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-BEN RUBY-HUMBER INDUSTRIAL DESIGN-BENINCANADA_33@HOTMAIL.COM-BENRUBYDESIGN.COM-(647) 938 5255-
CONTENT 1.0 2.0
INTRODUCTION 1 Background/ history 2 Social context (lifestyle, demographic, and media trends affecting use) 5 Preliminary problem definition RESEARCH 6 Market research 10 Target user Primary user Secondary User Tertiary User 11 Materials, Manufacturing, Sustainability research 12 Technology Research 13 Safety and Health research 14 Benchmarking; Competitive sector etc.. (expert interview, surveys, observations) 18 User Profile 19 Current products 24 Current User Practice 24 Synopsis
3.0
DATA ANALYSIS 25 Needs Analysis Categorization of needs
4.0
DESIGN STRATEGY 26 Mind Mapping 29 Functional Design Brief 30 Project Schedule
5.0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 33 Preliminary concept exploration (3 distinctly different concepts) 34 Concept Refinement (sketches) 36 Detail Resolution (sketches) 41 Sketch Model (images) 43 Final Design (preliminary sketches/ renderings) 44 CAD Models (images) 46 Hard Model Fabrication History (Photo history with captions) 6.0 FINAL DESIGN 59 Description / Explanation / Benefit Statement 65 Final Cad Renderings 74 Hard Model Photographs 79 Technical drawings
7.0 8.0
REFERENCES 82
I. ii. iii. iv. vi. vii. viii. ix. x.
APPENDIX Topic approval form Advisor agreement form Minutes of advisor meetings / conferences Project plan Survey report Work flow observation report Features / benefits report Other supportive raw data Topic specific data, papers, publications
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS MATTHEW FINBOW First and foremost I would like to thank Matthew Finbow for his brilliant help as a both a thesis advisor and a mentor. The knowledge passed on from him to me is invaluable and it was a privilege to work with him.
BRUCE THOMSON
My professor of four years, automotive, and thesis instructor. Even if your criticism make life a little harder, they yield good results. Thank you for standing behind my design with me throughout this process and nudging me in the right directions
TYLER MACDONALD
Bicycle technician and a peer of mine for four long years at Humber now. Your knowledge of bicycle mechanics has helped me greatly. Thanks for your input and advice throughout this process.
1 .0
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND A quickly growing population has resulted in a more crowded world; this is especially true for cosmopolitan areas across the globe. Technology has made it possible, if not more convenient to live in closer proximity to each other, and in greater numbers than we ever have before. Coupled with a changing environment we are left scrambling to try to find new and innovative solutions to solve urban commuting problems. Traditional answers such as automobiles are becoming expensive, and ineffective in the streets of a super city, and public transportation becomes more fickle and unreliable every day. It’s no surprise then that the population of young urbanites have turned to alternative, previously over looked methods to meet the needs of a modern commuter in a modern city. Primarily and most notably is the recent bicycle, and fixed gear trend that has exploded in popularity with these people. If people are turning back to bikes, then why is it that the e-bike hasn’t changed? Current e-bikes fail to bridge the gap between motorcycles and bikes or meet the needs of its user as well as it could. What is left is a market primed for a new innovative take on commuting in the city.
SOCIAL CONTEXT MEDIA TRENDS AFFECTING USE A for-profit research firm, PikeResearch just recently released a report (June of 2010) which forecasted that the “worldwide electric two-wheel vehicle market is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 9% through 2016” (Research, 2010). Other predictions expect the sales of e-motorcycles, e-bikes, and e-scooters to reach more than 466 million with e-bikes having a 56% share of the market before 2016. Companies such as Sanyo have capitalized on this opportunity by setting up solar parking lots (fig. 1) where e-bike riders can charge their bikes entirely off the grid while at work or running errands. Sanyo says that “the solar parking lot is a completely independent and clean system eliminating the use of fossil fuels” (BikeRadar, 2010). Words like sustainability and green have dominated the headlines for several years now, and current media trends regarding the green movement have resulted in a “push” for alternative transportation methods that utilize alternative fuel sources. This leaves the market primed for the introduction of a new and innovative means of personal transportation.
Fig. 1 - (BikeRadar, 2010) http://cdn.mos.bikeradar.com/images/news/2010/03/17/1268824374162-13qhasszdkrrg-670-70.jpg
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LIFESTYLE TRENDS AFFECTING USE
Most electric bikes in today’s markets may be classified as “zero emissions vehicles”. Electric bikes also have a dramatically lower environmental impact as compared to a more conventional mode of transportation and as generally seen as environmentally desirable in an urban environment. This fits right in with the migration back to the city that we are currently seeing as a result of increasing gas and residence costs. As a result of this, we are seeing entirely new lifestyle emerging from this. These people are generally characterized as being young, urban, and environmentally conscious. They can be anyone from a young business professional who can’t afford a car in the city, to a bicycle enthusiast looking for a more practical commute.
DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS AFFECTING USE The total population of the world has greatly increased, and as a result we become closer to reaching our earth’s carrying capacity. As we grow closer to our planets limitations fossil fuels are depleting and cities are becoming super cities. In these super high density urban living environments commuting becomes more difficult and less time effective. It wasn’t long ago that the majority of the population living in north America relied almost entirely upon the use of a car to get anywhere, but this is becoming impossible. Public transit is also becoming much more expensive as well due to the previously mentioned depletion of natural resources and much less reliable than it used to be due to recent cut backs in funding. If we examine countries that surpass even our own North American densities we see some interesting things. For example, china has become one of the world’s leaders in not only population, but also in the production, sale, and use of e-bikes. According to the data of the China Bicycle Association, also known ass the CBA, “China’s manufacturers sold 7.5 million electric bikes nationwide, domestic sales reached 18 million, and [e-bikes] were thought to make up to 10 to 20 percent of all two wheeled vehicles on the streets of many major cities” (Johnson).The correlation between these two points is an important one as we will soon be turning to countries like them for advice on urban commuting problems.
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PRELIMINARY PROBLEM DEFINITION Cycling has become much more popular in urban areas lately because it is often faster than driving or public transit, more convenient, and environmentally conscious. However, the effort involved in cycling can be demanding for some on a commute to work (resulting in a sweaty employee showing up for work). E – bikes are also becoming much more popular in dense urban environments. They meet the needs of the environmentally conscious, forward thinkers, and cyclist enthusiast yet they fail to bridge the gap between motorcycles and bikes. They are difficult and exhausting to pedal (when trying to charge the battery), unprofessional, unattractive, and fail to meet many needs of the modern day commuter. The underlying problem is that current e-bikes are not as functional as they could be. Current products trying to fill this gap such as mopeds, scooters, and e-bikes aren’t meeting the needs of this new generation of commuter. I propose to develop a vehicle intended for downtown travel that is fully propelled electric bike that integrates technologies and safety features found in motorcycles, while retaining the overall lightness and mobility of a bicycle. The end result will be a vehicle that can take advantage of pre-existing infrastructure and make urbanites commute as easy as possible.
2.0 RESEARCH MARKET RESEARCH Current products that seek to fill the gap left between bikes and motorcycles for the urban commuter can be divided into 3 primary categories; bicycles with aftermarket batteries and motors mounted to them, e-bikes with a somewhat integrated motor and battery but still retain the form and function of a bike, and finally the infamous moped which is much closer to the scooter side of things. Each one of these niches meets different needs for some people while at the same time overlooking certain needs. For example, an e-bike sounds like a good solution for an urban commuter due to its mobility and size, yet they are to act as an “assist� to everyday riding. On the opposite side of this gap, the moped was designed for longer more comfortable travel, but at the cost of convenience, and mobility. (Below) An image of a scooter that I took when observing downtown Toronto. It is clearly too big for sidewalk use and parking.
7E-BIKES
E-BIKES
Standard e-bikes today are more or less the same principle as a regular bike, incorporating traditional aspects of the bicycle such as frames and mechanical aspects with the added benefit of assisted propulsion. Dragon E-bikes is one of a few retail outfits located in Toronto that specializes in e-bikes. On my visit there it became clear that these people were passionate about an idea, which may explain why they are so excited about their product the “Enviro” e-bike (fig 2). The name says it all; people who would want this bike are the hard-core fans of mother earth. The problem is that this group of people’s tastes and needs are not in keeping with the general population. These people are so passionate about Sustainability that they are willing to overlook shortcomings that the average user would not. All the ingredients for a good product are there, it has a powerful enough motor to help you along and make your ride easier, but the wheels are too small which makes travel harder than it needs to be. The battery is strategically positioned in a way that it won’t interfere with the riders balance, but the frame is not favourable for a young urbanite. This product is full of good ideas that are ruined with “buts”.
Fig 2 - Enviro Dragon (dragon e-bikes) http://www.dragonebikes.com/ enviro.html
Fig 3 - (TheDailyGreen) http://www.ezriders.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/wisper-sport-905se.jpg?4c9b33
Fig 4 - 26 Series, Ladies E-Bike A (Ped-
elec) (ebikeFactoryChina) http://ebikefactorychina.com/Ebikes/26_Series_Ladies_EBike_A-Pedelec.JPG
MOPEDS Emmo, on the other hand appeals to a quite different group of people than Dragon e-bikes does. These people like to be comfortable, and the “urban” adheres to that. Being much closer to the scooter category, it is as expected more expensive than its e-bike cousins. That being said, the actual bicycle features are non-existent or just not functional. It is more than a struggle to pedal, is heavy, and uses more energy than it needs too. These symptoms aren’t entirely isolated in the urban however. Mopeds have a long history of being “uncool” in the eyes of the use, which begs the question, why put pedals on in the first place?
Fig-6 Scooters 50cc Gas Motor Mopeds (Happy
Scooters)javascript:openWin(‘https://www.scooterdepot.us/files/prodimages/h_thumbnail/mc_n50.jpg’)
Fig 5- Honda Hobbit PA 50/Camino moped (European market) http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/File:Honda_Hobbit.jpg
Fig-7 Emmo Urban (Emmo E-bikes)http://emmoebikes.com/products/urban.html
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AFTER MARKET SOLUTIONS
Several aftermarket solutions exist today and a growing number of consumers and turning to this answer. Primarily, aftermarket kits consist of a modular motor and battery pack that fit into most existing bikes. When purchased, the user mounts the battery (generally on the down tube) and the motor (rear wheel) in order to get an assist when pedalling. Even though these conversion kits appear to be cheaper than purchasing an e-bike, it remains much less functional. Many users are not educated enough to correctly mount the components, and once again the physics of how the bike rides is drastically changed. Bionx, a division of magna has a line of these kits. They consist of a standard lithium ion battery is contained in a shape that is as natural as possible in order to comply to the many different shapes and colours found in bikes today. In this way, the form becomes an afterthought, and the function must adhere to traditional bike designs.
Fig 8 - Currie Technologies Power Kit
(metaefficient.com) http://metaefficient.zippykidcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/ currie-electric-bike-conversion-kit.jpg
Fig 9 - Bionx Conversion Kit (Bike-
shophub.com)http://www.bikeshophub.com/ wp-content/uploads/bionx-kit.jpg
TARGET USER The target users of this product are young environmentally aware individuals who live and operate in an urban environment. These people are open to alternative methods of transportation, and due to their location they are looking for a product that not only functions to meet their needs in a downtown environment, but also reflects their social and cultural beliefs. Other things that are important to these people are integrated safety and technologies to ease their commute.
PRIMARY USER The primary user of this product would be a young urban commuter who has an interest in cycling as well as being environmentally aware. This user would utilize the product on a day to day basis on their commute with a few exceptions. This implies that the bike would be charged nearly every night and periodically deplete the charge. This means that the chosen technologies must meet these needs and the materials must be durable enough to withstand constant use.
SECONDARY USER A secondary user could be someone who uses the product in a commercial method. Someone like a bicycle currier could greatly benefit from a product as it would give them a boost to their already lighting fast speeds. In order to meet these needs the product should be as light as possible, allowing the user to get up to speed as easily as possible. Another thing to consider in this case would be the charge. In order to make this a viable option for this group of people the product would have to be able to charge as quickly as possible, over a lunch break or between deliveries for example.
TERTIARY USER The tertiary market would consist of a municipality or company that would implement an infrastructure for this product, not unlike Bixi bikes. The demand for additional Bixi stations in Toronto is huge. This extremely popular system is something that this product could expand on. Allowing users to rent bikes without financially committing to purchasing one of their own allows a downtown population to utilize these alternative methods of transportation.
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MATERIALS, MANUFACTURING, SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH
With mobility as a priority, the first material that came to mind was carbon fibre. Carbon fibre is a relatively expensive method of manufacturing but yields amazing strength to weight ratios and is used in many bicycle frames today. It consists of a “Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer or carbon-fiberreinforced plastic (CFRP or CRP or often simply carbon fiber)” (Gullapalli and Wong). This compound was traditionally used in expensive products such as formula 1 cars but has since made it into current products offered to the public such as “sailboats, modern bicycles, and motorcycles” (Gullapalli and Wong). This is a result of cheaper more streamlined manufacturing techniques such as vacuum bagging and molding. Other components such as the saddle and handle bars would be made in a more traditional method. Wrapping these parts in leather would offer the user more comfort, while at the same time paying tribute to conventional bicycle grips and saddles. While these some of the included components can be considered unsustainable, the product as a whole must be taken into consideration. Rather than considering the impact it has, think of the impact it is preventing. A clean burning substitute to traditional means of transportation greatly decreases this products overall footprint, especially when pedalling. Other considerations may be the previously mentioned Sanyo e-bike charging station which fuels the bikes off of 100% clean solar energy. Fig 10- Brooks leather grip tape (brooksengland.com) http://t0.gstatic.com/ images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRlKtwSKcSRScoY oCTBBGphA0RuxzXCLLSALtokGn2OXV 8Td3PZQt_FXmM-
Fig 11- Carbon Fibre Frame (ma-
deinchina.com)http://image.made-in-china. com/2f0j00SeCaPzWyhqrY/Carbon-FibreBicycle-Bike-Frame-and-Fork.jpg
TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH After researching several modes of propulsion I decided upon an “electric” powered solution. This way the user may easily charge their bikes by simply connecting it to an outlet. From this conclusion, the bike must be lightweight and mobile as to be easily carried indoors into the user’s place of residents. As many urbanites reside in apartments, it becomes even more crucial for the bike to be as light weight and easy to carry as possible. Current battery cells are bulky and heavy so I researched into new Nano technologies and found in micro cells called “nanowires” which are a light weight alternative to conventional battery cells. These nanowires are roughly the size of a human hair and may be “stuffed” into a conductive tube to generate power. This allows for a lightweight battery cell that can adapt to any shape or form. Due to its extreme light weight, it becomes possible to store battery cells in the top tube of the bike frame as it will not disrupt the centre of balance with the bicycle. These cells also hold a charge far longer and are recharged much faster. This technology is still relatively new, but is not far from production. There has already been a team that has “succeeded in creating the world’s smallest battery [that is] so small that it was formed inside a transmission electron microscope and consists of a single nanowire (as the battery’s anode) which is one seven-thousandth the thickness of a human hair and the battery reached 10x density on the first charge and plateaued to 8x density on subsequent charges” (Singh, 2010). These nanowires “consist of a stainless steel anode covered in silicon nanowires, to replace the traditional graphite anode. Silicon, which stores ten times more lithium than graphite, allows a far greater energy density on the anode, thus reducing the mass of the battery. The large surface area further allows for fast charging” (Singh, 2010). Fig 12 - Battery in a nanowire (Futu-
rity) http://www.futurity.org/wp-content/ uploads/2011/08/Hybrid_electrochemical_device_Rice_1.jpg
Fig 13 - Lithium-sulfur
and carbon nanowires (autoblog) http://www.blogcdn. com/green.autoblog.com/ media/2010/03/nl-201000504q0004.gif
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SAFETY AND HEALTH RESEARCH
Many people today feel as though biking has become an unsafe activity, especially in a hectic city. Recent efforts to increase the safety and wellbeing of cyclists in Toronto have largely been the implementation of bicycle only lanes, as well as the introduction and enforcement of bicycle helmets. Despite the city’s efforts, “Toronto falling behind pack in averting bicycle collisions, data reveals”. (T.O.). This may be in part accounted for because “It is apparent that mass helmet use is not contributing to the reduction in cyclist fatalities, at least not in any measurable way” (Canada). In fact the Globe and Mail produced an “interactive map of cyclists collisions from 1986 to 2010 there is a sea of pins representing reported collisions by cyclists and colour-coded for injury severity.” (T.O.). Looking at this map is interesting as just about every corner of every street has at least one mark with varying degrees of severity, some even resulting in death. So if the cities implementations of bike lanes and helmets are not as effective as predicted, what is the problem? Are there additional steps that could be taken in order to minimize this number and create a safer environment for cyclists? One aspect that seems to be overlooked is how the bikers are illuminate for night travel. All these people have to distinguish themselves to cars are two reflectors, one at the front and one at the back, that are only effective when direct light has been shone upon them. This leaves the rider with an enormous blind spot on both sides of him. In a hypothetical situation in which a rider is side by side a vehicle, there is nothing alerting that vehicle of the bikers presence. By integrating lights as opposed to reflectors visibility is increased for both parties. The driver knows where the biker is, and the biker can see where they are going.
http://joehorroxlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/bicycle-accident-lawyer1-e1330114118177.jpg
Fig 14 - Bicycle accident (Joe Horax Law)http://joehorroxlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/bicycle-accident-lawyer1-e1330114118177.jpg
EXPERT INTERVIEW NEEDS a.
Can you name some needs that are being met for a daily e-bike commuter?
Very efficient system with 4 proportional assist modes depending on terrain, and generate/ regenerative braking mode. Short to extremely long range batteries available, from about 45-105km, each with different weights. A compact power supply that fits into a seat bag or backpack. b.
How is it that your product benefits a downtown commute/ meet the needs of a city commuter?
You arrive to work, possibly even wearing your work clothes, not sweaty. You aren’t stressed from being stuck in traffic. It is an affordable alternative to a car. A bicycle commute allows you the flexibility to leave when you want like an automobile, but arrive on time which often isn’t the case with public transit. And of course, all the other benefits of riding an electric bicycle over a car; environmentally friendly, no insurance, no license, no gas, exercise, extremely low maintenance. The battery and console are easily removable, and less of a target for bike thieves. It is as easy to change a flat on a BionX system as it is any other bicycle. And unlike a scooter, when the battery on an electric bike runs out you can still ride home. c.
Both Emmo, and Urban are competitors, how do you differentiate yourself from them?
The Emmo and Urban products are both designed to be more like traditional scooters than BionX products. BionX makes e-bike retrofit kits that can be added to any regular bicycle to transform it into an e-bike. BionX was designed to keep an electric bike like a bicycle. Emmo and Urban are also offering a low end product, where we offer a high end, high quality, reliable product with a warranty, and parts and service available at almost every bike shop in North America.
AESTHETICS d.
What specifically influenced the overall aesthetic of your product?
Form follows function. The BionX battery pack, for example, was designed to package the maximum number of Li-Mn battery cells in the available space. Engineering and packaging concerns dictated the basic shape, and then pleasing aesthetics were added to make it more than just a regular electronic product. The BionX G2 battey, in particular, was designed with certain automotive styling cues in mind, to evoke a feeling of speed and power.
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EXPERT INTERVIEW
MARKET e. The E-bike is a newer product in today’s market, can you describe what aesthetic you were trying to achieve and why. We were trying to make the technology inviting and friendly for those who may be reluctant to accept it. We achieved this by making the aesthetic pleasing but unobtrusive, with a simple user interface and seamless operation. The whole package is designed so that the technology does not intrude into your biking experience, but helps you along by harnessing your own pedaling power, and adding an electric boost. f. Can you describe your market segment? (Commuters, recreational users, boomers, younger people, the environmentally aware)? We are a crossover product, and our BionX kits are actually targeted at several of these market segments. However, our demographics vary around the globe. For example, BionX users in European countries tend to be urban commuters, whereas North American BionX users tend to buy the product for more recreational purposes (mountain biking, weekend riding, etc.) We also have a higher percentage of boomer buyers in NA.
HUMAN FACTORS (ERGONOMICS) g.
How is it that an e-bike’s ergonomic and human factors differ from a regular bicycle?
An electric bicycle allows you to go further with the same, or less effort. It also eliminates headwinds, and steep hills become manageable. The BionX system reduces strain on a cyclist, and allows for a more controlled workout. On a normal bicycle, many times a ride can become anaerobic.
PRODUCT LIFE I.
How often are your users expected to utilize your products, and how long is it expected to last?
BionX products are designed to be used every day. Battery life should remain unaffected until after approximately 800-1000 charge cycles. After that the battery life will slowly start to degrade, as with any electronic product that needs to be recharged. The average user can expect to get 5-7 years of use out of a BionX battery.
EXPERT INTERVIEW VOLUME, COST & PRICE k. Regionally, where are your product sales highest, and why do you think this may be? GAS (Germany-Austria-Switzerland), as they have already implemented a lot of infrastructure dedicated to cycling. l.
How is your product priced as compared to buying an e-bike
In North America, BionX retrofit kits are priced anywhere from $1200 for the entry-level kit, to $2000 for the top-of-the-range model. This is competitive pricing for the e-bike market, and significantly cheaper than most e-scooters m.
What is the most expensive components of your product
The battery cell pack remains the highest priced component. Our cell packs are comprised of many individual cells joined together. Our supplier of these cells produce lightweight lithium-manganese cells, specifically designed for e-bikes, that are powerful, very safe, long lasting and reliable.
DISTRIBUTION n. Is your product sold through retail, direct sales, or the internet? The BionX kit is sold to consumers through bicycle retail outlets. The majority of our sales, however, come from supplying kits to OEM bike companies (Trek, KTM, Diamante, etc.)
MANUFACTURING and MATERIALS r.
Where is your product assembled? Assembled in our main BionX facility at the Magna campus in Aurora, Ontario.
MATERIALS and SUSTAINABILITY t. E-bikes have been considered an environmentally friendly alternative to petrol fueled vehicles. How true is this in regards to the battery cells? The small amount of chemicals used to manufacture a battery, and energy draw from the grid is a fraction of the energy consumed everyday by an automobile commuter. BionX uses lithium batteries, of which the metals used are less harmful to the environment compared to nickel or lead batteries. u.
Are the battery cells returnable? We can recycle and replace cells in house for our customers.
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SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS
55% of all respondents view current e-bikes as “unattractive” and a further 27% of all respondents viewed e-bikes as “very unattractive”. Therefore it is evident that the design langue of e-bikes is not in keeping with its users. 72% of all users are male, from this we can communicate a more “masculine” styling as well as incorporate a heavier more effective frame. 54% of respondents indicated that they commute less than 10km each day which is well within the range of an e-bike. 45% of people said they would not be open to biking to work; this leaves an opening to try new solutions that are less physically driven, and more comfortable. 18% of respondents thought of e-bikes as being not safe. Therefore there are safety issues that need to be investigated and addressed.
COMMENTS AND CONCERNS
USER PROFILE Using the data collected through observation, surveys, as well as the expert interview we can construct a hypothetical user in order to gauge how to meet their needs John is a 20 something year old who works, lives and operates downtown Toronto. He is at the start of his career and does not own a vehicle. Like the average Torontonian, he lives slightly less than 15 km from where he works. He says that he would bike, but he is just too tired in the morning to force himself to exercise that much (1). He wakes up in the morning, late as usual and sprints to the bus stop, just missing it, forcing him to wait 20 min for the next bus (2). By the time the next bus rolls around John is already frustrated with the commute. He sits anxiously on the bus, cringing at every stop (3). He arrives to work a bit late and starts his day. Picking up at the end of his work day at about 4pm John is forced to shoulder his way onto the crowded bus and stand in a mass of the smelly bus patrons. Because its rush hour, what should be a 10 min bus ride takes an hour and John gets home frustrated and stressed (4). From John’s story we can learn several things about the trials he faced on his daily commute, and address them. 1- John felt that he didn’t have enough energy in the morning to ride his bike to work, no different than many people who opt for public transit. It is for this reason that at least an electric assist should be present, if not a fully propelled option in order to appeal to people like John. 2- John missed his bus. This could be because of a great deal of reasons, in this case it was because of his own tardiness but bus schedules are becoming less consistent each year as cut backs are made. Being forced to wait 20 minutes is another result of these cutbacks. 3- Already late, the bus stopping every 5 feet put a lot of anxiety on his shoulders 4- Going home during rush hour will always take longer than any other hour of the day. The entire population of the city floods to the streets, all within an hour of each other, in order to get home as soon as possible. After a long day at work there is nothing more taxing than having to be on a bus for extended periods of time? By utilizing a bike John would have been able to take bike paths, lanes, or trails in order to prevent the rush hour blues. While Johns commute could be made easier by riding a bike, there still doesn’t exist a product that meets his needs.
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`````COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRODUCT `````````` FEATURES AND BENEFITS The technical features of competitor products was collected and input. For one product, the emphasis was placed on longer range, and an overall more comfortable commute which was reflected in its overall size and aesthetic as well as larger battery and motor. For the other product, keeping a light weight frame reminiscing of a bicycle was more important. The size of the battery and motor however interfered and the overall cost of the product does not justify its use. In terms of the specific features:
Battery: Motor: Range: Safety: Security:
Offered as a standard feature on each, but can be upgraded Offered as a standard feature on each, but can be upgraded Both competitor products offered a decent range, the urban’s was greater however The Enviro had far more safety features The Urban had far more security features
BENEFITS ASSESSMENT OF COMPETITOR PRODUCT: Areas for possible customer benefit advantage were (from high to low): Style Comfort Cost
VALUE
Added value for this product comes from its ability to take advantage of existing bicycle infrastructure such as bike lanes and bike racks. The goal is to make the commute as easy as possible. The bike must be easy to operate and function to accommodate this.
FEATURES
Functions that increase this products value would be its integrated safety features. Currently e-bikes utilize very little safety features, and when they do it is done poorly. Rather than having basic lights or reflectors this product should incorporate lights that are similar to those found in a motorcycle. Front and rear lights that respond to braking and turning are important. Other safety features may be a speedometer so the user may gauge their speed more correctly, as well as a possible side light to prevent the cyclist from being side swept by vehicles during the night. Another feature that could be beneficial would be integrating the users mobile device in a way that it may act as a GPS, route finder, or battery gauge. These functions may also be integrated into the bike directly.
CHALLENGE
Some challenges that may be encountered is the current technology. The bike must be able to hold a charge for a range up to 30km, and it must also be able to quickly recharge. With this in consideration the bike must also be easily charged. Using a universal outlet may be the easiest solution but the challenge is encountered in locating the bike near one. Will the bike be charged in the
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRODUCT FEATURES AND BENEFITS Product (features) Related Products/Competitor Products examined in this report:
Emmo Urban ($1295)
Dragon Enviro ($1195)
Fig 2 - Enviro Dragon (dragon e-bikes) http://www.dragonebikes.com/ enviro.html
The Enviro by dragon e-bikes is a more traditional take on propelled cycling. It offers the user a dutch frame that is found commonly in e-bikes today. This old style of frame got its start by appealing to women in skirts who still wished to ride. It offers the user easy mounting and gives the designer an easy spot to mount the battery, behind the seat tube. All the technical components of this bike have been added to the rear half of the frame, while the front half remains nearly untouched.
Fig-7 Emmo Urban (Emmo E-bikes)http://emmoebikes.com/products/urban.html
The Emmo Urban is a much more “progressive� solution as compared to the Enviro. Taking much more of a scooter / moped approach to their design in regards to both aesthetic and function. The Emmo incorporates a larger seating pedistal for longer trips, integrated safety features such as a working headlight, and some storage at the cost of weight and size. This bikes shortcomings come from its users inability to pedal need be.
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRODUCT FEATURES AND BENEFITS Colour Motor Battery Throttle Frame Handle Bar Stem Tires Brakes Gears Front Fork Safety Storage Security Max Speed Range Pedal Assit Mode Load Capacity Net Weight Size
Silver 30V 250W Brushless Motor 30V 10 AH Lithium Ion Battery Throttle Control and Pedal Assit 26” Light Weight Aluminium Alloy Frame Aluminium Aluminium Adjustable 26” Puncture Resistant Mountian Bike Tires Disc Brakes Shimano 6 Speed Alloy, Suspension Headlight, Taillight, Bell, Wheel Reflectors Carrier Battery Lock KPH 32 KM 40 KM 60 KGS 120 LBS 204 KGS 26 LBS 57 190x60x110
“The Dragon Enviro is our unisex city tourer. It’s lightweight alloy frame makes it the ideal choice for ciy and park like settings” - Dragon E-bikes retail worker
Fig 2 - Enviro Dragon (dragon e-bikes) http://www.dragonebikes.com/ enviro.html
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRODUCT FEATURES AND BENEFITS Colour Motor Battery Throttle Frame Handle Bar Stem Tires Brakes Gears Front Fork Safety Storage Security Max Speed Range Pedal Assit Mode Load Capacity Net Weight Size
Green Maximum 500W Brushless 48V DC Throttle Control and Pedal Assist N/A Aluminium Luminium Adjustable 18” Front and Rear Drum Brakes Shimano 6 Speed Drum Brake Suspension Headlight, Taillight, Bell Wheel Reflectors Lockable Front Box Remote Alarm/ Remote Starter/ Key Ignition Engine Lock KPH 32 KM 50-60 N/A KGS 140 KGS 55 1650x 710 x 1220
“We focus on stylish, high quality electric bicycles that offer safe and efficient transportation alternatives for the majority of urban trips.” - EMMO Sales Associate
Fig-7 Emmo Urban (Emmo E-bikes)http://emmoebikes.com/products/urban.html
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CURRENT USER PRACTICE
REGULAR TASKS/PROCEDURE
The user currently uses a standardized means of transportation such as walking, biking, public transit, and possibly utilizes a vehicle on their daily commute. Current e-bikes are regarded as recreational products rather than a legitimate commuting option. Those who do use them for commuting purposes are generally regarded as the die hard environmentalists. These users would leave there bikes to charge overnight as they slept. In the morning they would wake, remove the unit from the charging port and set off to ride. The standard assit may take them up to 32 km/h for around 30km. Once the charge has been depleted they would resort to pedalling the remainder of the distance to their destination. Upon arrival at their destination the user would lock up their bike at a standard bike post located as close to their destination as possible. Once finished at their destination the user would unlock their bike and the process repeats itself once the user plugs their bike in to be charged for another night.
NON-ROUTINE TASKS/PROCEDURE
The user may occasional utilize their means of transportation for non routine activities such as going out to get groceries, meeting friends, or travelling to desired locations. The products function must accommodate this as well. For example if the user would want to take a weekend trip to centre island, the product should accommodate this. The bike must be mobile enough to take on the ferry without creating a hassle. This also changes the context in which the bike is used. Rather than utilizing the product in a commuting means it becomes a recreational product. In this sense the bike should operate in a leisurely fashion as opposed to something that is more fast pace and efficient. The bike should be enjoyable at a slower speed in this instance in order to enjoy the scenery.
SYNOPSIS
The end result must be a commuter product that is mobile and convenient. The size must accommodate downtown urban living situations, it must not weigh more than it needs to so it may be easily be brought up and down a flight of stairs, and it must have a limited footprint with a minimal impact to the environment. It should also demonstrate smart design by being able to adapt to current pre existing bicycle infrastructure. The underlaying goal is to offer downtown commuters with an alternative means of transportation that motivates and excites them rather than make them feel disassociated from the function or form as they are in current e-bikes.
25 NEEDS ANALYSIS
CATEGORIZATION OF NEEDS
CUSTOMER BENEFITS AND THEIR RANKING (FROM HI TO LO):
TECHNICAL FEATURES AND THEIR AND RANKING (FROM HI TO LO):
BATTERY MOTOR RANGE SAFETY SECURITY
LOOKS WEIGHT SPEED COST COMFORT
58 57 41 40 20
THE BATTERY STRONGLY AFFECTS COST, LOOKS, AND WEIGHT THE MOTOR STRONGLY AFFECTS SPEED, COST, LOOKS, AND RANGE STRONGLY INFLUENCE SPEED, COST AND WEIGHT SAFETY INFLUENCES LOOKS WEIGHT AND COMFORT SECURITY AFFECTS LOOKS, COST, AND WEIGHT
The fatal flaw of current e-bikes today is that people just don’t want to ride them. This can be attributed to their overall aesthetic. Their form disassociates the user from its function. If the majority of the pedal bikes in an urban centre are that of a road or track nature, why is it that e-bikes consistently resort to the un popular step through frame? It is understandable that they are trying to appeal to all demographics, but if the styling is the most important need of the user, some more consideration should be taken in my design in order to achieve a form that motivates people to ride their bike as opposed to deterring them. Weight is another major consideration. It translates directly into the mobility of the product. With weight reduction being key, unnecessary weight must be removed. This is a product that will probably be carried up and down a flight of stairs.
MIND MAPPING
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Fig 15 - Audi e-bike (gogreen.com)
http://www.gogogreen.net/wp-content/ uploads/2011/08/Audi-Electric-Bike-For-theFuture-Urban-Consumer_5.jpg
Fig 16 - Electric bike concept (lux-
atic.com)http://luxatic.com/wp-content/ uploads/2011/10/Electric-Bike-concept-byVojtech-Sojka-5.jpg
Fig 17- Brooks leather grip tape, sewn
(brooksengland.com) http://t0.gstatic.com/ images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRlKtwSKcSRScoY oCTBBGphA0RuxzXCLLSALtokGn2OXV 8Td3PZQt_FXmM-
INSPIRATION IS. . .
Much of the influence behind my design was fueled by brooks products (below). These retro saddles and handle bars have an essence of class to them, which is near impossible to find in bikes today. The brown leather and use of other traditional materials keep this a timeless design that has influenced me for years, and hopefully for years to come.
Fig 17- Brooks leather saddle (brook-
sengland.com) http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRlKtwSKcSRScoYoC TBBGphA0RuxzXCLLSALtokGn2OXV8Td3PZQt_FXmM-
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FUNCTIONAL DESIGN BRIEF “To design a small, lightweight, mobile commuter vehicle that is fully propelled by an alternative fuel source (electric). This device should be small enough as to take advantage of existing “bicycle” infrastructure (bike lanes and racks), easily stored or brought up to an apartment, as well as integrate innovative safety features and technologies.” The aim is to help motivate users to ride their bikes rather than disassociate them from new innovative commuting methods. Mobility, weight, and styling are paramount and are priorities in this design. The design should reflect what the urban demographic associates as “good” design, such as road bikes, track bikes, and single geared bikes.
4
PROJECT SCHEDULE
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DESIGN PROCESS
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5.0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT PRELIMINARY CONCEPT EXPLORATION
Concept 1 was what I was originally most attracted to. It had a super aggressive stance with a lot of emphasis placed on lighting. The ergonomics however were a bit of a stretch. In the end many design cues were taken from this initial concept.
Concept 2 is the closest to my final design direction. I instantly fell in love with the side lights as well as the kink at the top. Most of the features were either changed or dropped entirely along the way however. I went with a standard chainstay as opposed to the hub drive depicted here. The levitating handlebars didn’t make the cut either.
Concept 3 was an attempt to go off in a completely different direction than the previous two. This concept has a bit more of a “utility” fell to it because of its geometric shape which was inspired the human form.
CONCEPT REFINEMENT
At this point in the design process, a general direction was still to be decided upon. I explored many different variations on the frame, as well as toying with many different ideas that I could integrate into this project. Many of these concepts were a bit outlandish and didn’t make the cut, while others were quite practical yet didn’t fit into the overall design I was going for. For example, in the initial steps of this phase I was still exploring many options regarding cargo capacities and mobile device integration. At one point the design was a completely collapsible form. As I continued ideas were dropped and new ones formed. I began drawing in humans who were interacting with the product and it was through this that I got the idea for the side lighting as well as a formed top tube to aid the user in carrying the product.
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DETAIL RESOLUTION
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In this page you can see a study on the shape of the frame as well as how it ties in with the other components of the bike such as the outlet, seat post, fork, and handlebars. I felt that hiding the outlet like current e-bikes do wasn’t effective at all. In my design I showcased the outlet as a graphic in order to help imply function.
This page showcases some of the sketches that I had done to demonstrate how all the separate parts of the product would come together. Even though the product utilizes many of the same manufacturing techniques as a traditional bike, there is still some electrical and mechanical features that had to be well planned out.
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41 SKETCH MODEL The sketch model was a really useful excersise to aid me in realizing my shape and form in three dimensions prior to CAD. I chose to represent the frame, crankset, motor, and fork in this sketch model in order to achieve a degree of accuracy as to better understand how all of my parts would come together. In doing this I understood several changes that needed to be made to the design that I would not have noticed until I was deep into CAD. For example, it was in this state that I realized that an exposed powertrain would not work for several reasons. One being that the motor and sprocket created a more fluid form with the frame when a chainstay is included, and secondly, it would be very difficult to model in the prototype. It turned out for the best however as the final solution was more in keeping with my “motorcycle�inspiration rather than an outward bicycle. It is also in this phase when I decided to subtle change the geometry of the frame and fork to something that was a little bit closer to a high end road bike.
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FINAL DESIGN
The name AMP isn’t just cool to say, and its not just a great looking word graphically, its both those things as well as a shortened version of the word Ampere. Often shortened to amp, is the SI unit of electric current which is why its such a fitting name for this product. The name showcases its reliance on new innovative technologies in order to deliver the best possible commute under the most frustrating of situations.
INITIAL CAD MODELS
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FABRICATION HISTORY
FABRICATION HISTORY I began the fabrication history by sending off my CAD files to be rapid prototyped. Choosing a powder process caused some problems, but at the end yielded a high detail result.
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PART FINISHING AND PRIMING The first step taken post printing was sealing the powdered parts in order to give them some structural integrity, followed by sanding and a first coat of primer.
HEARTBREAK The first disaster moment in the model making process came early, one of the weaker, more delicate parts (the tire) broke while sealing it. The tire was re-printed, and subsequently re-broken.
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PRIME, SAND, SPOT PUTTY, PRIME. . . It was a long process, and at this point I was kicking myself for having so many parts that were smaller than a finger which proved difficult to sand.
THE PAINT BOOTH After the first coat of primer was applied to all my parts I made a very wise decisions to save my lungs. Anyone spending anytime in an ID shop needs at least this, if not a full respirator.
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BEFORE AND AFTER Green and white parts are those that have not been primed yet. Even in a photograph it is evident that a little bit of elbow grease goes a long way.
SAND, SAND, SAND, SAND. . . At this point the constant step forward, step backward process of sanding and priming was getting pretty exhausting even though the results were evident. Good arm workout though!
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FINAL COAT There is no way to describe the pure joy I was feeling at this point. Nearly all the parts had their final coats of primer on and paint was in the horizon.
COLOUR After a quick wetsand at a high grit I applied paint to the parts. As a whole this went smoothly, with the exception of the frame. White paint can be a tough one to nail.
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COMPONENT FINISHING As the paint dried, got sanded off, and was repainted I started to find some newfound motivation. Seeing the colours start to become more vibrant and having the pieces come together was a treat.
ASSEMBLY The first few components assembled were the powertrain (sprocket, crank arm, and lock bearing), followed by the rims and the tires, and the frame to the fork and headset.
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THE DEVIL IS IN THE DETAILS Detailing this model was much easier than expected. By printing in as many separate parts as possible, I was able to avoid masking entirely. Other touches such as vinyl graphics and having my handlebars wrapped in real grip tape really made everything pop.
PICKING UP THE PIECES At this point I was left with four major components to assemble. Since I only have two hands, some extras were needed here. A mess of arms and hands propping parts in the correct position brought this model home to the finish line.
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6.0 FINAL DESIGN
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Amp, a unique and relevant solution to the troubles one would encounter with commuting in a dense urban environment. By using nanowire battery cells as opposed to the more conventional lithium ion, or magnesium batteries, the weight of the product is significantly decreased. Each individual nanowire has close to the same mass and weight as a human hair, allowing for innovative packaging solutions. Traditional e-bikes store their cells on the down tube in order to reduce the effects of its weight on the overall ride and balance of the bike. Amp’s cells are stored throughout the top tube of the frame with no effect on the balance, ride, or physics of the bike. This is made possible by the previously mentioned nanowire cells. Another benefit of these cells is the rapidity in which it is able to charge, and the volume of charge it can hold. This results in a user that is not disassociated from the product. Riders can pedal, bank, and turn exactly the same as they would have in a traditional bike.
Nanowire cells packaged in the top tube
EXPLANATION Mobility and convenience are very important factors to consider when designing for an urban commuter. Operation is simple with three modes of use; a fully propelled mode were the rider can coast by using just the motor, an assist mode similar to that in an e-bike, and finally a fully human powered mode were AMP is propelled entirely by the user. In a chosen mode were the motor is engaged, throttle is controlled by the handle bars. Rotating the bullhorns in a downward motion increases the throttle, and retracting them decreases the throttle, much like a gas pedal. The brakes are the same that would be found in any road bike.
61 Safety has also been addressed. With four integrated, illuminated lights as opposed to two reflectors, making AMP much safer to ride during the night than a conventional bicycle or e-bike. The head and tail lights act in very much the same way that they would in any other commuting vehicle. The sidelights however are more original than the previously mentioned two. It is very difficult for people operating vehicles to see bikers when driving side by side so the sidelights help illuminate the ride so other vehicles are away of its presence in order to prevent side swiping.
The AMP’s form is quite different from current e-bikes and mopeds. Basing the design on observations made when watching bikers in an urban environment. These cyclists are efficient and bountiful. The bike of choice for these people may be categorized as road or track bikes, many of which have single or fixed gears. It is for this reason that AMP’s frame is reminiscent of these bikes. The frame is aggressive and looks “fast”, which is in keeping with what these cyclists have and want. Rather than use smaller wheels which are conventional in e-bikes today, AMP uses the standard wheel size found in road bikes in order to optimize its function. The bullhorn handle bars are also reminiscent of modified track, velodrome, and road bikes were the owner would take their standard drop down handle bars, flip them, and cut off the ends to give their bike a personal touch. AMP’s bullhorn handle bars pays tribute to that, differentiating itself from other products in market today, giving it that very same personal touch.
BENEFITS AND WORKFLOW MAPPING The benefits of this product are best described in a hypothetical day for the user. A day with the AMP could start off with the rider waking up and unplugging it from being charged. The AMP uses a standard plug for charging allowing it to be plugged in nearly anywhere. A ring circles the plug to highlight its use of alternative energy and indicate to the user that it is an electrically powered bike as opposed to a traditional bicycle. Users can easily check its charge by simply looking to see how much of the ring is illuminated. A fully illuminated ring means that the product is fully charged, likewise, when only half of the ring is illuminated the product only has a half charge.
Seeing that the product is fully charged, the user would then unplug his bike and carry it out of his apartment. This previously difficult task is made much simpler for two reasons. One being that the overall weight of the AMP is much less than a standard e-bike, and dramatically less than a moped. The use of carbon fibre and nanowires makes the product light enough for anyone to be able to throw it over their shoulders, which brings us to the second point. The frame of the AMP was designed with carrying in mind. It lends itself to a more ergonomic shoulder spot than traditional bikes. By eliminating the down tube and seat tube there is plenty of room for the shoulder to fit.
63 Once outside the user decides on riding to work in mode 1, fully propelled. The coasting mode gives the user the option to not have to exude any of their own energy in order to prevent them from arriving at their destination in a tired or unprofessional state. According to the data collected, a large portion of the population surveyed choose not to ride their bikes on their commute because they are either too tired in the morning to pedal all the way to their destination, or do not want to arrive to work
Upon arrival the user would then lock up his AMP on a bike post in front of his place of work. In doing this he is able to avoid the expensive and time consuming process of finding a parking spot. In a car they would be forced to park further away from their place of work and be forced to pay quite a lot for the privilege of parking for a day. Being the dedicated worker that he is, by the time the user is finished work for the day it is already dark out. This is no problem since the AMP utilizes four, fully illuminated lights for a safer nighttime commute. He unlocks his AMP from the bike post, engages the head light, taillight, and both side lights, and begins his journey home. Even though he has more than enough of a charge to ride back in a fully propelled mode, he decides on riding with the assist engaged in order to get some exercise. The user is entirely visible to other commuters on the road once dark due to the lights, and when pedalling, the motion of his legs passing the sidelight creates a dynamic changing light. This dynamic light makes it even more noticeable to drivers that someone else is on the road with them. The user would arrive home; hoist the bike over his shoulder like he had at the beginning of the day, return to his apartment, plug in his bike, and go about the rest of his night.
ERGONOMICS As with most bike frames, the AMP would come in a line of standard sizes. It is up to the retailer to educate the user on which size is correct for them, just like in a bicycle. AMP does however have several parts that the user either interacts with, or adjusts. The first of which is the seat. The seat works similarly to conventional designs in the way that its a simple unscrew at the top of the seat post, called a seat post clamp. The user would unscrew the seat post clamp and adjust the height to their own body size. Someone with longer legs would be able to raise the seat, and someone with shorter legs can shorten it.
Along with the seat post, the handle bars are another point of operation. In order to allow more throttle, the user would tilt the handle bars downward into a drop bar position. The riders overall stance would then change here from something more relaxed and leisurely, to a much more concentrated stance like in a velodrome bike or motorcycle. In this way the user must be more engaged and concentrated when using the motor. The final part that incorporates user ergonomics is the inside of the frame. A lot of cyclists hoist their bike over their shoulder, sandwiching it in between the top tube and the down tube. This is extremely cumbersome, problematic, and uncomfortable. By eliminating the down tube, enough space is free for the user to comfortable place their shoulder in the kink perpendicular to the outlet creating a much more comfortable method to carry your bike up a flight of stairs.
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The final CAD renders where a lot of fun to do. Playing around with colours was a bit of a long process, every combination looked great. While the model was done in SolidWorks, the majority of the high resolution renders were accomplished using a combination of both keyshot and Photoshop. The only difficulties encountered where in picking views. A bicycle is somewhat two dimensional in the sense that in a straight front view it appears as nearly just a line. As I got a hang of things, the only thing left was deciding upon a graphic. Using Photoshop and illustrator I managed to come up with a design that worked and suited the products design langue, the name AMP soon followed.
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STYLE VARIATIONS
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FINAL MODEL
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REFERENCES - IMAGES Fig. 1 - (BikeRadar, 2010) http://cdn.mos.bikeradar.com/images/news/2010/03/17/1268824374162-13qhasszdkrrg-670-70.jpg Fig 2 - Enviro Dragon (dragon e-bikes) http://www.dragonebikes.com/enviro.html Fig 3 - (TheDailyGreen) http://www.ezriders.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/wisper-sport-905se.jpg?4c9b33 Fig 4 - 26 Series, Ladies E-Bike A (Pedelec) (ebikeFactoryChina) http://ebikefactorychina.com/Ebikes/26_Series_Ladies_E-Bike_A-Pedelec.JPG Fig 5- Honda Hobbit PA 50/Camino moped (European market) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Honda_Hobbit.jpg Fig-6 Scooters 50cc Gas Motor Mopeds (Happy Scooters)javascript:openWin(‘https://www.scooterdepot.us/files/prodimages/h_thumbnail/mc_n50.jpg’) Fig-7 Emmo Urban (Emmo E-bikes)http://emmoebikes.com/products/urban.html Fig 8 - Currie Technologies Power Kit (metaefficient.com) http://metaefficient.zippykidcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/currie-electric-bike-conversion-kit.jpg Fig 9 - Bionx Conversion Kit (Bikeshophub.com)http://www.bikeshophub.com/wp-content/uploads/bionx-kit.jpg Fig 10- Brooks leather grip tape (brooksengland.com) http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRlKtwSKcSRScoYoCTBBGphA0RuxzXCLLSALtok Fig 11- Carbon Fibre Frame (madeinchina.com)http://image.made-in-china.com/2f0j00SeCaPzWyhqrY/Carbon-Fibre-Bicycle-Bike-Frame-and-Fork.jpg Fig 12 - Battery in a nanowire (Futurity) http://www.futurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Hybrid_electrochemical_device_Rice_1.jpg Fig 13 - Lithium-sulfur and carbon nanowires (autoblog) http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2010/03/nl-2010-00504q0004.gif Fig 14 - Bicycle accident (Joe Horax Law)http://joehorroxlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/bicycle-accident-lawyer1-e1330114118177.jpg Fig 15 - Audi e-bike (gogreen.com)http://www.gogogreen.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Audi-Electric-Bike-For-the-Future-Urban-Consumer_5.jpg Fig 16 - Electric bike concept (luxatic.com)http://luxatic.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Electric-Bike-concept-by-Vojtech-Sojka-5.jpg Fig 17- Brooks leather saddle (brooksengland.com) http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRlKtwSKcSRScoYoCTBBGphA0RuxzXCLLSALtokGn *uncited images are from my own personal library that were taken either previous to or during this project.
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REFERENCES - DOCUMENTS BikeRadar. Sanyo launch solar parking lots for e-bikes. 17 March 2010. <http://www.bikeradar.com/ news/article/sanyo-launch-solar-parking-lots-for-e-bikes-25396/>. Canada, Cyclist Fatality Trends in. Helmet Effect Undetectable in Fatality Trends. 21 June 2004. Document. Cycling, Ontario Coalition for Better. Cyclist and Helmet Use Survey. Ottawa: Ontario Coalition for Better Cycling, 1994. Document. Gullapalli, Sravani and Michael S. Wong. "Nanotechnology: A Guide to Nano-Objects." Chemical Engineering Progress (2011): 28-32. Document. Johnson, Tim. "Cheap and green, electric bikes are the rage in China." McClatchy Newspapers (2007). Newspaper. Research, Pike. Electric Bicycles, Motorcycles, and Scooters to Gain Increasing Acceptance Worldwide. 10 June 2010. <http://www.pikeresearch.com/newsroom/electric-bicycles-motorcycles-and-scooters-to-gainincreasing-acceptance-worldwide>. Rowe, Rowe and Bot. "Bicyclist and Environmental Factors Associated with Fatal Bicycle-Related Trauma in Ontario." Canadian Medical Association Journal (1995). Article. Singh, Timon. Timon Singh. 13 January 2010. <http://inhabitat.com/sandia-creates-worlds-smallestsingle-nanowire-battery/>. T.O., ibike. Innovative study shows that cycle tracks and local streets mean fewer injuries for cyclists. 27 Febuary 2012. Document. Thom R., Clayton A., and Omar H. Winnipeg's Bicycle Accident Experience. paper presented to the Institute of Transportation Engineers Annual Conference . Winnipeg: Winnipeg's Bicycle Accident Experience, 1990. Document.
APPENDIX
appendix
ADVISOR MINUTES AND DISCUSSION Ben Ruby Hey Matt. How’s Milan? Anyways once you get back if you find some time could you give me your email so I can send you that survey? I was also wondering if you would be interested in participating in my Thesis as one of my advisors? Anyways ill talk to you more once you get back. Have a great time Matthew Finbow Hey Ben! Back from Milan now, and it was one of the most amazing things I have ever experienced. Really glad I went. Anyways, my email is mattfinbow@gmail.com, so you can send me that survey any time you like. What would my role be if I were to be an adviser to your thesis? What sort of duties? I might be interested. Bye for now! Ben Ruby I’m sure its similar to what your adviser was when you were doing your thesis. It would entitle you and I meeting semi frequently (less than once a month) so I would be able to utilize your expertise! What I hope to gain from this is a better informed design decision based on my thesis topic, which is a more mobile functional urban commuting vehicle, similar to an e-bike. Your work at Bionx with electric vehicles makes you one of the experts on the subject. Your understanding of this topic would be used to help give me informed advice on my design. If you’re interested ill send you the Thesis Advisory form to you. Thanks a lot for your consideration, it’s a really big help! If you would like to know more about my thesis I can send you some more information Matthew Finbow Sure thing! You can sign me up for the thesis advisory position. I’d be happy to lend a hand. (I’ll be honest with you... I half-assed my thesis pretty badly in an effort to preserve my sanity at the end of fourth year! LOL) Please also send me some info on your thesis. I’m very curious to see what kind of transportation solution you are working on. Let me know what would be a good time for our first meeting. If you are close to Aurora we could meet during my lunch break. Otherwise it would probably have to be in the evening some time. Where are you located (besides Humber)? Talk soon. Cheers!
ADVISOR MINUTES AND DISCUSSION Ben Ruby – Email – Nov 12 Hey Matt, Thanks a lot again, this is really a big help. I have included in this email a power point presentation with my thesis proposal. Since I created this, the scope of my project has changed somewhat but is more or less the same. As of now, my signed thesis goal is; “To design a small, lightweight, mobile commuter vehicle that is fully propelled by an alternative fuel source (electric). This device should be small enough as to take advantage of existing “bicycle” infrastructure (bike lanes and racks), easily stored or brought up to an apartment, as well as integrate innovative safety features and technologies.” These days I’m living a stone’s throw away from humber so I think a good time to meet up would be next week at some time if that works for you. You mentioned that your free during your lunch breaks so I could go up to aurora on my day off Wednesday for a meeting. Thanks again for your help Matt. Ben Ruby Meeting 1 – Nov 3 Minutes - First advisor meeting. Thesis topic was discussed and refined. Matt was given the advisor form as well as copies of research and sketches done to date. Matt agreed to be an advisor and Thesis Goals where established. Second meeting was set up for November 23 Ben Ruby - Email - Dec 5 2011 Hey Matt, Just thought you might like to check out my presentation for my thesis. Let me know what you think about content/graphics/anything regards Ben
ADVISOR MINUTES AND DISCUSSION Matt Finbow - Email - Dec 6 2011 Looking good man! I wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t change too much. Your thesis is already way more thought out than mine ever was. Great job! - Matt Ben Ruby - Email - Febuary 4 2011 Hey Matt, Sorry im a day late on this, just a hecktic week of sorts. Anyways here are some more sketches I have done. Im just starting on a sketch model which should be done by the end of the day and ill send pics then. Let me know what you think! And I would love to arrange a meeting sometime soon if your not too busy Thanks Ben Ruby Ben Ruby - Email - Febuary 4 2011 Hey Matt, again, Sketch model. Behold the form that is my bicycle frame and chainstay with the motor configured at the crank. It will work like a traditional bike as well. So here it is sans handle bars/seat Ben
ADVISOR MINUTES AND DISCUSSION Matt Finbow - Email - Febuary 4 2011 Hey Ben! Congratulations on all your hard work on your thesis. This stuff is really great, both your sketches and your sketch model. You have major sketching talent and I am a big fan of your style (I thought you were one of the best ones in the class when I taught it, if not THE best). I love the design of the bike... nothing really like it on the market today, so it feels fresh and new. And I can see you love chamfered surfaces just as much as I do! To me, this bike is crying out for a detachable fitted cargo bag that will clip into the wide open space under the frame. You could make it a signature part of the bike’s look, and it will give you an unparalleled cargo capacity. I’d love to meet with you some time this week to discuss more in person. I’ll probably be doing band practice either Tuesday or Thursday evening. So I can either meet you Mon, Wed, or Friday evening, or any day at lunch if you want to meet me somewhere reasonably close to Aurora. Let me know what works best for you. Great work so far! I can’t wait to see this finished at the thesis show. Cheers! - Matt Ben Ruby - Email - Febuary 5 2011 Thanks Matt, Its always good to have a good crit on your work and after yours my ego is about to explode! Im really starting to get excited about how this design is turning out. As per your suggestion, palm to forehead, could not beleive i didn’t even think of this the whole time lol! Anyways ill draw up some concepts on that and develope the design a bit more for when I see you this week. Im free to meet with you on Wednesday once your done work, im done classes at 1:30. YRT went back in service yesterday so that makes transportation a bit easier for me. Where would you like to meet? Ben
ADVISOR MINUTES AND DISCUSSION Matt Finbow - Email - Febuary 6 2011 I can drive down to the school and meet you after I’m done work on Wednesday. Would that be cool? I can probably be there by 6:30 or 7 if that’s not too late. That way I can see your model in person and maybe give you some pointers. Actually, if Ken is there around that time I’d love to have a chat with him, too. Let me know if that works for you. Cheers!
MEETING Minutes - Decided that cargo bag would not work - Decided on final design direct - discussed materials Ben Ruby - Email - March 4 2011 Hey Matt, Its been a while so I thought I would give you a quick update! SO, as of now I have just about finished my CAD model and am rendering / model making starting tomorrow! I just wanted you to let me know what you think, i have included a screen shot of the model as of now. I was also wondering what your thoughts are for colouring and detailing. I have attached some images that I think is sort of the general direction I want to take it. What are your thoughts? Different style maybe? Different pallet? Thanks Ben
ADVISOR MINUTES AND DISCUSSION Matt Finbow - Email - March 5 2011 Hey Ben! The model looks great so far. Can’t wait to see it fleshed out in real life. As for the colour scheme, I think you’re on the right track. I’m a big fan of using basic white and black as base tones, with splashes of a bright colour used strategically and sparingly to accentuate the lines of the form Ben Ruby - Email - March 26 2011 Hey Matt, Its been a while so I figured I would give you a “pre-finish” update to let you know how things are proceeding. I am nearing completion of the model making phase. . . and thank god for that. What a mess of breaking parts and endless hours of sanding hahaha. So I attached some process pics to show you how I tackled the beast. The latest image was just taken today, what I have left is painting the treads of the wheels, vinyls, and final assembly so im predicting two more days at best. I have also started generating some Photoshop/cad renders, there is a teaser attached as well. I went with the colour combo we had talked about, and all the orange parts are the interactive ones ie brakes, power-train etc. Feel free to show this to some people at work as well, I would love to get everyone’s opinion on the final product. In regards to work, I was wondering if you could give my portfolio a quick flip through and tell me what you think. As always, your help and advice is invaluable, Ben
PROJECT PLAN Project Description (what are you proposing to do?) Electric bikes, or e-bikes are becoming an increasingly popular means of travel for commuters. They fail to bridge the gap between motorcycles and bikes however. They are difficult and exhausting to pedal (when trying to charge the battery), are unprofessional, unattractive, and fail to meet many needs of the modern day commuter. Another re merging trend is that of cycle travel inside of the city as it is often faster than driving or public transit, more convenient, and environmentally conscious, although the effort involved in cycling can be demanding for some on a commute to work (resulting in a sweaty employee showing up for work).I propose to develop a vehicle intended for downtown travel that is fully propelled by an alternative fuel source (most likely electric) that integrates technologies and safety features found in motorcycles, while retaining the overall lightness and mobility of a bicycle. Specific Goals (What do you hope to learn?) Through the thesis project, I hope to better understand urban living, and commuting. As I plan on living and working downtown Toronto I feel that this topic would be a good way to prepare me for both downtown living, as well as work. I also hope to better understand the emerging eco friendly technologies associated with everyoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s day to day commute. Time Line (Critical Path) Items
Date
Research finished Nov 1 Design Finalized Dec 1 CAD model finalized Jan1 Model and boards finished Mid April
Suggested Assessment criteria (How will you know if you Succeed) I will know I have succeeded if I am able to address the core issues associated with commuter travel in an urban environment such as Toronto.
WORKFLOW REPORT I feel as though my performance throughout this project has been very consistent. Despite a rocky start when I struggle to decide upon a thesis topic, the pace of this project has been steady. At the initial ideation phase I was still somewhat lost, but did not loose faith in my design direction. This optimism was carried throughout the entirety of the project. As a whole, I am extremely proud of what I have accomplished in this project. Being a poor model maker it was one of my goals to produce an extremely high quality model. While my model did not end up being as good as I had hoped, it is still by far the best hard model that I have created. I spent ample time on the boards and the booklet as well. With an expected finish date of April 1st I feel as though I was on the right track for the majority of the project.
Survey Response Report Product: E-bike By Ben Ruby
Objective: To obtain information from a target group in order to better inform design. Method:
Web-based survey using Survey Monkey
Product:
E-bike
Description: A more mobile, functional e-bike that is capable of utilizing current “bicycle” infrastructure such as bike lanes and bike racks.
# of Survey Respondents: 11 Description Survey Respondents: Date of Survey: Questions and Answers (Notes)
Students
E-BIKES ASSESSMENT An Assessment of the Benefits and Features for Light Commuting Vehicles Using the House of Quality Technique
Objective: To determine the benefits and features for a light commuting vehicle, using the Emmo Urban and Enviro E bikes as benchmarks. Method: House of Value Search techniques for promotional media (literature/internet) of competitor products Product:
E-Bike
Description: Commuter vehicle used for transportation purposes Purpose:
Recreation / Transportation
Related Products/Competitor Products currently being manufactured: Emmo Bionx Dragon E Bikes Related Products/Competitor Products examined in this report: Emmo Urban ($1295) Dragon Enviro ($1195)
Summary Benefits and Features were established, using competitor products to clarify and help define the benefits and features for the new product design. Customer Benefits and Their Ranking (from Hi to Lo): Looks Speed Cost Weight Comfort Note: This ranking was determined from: personal opinion. A survey of users/possible customers would be the next step Technical Features and Their and Ranking (from Hi to Lo): Battery 58 the battery strongly affects cost, looks, and weight Motor 57 The motor strongly affects Speed, cost, looks, and weight Range 41 Range strongly influence Speed, cost and weight Safety 40 Safety influences looks weight and comfort Security 20 Security affects Looks, cost, and weight Features Assessment of Competitor Product: T he technical features of competitor products was collected and input. For one product, the emphasis was placed on longer range, and an overall more comfortable commute which was reflected in its overall size and aesthetic as well as larger battery and motor. For the other product, keeping a light weight frame reminiscing of a bicycle was more important. The size of the battery and motor however interfered and the overall cost of the product does not justify its use. In terms of the specific features, Battery: Offered as a standard feature on each, but can be upgraded Motor: Offered as a standard feature on each, but can be upgraded Range: Both competitor products offered a decent range, the urbanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s was greater however Safety: The Enviro had far more safety features Security: The Urban had far more security features Benefits Assessment of Competitor Product: Areas for possible customer benefit advantage were (from high to low): Style Comfort Cost References: http://emmo.ca/urban/ http://www.dragonebikes.com/enviro.html
Appendix: Promotional Literature of Competing Products