Causes and solutions ...
Liceo “Marco Belli” di Portogruaro Anno scolastico 2012/2013
YOUNG STUDENTS IN EUROPE Partners: Istituto Marco Belli di Portogruaro (Italia) Instituto de Enseñanza Secudaria Xesús Taboada Chivite di Verín (Spagna) - VUC di Lyngby, Copenhagen (Danimarca)
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condition of a lack of work for a person at a working age (16 to 60 years old)
workers looking for employment who cannot find it immediately due to the falling of production of industries during the year
arises from the imbalance between the type of required work and the people looking for employment determined by a general lack of work, caused by a drop in demand for goods
The latest ISTAT data on unemployment in Italy: = increase of the
unemployment rate; unemployment (15-24 years old) very high
fell by 80 thousand units (about 0.4% less). The decrease concerns both male and female citizens.
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This context includes all the young people who do not have an occupation. The ESF (European Social Fund) is responsible for: young people who have not finished their education (drop-out) students of secondary school young people with qualifications, academics and graduates apprentices and people employed under contract job training
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2003 data: average unemployment rate in the European Union, in the age group between 15 and 24 years it was 18%.
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In Italy more than one in four young people are unemployed (26.8%)
great disparity between the sexes. In 2004, for example, 13.6 million working men against nearly 9 million women. less female workers in the industry, yet increase in the service sector, in high positions, but also in part-time and fixed-term jobs.
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The ESF finances interventions specifically targeting women and particularly those: who
are in possession of a diploma hardly expendable
who
want to enter in sectors where they are under-represented
who
want to reintegrate into the labor market after a period of prolonged absence
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It is one of the four Structural Funds of the European Union aimed at promoting the harmonious development of the community and a progressive reduction of disparities between the citizens and the regions of the Union.
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The ESF is the EU's financial instrument designed to support the European Employment Strategy to prevent and combat unemployment and to invest in human resources, promoting a high level of employment and social integration, equality between men and women and the economic and social cohesion.
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The main objective of the ESF is, therefore, the fight against unemployment: The ESF aims to train a workforce more competent and prepared to face the new challenges of the market and prevent long-term unemployment.
4 characteristics of unemployment (empirical data):
The unemployment rate is not uniform but varies greatly depending on age, race and level of experience of the group of individuals considered
In the labor market there is a significant turnover, i.e. the inflows and outflows are consistent with respect to the absolute number of employed and unemployed
The turnover is largely tied to the phases of the business cycle: in fact, layoffs increase during periods of recession, while the intakes increase during periods of expansion
The people who lose their jobs largely remain unemployed for only a short period.
Inflows
- voluntary resignation - redundancies - layoffs - entry into the world of work
Outflows
- recruitment - end redundant - end the job search (exit from the labor force)
: population aged 15 and over; : number of people who claim to be occupied; : unemployed are those who do not have a job and who: a) have actively sought work in the last four weeks b) are waiting to resume service after being temporarily suspended by reason of redundancy; : people of working age, but not belonging to the labor force (they are not considered unemployed). Among them include, for example, pensioners, housewives and so-called "discouraged workers", that is, individuals who have long since ceased to look for a job.
rate due to normal friction that characterizes the labor market and which can also be when it is in equilibrium Depends from
DURATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT
FREQUENCY OF UNEMPLOYMENT
consecutive time interval during which a person is out of work is defined as the average time in which each person remains unemployed. Considering the duration of unemployment you can tell if it is a normal condition in the short term or whether the long-term unemployment is a widespread problem
Factors affecting duration
- The organization of the labor market - the demographic composition of the workforce - the ability and willingness of the unemployed to continue to look for a better job (due to unemployment)
how many times on average, in a given period of time, workers remain unemployed
Factors that affect the frequency
- the variability of the demand for labor by the various companies operating within the economic system, the greater the variability of the demand for labor by the various companies, the higher the unemployment rate - the growth rate of the labor force: it is more rapid, the higher the natural rate of unemployment
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Loss of freedom and social exclusion