signage, and visibility increases personal security and creates a more comfortable environment for young children. Overcrowding in stations and on buses and trains can add stress to the trip, while also increasing the possibility of harassment, robbery, and violence, especially for women or elderly caregivers. A transit stop or station is a public space that can incorporate interactive and stimulating elements when thoughtfully designed, including art, commerce, small rest and play areas for feeding and waiting, public restrooms, and water fountains. Pedestrian and cycle connectivity improvements and design for seamless intermodal integration of public transport stations can strongly improve mobility and the usability of transport. Caregivers are more likely to “trip-chain” or to complete trips with multiple stops throughout the day, such as to reach a childcare facility, job, or grocery store. This often leads to more expensive trips, as caregivers have to pay for each segment of their journey. A fare policy that allows for trip-chaining helps caregivers affordably use transit as they fulfill the obligations of the household.
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