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REA Test Preps & Study Guides for Today’s High School Students – 2014

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Research & Education Association

REA has the test preps & study guides high school students need REA’s family of test preps and study guides is built around expert content, true-to-format practice tests, and a standard of quality that’s lasted for over 50 years. Many of our new titles come with integrated testing packages featuring online quizzes and practice tests with diagnostic feedback.

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PARCC Assessment

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

3

PARCC Assessment: ELA ELA Literacy, Common Core Aligned ............3

Page

TEST PREPS Advanced Placement ....................................4 All Access™ Crash Course® AP Test Preps with CD

NEW

College Admission ���������������������������������������8 ACT, PSAT & SAT

AP ALL ACCESS™

College Placement & GED® ��������������������������9 Accuplacer & Compass GED®

Page

4

ESL & ASVAB ���������������������������������������������10

STUDY GUIDES MAXnotes® Literature Study Guides �����������11 Quick Access® ��������������������������������������������12

TITLE INDEX ������������������������������������������14

ACT, PSAT, SAT

8

ORDER FORM �����������������������������������������15 Page At REA we’re committed to producing books in an Earth-friendly manner and to helping our customers make greener choices.

Look for the ✱ next to each green edition title throughout this catalog.

BIOLOGY CLASSIFICATION A. LEVELS OF TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATON – (largest to smallest) Domain, Kingdom, Phy-

12. Centriole, centrosome – animal cells – cell division 13. Cilia, flagella – locomotion and ingestion 14. Nucleolus – in nucleus – ribosome synthesis

lum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Kingdom Eubacteria

Domain Archaea

Kingdom Archaebacteria

A. ENZYME – protein catalyst speeds reaction

(single-celled)

(single-celled)

Kingdom Protista (multicellular and singled-cell)

Kingdom Fungi (some single-celled; most multicellular)

Kingdom Plantae (multicellular)

Planet Friendly Publishing ✔ Made in the USA ✔ Printed on recycled paper.

Learn more: www.greenedition.org

cludes phagocytosis of solid particles); a form of active transport

E. EXOCYTOSIS – cell discharges vacuole-

METABOLIC AND ENERGYPRODUCING PATHWAYS

Domain Bacteria

Domain Eukarya

D. ENDOCYTOSIS – cell encloses material (in-

enclosed material; a form of active transport

B. TREE OF LIFE

Kingdom Animalia

Plant Cell

(multicellular)

CELL BIOLOGY

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

A. CELL THEORY

1. All living things are made up of one or more cells.

2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function.

3. All cells come from existing cells.

Cytoplasm

Plasma Membrane

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus

Peroxisome Vacuole

Nucleolus Nuclear Envelope

Golgi Apparatus

Cell Wall

B. PROKARYOTIC CELL STRUCTURE

1. Plasma membrane – regulates what enters and leaves the cell 2. Flagellum – locomotion 3. Ribosomes – sites of protein production (RNA) – protein synthesis 4. Pili – used for attachment to other bacteria or to a host 5. Plasmid – small circle of DNA separate from main chromosome loop 6. Cell wall – protection and support Bacterial flagellum

Ribosomes

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

by lowering energy of activation 1. Substrate – molecule on which enzyme acts 2. Coenzyme – binds briefly to enzymes; activates and assists enzymes 3. ATP – adenosine triphosphate; energy stored in phosphate-phosphate bonds; energy released when bonds are hydrolyzed 4. NAD – nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; part of electron transport system B. PHOTOSYNTHESIS – chloroplasts – 6CO2 + 6H2O + (light, chlorophyll) → C6H12O6 + 6O2 C. CELLULAR RESPIRATION – generates ATP 1. Glycolysis – initial stage of respiration – cytoplasm – anaerobic – activation of glucose (by ATP), with production of pyruvate (net gain of 2 ATP) 2. Krebs (citric acid) cycle – second stage of respiration – mitochondria – aerobic – pyruvate broken down with production of CO2, 2 ATP, and many electron carriers 3. Electron (hydrogen) transport chain – third stage of respiration – mitochondria – aerobic – hydrogen and electrons stripped from carriers with production of 32 ATP

DNA

Plasmodesmata

A. NUCLEOTIDES – subunits of nucleic acids

D. LIMITATIONS ON CELL SIZE – As cell size increases, surface area-to-volume ratio increases.

If the ratio becomes too high, the cell surface is not large enough to carry out its function. It cannot allow materials into or out of the cell quickly enough to support necessary life processes.

1. Phosphate 2. Sugar (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA) 3. Nitrogenous base (four in DNA): Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) NH2

E. STRUCTURE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE

N

C

P

N O

CH2

C

H

N Nitrogenous base

O

O H Phosphate

Cell wall

H OH

Sugar (deoxyribose)

Cytoplasm

B. STRUCTURE OF DNA

Pili

C. EUKARYOTIC CELL STRUCTURE

1. Plasma membrane – regulation of internal environment 2. Mitochondria – membrane-enclosed – energy-producing reactions 3. Chloroplasts – plants – photosynthesis 4. Lysosomes – storage for digestive enzymes 5. Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (SER) – protein and lipid synthesis 6. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) – produces, modifies, and transports proteins – has ribosomes attached 7. Ribosomes – particles composed of ribonucleic acid (RNA) – protein synthesis 8. Golgi apparatus – stores, modifies, and packages secretory products 9. Peroxisomes – contain oxidative enzymes 10. Vacuoles – fluid-filled spaces – storage 11. Cell wall – plants – protection and support

H

H OH

Plasma membrane

2

N

C

O– –O

DNA

All Timed-Exam CD-Software is for Windows ONLY.

C C

H Ribosomes

Capsule

All prices in this catalog are in U.S. dollars.

Quick Access®

EXCHANGE BETWEEN CELL AND ENVIRONMENT A. DIFFUSION – movement of ions or molecules down a concentration gradient

B. OSMOSIS – movement of water molecules

across a membrane down a concentration gradient 1. Isotonic medium – same solute concentration as cell 2. Hypertonic medium – higher solute concentration than cell; cell loses H2O (shrinks) 3. Hypotonic medium – lower solute concentration than cell; cell gains H2O (expands) C. ACTIVE TRANSPORT – movement against a concentration gradient; requires energy input from cell

1. Sugar-phosphate groups – sugar is deoxyribose 2. Nucleotides 3. Double helix – sugar-phosphate groups form backbone (sides of “ladder”), pairs of nucleotides form “rungs of ladder”; nucleotide pairs joined by hydrogen bonds; A always pairs with T, C always pairs with G

Page

MOLECULAR GENETICS A. DEFINITIONS

1. Gene – a location on a chromosome; typically codes for one polypeptide 2. Alleles – different forms of a gene 3. Chromosome – structure made up of DNA and associated proteins 4. Genotype – genetic makeup of an organism 5. Phenotype – visible expression of genetic makeup

Research & Education Association • For complete list of titles, visit www.rea.com/quickaccess

QA Biology.indd 1

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TEst PrepS: PARCC ELA

Take Control of the Common Core with REA’s PARCC Assessment ELA Study Guides The educational landscape is changing and REA is at the forefront of the new PARCC (Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers) assessments that millions of students will soon face. These targeted study guides are designed for teachers and students in PARCC states and are fully aligned with the Common Core standards. n

Covers Must-Know PARCC Performance-Based

Tasks: Each chapter includes step-by-step instruction and practice for every topic tested on the PARCC English Language Arts/Literacy exams. n

Written by an Expert: Our author is a curriculum

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Handy Guides for Students and Teachers: These

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Ready, Set, Go! Common Core

What Are the Common Core State Standards (CCSS)?

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Test Preps: advanced placement

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Test Preps: advanced placement

CRASH COURSE® The Fastest Way to Raise AP Scores Over 300,000 students can’t be wrong — REA’s AP Crash Course® gets results!

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Test Preps: college admission

ACT, PSAT & SAT REA’s College Admission Prep — ACT, PSAT & SAT REA’s test preps help students score higher on their College Admission exams. n

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n Practice

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ESL & ASVAB

Test Preps: ESL & ASVAB

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ediate 44 ESL Interm

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EXERCISE 33

of the heses with one words in parent nearly the same. Some ce, replac e the same or For each senten in the list that means the s frequency adverb engaged. after a short may be repeate they married Mandy when barely knew Example: Jeff not at all) ment. (almost

EXERCISE 19 rative forms.

4. captive

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18. alive

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12. clever 14. sheepish

better to use an

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AM 3/10/11 9:45

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029-060 ESL

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you anymo _______ ever see

+ THAN + + comparative

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on television. d a baseball game _______ watche

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usually

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ND REPORT

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O N E

Introduction

Old Major

Orwell i, Work of George 1903 in Motihar The Life and Hugh Blair in was born Eric , and the only George Orwell of three children and He was the second His elder sister, Marjorie, Bengal, India. dian Ida Blair. class Anglo-In Richard and boy, born to ted this middleOpium Avril, comple agent in the his younger sister, father was an discouraging custom with such dour, the His was As family.

Service.

England the British Civil sent back to Department of abroad, he was left-wing woman children born middle-class a modern, rather on. His mother, for his educati anied him. g Eton Colsuffragette, accomp schools, includin and militant nal” British d the best English Orwell attende epitomized “traditio e a school that feeling insecur students and lege (1917-1921), tes. than the other rest of his classma the with education. Poorer in fit imperi, he never quite world of British about himself accepting the an “outsider,” had difficulty feelings of being Politically, he early in his ded him. These he expressed alism that surroun a “great firm belief (which become Orwell’s to coupled with he felt fated his and family) that Influenced by life to friends his entire life. l the course of by his own politica writer,” affected and charged ionary” politics mother’s “revolut to a writing career. 1921, Orwell in ultimately turned ideas, Orwell from Eton College service as a he graduated However, when and entered civil the family tradition in Burma. He served in this briefly followed l Police two most his Indian Imperia for l the of r membe gathering materia 1922 to 1927, position from

Snowball

Boxer

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Benjamin

N S E C T I O

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chOOsing a subjecT If possible, choose a subject that you will enjoy learning about. Ask yourself a few questions: • What do I want to learn more about?

• What subjects do I care about?

• How will learning about this topic be helpful to me?

After you’ve chosen a general topic, you may need to either broaden it or narrow it down. Consider these questions if you are writing a five­paragraph essay: • Will you be able to write at least five para­ graphs related to the topic?

• Will five paragraphs be enough to cover the topic?

If you’ve answered “no” to either of these questions, you’ll need to either broaden or narrow your topic.

cOnsider The audience Think about details you will need to include to suit your audience. Ask these questions as you plan and draft your essay: • What does the audience already know about the topic? What do I want my readers to learn?

• How much detail does my audience need to know about the topic?

For example, if you are writing an essay about the differences between baseball’s American League and National League, you will need to know how much your readers know about baseball. If they have never heard of these different leagues, you will need to include details that explain the leagues themselves before you begin explaining similarities and differences.

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Other questions: • What will be convincing to my audience?

• What will my audience object to?

• How can I write the essay to overcome any objections my audience may have?

For example, if you are writing an essay to an audience of zookeepers persuading readers that elephants do not belong in zoos, you should not imply that the treatment elephants receive in zoos is at fault, be­ cause this will insult zookeepers. Instead focus on statistics from many different zoos that demonstrate how elephant fertility decreases in captivity.

idenTify The PurPOse Always keep your purpose for writing in mind, from start to finish of the writing process. Many college writing assignments are drafted for the following reasons: • to narrate a stor y and interpret its importance • to describe an event and explain its significance • to explain a policy and determine its effect • to argue a position and persuade others to agree You may draft an essay that uses one or more of these purposes within it. For example, you may have one or two paragraphs in your essay that nar­ rate a story, yet the reason that the story is included in your essay is to serve the purpose of convincing readers.

sTrucTure Of an essay An essay is made up of three parts: 1. introduCtion – The introduction usually opens with an interesting story or quote that catches the reader’s attention. The story then leads into a thesis statement that presents the main idea of the essay.

2. Body – The body is made up of several paragraphs that support the ideas presented in the thesis statement. Most writing assignments require you to write at least three body para­ graphs. The body contains the details, facts, and events that support an argument or that describe an experience.

3. ConClusion – The conclusion restates the thesis statement and revisits the main ideas presented in the body. It serves to close up the writer’s arguments and leave the reader with a concise review of the material covered in the essay.

WriTing a Thesis sTaTemenT Before you begin writing an essay or writing a research paper, draft a working thesis statement.

The thesis statement should contain two parts: (1) the subject of the essay and (2) your opinion about the subject. Be sure to write a thesis state­ ment that is specific enough to be interesting to your reader. Here are some examples of strong and weak thesis statements: WEAK: High school dropout rates are increasing.

(This thesis statement lacks an opinion, and it is too general.)

STRONGER: Because higher education is needed more than ever before for members of today’s work­ force to be successful, rising numbers of high school dropout rates are harmful to society.

WEAK: LEED construction is the wave of the future.

(This thesis statement lacks specific details that will make the essay appealing to the reader.)

STRONGER: Due to its strong focus on sustaina­ bility, water efficiency, and indoor environmental quality, interest in the LEED certification program will continue to grow.

WEAK: The film Crash makes important statements about sociology. (This thesis statement is vague and needs more details.)

STRONGER: The film Crash presents several examples of social dysfunction and social conflict that invite a discussion of how this movie about Los Angeles relates to sociology throughout the United States.

As you work through the writing process and find out more about your writing topic, you may find that you need to add to or revise your thesis. Because of this, the first statement that you draft is most likely your working thesis.

Organizing ideas As you do preliminary research for an essay or re­ search paper, you might draft notes of ideas or facts you discover about your topic. It can be helpful to look over your notes and use an organizational method to group notes of a similar topic together.

Here are a few different methods: Clustering – Clustering is a visual technique used by writers to come up with ideas for a chosen topic. This organizational method visually resem­ bles a spider’s web, displaying one central idea in the middle with related ideas spiraling out from the center. The example below shows how a writer used clustering to come up with ideas for a paper on the value of a college education. in-depth study

teacher

higher learning

job I want

expectations

meet new people

life experiences

friends

internship

networking

study abroad

idea Cards – To use this organizational tech­ nique, begin with 3­by­5­inch index cards. Start jotting down ideas related to your topic on the cards.

Make a game out of it by spreading out all the cards and arranging and rearranging them according to subject matter. When your ideas seem organized in a logical order, arrange your cards into a deck. Flip over one idea at a time and convert the ideas into complete sentences on another sheet of paper.

Color Coding – Color coding related ideas will help you locate information easily when you begin drafting your essay. After you have jotted down all of the supporting points you want to make to prove your thesis, highlight the ideas that go together. This will make it easier to break down your information into paragraphs. You can also use multi­colored index cards, keeping related ideas on the same colored cards.

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ENGLISH COMPOSITION & STYLE The WriTing PrOcess Any college writing assignment involves a 5­step process.

1. Planning – Includes deciding on a topic and brainstorming about the topic by collaborating with a teacher and/or peers, freewriting, writing in a journal, and/or making graphic organizers containing ideas you gather about the topic.

2. drafting – During this stage, string the ideas from your planning stage together into an essay. Begin to create paragraphs. Flesh out your main ideas by providing definitions and examples.

3. revising – After creating a rough draft, let it sit for a few hours. Then go back and add any new ideas or details, or rearrange ideas that may not flow properly. You could ask a trusted peer to read your work and give you feedback. This is the stage to add, delete, or rearrange entire paragraphs.

4. editing – At this stage you are ready to focus on each sentence of your essay. Look at your word choices: have you used too many words? Do you need to use more pre­ cise words? Are your sentences too lengthy or dense? Too short or choppy? Do you need to add transitions between paragraphs and/or sentences?

5. Proofreading – Now you are ready to look closely at the spelling, punctuation, capitaliza­ tion, and grammar within your paper. Also check the formatting conventions you’ve used, either MLA (Modern Language Association) or APA (American Psychological Association).

Consult a style guide if you are unsure of how to cite resources.

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United States History American History I: Pre-Columbian to 1877 American History II: 1877 to Present U.S. Government

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B. C. D.

E.

F.

ventricles 1. Atria – upper chambers – thin walled 2. Venticles – lower chambers – strong pumps – thick walled ARTERIES – carry oxygen-rich blood to the body and oxygen-poor blood to the lungs; have thick walls of muscle and connective tissue VEINS – carry oxygen-poor blood from the body and oxygen-rich blood from the lungs; walls thin (little muscle); valves prevent backflow CAPILLARIES – blood from arterioles enters capillaries – walls are a single layer of epithelial cells through which oxygen and nutrients pass to tissues and through which metabolic wastes pass from tissues BLOOD – transports material to and from tissues; helps defend against infectious agents 1. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) – when mature, contain no nucleus, much hemoglobin; carry oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide away; formed in bone marrow 2. White blood cells (leukocytes) – nucleated, no hemoglobin; protect against disease; formed in bone marrow, lymph nodes; include neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils 3. Platelets – cell fragments that aid in clotting LYMPHATIC SYSTEM – lymphatic capillaries (close-ended) collect intercellular fluid from tissue spaces, deliver it to larger lymphatic vessels (valves prevent backflow), then to veins in lower neck. Lymph is filtered in nodes containing lymphocytes and plasma.

• Spleen – lymphoid organ; filters blood and stores red blood cells and macrophages

EXCRETION A. SKIN – sweat glands remove water, mineral salts, and urea from blood

B. LUNGS – CO2 and H2O vapors diffuse from

blood in capillaries into alveoli (tiny air sacs), then are excreted by exhaling C. LIVER – removes old red blood cells and monosacchar ides (except glucose) and deaminates excess amino acids D. URINARY SYSTEM – removes excess water, mineral ions, and organic wastes 1. Kidneys – blood enters via renal arteries and leaves via renal veins 2. Ureters – connect kidneys to bladder 3. Bladder – hollow, muscular organ; expands with urine 4. Urethra – connects bladder to outside of body

One pair of Homologues Homologues homologous Condense Align chromosomes and cross (homologues) over

Homologues Separate

Meiosis/ result: Homologues separated into 2 cells

PROPHASE I METAPHASE I MEIOSIS I: Separate the homologues

ANAPHASE

TELOPHASE

PROPHASE I METAPHASE I ANAPHASE MEIOSIS II: Separate the Sister Chromatids (by Mitosis)

TELOPHASE

there is no DNA replication between the two divisions

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM A. HORMONES – chemical substance secreted by

specific cells in one area of body that affect target cells in another area of the body

B. ORGANS AND GLANDS – ductless glands secrete directly into capillaries 1. Thyroid – thyroxin – rate of metabolism; growth and development; calcitonin – lowers blood calcium level 2. Parathyroids – increase phosphate excretion; parathormone (PTH) – raises blood calcium level 3. Pituitary, anterior lobe a. Tropic hormones – regulate other endocrine glands, including the thyroid, adrenal cortex, and gonads b. Hormones with non-endocrine targets – growth hormone (GH) – growth of bones;

1. Interphase I – chromosome duplication 2. Prophase I – thickening and pairing of homologous chromosomes; centrioles migrate to opposite poles; nuclear membrane and nucleolus begin to disappear 3. Metaphase I – homologous pairs migrate to equatorial plane; pair members form attachments to opposite pole spindles 4. Anaphase I – pair members separate and migrate to opposite poles (in humans, each pole now has 23 pairs) 5. Telophase I – formation of two separate nuclei and cell division

QA Biology.indd 3

tides on tRNA – triplet of nucleo 2. Anti-codon s mRNA codon that complementthe ribosome that holds the of polypeptide 3. P site – region g the growing that holds the tRNA that is carryin of the ribosome being 4. A site – regioncarrying the amino acid tRNA that is polypeptide chain that forms added to the – chemical bond e in a polyp eptid 5. Peptide bond acids amino betwe en (protein) Polypeptide

chain

Peptide bond

Amino acids

Amino acid

Newly formed protein chain tRNA

C C G C mRNA

G

G

C C A G G

U

Anti-codon

C C A G

G

U

G C G G

A

G

Codon

Ribosome Completed protein

TISSUES ES absorpA. PLANT TISSU– protection – increases leaf

ter in each daugh II – centriole e forms 6. Prophase s, new spindl glands and nucleus divide s align on equa– mammary II – chromosome prolactin (PRL) 7. Metaphase e secretion of milk lobe tor of new spindlcentro meres divide, sister posterior II – opposite s muscular 4. Pituitary, 8. Anaphase and move to (ADH) – cause increasing te ressin separa a. Vasop chromatids les to contract, ns, 23 to each) walls of arterio regula tes water reabpoles (in huma n, nuclear memre; II – cell divisio blood pressu 9. Telophase ons sorption in nephr ction of uterine musbranes reform – contra b. Oxytocin EM irth NERVOUS SYST cles during childb rhans islets of Lange se and oxidation TS 5. Pancreas, storag – ONEN chemical impul – insulin A. COMP a. Beta cells conducts electro ted in dendrites 1. Neuron – ses genera of glucose glucose into SYSTEM es; nerve impul the axon, a long fiber cov– glucagon – CIRCULATORY b. Alpha cells cted along two atria, two condu bers: lates sheath. bloodstream four cham hormone – stimus ered by a myelin – conducts impulses from A. H E A RT – us – thymus infant n in Thym (CNS) neuro 6. cles walled ventri s system 2. Sensory antibody system chambers – thin s– central nervou formation of 1. Atria – upper ers – strong pump cord and brain; receptors to the from – lower chamb s – in the spinal 7. Adrenal cortex – gluco se forma tion 2. Venticles 3. Interneuronand motor neurons the a. Cortis ones thick walled acids link sensory impulses from -rich blood to amino and fatty ns – conduct s), balance – carry oxygen to the lungs; have water and salt 4. Motor neuro ors (musc les and gland B. ARTERIES pment -poor blood b. Cortins – CNS to effect nes – sexual develo body and oxygen e and connective tissue se to stimuli c. Sex hormo muscl ng in body’s respon ; electrical charge body the resulti lla from thick walls of glublood se – the signal 8. Adrenal medu e – cause s releas e of thin oxygen-poor 5. Nerve impul length of the neuron C. VEINS – carry blood from the lungs; walls ses hearta. Epine phrin tream, increa en the axon that travels the and oxygen-rich t backflow junction betwe of the next cose into bloods ation rates, reduc es valves preven ite Synapse – the enters respir les 6. in dendr e and (little muscle); the arterio muscl beat and h n S – blood fromlayer of epithelial relaxes smoot of one neuro clotting time, D. CAPILLARIE are a single pass neuron EM capillaries – walls and nutrients bronchioles iction of blood NERVOUS SYST which oxygen metabolic wastes rine – constr nded by three B. CENTRAL cells through b. Norepineph l control – surrou through which 1. Brain – centra bony skull to tissues and vessels tismeninges and – thoug ht and pment of pass from tissues ial to and from – cereb rum 9. Gonads terone – develo a. Foreb rain sing transports mater a. Testes – testos characteristics t infectious agentsmaE. BLOOD – proces l agains neura ses betwe en secondary male en – develo pmen t of sues; helps defend (erythrocytes) – when – relays impul cells lobin; b. Midbr ain rain Ovari es – estrog characteristics hindb b.

1. Red blood no nucleus, much hemog gata and e forebrain and secondary female carbon dioxid ture, contain – medu lla oblon ato tissues and c. Hindb rain reflex centers for respir N carry oxygen w wing, in bone marro cerebellum – REPRODUCTIO – nucleated, ity coughing, swallo away; formed quant eat, cytes) kind, (leuko heartb same cells tion, st diseas e; – progeny have 2. White blood ges ; protec t again sneezing A. ASEXUAL three menin two no hemo globin marrow, lymph nodes; inw – enclosed by of DNA as parent – parent cell divides into , 2. Spinal cord colum n verteb rae; a narro formed in bone monocytes, lymphocytes fission l runs Binary ia) 1. spina fluid phils, al bacter and (e.g., body clude neutro cerebrospin daughter cells basophils g of cell or parent yeast, canal filled with; pathway for impulses beeosinophils, and – outgrowth that aid in clottin (e.g., 2. Budding – cell fragments down its center nervous system and brain; tes from parent 3. Platelets atic capillaries eral grows and separa motor tween periph SYSTEM – lymph from tisfor sensory and hydra) es F. LYMPHATIC) collect intercellular fluid vessels connecting center es fusion of gametthe gametes atic involv lymph – (close-ended AL larger ns ces to r it neuro B. SEXU re that produ SYSTEM to veins in lower sue spaces, delive L NERVOUS from 1. Gonad – structu), ovary (eggs) t backflow), then lymC. PERIPHERA– nerves transmit impulses two (valves preven ltered in nodes containing l – testis (sperm e formation; is fi CNS to skeleta 1. Somatic neck. Lymph CNS and from – process of gamet net haploid (n) plasma. receptors to C. MEIOSIS lters blood and r divisions that phocytes and ns oid organ; fi successive nuclea muscles motor neuro • Spleen – lymph cells and macrophages – sensory and nuclei 2. Autonomic CNS and internal organs stores red blood Meiosis/ result: neurons Homologues between ues Homologues run motor – Homolog Separate c system Homologues separated heart Align EXCRETION One pair of a. Sympatheti Condense into 2 cells cord; accelerates mineral homologous and cross spinal alwater, from e perist omes arise chromos glands remov over arteries, slows ing (homologues) rate, constricts A. SKIN – sweatfrom blood er, dilate s breath ses e from salts, and urea increa sis, relaxe s bladd vapors diffus s eye pupil, CO 2 and H 2O i (tiny air sacs), passa ges, dilate B. LUNGS – ries into alveol secretion blood in capilla by exhaling – fibers arise ed thetic system of and TELOPHASE then are excret b. Parasympa red blood cells and opposite to those ANAPHASE I remov es old METAPHASE I from brain; effects PROPHASE C. LIVE R – ar ides (exce pt gluco se) ues the homolog sympathetic MEIOSIS I: Separate mono sacch amino acids EPTORS deaminates excess es excess water, STIMULUS REC SYSTEM – remov D. URINARY and organic wastes EYE – s and EPTORS mineral ions, via renal arterie – transparent A. PHOTOREC blood enters layer; cornea light 1. Kidneys – 1. Sclera – outer e layer – iris and pupil; veins middl leaves via renal ct kidneys to bladder 2. Choroid – ds replication conne h to reach lens ors there is no DNA lar organ; expan 2. Ureters – passes throug two divisions between the hollow, muscu ns visual recept 3. Bladder – 3. Retina – contai ive to light – night vision of with urine er to outside a. Rods – sensit -light color receptors – connects bladd bright ra – Ureth 4. b. Cones i to brain – carries stimul body 4. Optic nerve TELOPHASE epiEPTORS SYSTEM ANAPHASE I in olfact ory B. CHEMOREC METAPHASE ENDOCRINE I ds (by Mitosis) recep tor cells binds with active PROPHASE nce secreted by the Sister Chromati 1. Smell – molecule to – chemical substathat affect target MEIOSIS II: Separate thelium; odor transm itted body A. HORMONES gener ated is d to brain for in one area of duplication site; signa l specific cells body of – chromosome is carrie er area of the Interphase I and pairin g fiber, which glands 1. ss ning nerve cells in anoth ductle thicke – I – ioles n AND GLANDS 2. Proph ase s chrom osom es; centr of taste buds interpretatio ries B. ORGANS r memlogou sites in four kinds capilla into nuclea homo active y – olism; ite poles; 2. Taste secrete directl rate of metab sour, salty, bitter migrate to opposlus begin to disappear – thyroxin – on tongue: sweet, nin – lowers calcito 1. Thyroid te ; nucleo pment brane and s pairs migra ECEPTORS re regrowth and develo scles: pressu I – homologou C. MECHANOR level memb ers form pacinian corpu internal organs; 3. Metaphase blood calcium increase phosphate excreplane ; pair 1. Touch – and some – spindles to equat orial blood ceptors in skin ns 2. Parathyroidsormone (PTH) – raises to opposite pole separate and sensory neuro attachments ers tion; parath connected to I – pair memb ns, each ear 4. Anaphase ite poles (in huma calcium level al ear) and au2. Hearing – – pinna (extern migrate to oppospairs) anterior lobe ate other a. Outer ear 3. Pituitary, to ear drum ones – regul thyroid, separa te now has 23 up two horm pole of c canal, tion ditory a. Tropi I – forma , including the 5. Telop hase endocrine glands gonads division , and nuclei and cell adrenal cortex non-endocrine targets – with of bones; b. Hormones ne (GH) – growth growth hormo ive tory and digest – paths of respira 2. Pharynx here ensystems cross ts food from epiglottis preven 3. Trachea – ipe tering windp to one lung two – each leadsinto bronchioles – hi Bronc 4. h bronchi branc of air sacs where 5. Lungs – i in walls nt pulmonary that enter alveol occurs via adjace gas exchange capillaries

1. Epidermis reduces H 2O loss in stem, tion in root, (stomata) O storage – food and H2 2. Parenchyma a – support 3. Sclerenchym a – photosynthesis als 4. Chlorenchym ort of water and miner transp 5. Xylem – from leaves from roots ort of sugars transp – m 6. Phloe – growth 7. Meristem ; TISSUES (cover ing body) B. ANIMAL – protec tion ) 1. Epith elial internal organs secretion (lining 2. Muscle: voluntary a. Skeletal – involuntary b. Smooth – ntary; heart only involu – c 5’ c. Cardia 3’ them. which 2. fiAutonomic motor er res toneurons bers between– sensoryr and structu ded 3. Connective: holding tissues, organs togeth – tubula – single-stran run between and internal le fibersCNS attach and ngs) 6. Spind osomesorgans ucleic acid) a. Binding – group (backnts, organ coveri n a. Sympathetic system cell – motor meres of chrom B. RNA (ribon divisioneurons centro and phosphate in (tendons, ligame protection (skeleton) (admove they arise from spinal cord; accelerates heart rt, chain of ribose of four nitrogenous bases which along a b. Bone – suppo storage, insulation, cushSTAGES rate, constricts slows peristalbone) and one cytosine, uracil); formed from fat E – FOURarteries, e, c. Adipose – r skin, around organs) D. CELL CYCL – growth sis, bladder, dilates breathing erase enine, guanin gap phase firstrelaxes c n, support ioning (unde

by RNA polym tion increases 1. G1 –passages, geneti ate frictio of tes replica templ ion dilates eye pupil, DNA DNA – transla mol– reduct synthesis – ears) RNA (mRNA) 2. S – secretion d. Cartilage – synthesis of , parts of nose, 1. Messenger from DNA into polyp eptide second gap phaseof organelles prior to G2 –Parasympathetic (ends of bones 3. b.

– fibers arise inform ation and duplicationsystem er make up n, mental ecules of the G2 togethto 4. Nerve: from brain; effects those of andopposite chain se interpretatio integral part division. G 1, S, cellsympathetic RNA (rRNA) – a. Brain – impul sis occurs 2. Ribosomal – division protein synthe Interphase. activity acid on – carrying ) and Cytokinesis ribosome where nerves, gangli – inserts amino s (M phaseRECEPTORS asm RNA (tRNA) STIMULUS 4. Mitosi b. Spinal cord, and the cytopl 3. Transfer polypeptide chain g the into ses es mRNA of the nucleus impul on heart – carryin nucleus receiv specified by A. PHOTORECEPTORS – ter EYE cells, vessels, bly of RNA strand infec– each daugh s as the parSIS TION – assem 5. Blood: blood and from cells, fighting osome nucleo E.1.MITO Sclera – outer layer; cornea – transparent SCRIP RNA chrom of helix; C. TRAN ement ement replaclight compl materials to cellpupil; a DNA double tides; andand 2. same Choroid – middle layer – iris one strand of ementary to DNA nucleo sible for growth tion, clotting respon ent; passes throughorgani to reach smslens tides are compl thymine (T) in mRNA es multic–ellular E SYSTEM mRNA 3. inRetina contains visual receptors STIV on tides DIGE uracil (U) replac er triplet of nucleo a. Rods – sensitive to light – night vision 1. Codon – a e that joins togeth AND ENZYMES , ptyalin, digeserase – enzym b. Cones – bright-light color receptors A. ORGANS 2. RNA polym the growing mRNA chain – salivary glands 4. Optic nerve – carries stimuli to brain 1. Oral cavity Telephase: nucleotides in seque nce that Anaphase: Chromosomes – specif ic DNA Metaphase: relax tion of starch Chromosomes B. CHEMORECEPTORS Preprometaphase: Chromosomes separate 3. Prom oter ription to start es Prophase: – swallowing Align es 2. Pharynx 1.Chromosom Smell – Chromosom receptor cells in olfactory epiAttach signals transc Condense ion – peristalsis sis; chrothelium; odor molecule binds with active , pepsin, digest 3. Esophagus of synthe – active phase ch – gastric glands long s hase Stoma site; signal generated is transmitted to osome 4.

Interp 1. es ated; chrom U duplic RNA Nucleotid strand , jejun um, C of proteins nerve fiber,es which is carried toofbrain for cell cycle) mosom DNA template ine (duod enum (at C G G S, and G2 stages short en and interpretation 5. Small intest digestions and absorption and thin (G1, T A osom es – chrom T ase late es, fatty acids, 2. Taste – active sites in four kinds ofar taste budsrane ileum) – final memb A U DNA non-temp 2. Proph nucle harides, peptid A strand nucle T on tongue: sweet, sour,oli, salty, bitter A to form as villi) of disacc thick en; A le fibers begin cell es ides spind receiv A glycer T ear; water; mono of C. MECHANORECEPTORS disapp C toward poles ine – reabsorbs digestion C G osomes oles move 1. Touch – pacinian corpuscles: pressure 6. Large intest centri of chromreial after C mater meres C solid G – centro se (starc h), haseand s move to remaining ceptors in skin some internal organs; T 3. Metap U enzym es – amyla ses A le; chromosome spindneurons e connected to to sensory A 7. Pancreatic ), trypsin (proteins), nuclea attach RNA polymeras A T C 2. Hearing – earr lipase (lipids separate; full C equato chromatids T es), acids) sister – ic pole peptid ( ase a. 4.Outer ear – pinna (external ear) and au(nucle A ases Anaph toward each enzymes – peptid se), lactase ditory canal, up tons) earmoves drum poles completed; in huma mRNA 8. Intestinal set (46 newly made se), sucrase (sucro – migration to maltase (malto 5. Telophase es length en, nucle i reconn – divisio (lactose) chrom osom of rRNA, tRNA, ed by cytokinesis into structed; follow ION – interaction RESPIRATION D. TRANSLAT converting DNA instructions of cytoplasm and mRNA in and hu; MA NS warm DOG mRNA ORGA ptide on ranes A. tides a polype us memb S) AM THE CENTRAL TEIN9:01 6/21/11 a triplet of nucleo amino acid or 1. Nose – muco → PRO 1. Codon – s to an (DNA → RNA midify air each corre spond instructions tart ICATION provides stop/s A. DNA REPL helix 3 1. Enzymes – unzips DNA se QA Biology.indd helica AM a. DNA 6/21/11 9:01 ion

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM A. H E A RT – four chambers: two atria, two

6. Prophase II – centriole in each daughter prolactin (PRL) – mammary glands and nucleus divides, new spindle forms secretion of milk 7. Metaphase II – chromosomes align on equa4. Pituitary, posterior lobe tor of new spindle a. Vasopressin (ADH) – causes muscular 8. Anaphase II – centromeres divide, sister walls of arterioles to contract, increasing tides to – add nucleo chromatids separate and move to opposite b. DNA polymerases blood pressure; regulates water reabmolecule; of original DNA3' poles (in humans,s –23 to each) sorption in nephrons n genes each strand contai from 5' to s chromosome 9. Telophase II – cell division, nuclear memb. Oxytocin – contraction of uterine mus- Homologou move along strand join together Okazaki 6.

– helps branes reform cles during childbirth sized segcal alleles for for same traits c. DNA ligase , newly synthe s – possesses identi 5. Pancreas, islets of Langerhans fragments (short chromosome 7. HomozygoteonNERVOUS logous SYSTEM for homo a. Beta cells – insulin – storage and oxidation a given gene ments of DNA) gs – As bases ses different alleles s of glucose tary base pairin T, and C alzygote – posses osome A. COMPONENTS 8. Hetero 2. Complemen logous chrom pairs with b. Alpha cells – glucagon – glucose into on homo 1.gene Neuron – conducts osomes break; impuls- are added, A always a given chromelectrochemical bloodstream over – paired nation impulses generated ins dendrites ways pairs with G. 9. Crossing es; nerve replication, each in new combi 6. Thymus – thymus hormone – stimulates nts reunitealong of anfiber cov- Semiconser vative – After conducted the a long the sex the fragme ineaxon, one old strand 3.

– determ formation of antibody system in infants s; molecule has osome ered by asmyelin sheath.

Y chromosome resulting DNA 10. Sex chrom s, X and .

7. Adrenal cortex human strand in 2.

Sensory neuron – conducts impulses from ual; and one new s a. Cortisones – glucose formation from individmales, XX for female sex (CNS) the central is not asystem Replication Fork XY for receptors to osome thatnervous amino and fatty acids – chrom – in the spinal cord and brain; 3. Interneurons Lagging 11. Autosome b. Cortins – water and salt balance link sensory and motor neurons strand chromosome e in allele(s) that c. Sex hormones – sexual development – a chang 4. Motor neurons – conduct impulses from TION 8. Adrenal medulla B. GENE MUTA CNS and glands), pe to effectors (muscles change in chrocalresponse a. Epinephrine – causes release of glu-alters genoty DNA resulting body’s to stimuli osomal –inchemi cose into bloodstream, increases heart- 1. Chrom polymerase re – the signal; electricalecharge 5. Nerve impulse mosomal structusegme nt of chrom osom beat and respiration rates, reduces Leading thation travels – the length of the neuron Delet a. 6. Synapse – the junction between the axon strand clotting time, relaxes smooth muscle in n of one missing a portio bronchioles of one neuron andofthe dendrite of the next – fusion ation b. Duplic b. Norepinephrine – constriction of blood neuron onto another non-hoof chromosome vessels nts on – segmeSYSTEM B. CENTRAL NERVOUS exchanged 9. Gonads c. Translocati osomes–are 1.molog Brain – central surrounded by three chromcontrol ous a. Testes – testosterone – development of segment is reinmeninges bonyedskull a remov ion – and secondary male characteristics d. Invers a. Forebrain ard – cerebrum – thought - and Okazaki serted backw b. Ovaries – estrogen – development of of one nucleo fragment DNA neural – substitution ionprocessing secondary female characteristics deletion)between polymerase on or 2. Pointb.mutat Midbrain – relays impulses er (in additi tide for anoth forebrain and hindbrain ITIONS DEFIN – REPRODUCTION ION s) bod- and c. Hindbrain medulla oblongata 46 (in human C. CELL DIVIS – one of–the genes of s A. ASEXUAL – progeny have same kind, quantity 1. Chromosome bearer cerebellum – refl ex centers for respiraDNA s that are the ated nucleu of DNA as parent helicase ies in thetion, heartbeat, coughing, swallowing, ial and associ mater c as geneti – atin seen 1. Binary fission – parent cell divides into two 2. Chromsneezing nes) in nucle us; daughter cells (e.g., bacteria) ins (histo 2.

Spinal cord – enclosed s three meninges prote mitosiby d s during 2. Budding – outgrowth of cell or parent body andosome spinal column atin a narrow strands forme chrom chrom vertebrae; – two grows and separates from parent (e.g., yeast, atids canal filled with chrom cerebrospinal fluid at runs osome; joined 3. Chrom of thepathway hydra) down ation its center; for impulses beby duplic osome mere B. SEXUAL – involves fusion of gametes tween peripheral nervous system brain; chromand centro iction on n; 1. Gonad – structure that produces the gametes divisio omere – constr connecting center forduring sensory motor celland 4. Centr – testis (sperm), ovary (eggs) g it into two arms neurons dividin to spindle ment cell l attach of C. MEIOSIS – process of gamete formation; two anima C. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS point re in r structuSYSTEM te iole ––tubula successive nuclear divisions that net haploid (n) Somatic nerves and transmit from ters migra 5.1.Centr daughimpulses s, e nuclei is; it divide receptors to CNS andcell, from CNS gtospindl skeletal mitos formin of the opposite ends tomuscles

direction of transcript

2. Pharynx – paths of respiratory and digestive systems cross here 3. Trachea – epiglottis prevents food from entering windpipe 4. Bronchi – two – each leads to one lung 5. Lungs – bronchi branch into bronchioles that enter alveoli in walls of air sacs where gas exchange occurs via adjacent pulmonary capillaries

QA Biology.indd

2

ALGEBRA I

bers that

can be

set of all num b ≠ 0. ers plus the integers,in each daughter 6. Prophase II – centriole 2. Pharynx – paths of respiratory and digestive prolactin (PRL) – mammary glands and set of integ and b are a nucleus s: the re a divides, __ new spindle forms systems cross here secretion of milk 3. Rationald in the form b , whe 7. Metaphase II – chromosomes align on equa3. Trachea – epiglottis prevents food from en4. Pituitary, posterior lobe the expresse essed in __ tor of new spindle tering windpipe a. Vasopressin (ADH) – causes muscular ot be expr 1 __ that cann √2 divide, sister e.g.,increasing – centromeres 4. Bronchi – two – each leads to oneOPE lung RATIONS walls of arterioles to contract, numbers II 0.

2 of8.allAnaphase e.g., π and ers, b ≠ ls: the set arechromatids separate and move to opposite 5. Lungs – bronchiSbranch into bronchioles blood pressure; regulatesIrrat water reabAND SET iona integ b SET 4. ber. a re a and __ bers poles (in humans, to. each) that enter alveoli in walls of air sacs where sorption ent or mem ents listedin nephrons l num23 form b whe d an elem r or as elem irrationa calle and 9.

Telophase II – cell division, nuclear memgasINIT exchange occurs via adjacent pulmonary b.

Oxytocin – contraction of uterine musas nal IONS each en of ratio of items, capital lette ent of A, writt A. DEF branes reform a number line. capillaries cles during childbirth 5. Reals: the set italicized collection ns: 1. Set: a tion: written as an { a, b, c }, a is an elem 5. Pancreas, islets of Langerhans complex fractio from 0 on TE VALUE nota { }. A = 3. Simplifying 2 ABSOLU value: the distance NERVOUS SYSTEM set B. 2. Set +6 of braces SYSTEM ent of CIRCULATORY x − 5x_____ a. Beta cells – insulin –B. storageAbso and oxidation lute ______ 6 is an elem elem 5 + ___ within a set 1. ents. subset A x 2_____ 5 1 − __ of glucose ent ofatria, x x 2 ______ A. H E AaRT twor sets draw A. COMPONENTS ∈ A–. four chambers: y elemtwo 2 3 4 __________ = 2 − 6x all elements h othe +8 _____ 0 –1conducts x into (A ⊂ B): ever 8 ______ from whic then Aʹ is the set ofb. Alpha cells – glucagon – glucose ventricles 6 + ___ CALS–3 –2 1. –1 Neuron electrochemical impuls3. Subset l Set (U): a set U B. RADI 1 − __ x2 –4: et of U, bloodstream x x2 –5 subs 1.4. Atria upper chambers walled es; nerve impulses generated in dendrites Laws of A. A is– athin Univ–ersa 1.

If : ) ents 2) Aʹ − __ ( _ n ent chambers ______ (x − 3)(x not elem ______ 2.5. Venticles – lower pumps – { } or ϕ. 6. Thymus – thymus hormone – stimulates a ) =n a__–5n __= 5 conducted along the axon, a long fiber cov( n√___ ted Complem 2 set that are– strong _ x______ ents, deno formation of antibody system in infants n universal thick walled ered by a myelin sheath. = √__a √b in the √ab = ______ with no elem − 2)_ rams. cortex __ 7. Adrenal ______ n (x − 4)(x Set: a set oxygen-rich blood to the Venn diag ______ a , b ≠2.0 Sensory neuron – conducts impulses from B. ARTERIES √0__ aA= 6. Empty – carry ≥___ lly by if__ x2 a. Cortisones – glucose formationAnfrom n graphica ed lungs; RATIONS blood 2 receptors to the central nervous system (CNS) body oxygen-poor to the have . _ OPE bif A <√b0 __ |A| = −A ___ represent SETand − 2)_ · ______x______2) amino and fatty acids or B or both B. thick m s may be ______ (x − 3)(x in set Atissue walls of muscle and connective n m = e Rule ( n√a__) s3. Interneurons – in the spinal cord and brain; Valu (x − 4)(x − = ______x 2 Set operation of all elements b. Cortins – water and salt balance __ Absolute m√a___ link sensory mn n: setoxygen-poor blood from the body C. VEINS – carry = 0 and motor neurons | n = √a if Aneurons 1. Unio c. Sex hormones – sexual development radical. e.g., the : 4. only Motor – conduct ed impulses from |−A| = |A √ √ality holding 3 from Form − l and oxygen-rich blood from the lungs; walls thin x remov 8. Adrenal medulla = _____ Simplest Radica have been 2.equa th power s __ CNS to effectors (muscles and glands), |A| ≥ 0, x−4 (little muscle); valves prevent backflow tn 3 a. Epinephrine – causes release ___ of glu______ All |A| 2 0 perfec ____ resulting response to stimuli 3 3 2 = 2x in √x body’s ,a.B ≠ A = heart__ le.

3 x D. CAPILLARIES – blood from arterioles enters EQUATIONS as possib cose into bloodstream, increases √(2x) small √ 8x 5 = 5. |B| Nerveradica impulse – the signal; electrical nd. charge l is as B capillaries – walls are a single layer of epithelial radica the of the beat and respiration rates, =reduces The index that travels |A| × presenoft in the length the neuron b. |B| |AB|muscle cells through which oxygen and nutrients pass any fractions S clotting time, relaxes smooth inThere are two expressions.

2 6. not Synapse – the junction between the axonct of a real certain values A. DEFINITION statement of equality of to tissues and through which metabolic wastes |A|2 = A c. a produ is true for only .

TION bronchioles sed as S NOTA ofaone and theexpres dendrite of the next number LAW er 1. Equation: equation: an equation that TIFIC realneuron numb SCIEN pass from tissues n < 10. real C. ofAIC b. Norepinephrine – C. constriction bloodtion: a +: bn = ×10ma, areal ALGEBR number. where n is 1 ≤ neuron 2. Conditional le(s).

Definition 1.addi l power of 10, : ab =integra E. BLOOD – transports material to and from tisvessels ation 1. Closure/ + a. 7 and an iplic n CENTRAL of the variab 5 er B. SYSTEM b = bNERVOUS mult B} variable(s). numb :a+ 0 × 10 sues; helps defend against infectious is true for y = 9. Gonads ition � A or x � values of the 1.9731 2. Closure/ ative/add = | xagents = ba. −5control – surrounded by three e.g., y + 6 = 11 1.,000 Brain is true for all 19,731 n: a–bcentral A ∪ B = {x – when maA and B. catio 1. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) c).

10 of/mu Commut e.g., ×+and ltipli356 an equation that (b +bony 3.56 ty: = in both sets a. Testes – testosterone –3.development a meninges skull = Identi x c ative mon 3. + ONS ers 0.0000 b) com numb ESSI ture, contain no nucleus,elem much hemoglobin; secondary male characteristics c–). cerebrum ents 4. Commut e/addition: (a + a.

4 __ c = a(bRATI true for all real ONAL EXPR Forebrain – thought and of all and carbon dioxide (ab)AND true. : set carry rsec oxygen tissues e.g., 2x = 2x is b. Ovaries – estrogen – 5. development Associativ of ultipNOM tionto lication: the equation IALS Inte ve/m le that makes 2. away; POLY a. neural processing formed in bone marrow secondary female characteristics same solutions. ed value of variab 6. Associatiidentity: a + 0 =b. Midbrain NS ons with the – relays impulsesvalues between a. , usually denot 4. Solution: = 0. · 1 = ESSIO tive 2. White blood cells (leukocytes) – nucleated, EXPR tity: a equations: equati equation f(x) 7. AddiA. S AND take on many can and hindbrain TERM ative iden 0.older that solution to an 5. Equivalent REPRODUCTION a) =forebrain no hemoglobin; protect against disease; a placeh + (− equation: the 8. Multiplic1. rse: a le: to c. oblongata and e.g., a, −5, inveVariab 1 zHindbrain 6. Root of the __ unchanged. . 1, a ≠ 0. – medulla can be added formed in bone marrow, lymph nodes; inAdditive remainsfor LITY 9. kind, A. ASEXUAL – progeny have same quantity a letter: rse: ax,ay, = asinve same quantity cerebellum – reflthat ex−centers respiral for a value ac. ative LAWS OF EQUA clude neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, Property: the symbo B. ab iplic a ion = ) variof DNA as parent ant: on. c Mult btract and − Const tion, heartbeat, coughing, swallowing, 10. nts (b consta = 0.

1. Addition/Su from) both sides of an equati eosinophils, and basophils nt of bers + ac or a a · 02.two .

1. Binary fission – parent cell11. divides Zero: into + c) = ab sneezing cted 7.8, product or quotie num a(b π le, subtra real (or nts. variab g tive: 3. Platelets – cell fragments that aid in clotting nt, quotie essin consta daughter cells (e.g., bacteria) andthree exprcts Spinal syste cordm –offor enclosed by meninges 12. Distribu 3. Term: a2. produ x=6 lied e.g., nation l r of 0.

F. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM – lymphatic capillaries can be multip tionaspinal a combi 2. Budding – outgrowth of cell or parent inde or ers. value 3 IMALSbodyables, nota and column vertebrae; a narrow + rema 6 same a = integ DEC -ten 3 s the 5z x+ x , ___ D. parent (e.g., rty: yield __ n: base (close-ended) collect intercellular fluid from tis7 pattern of fluid division by zero. grows and separates from yeast, like xyz,filled withating cerebrospinal bersruns n/Division Prope x2,ion 3canal of 4x 1. Definitio ng deci and x � B} on, except for 4.56,divis l num 6s ay 2repe e.g.,mal: 3 sue spaces, deliver it to larger 2. Multiplicatio both sides of an equati orcient5 = {x | x � A vessels is the coeffi hydra) irrationa inati ion yield e.g., its center; pathway for4impulses bemal: divisdown + 3y , A ∩ B lymphatic 2. Term a term.do B. nt in not terminate ting deci decimal: . e.g., 9z , 6x (or divided) on (valves prevent backflow), then to veins inin lower A andB. the consta : epea thator more sone SEXUAL – involves fusion of 3. gametes nonr tween peripheral systemterms and brain; Repeating 4. ng ents sets 4x + 7 ation andcient Coeffi ofnervous sent tion to the neck. Lymph is filtered in nodes containing lymmon elem e.g., 1 − x = collec arepre terminati Expre com mal 1. Gonad – structure that produces connecting center for sensory and motor ssion: x + 7) on can be raised __the gametes 4. Non 5. have deci int Sets: no phocytes 3(1 −x) = 3(4 sides of an equati z 3. Disjoand plasma.

– testis (sperm), ovary (eggs) √2 ≈ 1.4142... 8yz − 7x +neurons S Property: both • Spleen – lymphoid organ; filters blood and NUMBER 4x 5 e.g., and 3. Exponent repeat.

C. MEIOSIS – process of gamete formation; two COM PLE sion.

C. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ___X AL NOMI 3 .

POLY real part17 aic expres stores red blood cells and macrophages x power the THE 5 AND algebr i. d − B. = rm same calle ARY −1 e.g., is expresimpulses successive nuclear divisions that net haploid (n) ber (i1. a one-te– nerves ): √Somatic from . a transmit sion. bers 5x 9x 4 aic E. IMAGINinary num 1. Monomial: algebrand real num rm e.g., x = 9 − e.g., 2x − 3 + 2 can be crossnuclei b are sion. receptors to CNS from CNS to skeletal a two-te form ial: and expres ) a x 1. Imag nal EXCRETION ; 2 5 aic bi − Binom (9 + fractio algebr : a 2. (x) = ions in muscles : a three-term part.ial expression.

2. Compleximag a monoty.

Trinom iplication: equat algebraic 3.inary One pair of Homologues Homologues Homologues is Meiosis/ result: A. SKIN – sweat glands remove water, mineral of variables in is 0.

2.omial Autonomic –+ sensory and motor neurons : multi-c)term 4. Cross-mult shown and maintain equali ents bi the (b + dof)ithe expon homologous Condense Align Separate Homologues nt sum (a +mial: ns 4. Multin+ salts, and urea from blood = d )i chromosomes and cross separated multiplied as dia) mono run between CNS and organs degree of a consta terms b −2internal + (8 3. Operatio ) + (c e of (homologues) over into 2 (cells + = 10. The +5 (a − c) of 5. biDegre a+ ______ )= di + 2 = 4x B. LUNGS – CO2 and H2O vapors diffuse from all the monomial 3x a degree Sympathetic system –t degree motor of neurons ______ Addition: y+2 has bi ) −3x(c8a.

9 highes : the 7 on: (a +mial.

LS accelerates heart blood in capillaries into alveoli (tiny air sacs), omial arise from spinal cord; ICA Subtracti e of a polyn RAD + 5) 6. DegreNTS ANDconstricts then are excreted by exhaling rate, arteries, slows peristal9(3x + 2) = 7(4x VALUES A∩B=ϕ = −z. in a polynomial.

EXPONE ABSOLUTE y = z or x + y polynomial ION dilates breathing a + WITH g x S sis, relaxes bladder, DIVIS C. LIVER – removes old red blood cells and either dividin TION if valid ure for AL LONG C. EQUA proced The result : | x + y | = z is on: The passages, dilates eye pupil, increases S monosacchar ides (except and C. POLYNOMI NTS long division. ers.)

Long Divisi 1. Definition integ true.

RATIONglucose) omial EXPONETELOPHASE r to numerical Polyn 1. tive secretion laws hold SET OPE deaminates excess amino acids = A PROPHASE I METAPHASE I A.ANAPHASE and n are posi GRAPHING polynomial, simila erParasympathetic LAWS OF et of U, the following A ∪ U = U, A ∩ U MEIOSIS I: Separate the homologues an. (a, m, C. URINARY b. system – fibers arise integral: by anoth D. SYSTEM – removes = ϕ;excess water, 1n, as 0. s: Uʹ = ϕ a ≠follow d by 2 E PLANE −n = ___ If A is a subs A ∪ ϕ = A, A ∩ ϕ A = A 1. Positive der brain; effects opposite to those of remain____ m ϕʹ = U, and COORDINAT an___fromn __ mineral ions, and organic wastes ∩ ral:isawritte quadrants forme . + ______ m ___ 1. Identity: nt: A ∪ A = A, A ∩ Aʹ = ϕ, (Aʹ)ʹ = A, nd tive integ CARTESIAN ___ n = r msympathetic is split into 4 ( √a ) nt quotie divide THE Nega = diviso ______ plane A. n 2. a A √ 1. Kidneys – blood enters via renal arteries and pote inate , coord l: a = 2. Idem B ∩ C) A ∪ Aʹ = U A, A ∩ B = B ∩ A ent: veins The Cartesian fractiona divisor + 1) C=A∩( leaves via renal + x + 6) ÷ (x RECEPTORS 3. Positive0 = 1, a ≠ 0.e.g., (2x 2STIMULUS (A ∩ B) ∩ 3. Complemative: A ∪ B = B ∪ number lines. ∪ (B ∪ C ); ∪ C ); A ∩ (B ∪ C ) = 2. Ureters – connect kidneys to a A bladder 4. Zero: B) ∪ C = 4. Commut ∩ (A 2x − 1 (A ∪ muscular Laws: A. PHOTORECEPTORS A ∪ B) expands 3. Bladder – ve: hollow, (organ; ral – EYE ___________ = ciati ) C Gene ∩ Asso 5. p q p+q 5. with urinetive: A ∪ (B 6 there is no DNA replication 2x 2 + x–+outer y-axis 1.1) Sclera layer; cornea – transparent x+ Aʹ ∪ Bʹ between the two divisions a a = a pq Distribu 2 + 2x) A ∩ B)ʹ =of q ʹ; (outside (A ∩ C ) 4.6. Urethra bladder Bto 2.−(2x Choroid – middle layer – iris and pupil; light ( ap ) = a (A ∩ B) ∪– connects B)ʹ = Aʹ ∩ LAWS +6 −xthrough p body gan’s: (A ∪ passes to reach lens EBRAIC a = a p−q, a ≠ 0 ___ 7. De Mor 1) q 3. Retina contains visual receptors TEMS, ALG −(−x–− Quadrant I SYS a IONS p p ENDOCRINE SYSTEM p Quadrant II NUMBER AND OPERAT b a. Rods 7 – sensitive to light – night vision e.g., (ab) = ap and 1. number.

ORIZATION b. Cones – bright-light color the receptors zero. a ,b≠0 s other than itselfst quantity A. HORMONES – chemical substance secreted by ___ st to AL FACT a p =TELOPHASE __ notofactor NOMI bers and close p has S 10 POLY num mial smalle of PROPHASE I METAPHASE I ANAPHASE D. 4.

Optic nerve – carries stimuli brain TEM the er ting polyno b ers: SYS specificBER cells in one area of set body counaffect target of that factor: ea of the pow , and MEIOSIS II: Separate Sister Chromatids (by Mitosis) b de: 105 Prime a set of numb bersthe 1.B. NUM : the A. cells bersof nitudon multiple of in another the body of magnitu x-axis numarea whole num comm comof mag rCHEMORECEPTORS set.

6. Order on the orde 1. Whole 2, 3, …

2. Least , negative er of the numbcells the largest factor 1. Smell receptor in olfactory epiers: numbers B. ORGANS AND GLANDS le by–every 86,734 is set of numb e.g., 0, 1, divisib of who–le ductless glands of a binds 1. Interphase I – chromosome duplication set factor thelium; odor molecule with active on the : secrete directly into capillaries st comm 2. Integers 3. Greate 2. Prophase I – thickening and pairing of site;all signal is transmitted to ers of the set.

1. Thyroid – thyroxin –2,rate membgenerated to … of metabolism; zero. mon homologous chromosomes; centrioles nerve fiber, ization which sis carried to brain for −1, 0, 1, 2 Quadrant IV −2,development; growth and calcitonin – lowers on factor (a + b) e.g., …, Quadrant III 4. Comm migrate to opposite poles; nuclear meminterpretation 2 + b)(a + b) = 2 blood calcium level 2 + 2ab + b = (a ) b − a Taste – active brane and nucleolus begin to disappear ) = (aof taste buds) − bkinds 2. )(afour 2. Parathyroids – increase phosphate excrea − bin (sites + b2 = (a + b)(a − b 2 3. Metaphase I – homologous pairs migrate a2 − b 2 =bitter on2ab tongue: sweet, sour, salty, s: a 2 − tion; parathormone (PTH) – raises blood ) ence of square 3 b3 = (a − b)(a2 + ab + b to equatorial plane; pair members form Differ C. MECHANORECEPTORS calcium level ckaccess cubes: a − nce– of attachments to opposite pole spindles .rea.com/qui 1.Differe Touch pacinian corpuscles: pressure re3. Pituitary, anterior lobe www omial factor.

4. Anaphase I – pair members separate and ing ainpolyn of titles, visit common ceptors skin and some stinternal organs; 5. Factor a. Tropic hormones – regulate other long division plete listpoles out the greate to opposite (in humans, each and polynomial 1: Factor • For com connected to sensory neurons Step endocrine glands, including the thyroid, onmigrate factorizations 12:27 PM factor polynomials. prime the common n Associati pole now has 23 pairs) 9/3/10 and Use atio 2: 2.

Hearing – ear mials adrenal cortex, and gonads Step Educ & mial to mono 5. Telophase I – formation of two separate polyno ) Research the − 2xauOuter ear – pinna2(external x)(1and b. Hormones with non-endocrine targets – + 2ear) toa.reduce 2 = 4(1 − 4x ) = 4(1 nuclei and cell division up to ear drumS AND RATIONAL − 16xcanal, growth hormone (GH) – growth of bones; e.g., 4ditory TION S WITH FRAC ATION quotient of two E. OPER sion that is a NS EXPRESSIO algebraic expres expression: an 1. Rational sions, 9y algebraic expres 2 + 5x 1 ________ , ____ 9 3x and/or New.indd A , B ≠ 0, e.g., __4, y + 3 10z __ es a fraction Algebra 1 n includ fractio QA Biology.indd 3 6/21/11 9:01 AM lex B , or both. fraction: a compnumerator, the denominator 2. Complex sions in the rational expres y 1 1 __ __ 1 + __ 2 , ______x___ x , __ __ 4 e.g., __ 5 3 1 − ______ 2 +1 x y

B

( )

B

10 (–3, 7)

3

7

6 4 2

ties of equal1. Definition a ≠ 0.

Using the proper b are constants, one variable: be solved as equations in ax + b = 0 can 2. Solving linear on of the form ity, a linear equati le: The b __ ion in one variab x = − a. a of a linear equat le x (or y) is graphed as the solution on in one variab = 3 specifies the value of 3. Graphing equati linear (3, y). equation x solution of a is all the points line ntal) line. The l on y so the graph vertical (or horizo put any limits slope and a vertica x but it does not (y = a) is said to have zero line .

A horizontal to have no slope (x = a) is said

10

8 10

6

4

2

8

4

–4

4 2

–8 –10

–2 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2

les, it is necesLINES on in two variab C. GRAPHING set: To graph a linear equati draw a line through the points 5 has the that is, 1. Solution on 3x + 2y = its solution set, The linear equati is graphed through sary to graph line equation. e.g., that satisfy the (−1, 4), and (3, −2) and the 1), solutions (1, these points.

8 4 2

–2 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2

4

6

8 10

y = –2 (0, –2) –4 zero slope

–6 –8 –10

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6 (–1, 4)

(3, 0)

2

BLES les of the form IN TWO VARIA EQUATIONS : an equation with two variab B. LINEAR variables of a and b ≠ 0.

10

(1, 1)

2

4

6

8 10

(3, –2)

–4 –6 –8 –10 of a linear a line: The graph

equation has

two important

of , y ), then 2. Features (x , y ) and (x2 2 h the points 1 1 features. line passes throug ined by the equation: A. Slope: If a line is determ the slope of the − y1 y______ 2 intersects m = x2 − x1. at which a line and the x, 0) ( epts are the points form interc the The of an x- and B. Intercepts: -axes. The x-intercept is will have both lines, the x- and y y). Most lines lines, vertical of the form (0, of horizontal y-intercept is the exception with ept, a y-interc ons. and direct variati

( )

x=3 no slope

6

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mx + b les: The soluept Form: y = ion in two variab in a number e. Slope-Interc d a linear equat the solution of two variables can be graphe of the equa3. Graphing the form equation in ation given or tion of a linear ding on the inform of the following: of ways, depen graph a line, you need two to tion. In order the line • a point on line • slope of the ept • the x-interc a linear equaept special case of direct varia• the y-interc variation is a of a ions: A direct kx. The graph 4. Direct variat les. It is of the form y = of m = k. and has a slope tion in 2 variab BLES through the origin tion always passes EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIA les that in two variab R ons LINEA equati OF a solution or more linear C. SYSTEM a point to be : A set of two equations set. In order for 1. Definition same solution it must satisfy all the linear must share the linear equations, to a system of . in the system −2 = 3x + 2y e.g., −x + 7y = 5 techniques: 2. Solution of variable a. Elimination for a variable b. Substitution equation each c. Graphing

{

8

(5, 0)

2

4

6

8 10

–4 (0, –5) y=x slope = 1

–6 –8

y = –5 zero slope

–10

PM 9/3/10 12:27

PM Algebra 9/3/10 12:27

Algebra

8

–2 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2

X

A

LINEAR EQU BLE and IN ONE VARIA le of the form ax + b = 0, a EQUATIONS with one variab A. LINEAR : an equation

is plotted A point in the (x, y). The point . coordinate pair y- axes as shown on the x- and

| |

X

A

EQUATIONS SYSTEMS OF ATIONS AND

, listed as a

-value POINTS of an x- and y ng distance B. PLOTTING coordinate plane consists the correspondi

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A

AM 6/21/11 9:01

1 New.indd

3

2 1 New.indd

To order: Call 1-888-318-2665 Fax 1-877-716-7272

13

INDEX

INDEX

A

14

Accounting, Quick Access Chart, 12 Accuplacer, Bob Miller’s Math Prep for the, 9 Accuplacer, Doug French’s Verbal Prep for the, 9 ACT Assessment Plus Writing Test, 8 ACT, Bob Miller’s Math for the, 8 ACT Strategy Smart, 8 Algebra I, Quick Access Chart, 12 Algebra II, Quick Access Chart, 12 Algebraic Equations, Quick Access Chart, 12 American History I, Quick Access Chart, 12 American History II, Quick Access Chart, 12 Anatomy I, Quick Access Chart, 12 Anatomy II, Quick Access Chart, 12 Animal Farm, MAXnotes, 11 Antony and Cleopatra, MAXnotes, 11 AP Art History, 7 AP Art History, Crash Course, 6 AP Biology, All Access, 4 AP Biology, Crash Course, 6 AP Calculus AB & BC, All Access, 4 AP Calculus AB & BC, Crash Course, 6 AP Chemistry, All Access, 4 AP Chemistry, Crash Course, 6 AP English Language & Composition, All Access, 4 AP English Language & Composition, Crash Course, 6 AP English Literature & Composition, Crash Course, 6 AP Environmental Science, All Access, 4 AP Environmental Science, Crash Course, 6 AP European History, All Access, 4 AP European History, Crash Course, 6 AP European History, Flashcards, 7 AP French Language & Culture, All Access, 4 AP Human Geography, All Access, 4 AP Human Geography, Crash Course, 6 AP Latin Vergil, 7 AP Macroeconomics, Crash Course, 6 AP Microeconomics & Macroeconomics, All Access, 4 AP Microeconomics, Crash Course, 6 AP Physics B & C, 7 AP Physics B, Crash Course, 6 AP Psychology, All Access, 4 AP Psychology, Crash Course, 6 AP Spanish Language & Culture, All Access, 4 AP Statistics, All Access, 4 AP Statistics, Crash Course, 6 AP U.S. Government & Politics, All Access, 4 AP U.S. Government & Politics, Crash Course, 6 AP United States History, All Access, 4 AP United States History, Crash Course, 6 AP United States History, Flashcards, 7 AP World History, All Access, 4 AP World History, Crash Course, 6 AP World History, Flashcards, 7 As You Like It, MAXnotes, 11 ASVAB AFQT, Crash Course, 9 ASVAB, Flashcards, 9 ASVAB, Your Total Solution 9 Autobiography of Malcolm X, The, MAXnotes, 11

B

I

R

Beloved, MAXnotes, 11 Biology, Quick Access Chart, 12

Iliad, The, MAXnotes, 11

C

Jane Eyre, MAXnotes, 11 Julius Caesar, MAXnotes, 11

Raisin in the Sun, A, MAXnotes, 11 Richard II, MAXnotes, 11 Romeo and Juliet, MAXnotes, 11

Calculus, Quick Access Chart, 12 Canterbury Tales, The, MAXnotes, 11 Chemistry, Quick Access Chart, 12 Chemistry Equations & Answers, Quick Access Chart, 12 Common Core State Standards: PARCC Assessments: ELA Literacy Grades 6-8, 3 PARCC Assessments: ELA Literacy Grades 9-12, 3 Color Purple, The, MAXnotes, 11 COMPASS, Bob Miller’s Math Prep for the, 9 COMPASS, Doug French’s Verbal Prep for the, 9

E Emma, MAXnotes, 11 English the American Way: A Fun ESL Guide to Language and Culture, 9 English Composition & Style, Quick Access Chart, 12 English Grammar & Punctuation, Quick Access Chart, 12 ESL Beginner, 9 ESL Grammar: Intermediate & Advanced, 9 ESL Mathematics for Standardized Tests, 9 ESL Vocabulary Flashcards, 9 ESL Writing: Intermediate & Advanced, 9 Essays & Term Papers, Quick Access Chart, 12 Excel 2007, Quick Access Chart, 12

F Finance, Quick Access Chart, 12 Frankenstein, MAXnotes, 11 French Grammar, Quick Access Chart, 12 French Vocabulary, Quick Access Chart, 12

G GED® Math Test Tutor, 9 GED® Test, REA's Total Solution for the, 9 Geometry I, Quick Access Chart, 12 Geometry II, Quick Access Chart, 12 German Grammar, Quick Access Chart, 12 Gone with the Wind, MAXnotes, 11 Grapes of Wrath, The, MAXnotes, 11 Great Expectations, MAXnotes, 11 Great Gatsby, The, MAXnotes, 11 Guide to Literary Terms, MAXnotes, 11 Gulliver’s Travels, MAXnotes, 11

J

K King Lear, MAXnotes, 11

L Les Misérables, MAXnotes, 11 Lord of the Flies, MAXnotes, 11

M Macbeth, MAXnotes, 11 Math Review, Quick Access Chart, 12 Medical Abbreviations & Acronyms, Quick Access Chart, 12 Medical Terms: The Basics, Quick Access Chart, 12 Medical Terms: The Body, Quick Access Chart, 12 Midsummer Night’s Dream, A, MAXnotes, 11 Much Ado About Nothing, MAXnotes, 11 Muscular System, Quick Access Chart, 12

N 1984, MAXnotes, 11 Nursing, Quick Access Chart, 12 Nutrition, Quick Access Chart, 12

O

S SAT, 7 Days to a Better Score, 8 SAT, Your Total Solution, 8 SAT, Vocabulary Flashcards, 8 SAT Subject Test: Biology E/M, Crash Course, 8 SAT Subject Test: Chemistry, Crash Course, 8 SAT Subject Test: Latin, 8 SAT Subject Test: Literature, 8 SAT Subject Test: Math Level 2, Crash Course, 8 SAT Subject Test: Spanish, 8 SAT Subject Test: U.S. History, 8 SAT U.S. History, Flashcards, 8 SAT Subject Test: World History, 8 Skeletal System, Quick Access Chart, 12 Spanish Conversation, Quick Access Chart, 12 Spanish Grammar, Quick Access Chart, 12 Spanish Verbs, Quick Access Chart, 12 Spanish Vocabulary, Quick Access Chart, 12

T Tale of Two Cities, A, MAXnotes, 11 Taming of the Shrew, The, MAXnotes, 11 Tempest, The, MAXnotes, 11 Tess of the D’Urbervilles, MAXnotes, 11 To Kill a Mockingbird, MAXnotes, 11 Trigonometry, Quick Access Chart, 12

Of Mice and Men, MAXnotes, 11 Othello, MAXnotes, 11 Outlook 2007, Quick Access Chart, 12

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PARCC Assessments: ELA Literacy Grades 6-8, 3 PARCC Assessments: ELA Literacy Grades 9-12, 3 Periodic Table, Quick Access Chart, 12 Physics, Quick Access Chart, 12 Physics Equations & Answers, Quick Access Chart, 12 PowerPoint 2007, Quick Access Chart, 12 Precalculus, Quick Access Chart, 12 Pride and Prejudice, MAXnotes, 11 PSAT/NMSQT, Your Total Solution, 8 Psychology, Quick Access Chart, 12

Vista, Quick Access Chart, 12 Vitamins & Minerals, Quick Access Chart, 12

U.S. Government, Quick Access Chart, 12

W Weights & Measures, Quick Access Chart, 12 Windows 7, Quick Access Chart, 12 Windows 8, Quick Access Chart, 12 Word 2007, Quick Access Chart, 12

H Hamlet, MAXnotes, 11 Henry IV, Part I, MAXnotes, 11 Henry V, MAXnotes, 11 HTML, Quick Access Chart, 12

Classroom Library Company

www.classroomlibrarycompany.com

CLASSROOM LIBRARY COMPANY

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3901 Union Boulevard • Suite 155 • St. Louis, MO 63115 toll-free: 1-888-318-2665 toll-free fax: 1-877-716-7272 sales@classroomlibrarycompany.com www.classroomlibrarycompany.com

CLASSROOM LIBRARY COMPANY Terms Customer Service

We are committed to making every effort possible to provide our customers with a positive experience. If for any reason you are not satisfied with your order, please contact us within 30 days and we will happily assist you.

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Phone: 1-888-318-2665 Fax: 1-877-716-7272 Email: sales@classroomlibrarycompany.com Mail: 3901 Union Blvd., Suite 155 St. Louis, MO 63115

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• Damaged, marked, stamped, or Magic Bound products are non-returnable.