ChildLanguageAnalysis
ChaptersixfromthetextbookChildLanguage:AcquisitionandGrowthopensupbystatingthat childrenneedexperiencewithalanguageinordertoacquireit.Lust,authorofthetextbook,argues that"varyingformsofexperienceallowlanguageacquisition"(101)withinachild.Shealso mentionsthatoralbabblingmanifestswaylaterinthecaseofdeathchildren,sincetheydon'thave anauditorymodelinwhichtheycouldfollowRelatingtothistopic,thechapteralsocoversthe topicofhomesign.Homesignisaformofsignlanguagethatchildrenwhoarenotexposedtoawell structuredsignlanguage,createinordertocommunicate.Furthermore,thechaptersharesthatin Nicaragua,localchildrenwerebroughttogetherandwiththeirownsetofhomesigngestures,they wereabletocreateawholenewsignlanguage;theNicaraguanSign...showmorecontent...
AlthoughtherewasnoevidenceofaprevioussignlanguageinNicaragua,throughtheirshared communication,thesechildrenwereabletodevelopeda"naturalhumanlanguage."Thischapter alsoaddressestheimportanceofthelinguisticsexperience.AccordingtoLust,infantsareexposed tolanguageexperienceintheformofsoundpriortobeingbornShegoesontostatethatinfantsare abletosignalouttheirmother'svoiceversusotherfemalevoices.Lust,alsotouchesonthe Motheresehypothesis,inwhichamotheraltershervoiceinordertocommunicatewithheryoung childrenthroughhigherpitchvoices,simplifiedgrammar,repetition,andslowerspeech.Although thisformofcommunicationisirrelevanttowardsachildacquisitionoflanguage,itisvaluable betweenthebondagebetweenmotherandchildChaptersixcoversmanyinformativetopicsand whilemanyareofgreatimportancetoaddressthechapterconcludesthatchildrenareinfact consideringtheinputtheyarereceivingandimposingthe
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Language
Languageisessential;languageiswhatweusetocommunicateamongothers.Itissomethingthat joinsusjustasstronglyasitseparatesus.Therearemanydifferent"languages"intheworldbut reallytheyareallboundbycertainrules,theyallhaveaformatthattheyfollow,allofthemhave, nouns,verbs,tenses,andadjectives.Languageisalmostlikeamath,thepointofitisthatwhenyou speak,youtrytoreachaconclusionwithadifferentperson,andinmathyouuseequationstosolve problemsandreachconclusions,oneisnumberstheotheriswords
Mathisnoteasy,andlearningaLanguagecanbechallenging.IcameherefromMexicoyearsago, andIstillrememberhowitwastonotknowhowtocommunicate.showmorecontent
Languageisapowerfulthing,Itcanmoldyourimagetosociety,atallskinnywomanwithaEnglish accentcanbethoughtofasamodeloractress,aAsianmanwithaaccentwillbelookeduponasa "Chinesefoodclerk",whereasonewithoutanaccentwillbeviewedasacomputerengineer. Stereotypingisonethingthatoursocietyisgoodat,andthatisonethingthattheywillalwaysdoto differentcultures.
Thefirststeptogetridofthesestereotypeswouldbetoeducatepeopleinaboutdifferentcultures,if wewouldencouragepeopleintheUnitedStatesandinothercountriestobeopentonewpeoplewe couldgetthestereotypingtostop.Thefirststeptopreventioniseducation.Alotofpeople stereotypeotherculturesbecauseofthewaytheywerebroughtup,meforexampleIwasalways toldthatJewsarebadpeoplebecauseofWWII,theytoldmethatduringthewarPolishpeople wouldhelpthem,andafterthewartheJewswouldbeupsetwithusbecausewedidnothelpthem enough.NowIcouldtakethattoheartandjusthatethembecauseIwasthoughttohatethem,butI chosenotto,IchosetocommunicatewithaJewishkidinhighschoolandhewasareallygood personThereasonthatIdonotfollowinthefootstepsofmyancestorsfromWWIIisthatbecauseI decidedtocommunicateandlearnaboutthem,andthat'sallthankstoonethingthatmanypeople needtorealizeisaimportant
LanguageEssays
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¨WhenIplacedmyburdensanhimhewashedthemallawayforme¨(line1–2and90–91).The songTempobyKBakaKevinElijahBurgessisaboutfreedomandfocus.Freedomislostwhen religionisinvolvedunlessyouhavethefocustopersevereFreedomisarecurringpointinKB´s Tempointhesongheexpresseshisfeelingofhisfreedomandwhathecandowithit.¨I'masfree asmyhaircutitorcombit,forgetit(lines47and48)thesimileI´masfreeasmyhairexplains hedoeswhathewantsandtheonlythingholdinghimbackishishead.Thesecondexampleof freedomcomesformlines66and67¨Explicitasever,viciousaseverchristianandclever,dissit anddismissitthisisjustbetter¨thisgoesbacktothethemebythe
ApLanguageAnalysisEssay
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Strengths–Onthespellingportionofthetest,Alexscoredatotalof13outof22questions correctly.Thisscorereflectshisspellingskillsareatanequivalentageof9–3,andagrade equivalentof4.4.Hedemonstratedgreatknowledgeandunderstandingofthewordsthatwere dictated.Alexremainedconfidentandspelledcorrectlymanywordsthatarecommonly misunderstoodDuringthewritingportion,Alexobtainedatotalof21outof24correctresponsesin aseven–minutetimespan.Ingeneral,Alexdisplayedeaseandconfidenceduringmostportionsof thetest.Heworkedquicklyandshowedfewerrors.Thestudentwasabletoquicklyreadthewords andplacethemtogethertomakeacorrectsentenceThestudentwritesatanageequivalenceof12 yearsold,and...showmorecontent...
Hewasontargetforhisageandgradelevel.Thestudentshowedexcellentpromiseinhisabilityto recognizeandidentifyletterswiththeirsounds.Alexworkedthroughthispartofthetestquickly withoutanysignsofstressoragitation.Hecontinuedtoflourishinthetestforpicturevocabulary whereheworkedpromptlyandfinishedthetestwithinafewminutesAlexwaseasilyableto identifythepicturesandwritedowntheirlabels.Thestudentdisplayedexcellentvocabularyand writingskillsforastudentthatspeakshisnativelanguageathome.Inmathematics,Alex'sstrongest pointwasmathfluency.Althoughthescorewasslightlylow,itwasbecausehegrewalittletiredat thispointandbecameslightfrustrated.Inmathfluency,hescored31correct,ageequivalenceof7–9,andgradeequivalenceof23Inmostofthemathfluencyproblems,Alexansweredmostofthem correctly.Subsequently,inthemathcalculationportion,hescored8correct,ageequivalenceof9–7, andgradeequivalenceof4.1.Alexwasabletoanswerequationsuptothreedigitsandtheoneto twodigitshewasabletocalculateinhisheadAttheend,hemadeacommentthathelovesmath buthewas
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ApEnglishLanguageAnalysis
TeachersneedtoteachELLstudentsEnglishorthography,morphology,andsyntax.Iwill recommendtotheinstructortoteacheachpartofspeechseparately.Therearemanygrammatical errorsthatstudentscanmake.Studentscannotbeoverwhelmedwiththediscussionofmany grammartopicsinonelesson.Itishardtodiscussortoexplaineachstrategythatworksbestfor eachpartofspeechbecausetheyaretoomanyTeachersshouldevaluatethestudentstodetermine whichstrategyworksbetteraccordingtothetopictobediscussedandthestudents.Teachersshould useavarietyofengagingteachingtechniquestodeliverthelesson(Celce–Murcia&Larsen–Freeman,1999,p7)Inmyopinion,theclassroomshouldbefunforthestudents
EllsEnglishLanguageAnalysis
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APEnglishLanguageandComposition
WritingaLiteraryCriticism
DefinitionofLiteraryCriticism
Forourpurposes,thisyear,wewillusethisinterchangeablywithCriticalLiteraryAnalysis.Next year,wemaydecidetoincludeTypesofLiteraryCriticism,butfornow,wewilladdressthecritical analysisofliteraryworksandhowtheydemonstratethemes.
Thekeywords:CriticalandAnalysis
Critical–Youneedtothinkandwritecriticallyexpresswhatapieceofliteraturemeans Analysis–Youneedtoanalyze,whichmeanstoexaminecarefully,andindetail,theessential elementsorpartsthatmakeameaningfulwhole
WritingtheIntroduction
Startwithameaningfulstatementthatintroducesthebigideaaboutthetopic,whichwill eventuallyshowmorecontent
Yet,hiseducationaboutthehazardsthatoccurinlifegrewtremendously,asHucknowunderstands howman'scrueltytowardsothersaremostresponsibleforthemuchoftheuglinessheencountered. Hisnewfoundlearningstillseemsabittwistedtohim,however,asthesocietyinwhichhelives teachesthatslaveryislawfulwhiletheBibleteachesbrotherhoodandlove.Thehypocrisyhe comprehendsendsupconfirmingwhatHuckhasvaluedallalong:so–calledcivilityisbutagesture, onewhichhecannotabide.Thus,Huckgoeswestinattemptstoescapethetrappingsanddangersof civility;yet,asseenintoday'sworld,thehypocrisyisinescapable.Thewesthasdeveloped,and withthedevelopment,thecruelty,hypocrisyanddangershasrisentoevengreaterheightsInthe landofthefreeandequal,peopleareshunnedbecauseoftheirethnicitiesorreligiousaffiliations; peopleshoototherpeoplewithautomaticweapons;homelessnessthrivesalongsidewealthand prosperity.AndjustasHuckleberryFinnstruggledtoseparatehisdeformedconsciencefromhis soundheart,humansmustwrestletofindcompassionintheirhearts,reformtheirconsciences,and juxtaposetheirheartsandconsciencestoguidethemtorighteous
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ApEnglishLanguageAndAnalysisEssay
Inschooltime,Istudiedthelanguagefrom3rdto13thgrade(finalgrade:8/10).Igotthe qualificationforB1atB2levelsduringtheBA.Thankstotheexchangesemestersabroad,the Master'sDegreeandtheMasterinEuropeanStudies,entirelytaughtinEnglish,Icouldenhancemy spokenandwrittenproductioninacademiccontexts.BeingEnglishtheworkinglanguageatthe EMLoffice,Istrengthenedmyproficiencyinallformalcontexts
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MySpokenLanguageAnalysis
TheStudyofLinguistics
Languagechangeswithhistoryandtime.Ourperceptionofwordschanges.Everythingchanges, fromcookingwithafiretocookingwithamicrowave.Someexamplesofthewayslanguage changesarethroughaccents,books,slang,influentialpeople,andhistoricalevents Accentsshowdevelopmentofcultureovertime,maybethroughahistoricalevent,suchasanew countrybeingfound.Thepeoplelivingtheremightadoptthecultureofthefounders.Languagealso changes,fromusingdifferentsoundsinwords,whicharecalledphonemesor"segmentsthat differentiatewords"(FromkinandBrace303).TheEnglishlanguagehasabout43different phonemes,suchasOH,EE,etc,whichmakeupourlanguage.showmorecontent
Maybetheirculturesaysitismandatorytohaveeverythinginonelongcontinuossentence,while othersmoreadvancedmayfollowtherulestotheveryletter.
Howcanlanguagehavemeaning?Throughtimeitmayloseandgainnewmeaning,forexample throughthingssuchashistoricaloccurrences.Imagineduringthewar,awholenewkindoflingo spreadinglikewildfirethroughfightingcountries."Thestudyofhowlanguagecontainsmeaningis calledsemantics"(Friend145),andthroughthiswecanseewhathasoccurredandwhatwilloccur, kindoflikeatimemachinerightbeforeoureyeswhichwehavetoconstantlystudytousecorrectly. TherearemanydifferentinfluentialpeoplewhohaveamajoreffectonourlivesFamily,friends, andeventhoseinourpoliticalsystemorgovernmentmayaffectourlivesinbothpositiveand negativeways.Influentialpeoplealsoplayapartinourevolutionoflanguage.Influentialpeople cancoinwordsanddomanyotherthingsthatwillaffectourlanguageTheymayuseonewordthat hasbecomeahabittothem,butdotheyknowtheymightmakeitahabitforamillionpeople?Ten million?Thewholeworld?Thisexampleisshowninspeechesofimportantpeople,booksofall kinds,andespeciallythroughtelevisionandmovies.InmylifeIknowthatmyfriendsandImake upsayingsallthetimethatareusedbymanypeople.Itis
TheStudyofLinguisticsEssay
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Thefocusofthiseventwasprimarilycenteredaroundtheconceptofcodedlanguage,butalsohow sexandraceareeffectingdemocracyinourdayandtime.Codedlanguageisknowntodelegitimize orinsultaperson,denyapersonoftheirhumanity,question"WhocanbeAmerican?",andreinforce biases.SomeexamplesofTrumpusingcodedlanguagecanbeseenwhenheassumedthatMr. Carey,adevoutTrumpsupporterwhoattendedarallyofTrump'stogivehimaletter,wasathug hiredtodisrupttherally.AnothertimecanbeseenwhenTrumpassumedthatajudgeofMexican heritagewasfromMexicoeventhoughhehadbeenbornandraisedinIndiana.Someexamplesof Hillaryusingcodedlanguagecanbeseenwhenshemadetheassumptionthat
ExampleOfCodedLanguageAnalysis
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Iadjustmylanguageinpubliccomparedtolanguageathomeforpeopleinsocietyfreelyjudgeeach other.Throughoutthedayathome,I'mverycomfortablewithmylanguagebecauseforthemost part,thereisnoonecorrectingitasIspeak.Languagecanchangeinpublic,talkingwithfriends, andespeciallyinyourownprivatespace.
InpublicIhavetorevisethewayIspeakbecauseIfeelI'mbeingjudgedallthetimeItisimportant tospeakwellwhenyouareoutinpublicsinceit'sthelanguagethatmattersthemost.Also,whenI leavehome,ItendtofluctuatemylanguageaccordingtotheplacesIattend.
Talkingtomyfriendsathomeitcanbelikewhat'suporIhearyouandy'allshouldhaveseenthis, examplesofnonstandardEnglish.
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PublicLanguageAnalysis
Humanbeingsandnon–humanbeingscommunicatewitheachotherwithacodelikesystemknown aslanguage.Languagehas4macro–functionstoperform,i.e.ideational,interpersonal,textualand poetic.Thesystematicstudyofthesefunctionsandtheunderstandingofthewaythelanguageis acquiredandusedinspokenandwrittentextisknownasLinguistics.Linguisticsfocusesmainlyon thesound,syntacticandmeaninglevelofalanguageunderthenamesofPhonetics,Syntaxand semantics/PragmaticsasthecoreofLinguistics.Further,itisrelatedtoeveryfieldoflife.Linguist startedworkingonthesefieldsofLinguisticsandtriedtoimplementtheminthelife.Thisbecameto beknownasAppliedLinguisticsbutinthebeginning,itwasmorelikeLinguisticsApplied,ie applicationofLinguistics.AppliedLinguisticsisabroadand...showmorecontent...
Aspeechtherapist,ateacher,anexpertwitnessincriminalcase,anadvertisingcopywriter, historian,literaryscholar,dictionarywriter,agroupofcivilservants,computerprogrammer,a zoologist,amedicalsociologistandmanymorefacesprofessionalproblemsandneedthehelpof AppliedLinguisticsfortheirsolutionsAccordingtoMoutondeGruyter,thescopeofApplied Linguisticsinclude:"LanguageAcquisition(L1andL2),Psycho/Neuro–linguistics,Language Teaching,Sociolinguistics,HumorStudies,Pragmatics,DiscourseAnalysis/Rhetorics,Text/ Processing/Translation,ComputationalLinguistics–MachineTranslation,CorpusLinguistics, LanguageControl/Dialectology"(AlanDavies,2007).ThescopeofALhaswideneduptoalarge extendandencompassesalmosteveryfieldofliferelatedtolanguage,whetheritslanguageplanning orlanguagepolicies;languageandgenderorlanguageandthemedia,etc.Inshort,Applied Linguisticshastodoanyandeverythingwiththe
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AppliedLinguisticsEssay
Languageinsocietyisconstantlybeingspokeninseveraldifferentways–whetherthatconsistsof speakingindifferentlanguages,orcommunicatingdifferentlywhenspeakingandwriting. Furthermore,languageisoftendescribedaswordsusedtocommunicateamongstothersaroundyou. Asyoubecomeolder,youquicklyrealizethatlanguagecomeswithmuchmorethanwords.Many languages;ifnotall,haveseveraldifferentdialects–sometothepointwherethewordscan'tbe recognizedwhatsoever.Consequently,it'snotonlyimportanttorecognizetheinnumerabledifferent formsoflanguagevarieties,buttounderstandwhatlanguagevarietiesyoucommandindifferent dailysituations
FoundationofMyLanguage
Languageandlanguageidentityhasplayedsignificantroleinmylife.Growingup,Ihavegone throughcountlessdifferentexperiencesofhowlanguageidentityhasinfluencedmeregardingmy formofcommunicationMyparentswerebothbornintheUnitedStatesofAmerica–bothgrowing upinTacoma,Washington.Withinthemistofgrowingolder,Iwouldreplicatehowmyparents wouldspeakandpronouncewords.Thisultimatelybecamemyfoundationforlearninghowto communicatewithothers–betteryet,myguidetolearninghowtospeakEnglish.Thoughthereisa plethoraofdifferentnativelanguagesindividualscanidentifythemselveswith,Englishhasbeena verydifficultconundrumtosolvethroughoutmylifeManypeoplearoundtheworldcanidentifya nativetongueto
Language:LanguageAndLanguage
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Formysixthpaper,Iwouldliketotalkaboutthe"I"language.Thislanguageisapartofthe languageofresponsibility.Ittakesan,"It"statementtoan,"I"statement,makingargumentsor fightslesspossible.OneexampleIhaveofthisisfromasituationIhadatworkwithcoworker. MycoworkerandIweretakinganelderlypatientdownforanX–raytest,herhusbandcamewith usMycoworkerwasalsoavolunteerfirefighter,sohewasusedtoworkingataveryfastpaceI hadtokeeppushingbackonthebedtoslowhimdownbecauseIcouldseethehusbandwashaving difficultykeepingupwithus.WhilewewereintheX–rayroomwehelpedpositionherforthe picturesMycoworkertreatedhermorelikeanobjectinthewaythananelderlywomanwitha brokenhip.Herippedthepillowoutfrombehindhertomoveitoutofthewayandhitherhead.He wasveryabruptwithher,movingquickandmutteringquietly,"Gottadothisforthetest,itwon't takelong."Iwasinshockandtriedtoapologizetothepatientandletherknowthatassoonasthe testwasoverIwouldhelphergetcomfortableagain.IsmiledatthehusbandasiftosayIamso sorryformycoworker'sbehaviorOncethejobwasdoneandthepatientwassafelyand comfortablybackinherroom,Ipulledmycoworkeraside.Iwantedtoscreamathimandaskhimif thatishowhewouldtreathismother,butIdidn't.IdecidedthatifIlethimknowhowthesituation mademefeel,itwouldn'tcomeacrosslikeIwasattackinghim.Isaid,"Thatjobmademefeelvery uncomfortable,Iunderstandthatyouareusedtocarrying...showmorecontent...
Thisisveryusefulbecauseyouaren'tassumingoraccusingtheotherperson;youarestatinghow theirbehaviororactionhasaffectedyou,whichtheotherpersonmaynotevenbeawareof.Non–confrontationalpeoplelikemyself,getalotofuseoutof"I"
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ILanguage:ALanguageAnalysis
1984Example:Power,R&OLanguagetechniqueEffectDoublethink,Room101,bigbrother, thoughtcrime,2+2=5,memoryholeConcepts,representationThebranchpartiesfromthemain branchwasseentorepresentastoolsinensuringtheirsurvival–broughtintimidation,fear,skewed educationandmakesthepartylookbigger,thusmakingrebelliontobefutile.Whocontrolsthepast controlsthefuture;whocontrolsthepresentcontrolsthepastPlosiveconsonant /Euphemism/parallelThepartysloganparallelstotheactivitythepartydoestoensureitssurvival–thepartymakessurethe'past'lookslikeslavery,thuscompellingpeopletoworktowardtheparty's goalsIntherealitythepastisusedasthecontrolconditionsofthefuturegoals,whichcreatesa dystopia.Warispeace,freedomisslavery,ignoranceisstrength...showmorecontent...
LordofTheFliesExample:PowerLanguagetechniqueEffect"WhatImeanis...maybeit'sonly us"Ellipses/symbolismProposesthatperhapsthebeastisonlytheboysthemselves.Althoughthe otherboyslaughoffSimon'ssuggestion,Simon'swordsarecentraltoGolding'spointthatinnate humanevilexistsSimonisthefirstcharacterinthenoveltoseethebeastnotasanexternalforce butasacomponentofhumannature."youdon'tknowRoger.He'saterror...–terror–...–only Roger–."ellipsesShowtheoutcomefromtheeffectsofpowerisfearandthatthepowertoforces one'smindtoinastateofdystopia.Ralphhadstoppedsmilingandwaspointingintothelagoon. Somethingcreamylayamongthefernyweeds."Astone.""No.Ashell."ItisRalph,notPiggy,who bothfindsandidentifiestheshellPiggygoesontoexplaintheconch'ssoundtoRalph,butRalphis theonewhomakestheinitialdiscoveryandtakespossession.Thisisimportant,astheconchlater enablesRalph(andnotPiggy)tobecome
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LordOfTheFliesLanguageAnalysisEssay
Musicisalanguage,itdepictsafeelinginwayswordscannot.Andthearticulatemessageofmusic illuminatesthewonderfulrealityofthepresent.Idefinemyselfasanobserverinaworldwithmany happenings.IseewhopeopleareandIdescribethemthroughmymusic.Iwillreiteratethepower musichas,notonlydoesitportrayfeelingsbutproducesamessage.HereintheRoaringTwenties masscultureisthewayoftheworld,mymusicgivesmeavoicethatIhopetousetoinstigate change.IrecallthedayJayGatsbyapproachedmeasifitwasjustsecondsago.Iwasstillunknown, earningmymoneyasasongpluggerinTinPanAlley.Dayswentbyandeverythingwasasusual untilthedayInoticedamanstaringatmeButthatisnotshowmorecontent
Thereisnooneelseitisjusther,fortherestofmylife,"hedrawled.FromthereonIwrote,Iused hisloveherandalongwithmybrotherIrawroteoursong"I'veGotBeginner'sLuck".I,tothisday, believeitperfectlyencompassesnotonlythelovethatGatsbyhasforDaisybutwhatitisliketo love.Itisexcitingandunbelievableandhardtoexplain.Thatiswhatmusicisforisn'tit,givinga meaningtothemostmemorableaspectsoflifeAnywaysIarrivedatGatsby'shousethedayofthe party,bothnervousandexcited.AsIenteredIwasentrancedatthesceneinfrontofme,facesthat werefamiliarpassedby,Iwasstarstruck.Iwatchedaseveryonedanced,anddrank,andhadjust enjoyedallthatwaspresentedtothem.Ifoundthebandandhandedthemmycompositions.Igotup onthestagereadytoconduct,beforeIbeganIturnedaroundandmadeImadeeyecontactwith Gatsby,nexttohimwashisDaisy,hegavemealittlenodandIturnedbackandbeganthesong FollowingtheperformanceIturnedaroundtoseeGatsby,all
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TheGreatGatsbyLanguageAnalysis
Thistranscript,anextracttakenfromoneofthecreativewritingcontrolledassessmentsIsubmitted formyGCSEEnglishLanguagestudies,isasociolectbetweentwoEast–EndLondoners.The complicityandthenaturallanguageemployedwithinthisprivateexchangedenotealong–term relationshipbetweentwomiddle–class,middle–agedwomen,onthesameintellectuallevelwhoare havingatease–aliteral'dig'–windingeachotherwhilecarryingoutcasualgardeningworkThe socialattitudestowardsthewaythesemature'ladies'areinteractingwoulddifferdependingonthe settingwheretheirconversationwashappening.Theiruseofsexualreferenceswouldbemost inappropriateinachild'senvironmentorinthepresenceofimmaturechildrenshowmore content...
Itsrepertoirewouldrequiresomeadjustmentsifitweretobeunravellinginachild'senvironmentor amongstconservativeorsensitiveadults.Myopinionisthatthecontentofthistranscriptis theatrical,avirtualcomedynotintendedforminorsandpeopleeasilyoffendedinanerawhere 'shockingistheword'Withcertainty,itcouldpassforpartofanovellaorascriptforatelevision sitcom.Afterall,Cockneyshavedevelopedanindomitablespiritandareputationforhumour.
NowhereisthismoreevidentthanintheplayfuldistortionoftheEnglishlanguageknownas CockneyRhyming
GcseEnglishLanguageAnalysis
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