BIM Report

The Leeds School of Architecture, Leeds Beckett University MArch Years 1 & 2 / Level 7 / 2015-16 Professional Studies / Student-Led Research And Presentation-Workshops & Reports

BIM Summary This report is the concluding element of the Masters of Architecture Professional Studies presentation workshops following the group presentation previously completed on the [28th October 2015] on the subject of BIM.

Group members: Ben Lillywhite Dominic Kennedy Mark Osten Rufina Mukhametzyanova Oluchi Onwuchekwa

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Document Word Count: Submission Date:

3,592 25th January 2016

Contents

MArchPS_06_BIM_15-16

CONTENTS

Abstract

1

Introduction

2

BIM Levels

3

BIM alongside the ‘RIBA Plan of Work 2013’

8

Industry Standards

9

COBie

11

Conclusion

12

References _______________________________________________ 14

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Abstract Building Information Modeling (BIM) is now the recognised approach to design, construction, and facility management in the built environment. This process is realised through digital representations of the building process and is used to facilitate the exchange and interoperability of information in digital format. BIM is now beginning to change the way buildings look, the way they function, and the ways in which they are designed and built.

The aim of this report will be to look into the fundamentals of BIM technologies, the business and organisational issues associated with its execution, as well as the advantages that effective use of BIM can provide to all members of a project team, not just the architect.

In 2016 the UK Government has outlined requirements for all public funded projects to meet a new standard of BIM - BIM Level 2. This means that the requirement for the building industry to recognise these ideals quickly will be crucial for such projects to be realised, as the economy starts to rebuild itself once again.

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Introduction Building Information Management (BIM) is a process for creating and managing all of the information on a project -- before, during and after construction. The output of this process is the Building Information Model, the digital description of every aspect of the built asset.

BIM should not be confused with 3D 'modelling', instead it is a way of managing the work of a design team where all team members work to the same standards as one another. BIM creates value through collaboration, which delivers better resolved solutions, faster project delivery, reduced risk, and reduced waste and enhanced sustainability. BIM saves time and money throughout the lifecycle of a building.

This report will holistically investigate BIM, looking into the maturity levels, and utilization throughout construction projects. Research will then take place into how it will then work alongside the RIBA stages of work, and utilized by the client for the remainder of its lifecycle once construction is complete.

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BIM Maturity Levels

Figure 1 BIM maturity levels diagram

The concept of 'BIM Maturity levels' (figure 1) and 'BIM level 2 compliance' has become the accepted definition of what criteria are required to be deemed BIM compliant. The adoption process is best viewed as a series of 'steps in a journey' which has taken the construction industry from the drawing board into the digital age.

Level 0 is a starting point of using digital technologies. In its simplest form, level 0 effectively means no collaboration. You only distribute your digital project information with your design team, outside your design team you distribute your work in hardcopy of pdf files.

Level 0 means using unmanaged 2D CAD, mainly for Production Information (RIBA Plan of Work 2013 stage 4). Output and distribution is via paper or electronic prints, or a mixture of both. According to the NBS National BIM report, the majority of the industry is already well ahead of this now.

Level 1 is typically comprises a mixture of 3D CAD for concept work, and 2D for drafting of statutory approval documentation and Production Information. Many organizations are currently operating at this level although there is no collaboration between different disciplines - each publishes and maintains its own data.

For the Level 1 BIM you distribute your digital project information inside your office, but outside you are still using hardcopy or pdf format.

BIM Level 2 sees the advantages of BIM most efficiently utilized. At Level 2, 3D models are used throughout the construction process with all of the design team members having their own 3D models. This enables them to share their work in a 3D environment and detect any clashes which may occur (Synchro Systems, 2013).

BIM is not simply modelling 1 , but information management; at level 2 a multitude of information is stored within a single model, such as in an architectural Figure 2 Diagram of design team members’ models model wall construction build up and material properties 1 However, this is how AutoDesk, a market leader in CAD software, have been advertising BIM. Group F

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would be inherent (NBS, 2014). This will assist in the entire process, as for example, a quantity surveyor will be able to quickly and accurately get measurements of a particular wall type or the area of a certain carpet 2; or that the facilities management will be able to see a particular ducting route for ventilation.

BIM models are more than merely graphical, they hold within them a substantial amount of information. For example, door and window schedules can be quickly and accurately produced, giving all of the types within a project, as well as specifications such as glass pane thicknesses.

These elements may also have 4D (time) & 5D (cost) information (Synchro Systems, 2013). Therefore, it is possible to deduce at what phase a door will be required and how much it is, for example.

One of the main advantages of BIM is the collaborative working aspect; with Level 2 giving everyone clear ownership and responsibility of their models and area of work. It is up to everyone in the design team to ensure that they publicly share their model on a regular basis3, and make other design team members aware of any changes, as failing to do this is where the whole system could fail. By sharing a model more frequently, everyone can work safer in the knowledge that the information that they have is more up to date.

To help with this, new roles are to be created: An Information Manager, who has no design responsibilities, with their sole focus on ensuring that the correct information is produced and on time by the whole design team. Whereas the BIM coordinator, another role to be created, has design responsibilities and ensures that any clashes are resolved quickly. The two positions can be, although not limited to, the Lead Designer or Project Manager. Creating these new roles, as well as the ones produced by the new CDM regulations, it appears as though a greater amount of responsibility is being brought back to the profession, suggesting that fees should increase too4.

As the UK’s largest client, the British Government have substantial sway amongst large contractors.

They have set a deadline of April 2016, by which time all publicly funded projects; e.g. schools, hospitals, public infrastructure, should be produced using BIM technologies. However, advancing to BIM from CAD, will be a lot greater leap that from hand drawing to CAD. Despite a lot of the industry already working to BIM Level 2, there is still a significant proportion of companies who use 2D drawings tools. This may mean that the larger companies, who are trained and can afford BIM technologies, continue to grow, whilst the smaller companies almost create a ‘‘second tier’’ of architectural practices.

2 A bill of quantities will be quickly generated by the model, automatically updated whenever an item within the model changes, e.g. a new door being added.

3 Several online project hosting websites are now being created, such as 4 Projects, with AutoDesk also creating their own.

4 Although this may not be the case in a competitive market.

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Figure 3 BIM construction method.

Figure 4 BIM construction method.

The traditional way of design and construction (Figure 3) is a very linear process and often time consuming, as time is set aside to go through the co-ordination process (NBS, 2014). Subcontractors are included at a late state, often leading to duplication of information and review of difficult details. The Level 2 method (Figure 4) includes everyone from an early stage meaning any clashes can be detected earlier, time is saved and problems can be solved quicker.

By producing models in a digital environment, the models can be tested and analysed before construction. Structural analysis, lighting levels, how much sun will reach the building when considering surrounding buildings can all be tested for, in a number of iterations, to help produce a better and more efficient scheme.

Figure 5 Model and realistic view

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Figure 6 Diagram of design team members’ models

Level 3 utilises a single, central model, stored in a cloud service or server, from which every member of the design team downloads their own local copy; compared to Level 2, which consisted of individual models (BIM Talk, 2015). BIM Level 3 is still in the earlier stages and has a lot of details to be finalised before it can be fully adopted, with the Government aiming for a 2019 launch.

With only the one central model, this therefore means that duplication should be further reduced and clash detection is enhanced. However, the system relies heavily upon the internet, meaning that the internet service infrastructure will need to vastly improve to accommodate the amount of data required.

As well as 4D & 5D, there is an additional 6D element, ‘Facilities Management’ (FM). This means that the model will be utilised by the client at ‘In Use’ stage. However, the software currently used

by FM managers will need to be substantially improved to work with current BIM models.

In general terms, the industry is reacting slowly to BIM Level 2. The RIBA describes that the greatest challenge will arrive when moving from Level 2 to Level 3. There are doubts and confusion with how team approach the software challenges, collaborations, and legal aspects. This is a slight concern when considering that the deadline for BIM Level 3 is currently 2019. At present, there is a lot of dispute within the industry as to who will have ultimate responsibility and ownership over the models. This may cause an increase in the amount of disputes and legal battles.

Part of what the government and industry are currently working on is a new contractual framework to overcome these legal responsibilities. However, this has not been finalised and will only be required by publicly funded projects, although private schemes may wish to use it, as practices and the industry become more familiar to this new method of collaboration and working.

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BIM alongside the ‘RIBA Plan of Work 2013’

Figure 7 BIM alongside RIBA

BIM is an integral part of the ‘RIBA Plan of Work’ 2013. A section is dedicated to what is required from a BIM aspect at each stage. This indicates to different parties involved what is required. For example, at stage 1 the client is supposed to be advised on the purpose of BIM, outlining the benefits and implications. Further on at initial design stages 2 and 3 data sharing between the independent design teams are outlined and models created can be coordinated between the relevant design teams.

As the project progresses into construction stages 4 and 5, the level of data becomes increasingly detailed. Specifications are added to model families such as the supplier, costs and materiality to help inform the design team. Finally there is also a use for BIM at stage, the ‘In Use’ stage whereby the facilities management of a given development can use the model as a reference if there is a requirement for locating specifications for replacing furniture, doors, windows, etc.

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Industry Standards To allow BIM Level 2 and 3 to be achieved, the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) 5 data model format was created. Utilisation of IFC file formats enable the project design teams to collaborate in Level 2 and 3. Comparable to a PDF format, IFC is a universal file format that can be opened by all parties, regardless of BIM software package they are using. Various software packages can implement these IFC files. These include: Autodesk Revit, Graphisoft Archicad and Bentley Microstation as the main industry leaders. Although the different softwares utilise their own file types, such as ‘.rvt' files in Revit for instance, they can be exported to an IFC file format for maximum compatibility.

This enables the transferral of drawings and models across to different members of the design team, meaning that everyone can stay up to speed with the design processes. This breakthrough for BIM software means that all the design are connected and the job becomes more efficient.

BIM becomes highly interoperable as the BIM level increases. A few quick examples of this interoperability include effective analysis of the project model to determine structural stability from a structural engineer’s perspective. A light engineer can run analysis model to determine correct lux levels and lighting spec. Advanced use of the design model enables the user to calculate how high the environmental benefits of a green roof may be if the client requires high environmental credentials. If there are bespoke elements such as custom curtain walling which may not be off the shelf specification, a fabricator can use the model as a reference point to accurately draw details for construction. Quantity surveyors can also use a BIM model’s schedule takeoff to quickly calculate elements such as windows, doors, furniture, etc. to quickly estimate costs. A relatively new aspect, one which is in earlier stages than some of the previous examples mentioned is the topography.

Draining calculations can be executed through a BIM model more accurately than ever before.

5

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BIM Protocol To implement BIM effectively, there must be common ground. From an office stance, this is likely to start with the successful execution of a set of BIM Protocols, or Execution Plans. The protocols act as an agreement for all members of the design team working on the project, aiming to regulate the vast information flow for all involved. Therefore, implementation at the earliest stage possible is desired for smooth running of the project.

As part of the UK government’s aim for all public funded projects to be achieved using Level 2 BIM, the government has outlined how it is to be strategically implemented in transition. While the ultimate goal remains Level 3 standard by 2019, understanding Level 2 remains a priority, with the target of 2016 fast approaching. Following the Government Construction Strategy in 2011, the BIM Task Group, a UK Government initiative, was formed to provide a guidance to the change in the next decade or so.

To help architectural practices to construct their protocol, AEC UK 6 produced the Project BIM Execution Plan, this was first released in November 2009. As technology, such as BIM has surfaced, the focus of AEC has been shifted to address methods of execution, given that much of the government documents can be long, and technically worded. The simplified document, works from government outlines. This acts as a template for architectural practices to work from to produce its own set of protocols.

The protocol itself may be distributed as either hard copy or digital, ranging in length 7 according to the depth the company choosing to divulge in. The theory behind the document is well supported, though in practice can all too often be forgotten. This is contributing pressure to achieving the 2016 & 2019 goals. A protocol should start by having a clear outline of the naming and numbering conventions of files and folders and must cover every relevant aspect which may be subject to being lost in translation across parties.

BIM Protocols help to define how members of the design team will collaborate effectively in sharing information relevant to the project, adding a transparency. In working to protocols effectively, there should be a clear correlation in efficiency, and deliverability, not to mention cost savings due to this.

Successful application of protocols will also enable the ability to extract and share data relevant for different facilities managements teams in a format such as COBie.

6

Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC UK) are not affiliated with the UK Government or the RIBA, they act as a translator for the government strategy, having formed in 2000 aiming to address CAD layering conventions 7 Larger practices more likely to have more information stored within their protocol, due to the scale of their work Group F

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COBie Construction Operations Building information exchange (COBie) is an information exchange specification for the life-cycle capture and delivery of information needed. It can be used in many different programs currently available to document both Buildings and Infrastructure assets. COBie can be viewed in design, construction, and maintenance software as well as in simple spreadsheets.

This flexibility allows COBie to be used on all projects regardless of size and technological complexity. COBie helps to capture and take records of important project data at the point of origin, including equipment lists, product data sheets, warranties, spare parts lists and preventive maintenance schedules. This information is necessary to support operations, maintenance and asset management once the built asset is in service.

The COBie information can be either be kept as delivered, or held in ordinary databases, or it can be loaded into existing Facility Management and Operations applications, either automatically or using simple copy-and-pasting. The owner should be clear about the purposes for which the information is required and about the timing and content of any interim deliveries.

COBie data is just information in text and numbers, it doesn’t include geometric information.

Because it is for COBie data is supposed to only contain information about ‘‘managed assets’’.

Examples of these assets include ones that require management, on-going maintenance, have consumable parts and requires regular periodic inspections. Therefore COBie is not intended to exchange all information about a building. For example it is not meant to include information about flow systems like air conditioning systems or water pipework.

Data sharing gives provision for the sharing of data among facility management tools, such as BIM authoring tools, computerized maintenance management systems (CMMS) and computer-aided facility management (CAFM) software.

Managers can use it to clean up and collect data before an upgrade. Using COBie, it is not necessary to obtain a registered vendor spreadsheet to support data collection and population. Instead, data collected in a COBie-formatted deliverable is in a recognized industry standard.

Cobie is the most cost-effective way to transfer data after construction to managers because data can be exported from BIM authoring tools and imported into a COBie-capable CMMS. COBIE expects to transform the practices for gathering and assembling product information such as warranties, maintenance manuals, spare parts, special tools, etc. from paper-based to electronic data exchange from the original source to the final user.

Specific COBIE objectives are to provide a simple format for real-time information exchange for existing design and construction contract deliverables. Another objective is to evidently identify requirements and responsibilities for business processes. It can also cost less than current paperbased method.

This becomes more acceptable to all large and small contractors, suppliers, owners, etc., as it provides a framework to store information for later interchange/recovery and adds no cost to operations and maintenance.

To create this information, the builder must recreate a significant amount of information that was originally created by designers and manufacturers. For example construction submittals must be copied and bound. Designer data about equipment names and location must be recreated. The builder must conduct a site survey at the end of the project to obtain equipment serial numbers captured on delivery tickets.

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At the financial completion of construction projects, the construction manager typically delivers documents to the facilities manager, either as hard copy or digital, to maintain, operate, and track assets within the building. More often than not, however, this information is delivered months or years after the building has been occupied and placed in a storage room where it is never used.

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Conclusion This report has looked into the fundamentals of BIM, its ideologies and why it is so important in the construction industry that has changed dramatically over the past decade. It is evident that BIM brings many advantages to the lifetime of a job, of any scale in terms of saving time and money.

As mentioned earlier, it must be stated that BIM isn’t just solely the notion of improved software or 3D images; the improvement of managed data built inherently into the program allows for further data to be shared for the relevant members of the design team. This is beneficial as more data can be found quickly in one place and updated simultaneously as aspects develop.

From an organisational perspective, utilisation of BIM with advanced CAD softwares such as Revit have increased efficiency of a given task, reducing anomalies between drawings which were previously prevalent in less sophisticated drafting programs. With the advent of interoperable filetypes such as IFC, this has also allowed for maximum compatibility for all members of the design team, saving on the key ideals, time and money.

BIM has worked alongside software but the integration into other recognisable aspects such as the RIBA Plan of Work has been a positive for getting the industry acquainted with the concept. The intention of this is to familiarise the client, contractor and design team with this method of work.

The implementation of BIM Protocol and COBie have been utilised by practices to ensure a thorough description of project as it develops from early stages through to practical completion. If such protocols are adhered to and addressed, this can be highly beneficial for a given party looking to record or investigate given issue, if such a thing may occur. Through more rigorous organisation of documenting elaborate files, the notion of time and money can be saved, as well as accountability.

However, this may not be so straightforward this element of the project could be seen as subjective, as individuals or companies have protocols of their own which are respected. As these are merely just guidelines, they are not enforceable notions, which means the implementation of BIM Protocol or COBie may not be utilised to their greatest potential, if they even feature at all.

It could be argued that the biggest drawback of BIM is not what BIM is, but how well the industry has responded to it. It is clear that BIM has the potential to be a powerful tool that would be to the benefit of everyone involved in the building process, at all scales in all sectors. And this is what is possibly what is perhaps disconcerting for many practices, especially smaller ones, in that the notion of BIM is too overwhelming to even make a small step in the right direction. With government guidelines for BIM level 2 just around the corner, it is fair to say that the industry is not completely ready as an entirety to undertake this seemingly large step forward which is unfortunate when considering the great benefits BIM will eventually bring to architecture if and when it finally becomes commonplace for everyone.

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References

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References http://www.building4change.com/article.jsp?id=2591#.Vha7ivlViko http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Employer%27s_information_requirements_for_BIM http://assemblesystems.com/product/share/ http://blog.synchroltd.com/10-points-and-the-benefits-of-bim http://www.3dasystems.com/blog/3da-systems-acrobat-3d-pdf-technology-autodesk-revit-2015/ http://www.bimplus.co.uk/client_media/images/xshutterstock_44418931.jpg.pagespeed.ic.X4CmL W1J2e.jpg http://www.southbim.com/uploads/1/9/6/9/19696809/allister_lewis.pdf Aconex, No date. What is BIM? [online] Available at: <http://www.aconex.com/what-is-BIM> [Accessed 15 January 2016].

(Aconex, No date) NBS, 2014.

BIM levels explained. [online] Available at: <http://www.thenbs.com/topics/bim/articles/bim-levels-explained.asp> [Accessed 15 January 2016].

(NBS, 2014) Building product search, No date. The route to BIM in 10 steps. [online] Available at: <http://www.building.co.uk/the-route-to-bim-in-10-steps/5049305.article > [Accessed 15 January 2016].

(BPS, No data)

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Presentation

PROFESSIONAL STUDIES TOPIC 6: BIM GROUP F BEN LILLYWHITE DOMINIC KENNEDY MARK OSTEN ONWUCHEKWA OLUCHI RUFINA MUKHAMETZYANOVA

CONTENTS Introduction Levels Benefits / Drawbacks of BIM How can we use BIM? BIM & RIBA Plan of Work 2013 BIM Protocols COBie Future of BIM Conclusion References

WHAT IS BIM?

Building Information Management (BIM) is the process and practice of virtual design and construction throughout its life cycle.

The output of this process is the Building Information Model, the digital description of every aspect of the built asset.

BIM LEVELS

The concept of “BIM Maturity Levels” has become the accepted definition of what criteria are required to be deemed BIM compliant.

The adoption process is best viewed as series of “steps in a journey” which has taken the construction industry from the drawing board into the digital age.

BIM LEVEL 0

In its simplest form, level 0 effectively means no collaboration.

2D CAD drafting only is utilized, mainly for Production Information (RIBA Plan of Work 2013 stage 4).

Output and distribution is via paper or electronic prints, or a mixture of both.

According to the NBS National BIM Report, the majority of the industry is already well ahead of this now.

BIM LEVEL 1

This typically comprises a mixture of 3D CAD for concept work, and 2D for drafting of statutory approval documentation and Production Information.Level 1 BIM acknowledges the increased use of both 2D and 3D information on projects.

For architects, 3D software has increasingly been used as a conceptual design tool during the early project stages (typically RIBA stages C & D) and for visualization of the finished project for presentation to the client.

Many organizations are currently operating at this level although there is no collaboration between different disciplines - each publishes and maintains itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own data.

BIM LEVEL 2

By April 2016, will be compulsory for all Public construction projects - As the UKâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest Client, the Government has substantial sway.

Collaborative working - members of the design/ construction team have their own, independent 3D models, which they then share with each other.

Not simply a graphical model, non graphical data has to be included, such as performance requirements and associated documentation.

The models have a clear author and owner. Everyone is responsible for their own models and are to make others aware of any updates.

The models may include additional information such as 4D (sequencing) and 5D (costs).

4D

5D

BIM LEVEL 2 Comparing traditional construction methods against BIM level 2 method helps to show how coordination and efficiency is improved.

Project Team

Subcontractors & Suppliers

Project Team

Coordination

Client / Project Requirement

Information Produced

Client / Project Requirement

Contractor

Model Contractor

Building

Manuals / FM / Client

Subcontractors & Suppliers

Manuals / FM / Client

Building

Traditional Method was a very linear process that often resulted in duplication wasting efficiency.

BIM method involves collaborative working.

BIM LEVEL 2 BIM Execution Plan (BEP) is produced from the outset to inform the project team what is required and how it is achieved.

Requires an Information Manager - A procedural gate-keeper, although no design responsibilities An overhaul of the design process - Hand drawing to CAD merely automated the process; BIM models will include information on all components within the model, containing it within databases.

By producing models that can be tested virtually before being constructed, problems encountered during the build are reduced.

Manufacturers are constructing families containing all required information, to ensure that when these are placed in the model that everything is correct.

BIM LEVEL 3 The Governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s target date for implementation is 2019 for Public sector projects although some dispute over this.

Integrated working - One central model, stored remotely, that the design team work from.

Working from one central model, duplication is reduced and clash detection is greatly increased.

Nervousness in the industry due to copyright and ownership - who has ultimate responsibility for the model?

Will utilise 4D, 5D & 6D - Sequencing, costs and facilities management. This information is informed by the Employers Information Requirement (EIR).

Must comply with Industry Foundation Class (IFC).

4D

5D

6D

BIM LEVEL 3 Ownership of information becomes a legal issue - new contractual framework needs to be devised.

Inclusion of facilities management through BIM may require new/ significantly updating software.

“The greatest BIM challenges arrive when moving from Level 2 to Level 3 and the perceived “holy grail” of the single project model.”

RIBA Digital Built Britain gives a vision for BIM level 3, however significantly more detail is required.

BENEFITS OF USING BIM As all information and data is in a neutral format, the majority of programs recognise the format.

An integrated process from the beginning allows everyone to know what the final achievement should be.

By modelling in 3D, it allows everyone to better understand the building and visuals are easier to create. Plans, sections and elevations are automatically updated.

Parametric model means all elements are connected together.

Manufacturers families can be inserted into the model giving additional layers of information.

Results in a data-rich as-built model that the Client can utilise throughout the buildings lifespan.

Lower costs

33%

Faster delivery

50%

reduction in the initial cost of construction and the whole life cost of build assets

reduction in overall time, from inception to completion, for newbuild and refurbished assets

Lower emissions

Improvement in Exports

50%

reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the built environment

50%

reduction in the trade gap between total exports and total imports for construction products and materials

DRAWBACKS OF USING BIM Liscences for the programmes are often expensive, possibly uneconomical for smaller practices. Training and hardware are often expensive as well.

Confusion may arise over responsibilities when BIM level 3 is implemented. Significant contractual changes will be required.

Due to such a collaborative process, any amendments will need notification. If this doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t occur, who has responsibility.

A lot of people work on the model, increasing the possibility of a mistake in another discipline.

Model sizes may become enormous, due to the level of information stored.

HOW CAN WE USE BIM?

IFC (Industry Foundation Classes data model) is a universal file format that can be opened by all parties, regardless of BIM software package they are using.

BIM Softwares

It was developed by buildingSMART to facilitate interoperability in the architecture, engineering and construction industries and is a commonly used file format for BIM.

IFC unites different softwares into a universal file type

ARCHITECT

CONTRACTOR

STRUCTURAL ENGINEER

MECHANICAL ENGINEER

FABRICATOR

SUBCONTRACTOR

Collaborators Connects all design team

More efficient on 4D (time)

Works in a similar way to PDF

BENEFITS OF INTEROPERABILITY IN THE DESIGN PROCESS

schedules of elements such as doors, windows, furniture can quickly help cost estimates

analysis of model to determine structural stability

use of the bespoke curtain walling contractorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s model to develop files, allowing rapid shift from design to fabrication

CASE STUDY

Master model

light engineer can run analysis model to determine correct lux levels and lighting spec

use of design model to calculate how high the environmental benefits of green roof

Drainage engineer can run calculations as design evolves to facilitate excessive rainfall

CASE STUDY

Structural Model - Structural Engineers

CASE STUDY

Mechanical Services Model - Mechanical Engineers

BIM ALONGSIDE THE ‘RIBA PLAN OF WORK 2013’

Advise client on purpose of BIM including benefits and implications.

Initial model sharing with design team to evaluate room areas, environmental performance

Data sharing to coordinate all design team models

Agree BIM level, roles and responsibilities for designers, structural engineers, specialists, etc

Early development for all major elements, with a few concept level BIM objects

Further development of generic and bespoke components

Data export for Planning Application

BIM ALONGSIDE ‘RIBA PLAN OF WORK 2013’

Data export for building control analysis

Finalise ‘End of Construction’ BIM record model and drawings.

Specification on products / elements added to model

Analysis of 4D / 5D data for contract administration

Review construction sequencing (4D time) with nominated contractor

Facilities Management can use BIM model to locate specifications as elements require replacements, etc.

BIM PROTOCOLS BIM protocols / BIM execution plans / BIM planning guides = variable titles, similar content Supplementary legal agreement that is incorporated into professional services appointments and construction contracts by means of a simple amendment The Protocol creates additional obligations and rights for the employer and the contracted party Framework which all parties can recognise at the earliest opportunity Regulating the information flow between the parties - BIM Protocol, central to this

UK GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTATION Government projects to be using Level 2 BIM (3D BIM) by 2016 Level 3 envisages a wholly integrated model accessed by all members of the project team in real time Asset data drop will be used via the COBie UK 2012 framework, which provides for a series of defined data drop stages This strategy represents the outcomes and recommendations for the next stage of the Building Information Modelling journey, building on the standards and savings being delivered by the BIM level 2 initiative BIM Task Group - a UK Government initiative to raise awareness of the BIM programme and requirements Formed 2011, following the publication of The Governemnt Construction Strategy - intention to require: collaborative 3D BIM (with all project and asset information, documentation and data being electronic) on its projects by 2016

AEC (UK) BIM PROTOCOL - PROJECT BIM EXECUTION PLAN

The AEC (UK) BIM Protocol was first released in November 2009

Initiative formed in 2000 to improve the process of design information production, management and exchange - Initially the initiative addressed CAD layering conventions as the primary concern for users of design data As design needs and technology has developed, the initiative has expanded to cover other aspects of design data production and information exchange Independent collective of representatives from various design and construction practices.

We have no official relationship with the government or RIBA The committee is working together to realise a unified, usable, co-ordinated approach to Building Information Modelling in a project environment AEC (UK) BIM Protocol is critical in translating the technical wording of the Governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s BIM Task Group Architectural, Engineering and Construction industry in the UK, shortened as AEC (UK) no affiliation to UK Gov or RIBA

WHAT DOES THE PROTOCOL LOOK LIKE? Variable in title/format/size > One sheet of paper up to 50Mb+ of pdf pages Goal: to capture the BIM working methods in a project The perfect situation is described and a theory is thought through on how the ideal work-flow and working methods would look for a project

Example page extract of a BIM protocol

WHY HAVE A BIM PROTOCOL ?

Define how people will collaborate; through sharing information As previously noted, useful data is only created through the use of consistent and intelligent protocols.

Covers naming and data field entry > validation and modelling standards > data drop requirements Greater collaboration and inter-disciplinary working Efficient / Transferable / Repeatable / Reliable / Insurable / Deliverable / Procurable Export project data directly into facilities management software using agreed protocols such as COBie Successful delivery of Level 2; significant cost savings: ÂŁ840m from construction costs in 2013/4

WHAT IS COBIE? COBie (Construction Operations Building information exchange) COBie is an information exchange specication for the life-cycle capture and delivery of information needed by facility managers.

COBie can be viewed in design, construction, and maintenance software as well as in simple spreadsheets.

This versatility allows COBie to be used all projects regardless of size and technological sophistication.

COBie helps to capture and record important project data at the point of origin, including equipment lists, product data sheets, warranties, spare parts lists and preventive maintenance schedules.

This information is essential to support operations, maintenance and asset management once the built asset is in service.

WHY IS COBIE NEEDED IN THE INDUSTRY? To create this information, the builder must recreate a significant amount of information that was originally created by designers and manufacturers. For example construction submittals must be copied and bound. Designer data about equipment names and location must be recreated.

The builder must conduct a site survey at the end of the project to obtain equipment serial numbers captured on delivery tickets.

What COBie contains COBie data is just information in text and numbers, it doesn’t include geometric information.

Because it is for COBie data is supposed to only contain information about “managed assets”. Assets that: •require management •require (considerable) on-going maintenance •has consumable parts requires regular periodic inspections.

BENEFITS OF COBIE COBie transfers the information needed by the owner/operator to manage their asset efficiently. The principal use-case is therefore the handover of a facility after commissioning of the owner/operator.

Typical questions answered by COBie include: What is the amount of floor space of estate? Classified by building type.

• What is the occupancy level of my estate/per building?

• What is the required plant and equipment maintenance scheduling – preventative and reactive?

• What is my operational cost expected to be?

• What is my as-designed energy use cost expected to be?

• What is my actual energy use?

OBJECTIVES OF COBIE COBIE expects to transform the practices for gathering and assembling product information such as warranties, maintenance manuals, spare parts, special tools, etc. from paper-based to electronic data exchange from the original source to the final user.

Specific COBIE objectives are: * Provide a simple format for real-time information exchange for existing design and construction contract deliverables. * Clearly identify requirements and responsibilities for business processes. * Cost less than current paper-based method * Be acceptable to all large and small contractors, suppliers, owners, etc. * Provide a framework to store information for later exchange/ retrieval; * Add no cost to operations and maintenance; * Permit direct import to ownerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s maintenance management system.

PROCESSES OF COBIE COBie is formal schema that helps organise information about new and existing facilities.

It is general enough that it can be used to document both Buildings and Infrastructure assets.

It is simple enough that it can be transmitted using a spreadsheet.

It is means of sharing structured information, just like CDM and BIM.

COBie Data Structure

HOW IS COBIE USED? At the financial completion of construction projects, the construction manager typically delivers a truck-full of boxes of paper (or CD’s containing e-paper) to the facility manager.

It is assumed that this information can assist the facility manager to maintain, operate, and track assets within the building. More often than not, however, this information is delivered months or years after the building has been occupied and placed in a storage room where it is never used.

At present there is no clear definition regarding the specific information that is issued as part of a stage report. It is the Government’s intention that this changes and work is underway to clarify the information required at each Data Drop, with these being aligned to the project stages. To ascertain the right level of information, the Government is considering the questions that need to be answered at each stage which will enable the construction industry to consider what the Building Model must contain and its level of refinement at a given stage.

THE FUTURE OF BIM

Now BIM seems to become an inevitable future as the UK government has mandated that all centrally-funded work is to be undertaken using BIM by 2016.

This will extend right through the supply chain, from the largest contractor to the smallest supplier, and it is hoped, will lead to the industry-wide adoption of BIM as the benefits become more widely understood.

COBie Data Drop

CONCLUSION

“Ultimately, we are going to have to work slightly differently.”

According to The NBS National BIM Report 2014, 54% are currently using BIM having increased from 31% in 2010 and 95% expect to be using BIM within five years.

The end goal with standards is to get to the “ubiquitous” state where BIM, technology, and connectivity are just a part of how things are done.

REFERENCES What is BIM: Benifits of Building Information Modeling for Construction Managers and BIM Based Scheduling, Mehmet F. Hergunsel, May 2011 BIM Levels: BIM Overlay to the RIBA Outline Plan of Work, Edited by Dale Sinclair, May 2012 BIM Task Group website… http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/cobie-uk-2012 [1] Developing Data-Input Standards for Computerized Maintenance Management Systems, Summary of Symposium/Workshop (1994), FFC Technical Report #123, National Academies Press, Washington, DC. COBIE Overview Briefing: http://nbims.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=352 Draft COBIE Requirements Analysis and Pilot Implementation Standard Specification: http://nbims.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=353 2006-09-20 COBIE Pilot Implementation Spreadsheet: http://nbims.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=357 BIM Future: http://www.zdnet.com/article/the-future-of-construction-meet-bim-or-else/ AEC UK, 2012. AEC (UK) BIM Protocol Project BIM Execution Plan. [online] Available at: <https://aecuk.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/aecukbimprotocol-bimexecutionplan-v2-0.pdf> [Accessed 10 October 2015].

UK Gov, 2015. Policy paper: UK construction industry: digital technology. [online] Available at: <https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-construction-industry-digital-technology> [Accessed 10 October 2015].

NBS, 2015. The BIM Protocol - what’s next?. [online] Available at: <http://www.thenbs.com/topics/bim/articles/TheBIMProtocol-whatsnext.asp> [Accessed 10 October 2015].

Benefits of using BIM: http://www.building4change.com/article.jsp?id=2591#.Vha7ivlViko http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Employer%27s_information_requirements_for_BIM http://assemblesystems.com/product/share/ http://blog.synchroltd.com/10-points-and-the-benefits-of-bim http://www.3dasystems.com/blog/3da-systems-acrobat-3d-pdf-technology-autodesk-revit-2015/ http://www.bimplus.co.uk/client_media/images/xshutterstock_44418931.jpg.pagespeed.ic.X4CmLW1J2e.jpg http://www.southbim.com/uploads/1/9/6/9/19696809/allister_lewis.pdf