loan from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). The Region’s main activities are the production of sugar, grains, olives, metallic minerals, tea, oleaginous crops, wood, paper, fruits, honey and wines.
Source: www.iadb.org/news
BULGARIA The Bulgarian Bee Union informs us that Bulgaria produces 8,000-11,000 tonnes of honey each year. The annual consumption of honey per person is 0.4-0.5 kg (average
consumption for Europe is 1.5-2.0 kg per year). Between 5,000-8,000 tonnes are sold
European honey trade. The major trade partner for Bulgaria is Germany, followed by France, Italy and Spain. The Union aims to
popularise honey consumption in Bulgaria because it is proven that the price on the
local, Bulgarian market is better than the export price.
within Bulgaria and 3,000-6,000 tonnes are
Agency Focus
exported. Every year in Europe 140,000150,000 tonnes of honey are traded and
www. international.ibox.bg/news
therefore Bulgaria accounts for only 1% of the
CAMEROON BERUDEP Training Farmers working with the Belo Rural Development Project (BERUDEP) have been benefitting from reading BfD Journal and books in their three branch offices in Boyo Division. They have received also a Resource Box sponsored by BFD Trust to hetp with their training work (picture
right). The Living Earth Foundation, Cameroon and an Italian NGO, AQA, recently sponsored BERUDEP’s training activities in two provinces ot
Cameroon. The practical course showed people how to make a top-bar hive, manage their apiary and how to harvest honey and wax. One of the
participants said her interest in becoming a bee farmer started because her child had recently been treated successfully with honey.
Ngwainmbi Simon Chia, BERUDEP Director
Forest resources The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Jengi Southeast Forest Programme recommends that Baka pygmies be given more access to forest resources and space within national parks. Baka pygmies make up 40% of the population living around the three national parks:
Boumba Bek, Nki and Lobeke, in south-east Cameroon. They are hunters, gatherers and semi-nomadic in their lifestyle. The results of the study will provide a basis for the negotiation of access rights for Bakas within protected areas.
Baka Pygmies hunt, live and have their sacred sites inside the forest. This dependence on the forest makes them crucial to conservation efforts and prompted this recommendation. They harvest honey, mangos, wild yams, medicinal plants and many other non-timber forest
products (NTFPs). Honey is used during two important traditional dances called Mboma, performed during funerals, and Moomo, performed to chase away evil spirits.
Feld piactival i)
att dpiaty al
Majotdaase.a
cle Ty
fartiers
vu
fo
uspect a
bee colony
any limit in their quest for forest resources and performance of their traditional rituals. They carry out activities both in and around the parks.
For John Nelson of Forest Peoples Programme there is a big difference compared with when he first arrived in 2001. "We are feeling very optimistic and we are going to be increasingly collaborating with WWF
They see both as continuity and disregard the boundaries erected by the minds of men. "It is important to give them unfettered access to harvest NTFPs, (especially medicinal plants) and to visit sacred sites’,
and its partners to work on a common agenda to secure indigenous peoples rights”, he said. "People should remember that when they ialk
about wildernesses in Africa, a lot of these places are actually
recommends the study.
populated by people”.
According to Dr Louis Defo, WWF advisor, the studies will provide necessary information for the integration of these indigenous forest people in natural resource management. “Given WWE's philosophy of participatory management, it is fundamental to address the needs of local communities in order to win their support for conservation work”,
But Podo Mois, a Baka from Massia, still in Boumba-Bek North cid not enthuse. "The forest is our home. We have our honey, wild yams and
A WWF research team concluded that Baka pygmies do not recognise
mangos to harvest. Once we are in the forest we feel very good, so there is no need to move out”.
Source: Peque Manga, www.postnewsline.com
he said.
10
NEWS AROUND THE WORLD
INDIA Vanishing bees bring down crop yields five
During
the last dramatic fall Kutcyears mere ras been in is ‘h "elds 0 ts but also honey collection, exotic and * Non 5 he s
frf
‘i
ag MI
rae
‘
the po honey bee megenous Ina ion colonies, vita or e process, have diminished in this semi-arid ;
;
region of Gujarat State,
A study conducted by the Central Beekeeping Research & Training Institute (CBRTI), found that air pollution and rampant felling of a wild thorny bush Prosopsis juliflora, known locally
as gando bawal (mad weed) - has caused the disappearance of haney bees from many areas of Kutch District.
“The number of little honey bee colonies in one square kilometre has fallen to 20-25 from the earlier 60-70 colonies in and around the
Banni grasslands. The first effect has been
much as 50% in some areas”, Soman said.
comment ore oe
the felling
ees
Or
2004, the Gujarat Government permitted of Prosopsis juliffora (which to the sive ofa for gual charcoal. This has provided making In
300
tonnes of wild noney annually. This yield fell to just 50 tonnes this year”, said S Soman A
who has been researching the bees for the last 10 years. The wild honey collected by the
Koli community used to be sold to the Gujarat State Forest Development Corporation. “A kilogram of honey fetches about INR150
(€2.3; US$3.5) but during the previous two years we have not been able to catlect a single drop of honey from Kutch”, said an official.
“Air pollution caused by smoke emission during the charcoal making process from Prosopsis juliflora has not just reduced the yield of wild honey but has also affected the
a
ros
employment for 30,000 people. However, last month the state government banned further felling on ecological grounds. The worst affected area the 2,500 km2 Banni of
is
Region grasslands where the Prosopsis juliflora has been wiped out.
Source: Avinash Nair& Himanshu Darji, TNN , www ‘ economictimes indiatimes. com
NIGERIA
fe e
8
ot
;
production of crops including date palms, lemons, papayas and Kesar mangos by as
&
g
RAQ
:
a iS well known that poverty occurs more in villages and rural places than in cities because of the lack of jobs, and also in areas that are facing unstable political conditions such as Atghanistan, the Balkans, Iraq, Somalia and other African countries.
The most sustainable way for income generation is agriculture, where poor people can use local resources for cultivating crops and keeping animals. Beekeeping is one of the most effective micro-enterprise projects, providing a steady income with sustainable use of local reSOUrces.
Many international NGOs have tried to help people in Iraq to alleviate poverty using beekeeping. Over the last two years the Bee Research Unit of the National Center for Agricultural Research and Extension (NCARE) Jordan, has been training 51 beekeepers and Staff of the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture.
Most recently a training course was conducted in co-operation with FAO and UNIDO, and took place in July in Amman and Irbid. From the survey of the status of the beekeeping sector in Iraq, and from the needs assessments of the trainees, we believe that the Iraqi beekeeping
sector requires much support and capacity building, particularly in queen rearing, selection and breeding, and identification of honey bee diseases and viruses.
Dr Nizar Haddad, Director, Bee Research Unit, NCARE, Jordan
_
Mr Bee
eee
Chitisluan 4kpoke in his suntlower and
coconut plantation. The suntiowers are planted Solely for the honey bees
Do your bees make propolis? We would like to test it and possibly buy it from you... A major research project has been started by BeeVital and we would like your help. If you are interested in finding out whether your propolis is suitable for medicinal use and learning about sustainable ways of
harvesting & using propolis please send a sample (50g) to:
BeeVital, Brereton Lodge, Goathland, Whitby, North Yorkshire Y022 5JR, UK Tel: Fax:
+44 (0)1947 896037 +44 (0)1947 896482
Email: info@beevitalpropolis.com
www.beevitalpropolis.com
Dr Nizar Haddad (centre) explains to course participants how to identify Acarapis wood
11
2
Bees/or Development Journal 89
LOOK AHEAD
change, pollinators, pollination & beekeeping 30 January - 1 February 2009, Copenhagen Further details www.biavl.dk
ARGENTINA
FRANCE
APIMONDIA 42nd Intemational Apicultural Congress Takes place in 2011, Buenos Aires Dates and details will appear here
APIMONDIA 41st International Apicultural Congress 15-20 September 2009, Montpellier Further details www.apimondia2009.com
BRAZIL
GRENADA
Congresso Brasileiro: XVIII Apicultura & IV Meliponicultura 2010, Cuiaba Further details will appear here
6th Caribbean Beekeeping Congress 8-13 November 2010
10th Congreso Iberolatinamericano de
Bees, Biodiversity and Livelihoods Conference 27-29 March 2009, Conoor, The Niigiris Further details www.beesfordevelopment.org
BULGARIA International Specialized Exhibition
INDIA
13-15 February 2009, Pleven Further details www.pattners-expo.com
CUBA 3rd Congreso Cubano de Apicultura 9-13 March 2009, Ciudad de la Habana
Further details congreso2009@eeapi.cu
26-27 March 2009, Chipping Campden Further details www.campden.co.uk British Beekeepers’ Association Annual Convention
18 April 2009, near Warwick Further details www.bbka.org.uk
February 2009, Kigali Further details www.apitradeatrica.org
BfD ONE DAY TRAINING
SAUDI ARABIA 6th International Arab Apicuiture Conference 17-19 March 2009, Riyadh
Further deiails www.saudibi.com
Development, address on page 16
LEARN AHEAD
RWANDA
Contracting
- the sweet
on our website send details to Bees for
2nd ApiTrade Africa AGM
-
International Conference: Honey stuff becoming a sour issue
lf you want notice of your conference, workshop or meeting to be included here and
Further details will appear here
Apicultura 2010, Rio Grande do Norte Further details will appear here
UK
Strengthening livelihoods by means of beekeeping An introduction 19 June 2009, Monmouth
Further details on our website
SOUTH KOREA 70th AAA Conference
DENMARK
2010
Danish Beekeeping Conference: climate
Further details will appear here
Bees for Development can arrange tailor-made beekeeping study tours and visits. Contact us for details.
NOTICE BOARD CONGRATULATIONS It is excellent that two organisations concerned with bees and beekeepers made it through to join 10 other finalists in the BBC Newsweek 2008 World Challenge. This widely publicised competition brought much attention to the value of apiculture: great congratulations to Keystone Foundation {ndia, and Hashoo Foundation Pakistan.
PROJECT FUNDING FAO, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, supports beekeeping projects in developing countries. Beekeepers’ groups and associations may apply for small project funding of up to US$10,000 from the TeleFood Special Fund. Request documents should include a brief description of the project's objectives, the proposed food production or income-generating activities, the work plan, the number of participants, a detailed list of inputs with cost estimates and the reporting arrangements. Submit your request to the office of FAO or UNDP in your country. See www.fao.org and inform BfD of the outcome of your application.
YOUTH FUND An innovative partnership between the Inter-American Development Bank and Microsoft's Unlimited Potential Community Technology Skills, the Youth Fund was established to respond to the needs of young people in the Latin American and Caribbean region and to promote their participation in the development process. See www.fandodejuventud.org/youth2
RESEARCH FUNDING IFS calls for applications for research grants from young scientists
in
developing countries See www.ifs.se
APIACTA For the beekeeper and bee scientist Apiacta the Apimondia Journal. Available online from www.apimondia.org
BEE CRAFT A full colour monthly magazine for beginners and experts covering all aspects of beekeeping in the UK and Ireland. Credit cards accepted. For free sample copy and overseas rates contact secretary@bee-craft.com
22
for 12 issues (one year).
ULUDAG BEE JOURNAL News, practical information and research articles - a link between Turkish beekeeping and the world. Published quarterly in Turkish with English summaries. See www.uludagaricilik.org IT PAYS TO ADVERTISE
BfD Joumal offers
a great opportunity to reach thousands of readers. Prices start from 35
12
(€53, US$70), several size options available.
Bees/or Development Journal 89
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Bees/ov Development Journal 89
BfD NOW AT WWW.BEESFORDEVELOPMENT.ORG
BEE GENETICS AND BREEDING
a
* z
a* Edicad by Thomas
AVAILABLE FROM
E
Rinderer
edited by Thomas Rinderer 2008 reprint (first published 1986) 426 pages 28
(€39) Code R900
A thorough review and introduction to the science of bee genetics and breeding. Part discusses bee genetics with world authorities providing overviews of knowledge of bee evolution, classification and the genetics involved. Part Il covers practical aspects of bee breeding and provides detailed information on selection, mating |
designs, the storage of genetic material, instrumental insemination and what bee breeding can achieve. This part of the book will be of value to those who are practically involved in queen rearing and honey bee selection programmes. A text for those with serious interest in bee breeding and genetics.
ECOLOGY OF INSECTS Martin R Speight, Mark D Hunter and Allan D Watt 2008 2nd edition 628 pages 39.99
(€60) Code $775
g
This second edition provides a thorough approach to pure and applied insect ecology. Following an overview, a treatment of all the important themes is presented: insects and climate; insect herbivores; resource limitations; natural enemies and insect population dynamics; evolutionary ecology; physiological ecology; insects in ecosystems; biodiversity; insect conservation; insects and disease and insect pest management. An excellent textbook for students and professionals.
i
KEEPING BEES - A COMPLETE PRACTICAL GUIDE
wt OD:
er}
'S]
Paul Peacock 2008 144 pages 10.99
(€15) Code P400
A guide to beekeeping as practised in the UK, very concisely introducing all that having and caring for bees entails. A useful introduction for a would-be beekeeper in western Europe. Beautifully printed with many excellent pictures.
HONEY BEES
A PRACTICAL MANUAL OF BEEKEEPING
A GUIDE TO MANAGEMENT
David Cramp 2008 304 pages 14.99
(€22.50) Code C750
A guide to beekeeping, this one suitable for anyone keeping European races of Apis mellifera in frame hives. The author has experience of beekeeping in New Zealand, Spain and the UK, and in this text seeks to share ail his knowledge with the reader. Compared with Peacock’s text (reviewed above)
acta
te ‘I
this book contains a much greater depth of information. However there are relatively few illustrations and it is more appropriate for the practising beekeeper who needs to know more.
RON BROWN
HONEY BEES - A GUIDE TO MANAGEMENT Ron Brown 2008 reprint 128 pages 9.99
BEE-SIEGED
A reprint of Ron ‘beeswax’ Brown's book first published in 1988, and revised in 1998 after Varroa had become established in the UK. Still a very readable and useful guide, that provides enough information for the beginner, along with plenty of expert tips from this seasoned beekeeper.
BEE-SIEGED - BEES Ray Jones 2008 103 pages 7.99
BEES IN WARFARE RAY JONES
(€15) Code B910
IN
WARFARE
(€12) Code J500
It is often stated that bees have been used in warfare, and in this book Ray Jones has endeavoured to document some of the many odd ways in which bees have been exploited. For example: in 400 BC the Greek historian Xenophan related that 10,000 mercenaries were forced to retreat after eating unripe honeycomb produced from Rhododendron ponticum and Azalea pontica nectar, containing toxins that caused them to suffer vomiting and diarrhoea and made them unable to stand. Other bee products are discussed in chapters that include Beeswax, magical, malicious and medicinal, and Pollen bee food or chemical agent? A useful source of many obscure and
unusual anecdotes about bees and their products.
14
Bees/or Development Journal 89
INSIDE INFORMATION
Swienty
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Bees/or Development Journal 89
WELCOME TO APIMONDIA 2009
19-20 SEPTEMBER MONTPELLIER, FRANCE We welcome all participants from the world of bees to discuss the challenges of apiculture at international level.
Beekeepers, technicians, scientists, suppliers and the media will take part in this Congress, providing a unique opportunity to share knowledge and ideas. We are preparing a high-quality scientific programme focussed on the work of international researchers, and also activity areas and demonstrations in the heart of the ApiExpo exhibition.
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