Studio Air 2017,SEMSTER1,DAVID WEGMAN ZIJIAN SHI ,784044
Contents Part A Conceptualisation A.0 Introduction A.1 Design Futuring A.2 Design Computation A.3 Composition/Generation A.4 Conclusion A.5 Learning Outcome A.6 Appendix
Part A CONCEPTUA
ALSITION
A.0 INTRODUCTION Hi, My name is Zijian Shi. I am from Beijing, China. Currently, I study architecture in the university of Melbourne as a thirdyear student. Before that, I study lots of science subject such as math, physics, and chemistry in high school. Even these subjects help me to understand the much practical knowledge that happens in the surrounding, I feel that my general idea and thinking is fixed in a special environment. When I have a question, I like to use the logical thinking to answer or solve the problem. So in the future time, I want to study some different things compare to before and expand my thinking mode in a different way. That’s the reason for I choose architecture at initially because it relates to design which can help me to open my mind and generate more interesting idea but not be restricted to tradition thinking way. In the study process of the architecture, I feel that it was a challenge for me because not only the thinking mode is changed, but also it has the basic requirement for you hand drawing and digital software application. I have no experience for that before and feel hard to follow what tutor did in each stage in a tutorial. But I never reduce my enthusiasm for architecture. I persist to practice the drawing and digital software when I free after class. Until now, I am relatively familiar with the software such as CAD, Rhino, and Photoshop, this software as a tool to help me present my creative idea in more beautiful and 3- D way to try maximum possibilities for my design. Also, in the study process, I feel that not only my thinking is changed, but also understand that why architecture is important for human living world gradually. I think that architecture is the direct media to connect human with nature. When human come first, architecture is coming subsequently, architecture should make human to feel free and comfortable. That’s the reason for why architecture needs to have the fluidity with nature because it can let human feel more original with the nature in the world. That was what concluded when I study Tyo Ito project in studio water. I believed this belief can affect me in my future design. Now I am going to generate knowledge of parametric modeling tool and algorithmic thinking through Studio Air and try to create the more impressive design to show the role of digital design in today’s society. I hope I can enjoy the design experience from this studio.
Figure 1. Digital model of the digital design and fabrication work
Figure 2. Physical model of the digital design and fabrication work
A.1 DESIGN FUTURING
CASE STUDY #1 NATIONAL AQUATIC CENTER Architect : PTW Archiects Office Date: 2008 Location: Beijing
Figure 1. Conceptual model of the “ bubble stucture”
Figure 2. Internal steel frame based on “ soap bubbles”
1.Travel China Guide, “ National Aquatics Center” , 2016 <https://www. travelchinaguide.com/attraction/beijing/water-cube.html> 2. Travel China Guide, “ National Aquatics Center” , 2016 https://www. travelchinaguide.com/attraction/beijing/water-cube.html> 3.Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1–16
The idea of the designing of architecture can contribute lots in ongoing disciplinary discourse and culture. It will result in a better life quality for the human and society at large in the future. One of the good examples that correlate to this discussion is the National Aquatics Center. It a by the Australianbased architects PTW and engineering firm Ove Arup in July 2003, which holds the swimming and diving competition during Bejing Olympic games in 2008. This architecture has a very interesting nick name called “water cube”, which has an inseparable relationship with the core idea of the design of the National Aquatics Center. Through the elevation view of the aquatics center, an regular cube shape was presented to people. In tradition, Chinese conceptualized a square Earth and a round Heaven, and this formed the design’s central theme. Moreover, the cube shape dominates ancient urban buildings. Its design is of traditional style to meet all its functional requirements. The “soap bubble” theory was applied by the architects, which inspired by the shape of water molecules. The cube box and the interior space were carved out of the cluster of foam bubbles. The overall appearance of the aquatic center is a cube of water molecules. These” bubbles “was formed by the ETFE membrane which is a highly durable plastic. These “bubble “ membrane not only adorn the appearance of this building but also can provide lighting and thermal energy from the sun and lead into the interior center which can saved lots of electricity center. The another function of that is preventing corrosion of the internal steel members from exposure to the harsh chlorinated aquatic environment. It becomes the first large-scale public project coated with the membrane, and it also has set up a new world record for its massive deployment. People are appreciated with the design of the aquatic center, not only from its design ideas (Bubble theory) but also from its use in the combination of design and nature elements. This project can well educate and engage people to apply the idea in further projects to benefit the society
Figure 3 The colorful light view of the water cube in night
Figure 4 The water cube near the "Bird Nest"
A.1 DESIGN FUTURING
CASE STUDY #2 TAICHUNG METROPOLITAN OPERA
Architect : Tyo Ito Date: 2015 Location: Tai Wan The other architectural project that can respond to nature element is the Taichung metropolitan opera which located in Taiwan, designed by Tyo it. In the design process, Tyo Ito continued to follow his traditional design concept. He designs an open structure which actively engages its surroundings in all directions and creates opportunities for myriad encounters between high art and popular art, artists and visitors, stage and auditorium, interior and exterior. He calls this space the “Sound Cave”. The shape of the sound cave was inspired from the exposed tree house or the cave which was the living space for the original people. He thought that architecture not only needs to provide people with comfort and freedom feeling but also make inter-relationship between the surrounding environment. He thought that architecture is not a border, is the media to connect with human and surrounding nature element. Ito emphasis on the connectedness between each of the function room when he designs the interior space. He explained, “I aimed to create the architecture of this opera house in such a way that the inside and outside are continuous in a like manner to how bodies are connected to nature through organs such as the mouth, nose, and ears.” So he designs and arrange many path ways and steps in the interior of the theatre and engages people to move in the different function space in a free way. Some of the path ways were covered by the transparent glazing, the sunshine energy can come to the interior through the glazing as the natural light in the interior when the time is morning. Because of the unique and innovative design idea from Ito, the construction technique of the theatre become the first kind in the world of architecture and has been seen before in the Taiwanese engineering industry. There is no engineering industry agree to accept work until Lee Ming construction signs the contract with the local government. The main construction technique of the theatre is that placed steel framework on the site and fixed with mesh, then concrete would be poured on the surface. This construction method has been spread in a more widespread way after the construction has been finished, people are more ensure that the concrete technique can apply in much-complicated constructions.
Figure 1. Conceptulal model of the “ Sound Cave”
Figure 2. Transparent glazing design on the path way
1.Marco Rinaldi ,"Taichung Metropolitan Opera House by Toyo Ito",2013 <http://aasarchitecture. com/2014/08/taichung-metropolitan-opera-housetoyo-ito.html>
Like the National Aquatic Center (Water Cube), Taichung Metropolitan opera also had the instrument to save the energy and maintain balance quantity of resource cost in a sustained way. The large roof surface can collect rainwater and filtered for use in irrigation and sprinkling for the landscape plants. Sewage from the facility will be processed in a purification tank and then reused in toilet flushing. The majority material used in the interior design is eco-materials. it will help to limit the environmental load and conserve resources, thereby contributing to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and prevention of global warming.Taichung metropolitan opera can be the symbol of Ito’s project to explore endless possibilities that design can combine with a natural element as a new world shaping force, which can contribute lots on technique in the future project.
Figure 3 The elevation view of the opera
Figure 4 The interior of the 'sound cave'
A.2 DESIGN COMPUTATION CASE STUDY #1 ICD PAVILION
Architect : University of Stuttgart Date: 2011 Location: Germany
Figure 1 +2 The "biolgical form "of the pavilion in digital way
with the progress of the times, there is much new technology continues to emerge. The classic technology that helps us to shape the world is computation. More and more designers like using the computation technique to help them form the idea in an unlimited way and fabricate in the practical production. One of a good example to explain that is the ICD Pavilion, which was designed by Achim Menges in 2011. The purpose of the project is to explore the architectural transfer of biological principles of the sea urchin’s plate skeleton morphology by means of novel computer-based design and simulation methods by computer-controlled manufacturing methods for architectural design. The most innovative part of the design is that designer tries to recognize the bionic principle and relate it to different geometries through the computational process and construct it with extremely thin sheets of plywood to make the complex morphology of the pavilion. The regarding the complex design of the pavilion, the complex morphology of the pavilion become a close digital information loop between the project model. Form finding and pavilion’s structural design are closely interlinked. Through the optimized data control by the computation system, it possible to repeatedly read the complex geometry into a finite element program to analyze and modify the critical points on the model in a flexible way. The bolted joints on the project were also tested experimentally by the precise structural calculations in the computer. The plates and finger joints of each “cell” were produced by the university’s robotic fabrication system. This construction method enabled economical production of large quantities geometrically different components. After the robotic production, the plywood panels were joined together to form the cells. It also provided a thinking of small scale This research pavilion not only offered the opportunity to investigate bionic construction representing in different geometric characteristics while developing classified spatial entities but also prove the computation is the medium to transfer the formative thinking of designer into the convenient fabricated way. It’s a small scale example, however, it results in a logic and form of the design shift to a better condition, base on the computational process.
1. Amy Frearson, " ICD Pavilion Research Pavilion at the university of Stuttgart,2013<https://www.dezeen.com/2011/10/31/icditke-researchpavilion-at-the-university-of-stuttgart/ 2.Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25
Figure 3 The general view of the pavilion
A.2 DESIGN COMPUTATION CASE STUDY #2 M.H. DE YOUNG MUSEUM
Architect : Jacques Herzog & Piere de Meuron Date: 2002 Location: San Fransico The other architecture that applied computation skill is the M.H. De Young museum which was located in San Francisco.Through its unique computation skill. It can prove that the computation skill can help design combined with the natural things ( light) to improve the standard of living and increase the life satisfaction in the future. it was designed by Swiss architects, Jacques Herzog & Pierre de Meuron in late 1990â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s for the purpose of recovering building on the site which destroyed by Loma Prieta earthquake before.this building was open in 2000 as the philanthropic gift for the people of the city. The design of the twisting tower on the part of the museum acts as a symbol of giving the museum a distinctive characteristic from outside view. In the functional space of the museum, it was carefully designed in order to bring the people closer to the environment through gardens and terraces. Herzog and de Meuron have carefully chosen the material like wood, copper, and stone, which can merge the building with surrounding environments. The most interesting part of the building is the copper facade which covered museum in each elevation view. In this design, Herzog and De Meuron developed the idea of a variability perforated screen exterior which can mirror the view of the green forest and San Francisco's central park. At the same time, the mosaic algorithmic process was emerging, but it uses less in the world of architecture. Zahner hired software developers and engineers to assist in this technological advancement. When controlled by computation, the system would allow unique perforation and patterned dimples in variability size which form on the exterior. The computation system gives a maximum free space to help them present their idea in the different arrangement way.the light will filter through the perforated system of holes and revealing shadows similar in shape and form to those of actual trees. This technology was developed a complex series of variable holes in the copper, allowing engineers to run chosen imagery through the algorithmic system, then it will translate it to the thousands of copper plates. This included over 8000 unique panels whose collective whole formed the pattern of light through trees. 1. "De Young of musesum", 2009, <http://www. designbuild-network.com/projects/de_young/>
Refer to the figure of the grasshopper, it can show a simple 3D model of the copper surface on De young museum. When moving the number slide on the left side, the holes on the panel will change easily to intense or dispersive which can describe what engineers do at that time to test the light effect. The flexibility of the command code in computation will also apply to the other project and make more creativity.
Figure 1 The grasshopor code on the test of the coppor surface
Figure 2 The coppor surface
Figure 3 The general view of the museum
A.3 COMPOSITION/GENERATION CASE STUDY #1 VOUSSOIR CLOUD
Architect : Iwamoto Scott Date: 2009 Location: Los Angeles This project is an invited and site specific installation designed for the Architecture gallery in Los Angeles. to These include full-scale fabrications, museum installations and exhibitions, theoretical proposals, design competitions and commissions. The main purpose of the project is to explore the structural paradigm of pure compression coupled with an ultralight material system.With the exploration, Iwamoto Scott and his team started to develop the basic system of the whole structure for the project which is the transformation of the petal shape. However, this design has a complex idea on the installation of the pieces of the pedal. For making the installation become more clear, calculation script is applied occupy a dominant place on the design pedal, compare to the traditional project that other architects did before with diagram drawing and sketches. It can imply that the allographic design allows the designer to extend their abilities to deal with highly complex situations and intellect them to complete more creative design in a convenient way. Through the digital diagram from the engineer making, each piece of the petal has been calculated on curvature precise. The present geometry shape of the pedal is also test in the different mode by engineers such as module folded and module with unfolded to arrange with each other on the digital software followed with each piece. After the
computation arrangement piece of petals, the overall design from the engineer and architects start to apply hanging chain modes to find the efficient form of the whole structure of the project
They use the both computational chain model to refine and adjust the profile lines as catenulate structure. This idea will help to form finding programs and determine the purely compressive vault shapes. Each vault is comprised of a Delaunay tessellation that both capitalize on and confounds the structural logic. The greater cell density of smaller more connective petals will combine together at the column bases and at the vault edges to form strengthened ribs, while the upper vault shell loosens and gains porosity. At the same time, the original material of the petal changed to wood paper instead of masonry. When it produced in the gallery, the vault, and columns that consisting of bunches of three-dimensional petals, which are formed by folding thin wood laminate along curved seams.experienced both from within and from above. The edge of the vaults is determined by the entry soffit and two long gallery walls Spatially, they move form greater density at these edges. Structurally, the vaults rely on each other and the three walls to retain their pure compressive form. The fourteen segmented pieces also resolve to make a series of five columns that support the interior and back edge.This exploration shape of the design is indispensable with the design from the engineer in the parametric as the method of generation.
Figure 1. Transformation of pedal shape 1. "â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Voussoir Cloudâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; by IwamotoScott with Buro Happold", 2009, <http://www.archivenue.com/ voussoir-cloud-by-iwamotoscott-with-buro-happold/>
Figure 2 Interior structure of Voussoir Cloud Figure 4 The general view of the museum
A.3 COMPOSITION/GENERATION CASE STUDY #2 HEYDAR ALIYEV CENTER
Architect : Zaha Hadid Date: 2013 Location: Baku The other project that can argue that the computation skill as the generation process, which can intellect designer of the designer and increase capacity to solve the complex problem is the Heydar Aliyev Center in Baku, which was designed by Zaha Hadid. The design concept of the Heydar Aliyev center creates a continuous, fluid relationship between its surrounding plaza and the building interior. The plaza, as the ground surface of the center which can access all part of Baku’s urban fabric.For this function, it should rise to envelop a balance public interior space and define a sequence of event space to the collective celebration of traditional Azeri culture. On the flow skin part of the design, the formation style such as undulation, bifurcation, folds, and infection has been showing on the architecture and make it to an architecture landscape. It covers the multitude of functions: welcoming, embracing, and directing visitors through different levels of the interior. With this gesture, the center make the conventional differentiation between an architectural object and urban landscape.Also, it should perfectly respond to the site topography. For achieving the purpose of chasing the concepts on the fluidity and continuity this architecture, the most challenging elements of the project was the architectural building’s skin. So the parametric design thinking becomes a potential choice to convert this disadvantage into a new designing idea. So, In this time, Computation can also be fully integrated into the practice and the actual design process, there is no separation between design intent and computational technique. computation is used in a natural or unconscious way. Advanced computing allowed for the continuous control and communication of these complexities among the numerous elements participants. The whole skin of the Aliev Center as the generic form that engineer can use the program to control the pattern change on the formation style. More over, under the complex skin that designed by Zaha Hadid in computation way, the interior structure of the center is also engaged in parametric thinking.In order to achieve large-scale columns space in the interior, the “boot columns” and “dovetail” taper off the cantilever beams which has achieved the inverse peel of the surface from ground to the west part of the building and become a support to the east building. This innovation and complex technology require an advanced technology on the computing skill on the continuous control in this project.
Figure1 +2 Fludity both in exterior and interior 1. Arch daily, " Heydar Aliyev Center / Zaha Hadid Architects ",2013<http://www.archdaily.com/448774/ heydar-aliyev-center-zaha-hadid-architects> 2.Definition of ‘Algorithm’ in Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil, eds (1999). The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (London: MIT Press), pp. 11, 12
Figure 3 + 4 General view of the center
A.4 CONCLUSION Through the whole precedent research from part A, I recoginze that Historically , architects liked to use pen and pencil to form their idea in quick sketch or diagram . However , with the time is changing , people has more creative concept and idea in the design. They recongnize manually drawing has been fall to produce what they want through the design process. It induce people try to explore and update their drawing and model making technology to match their innovitate idea in architectural design. Computation is one of the developed skill that designers try to follw in the earlier stage as the starting point of the innvoation skill. When the computation beome more mature than before,people start to put more algomethric thinking into the digita design and develop some study system which can help designer to explore the unlimate possibilities for how people can shape the world in continous way. The precedent research of the ICD Pavilion is an really good example that state the possibilites of merging between the biological system and design stystem.Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a rarer and complex architectural design that merge the element from interdiscipline field , but the designers did , reference from the computation skill and computer controlling robot fabrication.I believe that computation and algometric idea in the design will be the platform to present the intellect idea from people to explore the unlimate possibilities on the design way. More over, when the whole design system changed through innovation of the computation , designer start to have realize that the architecture should also have the reponding on nature environment,not only from its own sturcure .When the design has been done in the3-D form, the material and sturcture detail has been choose through the caculation from the digital software for the energy saving. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the way that try to explore the sustainability through architecture and make a conitinously way for people shaping in the future.
A.5 LEARNING OUTCOME In general sense, when I go though the precedent reasearch for part A in each week, I start realize that computation technology can help us to generate some innovative idea that t havenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t think before. In past design process , i like to use some sketch and digram to help me to form the design idea. Even I use the Rhino software as my computation skill , I just use it to help me generate my skecth in 3-D model way which can give my direct feeling about what my designs looks like. I agure that the digital software is help you to form your skecthing idea with in 3-D way. However, after I have done the part A precedent research and get to know the algorithmic idea. I want to supplement that computation tool design is not just help you to present your idea in a direct way, but also can help you to generate the innovative idea that you havenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t think before. Because in the parametric design, you will explore the non-existing element and create unlimate possibilities in you future design. That is my self experience when I start test somethig new in Grasshorpor. More over, I was so suprise that how the design field can merge with different subject field. When I study the ICD Pavilion, I found that the design group use the knowledg cell to merge with the construction design through the computation. In more detail , they are not only explore the outcome shape of the biologici things, but also look at how the things form and change during study stage. I thought it can reflect what we did through the air studio session. Our tutor David often emphais that when you look at somethings, the outcome is not really important, you need to focus on the" process" and critiucally study it .That's the key point to help you togenerate your idea and translate to the code in computer. When you finish that, you need to ask " So what " question in your mind. With the combine of the precedent , i feel that the sense of " process" is comming gradually in my mind. I hope I can generate good idea from the study of the "process" and have some new idea in futher.
A.6 APPENDIX Travel China Guide, “ National Aquatics Center” , 2016 https://www. travelchinaguide.com/attraction/beijing/water-cube.html> Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1–16 Marco Rinaldi ,"Taichung Metropolitan Opera House by Toyo I to",2 0 1 3 < ht t p :/ / aas ar c h it e c t ure. c om/2 01 4/ 0 8/ t aic hungmetropolitan-opera-house-toyo-ito.html> Amy Frearson, " ICD Pavilion Research Pavilion at the university of Stuttgart,2013<https://www.dezeen.com/2011/10/31/icditkeresearch-pavilion-at-the-university-of-stuttgart/ Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25 "De Young of musesum", 2009, <http://www.designbuild-network. com/projects/de_young/> ‘Voussoir Cloud’ by IwamotoScott with Buro Happold", 2009, <http:// www.archivenue.com/voussoir-cloud-by-iwamotoscott-with-burohappold/> Arch daily, " Heydar Aliyev Center / Zaha Hadid Architects ",2013<http://www.archdaily.com/448774/heydar-aliyev-centerzaha-hadid-architects> Definition of ‘Algorithm’ in Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil, eds (1999). The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (London: MIT Press), pp. 11, 12