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To;}n] 8'ª8\ ª ' t\ L 9ndf gfs y'Gb} a'9f] kf]v/Lsf] Eofu'tfem}F k'k/'{ f] ;dfpg'knf{ ljrf/ u/ cfh} kfgLsf] s'g} e/ x'Fbg} efl:;Psf] lsgf/ p7\g] s'g} nx/ x'Fbg} . (babusaman@gmail.com)

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sfdsf] rfk a9]sf]n] labf lng] km';b{ gePsf] xf] . …of/, efph" t ;f/} wd{eL¿ x'gx' G' 5 . t}n F ] To:tL >LdtL kfpg' t]/f] hLjgs} cxf]efUo xf] . a'lem;\ dx]z <Ú czf]ssf] k|z; + fdf leqleq} v';L x'G5' t/ hfx]/ x'g lbGgF / ;fdfGo efjd} k|s6 x'G5', …;Gt'li6sf lx;fan] d 3/af6 krf; k|ltztdfq} ;Gt'i6 5 .Ú …lsg / < ;Gt'li6nfO{ klg k|ltztdf cfFSg ;lsG5 <Ú pm dfofsf] ul0ftsf] efiff / efj ga'em]sf] z}nLdf ;f]W5 . d nfdf] pR5jf; 5f8]/ cfkm\gf kL8fsf t'gf qmdzM km'sfpg yfN5' . …d k"js { f] dflg; . sf7df8f}dF f a;]sf] cfhsf ldlt;Dd nueu aL; jif{ eO;Sof] . /fhwfgL l5bf{ d;Fu hLpdf nufPsf] Ps yfg ;Unf] n'uf, Pp6f gfOs Aofu / Aofuleq d]/f] / >LdtLsf] 3/df a:bf nufOg] km]¿jf n'uf lyof] . To;eGbf afx]s hDdfhDdL ToxL Ps yfg >LdtLdfq lyOg\ . /fhwfgL vfN8f]leq hLjgsf] gf}sfnfO{ ;fx;sf ;fy rnfpgsf nflu d;Fu d]/f] cWoogsf] dfgl;s an / >LdtLsf] b/f] zfGTjgfafx]s c? s]xL lyPg .Ú …clg <Ú …d]rL SofDk;af6 dfgljsL km\ofsN6Ldf aL=P= kf; u/]kl5 dnfO{ ;aeGbf klxn] Pp6f /fd|f] hflu/sf] cfjZostf lyof] . d}n] h'g dª\l;/df aL=P= kf; u/],F ToxL ;fn df3df 3/kl/jf/sf] lh2Lsf sf/0f cfOP kf; ePsL s]6L;Fu lax] eof] . xfd|f] ;dfhdf ;/sf/L hflu/nfO{ h;/L xQ] xfn]/ x]l/G5, To;sf] k|efj ddf klg k/]sf] lyof] . ;don] dnfO{ ;lhn} hflu/ ldnfOlbg] hf]xf] gu/]s} a]nfdf stfstfaf6 s]s] u/L xf], d]/f] efudf Ps yfg s]6L >LdtL ag]/ cfOk'uL . lhGbuLnfO{ s'g} lkm/fb gu/L efudf k/]sL s]6LnfO{ ;sf/]F .Ú …clg <Ú …d}n] slxn] klg lg/fzfnfO{ 5ftLleq k|jz ] f1f lbOgF . d k9fOdf cf};t vfnsf] ljBfyL{ . g t d}n] slxn] :6«flkg} vfPF g km\ofsN6L 6k eP/ :sn/l;k g} kfPF . d 3/sf] dflxnf], :s'n / SofDk;df klg ;w}F dflxnf] /x]F . ;fyLx? eGg] uy],{ …of] d:tL d/]sf] dflg; xf] . o;nfO{ g s;}sf] lhtdf lhGbfjfb dgfpg' 5 g s;}sf] xf/df d'bf{jfb . s;}nfO{ s]xL eGb}g . g jfbljjfb g k|lt:kwf{ . lbP lnG5, glbP lkm:; xfFl;lbG5 . r'krfk o;sf] lghL z}nL xf] .Ú xf], cfh;Dd klg s;};uF s]xL u'gf;f] 5}g . SofDk;df cf};t bhf{sf] ljBfyL{ eP klg clncln hfg]ae' m]sf / lSno/ u/]sf s]6fx? sIffsf vf; u/L :qLlnª\uL ;fyLsf cufl8 cfkm"nfO{ tfdemfdsf ;fy k|:t't uy]{ . dnfO{ klg slxn]sfxLF To:tf ;fyLsf] ;ª\ut afWotfjz ug'{ kb{Yof] . To:tfa]nf ltgLx? k]r kg]{ u/L eGy], …of] df]/f] 3';3';] xf] . aflx/af6 zAbfª\s/' df3 @)^&

10

;kmf hf]uLsf] xfpefp u5{ t/ leqleq} sDdn cf]9/] l3p vfG5 .Ú abnfdf d lkm:; xfFl;lbGy]F . To:tf ;+jfbsf] ;f6f]df s'g} lsl;dsf] k|ltlqmof lbg' kg]{ xf] jf gkg]{ xf] < of]hgf agfPsf] x'Ggy]F . …hf] a9L af]N5, To;n] af]n/] u/]sf] Pp6f uNtLnfO{ 9fs5f]k ug{ s}of}F uNtL af]Ng'k5{ . dnfO{ o; s'/fsf] x]Ssf /fd|/L lyof] . To;}n] gaf]n/] } 6fl/lbGyF] / gaf]n/] } lhltlbGy]F . gaf]n/] } ;d:ofx? 6fg{ ;lsG5 eGg] d]/f] cledt clxn]sf] j}jflxs hLjgdf klg sfd nflu/x]sf] 5 . sd af]Ng] :jefjs} sf/0f >LdtL;Fu slxNo} s6fIf / sf6df/ ePg . o; dfg]df d v';L 5' .Ú …clg <Ú …d}n] ufh]g{ :t/af6 df3df lax] u/]F . To;kl5 sf7df8f}F cfpg gfO6 a;sf] l6s6 lnPF . lax]df uf]8f wf]Psf k};f nueu t'l/O;s]sf lyP . sG;];gdf b'Oc { f]6f l6s6 lnP/ emf]nf s;]F . l6s6 lbg] a]nfdf latf{df]8 sfpG6/df d]/f] aLPsf] kl/rokqdf Eofln8 8]6 ;RofPsf] egL a;sf sd{rf/Ln] Joª\Uo u/]sf lyP t/ d}n] …lbg] eP r'krfk lbP x'G5 glbg] eP s/s/ gu/] x'G5Ú elglbPF . a;x? vfnLvfnL sf7df8f}F cfpg]hfg] uy]{ . ofq'sf] rfkfrfk lyPg . o;}n] cGTodf pm cfkm} uNof] / dnfO{ b'Oc { f]6} l6s6df sG;];g ldnfOlbof] .Ú …sf7df8f}F hfg kfOg] cfzfdf d]/L gjb'nxLsf] e'OdF f v'§f lyPg . ev{/ lax] u/]sf hf]8L xfdL, 3/sf] cfly{s l:ylt Tolt /fd|f] lyPg . uf]8f wf]Psf] k};f klg ;a} ;lsO;s]sf] lyof] . xfd|f] cj:yf /ftel/ lax]df clgbf] a;]sf] ef]sf] hGtLsf] h:tf] lyof] . d hjfkmljxLg lyPF . pm k|Zgn] l/lQPsL h:tL lyO{ . o;/L xfd|f] lhGbuLsf] gfO6 a; lbgsf] b'O{ ah]/ tL; ldg]6df latf{df]8af6 lxF8o\ f] . c? t c? xfdLn] nfxfgdf xfkmxfkm ;fbf eft vfof}F+ . ;Fus } f] 6]anlt/ a]/fn] df;' NofpFbf xfdL cfkm"nfO{ zfsfxf/L eGYof}F / df;'sf] Eofs xf]nf eg] h:tf] Jojxf/ uYof}+{ t/ jf:tljstf To:tf] lyPg . d ;fg}bl] v df;' eg]kl5 x'¿Ss} x'g] dflg; . k};f gx'bF f To; lbg d}n] cfFtn] dfUbfdfUb} klg OR5f df/]/ eft vfPF . Toltv]/ d lr;f] eft sd / tftf ;kgfx? sNkgfdf a9L ld7f] dfg]/ vfFb} lyPF . >LdtL s] vfFb} lyO{ < jl/kl/ dflg; ePsf sf/0f d}n] ;f]lwgF / pgn] klg elgg .Ú …o;/L xfdL k}FtfnL; ;fndf /fhwfgL l5¥of}F . 5ofnL; ;fndf d}n] v/bf/sf] nf]s ;]jf kf; u/]F / sfe|d] f kf]l:6ª ePF . csf]{ ;fn ;'Aaf lgsfn]F / bf]nvf uPF . ToxL ;fnsf] a}zfvsf] klxnf] xKtfb]lv 5ofnL;sf] hgcfGbf]ngkl5sf] cGtl/d zf;g ;'¿ eof] . tLgtLg jif{;Dd d}n] Pp6} 8]/fdf a;]sL >LdtLnfO{ klg /fd|/L x]l/gF / zfvf clws[tsf] k/LIffdf ;fd]n eP/ ;/Ss} gfd lgsfn]F . zAbfª\s/' df3 @)^&

11

k/LIffsf] tof/L ubf{ d klqsf cf]9g\ ] cf]5o\ fpg] uy]+{ . To;aLr xfdL nf]Ug]:jf:gLsf] slt lbg;Dd t af]nrfn klg ePg . p;sf] / d]/f] cfjZostf Pj+ k|fyldstf km/s lyof] t/ klg d}n] clws[tsf] k/LIff kf; ug'd{ f p;sf] klg xft lyof] . hgo'4 sfnLg ;dodf d'ns ' sf w]/} lhNnfdf km'6an z}nLdf ;¿jf ePF, ha ls dflxnf] gDa/df l;kmfl/; x'g] df}sf kfPsf] lyPF . To;kl5 /fhwfgLd} a:g] OR5fn] dGqfnodf ;¿jf dfu]F .Ú …clg <Ú …clg e6fe6 5f]/f5f]/Lx? eP . d hflu/sf] bfDnf]df afFlwP klg d]/L hLjg;ª\lugLn] cg]s b'Mv u/]/ 5f]/f5f]/Lx? x'sf{O{ . d oxfFlg/ eg] p;sf nflu s]jn ;xof]uL kfqsf ?kdf dfq pkl:yt lyPF . sf/0f d]/f] hflu/sf] k|sl[ t g} To:t} lyof] Jo:t eO/xg'kg]{ lsl;dsf] . s]6fs]6Lx? af]l8{ª hfg yfn]kl5 eg] >LdtLn] klg ;fgf]ltgf] hflu/ vfg yfnL . o;/L p;n] dnfO{ x/t/xn] ;xof]u u/L .

To;kl5 dnfO{ hLjgdf ;tk|ltzt v';Lsf] cg'el" t eof] . d}n] ;fgf]df syfsf] lstfa k9]sf] lyPF . To;df n]lvPsf] lyof], …hLjg s]jn j;Gt xf]Og, of] t t';f/f] / lzlz/ klg xf] . km"nsf] sflng xf]Og, ;ª\3if{ klg xf] .Ú …d]/f] hLjgdf ePsf] klg To:t} 5 . ha d]/f 5f]/f5f]/Lx? clncln ub}{ x'sg{ yfn], ta dnfO{ ;Gtfg eg]sf ld7f emGem6 x'g\ eGg] a|Xd1fg eof] . afa'cfdfsf ljrf/ / OR5fdf ha ;Gtfgx? lxF8b\ g} g\, ta eg] afa'cfdfsf] dg s'lF 8bf] /}Ú5 . ;fgfdf k'Nk'NofPsf s]6fs]6Ln] afa'cfdfsf 6fpsfdf 6]Sbf /x]5g\ . dnfO{ klg To:t} eof] . k|jl] zsf k/LIff kf; u/]kl5 5f]/f5f]/Lx? kv]6f nfu]sf r/fsf aRrfem}F eP . pgLx? ha p8]/ a]nfot / cd]l/sf uP, To;kl5 PsfPs l/Qf] dx;'; u/]F . clxn] d]/f b'O{ ;GtfgdWo] Pp6f cd]l/sfdf 5 / csL{ a]nfotdf 5] . tkfO{+ oxfFsf lqmofklbs k|of]uaf6} :ki6 eO;Sg' eof] xf]nf d]/f] h]7f] 5f]/f] xf] / sfG5L 5f]/L xf] . clxn] klg pgLx?;Fu a]nfa]nf Od]ndf ;Dks{ eO/fV5 . cr]n pgLx?sf] b]z kmls{g] ljrf/ sd x'bF } 5 . x/]s Rof6df pgLx? xfdLnfO{ hflu/;flu/ 5f8]/ pt} cfpg eG5g\ . pgLx?dWo] Pp6fn] xfdL b'jn } fO{ cd]l/sf af]nfpF5 csL{n] a]nfot af]nfpF5] . sltk6s t d}n] ca xfd|f] d'ns ' df u0ftGq :yfkgf eO;Sof] . oxfF ca zflGt cfpF5 / ljsf; x'G5 . xfdLnfO{ af]nfpg aGb u/ a¿ ltd]? g} g]kfn cfcf] eGbf xfdLnfO{ t kfv] / ;fv] eg]/ tyfgfd kf] eg] . 9's/' sf] hf]8Lem}F xfdL o; pd]/df 5'l§g' /] Û nueu a'9o\ f}nLsf] of] k|jz ] åf/df xfdL afpcfdfnfO{ 5'§\ofpg vf]Hg] ltgLx?sf] s:tf] OR5f xf]nf < s] tkfO{+ b'Mv;'vdf ;fy lbPsL cfkm\gL k|f0fKof/L kTgLnfO{ a'9; ] sfndf 5f8\g ;Sg'xG' 5 < a'9; ] sfndf xfdLnfO{ g5'§\ofcf] zAbfª\s/' df3 @)^&

12

eg]/ d}n] …afujfgÚ sf] l8le8L lsg]/ PsPscf]6f kf;{n u/L b'jn } fO{ k7fOlbPF t}klg ltgLx?sf] dg kUn]g .Ú …dnfO{ ofb 5 czf]s hL, h'g a]nf d;Fu d]/L >LdtLafx]s s]xL lyPg, To;a]nf p;nfO{ kfP/ d}n] cfkm"nfO{ ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf efUodfgL 7fg]sf] lyPF . cfh d]/f] ;kmntf / ;Gt'li6sf] Bf]tsnfO{ g} daf6 5'6fP/ nfg] eG5g\ . o;n] ubf{ stfstf d ;+;f/s} b'MvL dflg; x'F ls h:tf] nfUg yfn]sf] 5 . ca tkfO{+ g} GofofwLz ag]/ d]/f] hLjgsf] d'2fsf] km};nf ul/lbg';\ . s] dnfO{ Gofo ldN5 < d}n] s] ug]{ < s] gug]{ < ;/sf/L hflu/df d}n] cfkm"nfO{ nueu k]G;gsf] cj:yfdf pEofPsf] 5' . d}n] lhGbuLel/ xf85fnf 3f]6/] sdfPsf] gfd, bfd / OHht r6Ss 5f8]/ s] d cfk|jf;L le;fdf hfpmF < nf]Ug] Psflt/ / :jf:gL csf]l{ t/ 5'l§g' /fd|f] xf] < a'9; ] sfndf Pscsf{sf] ;xf/f aGg] a]nfdf dnfO{ o:tf] efpFtf] cfOnfUof], czf]shL ÛÚ ± ± ± olt eg]/ d}n] czf]shLsf d'xf/df s] x]/s ] f] lyPF, pxfFsf cfFvfaf6 l6nlkn ub}{ c>'wf/f eml//x]sf] b]vF] . czf]shLnfO{ d]/fcufl8 To;/L k|:t't x'g cK7\of/f] eP5 . vNtLaf6 ¿dfn lgsfn]/ r:df lemsL pxfFn] gfs]8fF8Lb]lv cfFvfsf] b'j} efu k'5\ge' of] . olts}df ;xrfns nf]sGynL Û nf]sGynL Û eg]/ s/fof] . xfdL b'j} uf8Laf6 em¥of}F+ . a; :6];gb]lv 3/;Dd k'Ubf d / czf]shLsf aLr af]nrfn ePg . u]6 vf]n/] 3/leq k:bf gofF …8f]/ DofgÚ hftsf] s's/' hf]8hf]8n] e'ls/x]sf] lyof] . !"#

cg'/f]w zAbfª\s/' lghL If]qaf6 JolStut ?kdf p2]Zok"0f{ ;flxTo;]jfx]t' k|sflzt dfl;s ;flxlTos klqsf xf] . o;}n] cGoq ck|sflzt :jod\;j] L /rgfx? k7fO{ ;xof]u ul/lbg' x'g ;Dk"0f{ ;|i6fdf xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}F . Od]naf6 k|fKt x'g] /rgfx? ljgf s'g} ;fh;Hhf lk|tL kmG6df 6fOk u/L k7fpg'xg' ;d]t ljgd| lgj]bg ub{5f}F . zAbfª\s/' df3 @)^&

13

;dfnf]rgf

lkm/Gt] sljsf ufpF3/ lapFemfpg] sljtfx?

gGbnfn cfrfo{ tk]Zj/L !, pbok'/

zAbfª\s/' df3 @)^&

…d hxfF k'U5', ToxL d]/f] 3/ xf] . d}n] h] b'Mv em]nF] Tof] c?n] em]Ng' gk/f];\ eGg] cfsfª\Iff;lxt b'Mvsf] ;fu/ y'Gg d e|d0fsf] dfu{df nfu]sf] x'F . d k9]sf] dfG5] x}g, cIf/;Dd lrg]sf] dfG5] x'F . d 8'lnlxF8g\ ] / x/]s 7fpFsf] xfnva/ dgdf u'lg/xg] o; o'usf] gf/bh:tf] kfq x'F . d ;s'Gh]n lxF85 \ ' / hgtf hufO/xG5' . d h] b]V5', ToxL n]V5' . g]tfn] g]kfn vfPsf] b]Vbf, 1fg]Gb|n] g]kfn df;]sf] e]6b\ f, ;]gfn] hgtf df/]sf] kfpFbf, qmflGtsf/L x'F eGg]n] ;fdGtnfO{ 5f8]/ lgd'vf ju{nfO{ lk/f]n]sf] b]Vbf, 7"nfa8fn] ul/a lgd'vfnfO{ ;tfPsf] kfpFbf, jghª\un df;]/ df]hd:tL u/]sf] e]6b\ f 6'n6' n ' ' x]g{ ;lsgF / n]vF] . ltgLx?sf] st't{ hgtfsf ;fd' /flvlbPF . hgtfnfO{ ;'gfpFb} lxF8F] . d}n] cfd hgtfsf b'Mv / j]bgf n]Vg] / ufpg] u/]sf] 5' . d}n] kfPsf] s]xL 5}g . kfpg] nfnr /fv]/ ;+;f/ rxfb}{ lxF8s ] f] klg x}g t/ klg st} g st} s]xL g s]xL kfO/x]s} 5' . st} wDsL kfPF st} ufnLunf}h e]6F] st} kfunsf] ;+1f kfPF t st} duGt]sf] laNnf le/]F . s'gs } g' } ;Hhg dxfg'efjx?af6 eg] 7"nf] ;Gtf]if klg kfPF . o;n] ubf{ cfkm\gf] cleofgnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] 1fg e]66\ fPsf] 5' . /fd|f] sfd ePsf] kfpFbf u'gufgsf ufyf klg ufPsf] 5' . dnfO{ s;};Fu s]xL lng' / s]xL lbg' 5}g . g]tf ;k|/] ef]lnsf] k':tfsf nflu g] k fn arfOlbP, qmflGtsf/L Pj+ kl/jt{gsf/Lx?n] af6f] gla/fP / l;km{ hgtf hfu] clg ljs[ltsf lj¿4 nfu] d cfkm"nfO{ wGo 7fGg]5' .Ú n]vaxfb'/ sfsL{ .

14

ljZj dfgj ;Eotfsf lglDt ug]e{ Gbf u/fpg] 7"n " f] xf] . ;+;f/nfO{ cfFvf b]vfpg] JolSt cd"No lglw xf] . To;}n] klg pm ;dfhsf] clt g} dxÎjk"0f{ JolSt xf] . ;+;f/nfO{ x]g{ / lgofNg ;a};uF b'O{ rd{rIf' 5g\ . ;+;f/sf] jf:tljstf / dfG5]sf] dgnfO{ x]g{ ;Sg] x'g' g} 7"nf] s'/f] xf] . o;f] ug{ leqL dgsf] cfFvfaf6 dfq ;Dej 5 . o:t} dgsf / cfFvfsf wgL n]vs tyf sljsf] gfd xf] n]vaxfb'/ sfsL{ . @))& ;fn dª\l;/ !% ut] pbok'/ lhNnfsf] b'ud{ 7fpF a/fxf uflj; j8f g+= # df hGd]sf / xfn pbok'/nufot b]zsf s'gfsfKrf 3'Db} / j:t'l:ylt a'em\b} hgtfsf kIfdf sljtf / km'6s/ n]vx? n]Vb} cfPsf lkm/Gt] slj sfsL{n] @)%* ;fn ebf} !* ut]bl] v sljtf / km'6s/ n]vx? n]Vg yfn]sf x'g\ . clxn] pgn] 3'dlkm/ / n]vg sfo{df cfkm\gf] hLjg k"/} ;+nUg u/fPsf 5g\ . s'g} klg cf}krfl/s lzIff xfl;n gu/L ;fwf/0f n]vk9 u/]sf sfsL{sf] 3'dlkm/ / :jfWoogsf] bfo/f lgs} km/flsnf] 5 . o;sf] k'li6 pgsf dg} sNkfpg] /rgfx?n] ub{5g\ . g]kfnL ;flxTosf] 9's6' Ldf slj n]vaxfb'/ sfsL{n] …hLjg k'l:tsf;ª\u|xÚ -@)^%_ gfdsf] sljtf s[lt lbPsf 5g\ . x[bo sNkfpg] tfut ePsf ;|i6f sfsL{sf] snd k|frLg ;+:s[t, kf}/fl0fs, /fli6«o Oltxf;, hgo'4, snf, ;flxTo / ljz]if u/]/ /fhgLltk|lt nxl;Psf] 5 .

3'dlkm/d} hLjg latfpFb} cfPsf ;|i6f sfsL{n] C0f sf9]/ lgsfn] …hLjg k'l:tsf;ª\ux| Ú -@)^%_ . pgL oxL sljtfs[lt hgtfnfO{ a]Rb} / sljtf ;'gfpFb} afFrs ] f 5g\ . pgsf cfwf bh{g hlt n]v / sljtfsf kf08'lnlkx? k|sfzgsf] kvf{Odf /x]sf 5g\ . kl/is[t efiffz}nL pgsf /rgfdf kfOFbg} g\ t/ kl/is[t efj eg] cjZo kfOG5g\ . hflu/] hLjgn] ef}lts ;'v lbP klg zflGtsf nflu eg] hgtfsf] lk/dsf{nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sg'k5{ eGg] pgsf] syg 5 . To;}sf/0f klg pgL snds} e/df afFrs ] f 5g\ eGg ;lsG5 . l;d]G6 sf/vfgf, pbok'/n] $ jif{;Dd hflu/ lbP klg pgL To;df ;Lldt /xg ;s]gg\ . sf/0f ;dfhdf JofKt lyrf]ldrf], zf]if0f / bdgnfO{ pgn] 6'n6' n ' ' x]//] lrQ a'emfpg ;s]gg\ . of] s'/f pgsf sljtf k9\bf emn{ªu\ x'G5 . /ft ;lsPkl5 cjZo pHofnf]sf] piffsfn cfpF5 . x/t/xn] kLl8t hgtfsf] rx¥ofO/x]sf] 3fpdf dnxdk§L nufPkl5 cjZo kL8f sd xFb' } hfG5 / 3fpdf vf6f a:5 . ToxLF pHofnf] eljio b]vf kb{5 . zf]liftkLl8t hgtfk|lt uDeL/ rf;f] /fVg', /fi6« / /fli6«otfk|lt uDeL/ ;+jb] gzLn / ;r]t /xg', ;dfhk|ltsf] bfloTjaf]wsf] cfefif x'g,' cu|ufdL /fhgLlts r]tgfn] cf]tk|ft] /xg' / ;fdGtL ;+:sf/, bf; dgf]jl[ Q / ;fdflhs Pj+ cfly{s zf]if0fn] nf6f] kfl/Psf dgx? lapFemfpg' clg lg/fz hgtfsf dgdf cfF6 / pT;fx 5g'{ slj sfsL{sf k|dv ' ljz]iftf x'g\ . sfsL{ k];j] / n]vs xf]Ogg\ . Tof] v'aL pgdf gxf]nf t/ pgL ufpF3/ lapFemfpg] 7]Ssf cfkm}n] kfPsf] 7fGb5g\ / cfh;Dd cfkm\g} sndsf] k/fqmdn] afFrs ] f 5g\ . sf/0f pgL @$ 306fdf !^ 306f hlt lxF85 \ g\ / hxfF h]n] 5f]of] sljtf n]Vg yflnxfN5g\ . To;}n] pgL k];j] / slj n]vsh:tf b]lvP klg k};fsf] kl5 bu'bg{} g\ . sfsL{ b'Mvsf] zAbfª\s/' df3 @)^&

15

sfF8f3f/Ldf 6]s/] lxFl8/x]sf 5g\ . cfheGbf pgfg;f7L jif{cl3b]lv pgL cgj/t b'Mv lkpFb} 5g\ . pbok'/sf csf{ slj uDeL/axfb'/ yfkfn] af]/f cf]9/] / af]/f nufP/} hgtf hufpFb} hLjg latfP . To:t} sljtf n]Vb} / hgtf hufpFb} lxF8g\ ] t/ af]/f g} wf/0frflxF gug]{ csf{ ;fwssf ?kdf hlGdP n]vaxfb'/ sfsL{ . o'4 kl/jt{gsf nflu x'G5 . gf}nf] cfefif e]6g\ sf nflu x'G5 . b]z / hgtfsf] d'lStsf nflu x'G5 . o'4 /x/sf] ljifo xf]Og afWotf xf] . o'4df Hofg lng] / lbg] sfd x'G5 . g]kfnsf] hgo'4df Hofg lng] / lbg] qmd rln/xFbf slj n]vaxfb'/ sfsL{n] n]v] M d t d/]F b':dgsf] uf]nL vfO{ 5f]/f] dof]{ eGb]pm g a'jfnfO{ eft klg kfSb} lyof] x]/ To; a]nf ;]gfn] kf/L xfNof] TolQ v]/ km]nf .

-g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] hgljb|fx] M pbok'/sf] 36gf, k[i7 M @_ g]kfnLx? Pscfk;d} n8]/ dg'k{ g]{ ljjz kl/l:ylt lyof] . hgtfsf] o'4df nfu]/ sfFwdf /fOkmn le/]/ dg'{ jL/tfsf] d/0f xf] . ;fdGtx?sf] kfp df]n/] lhpg' sfo/tfsf] d/0f xf] . sfo/tfsf] d/0feGbf jL/tfsf] d/0f s}of}F u'0ff pQd xf] eGg] 7fg]/ slj sfsL{n] bz jif]{ hgo'4nfO{ x[bob]lv :jfut u/] t/ /f]u} gnfuL dg'k{ /]sf] ljjztfnfO{ eg] cf]sNg 5f8]sf 5}gg\ = = cem} klg k[YjLn] slQ ef]u vfG5 g]kfnLsf] d/0f eof] ge}sg /f]u o:tf] s'/f ljrf/ ubf{ cfpF5 5ftL lrl/P/ bz jif{;Dd n8\of} /fOkmn le/]/ .

-g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] hgljb|fx] M pbok'/sf] 36gf, k[i7 M %_ bz jif]{ hgo'4 yfldof] t/ lgisif{df k'Ug ;s]g . o'4lj/fd;Fu} gf}nf] ;"of]b{ o eof] eGg] ;a}nfO{ nfu]sf] lyof] t/ eg]h:tf] / ;f]rh ] :tf] ePg . g]kfnL g]tfg]ts [ f] /fhgLlt a'em]/ a'emL g;Sg'sf] 5 . hlt cfof]u ag] klg lgD5/f JolStx? g} hNg afWo 5g\ . o;} qmddf cem} v'g aUg] cfzª\sf ub}{ slj eGb5g\ = = km]l/ klg k5{ Sof/] ul/a hgtf ¿g g]kfndf aU5 Sof/] gbLh:t} v'g g]kfnsf] emf/kft ;a} /fd|f] cfkm\gf] bfh'efOsf] n8fOF g/fd|f] .

-g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] hgljb|fx] M pbok'/sf] 36gf, k[i7 M ^ / &_ zAbfª\s/' df3 @)^&

16

ljb]zd'vL c/fhstf lgDTofpg] klg g]tf, ToxL k/fsfi7fsf] c/fhstf lgd{n " sf lglDt hgtf xf]Dg] klg g]tf . o'4, cfGbf]ngsf] d}bfgdf dg{ k5{ hgtfn] t/ af6f]dfq b]vfpF5g\ g]tfn] . hxfF hf] d/] klg hgtf g} d/], ul/a afpcfdfs} ;Gtfg larNnLdf k/] . g]kfn / g]kfnL kl5 kg'd{ f g]kfndf hGd]sf emf/kft ;/xsf cb"/bzL{ g]tfx? x'g\ eGg] 7x/ slj sfsL{sf] 5 . x'gt Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08n] eg]em}F 1fg]Gb|sf] nft gvfO{ g]tfx?sf] r]t v'ng] / dfcf]jfbLsf] xft geO{ afx| a'Fb] ;xdlt x'bF } zflGt k|lqmof cl3 a9]g . o;/L ;a} y/Lsf dte]b hgtfsf] gfddf e'n/] g]tfg]t[x? hgtfsf nflu Ps 7fpFdf x'g] xf] eg] g]kfn / g]kfnLnfO{ b'Mv lbg] cfF6 s;}sf] x'g] lyPg . gful/s ;jf]R{ rtf / hgtfsf] :jflwgtf lj¿4 nfUg] ;fdYo{ s;}df x'g] lyPg . o;} ;Gbe{df slj sfsL{ eG5g\ = = )%@ ;fnsf] n8fOF g]tfn] u/fO )^# ;Dd hgtf w]/} d/fO of] ;a} x]/L NofpFbf g]tfsf] v]nf hgtfdf cfpFb} 5 x} ;r]t x'g] a]nf .

-== pbok'/sf] 36gf, k[i7 M (_ x]g{] / b]Vg]nfO{ eGbf ef]Ug]nfO{ sof}F u'gf lk/ x'G5 . ToxL kLl8t ju{nfO{ cem kL8f yKg'sf] ;6\6f kL8f sd kfg]{ sfd x'GYof] eGg] dt sljsf] 5 . o'4df Hofg ;'Dk]sf ;lxbsf] ljrNnL j0f{g u/L ;fWo 5}g . sDtLdf tL ;lxbsf] ;kgf ;fsf/ eOlbPsf] eP t kl/jf/hgx? dgtgdf nfu]sf] rf]6 lal;{Gy] xf]nf . slj sfsL{ yK5g\ = = ;lxbsf afa'cfdf sxfF lyP xf]nfg\ 5f]/f5f]/L dbf{vl] / slQ /f]P xf]nfg\ . o:tf] s'/f ;f]rL NofpFbf cfpF5 d'6' lr/L d/]sf dfG5] cfpnfg\ slxn] lkm/L < -== pbok'/sf] 36gf, k[i7 M !)_ slj c;Gtf]ifsf s'/fdfq n]Vb}gg\ . ;Gtf]ifsf If0fx? klg s]nfpF5g\ . pgL d}bfgb]lv lxdfn;Dd 3'Db}lxF8b\ } snd rnfpg] JolSt k/]sf x'gfn] 7fpFlkR5]sf] cg'el" tnfO{ 6kSs l6k]/ snfTds ?k lbg vlKk; 5g\ . k|s[ltn] dgdf cfgGb lbFbfsf] If0fdf k|sl[ ts} dlxdf ufg ufP/ pgL yfs]sf 5}gg\ = = lxdfnsf] sfv}df rf}/L ufO{ r/]sf] gbLgfnf To; 7fpFdf w]/} em/]sf] . g]kfnsf] uf}/j x]/ xfd|f] lxdfn rd/]k6\l6 b]lvG5 rf/kf6] ¿dfn .

-lxdfnsf] uLt, k[i7 M !)_ zAbfª\s/' df3 @)^&

17

slj n]vaxfb'/nfO{ csf{ slj uDeL/axfb'/ yfkfn] hGdfPsf x'g\ . ;dfhdf b]lvPsf lj;ª\ut kIfnfO{ em6f/f] xfGg pg} u'¿slj uDeL/axfb'/ yfkfn] klg 5f8]sf 5}gg\ M l;/fxfsf] ;]7, /fhlj/fhsf] /]6 pbok'/ ufO{3f6sf] u]6 . dtnaL a]OdfgL e]6 Gofo lg;fk g}xt] . pN6f lg;fkm s/b]t lsg o:tf], df6} To:tf] .

-uDeL/axfb'/ yfkfsf sljtf+z_ lj= ;+= !(*! c;f/ !$ ut] pbok'/ lhNnfsf] b'ud{ 7fpF 8'd]| uflj; j8f g+= ^ df hGd]sf / b]zsf s'gfsfKrf 3'Db} / j:t'l:ylt a'em\b} hgtfsf] kIfdf sljtf n]Vb} / ;'gfpFb} ef}lts ?kdf xfdLaf6 labf ePsf lkm/Gt] u'¿slj uDeL/axfb'/ yfkf / n]vaxfb'/ sfsL{sf] uGtJo Ps} xf] t/ uDeL/axfb'/ yfkfdf hlt Tofu / ;fbfkg lyof] Tolt n]vaxfb'/ sfsL{df e]6g\ g;lsP tfklg uDeL/axfb'/ yfkfs} r]nf jf cg'ofoL n]vaxfb'/rflxF kSs} x'g\ eGg ;lsG5 . != cfkm\g} 3/df vfg', g]kfnL vfg' cfkm\g' dfg' w]/} lgs} g]kfnL nfx'/ -ljb]z_ lsg hfg' < @= pbok'/] /fhgLlt Odfgbf/ 5}g n]lvPsf] ;To xf] em'66\ f s'/f x}g .

-uDeL/axfb'/ yfkfsf sljtf+z_ em'Ns] 3fd;l/ xfdL k[YjLdf gfª\u} pbfof}F / Pslbg ;Dk"0f{ wgdfn / cfkmGtx?nfO{ 5f8]/ xfdL k'gM gfª\u} c:tfpF5f}F eGg] bfz{lgs r]t sljdf 5tf5'Nn 5 . h:tf] sd{ 5, To:t} ef]luG5 . dxfslj nIdLk|;fbx?n] c;n sd{ u/]sf lyP, To;}n] pgLx? afFlr/x]sf 5g\ / o'uo'u afFlr/xg] 5g\ . c;t\ sd{ ug]x{ ? d/]sf] / afFrs ] f] s'g} cy{ 5}g eGg] dt slj sfsL{sf] 5 . a'l4dfg k|f0fLsf] x}l;otn] c;To Jojxf/ u/]/ ktgd'vL aGg dfG5]nfO{ ;'xfpGg . dfG5]n] s]xL lnP/ hfg ;Sb}g . ;a} s'/f lbP/ g} hfg'k5{ . h;n] hlt lbg ;Sof], pm Tolt g} k"Ho x'G5 eGg] ljrf/ cl3 ;fb}{ slj eG5g\ = = a'em\gx' f];\ ;an] o; k[YjLdf sf]xL 5}g xfd|f] egL Pp6f j[If /x]5 a'em x} r/f] a;]sf] klg . of] s'/f ;To, ;To eg x} em'§f xf]nf ls egL gfª\u} cfof}F o; k[YjLdf gfª\u} xf] hfG5f}F klg .

-Znf]s efiff M k[i7 !^_ zAbfª\s/' df3 @)^&

18

hgtfsf nflu hgtfsf] ann] cfPsf] Joj:yf g} nf]stGq xf] . g]kfndf cfPsf] nf]stGq ef]sf / bl/b| g]tfx?sf] k]6 eg]{ dfWod ag]sf] b]Vbf sljdg ¿i6 5 .

To;}n] xfd|f g]tfg]ts [ f] a'l4sf] lasf]{ vf]Ng g;Sg] nf]stGq kmfk]g eGg slj r'ss ] f 5}gg\ . pgL eG5g\ = = ul/anfO{ nf]stGq yfxf 5}g wgLnfO{ ge} ef 5}g . hgtf w]/} d/fpF5 g]tfn] le/af6 n8fpF5 .

-nf]stGq M k[i7 !&_ g]tf ;k|d] fq g]kfn / g]kfnL ;k|G5f}F eGg] dt cl3 ;fb}{ g]tfx?n] ;Qfk|flKtsf] v]n TofUg'kg]{ 7x/ sljsf] 5 . g]tfg]t[ ef/td'vL ePsfn] ef/tn] g]kfnnfO{ x]ks ] f] s'/f atfpFb} pgL eG5g\ = = ef/tn] g]tf r]ks ] f] g]kfn /fi6« ef/tn] x]ks ] f] g]tf ef/tnfO{ ;fd|fHojfb eG5g\ ef/tn] g]kfnsf] h/f vG5g\ .

-b/Aff/ M k[i7 !(_ /fhgLltsf] s'ke| fj ;a} 7fpFdf k/]sf] 5 . lzIff If]qnfO{ /fhgLlteGbf 6f9f /fVg'k5{ . lzIff If]qdf z}lIfs u'0f:t/ j[l4 x'gk' 5{ . ef]lnsf pHHjn gIfq cfhsf afnaflnsfnfO{ plrt lzIffbLIff lbg] 7fpFdf klg /fhgLltsf] k|efj k/]sf] b]Vbf sljdg ¿i6 5 . ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] lgjf{rgdf b]zsf] /fhgLltn] v]ns ] f] e"ldsfnfO{ lgofNb} qflxdfd\ eO{ slj clkn u5{g\ = = k};fdf xfdL glasf}F, zf;g gLlt gl;sf}F cWoIf, lzIfs ldn]/, :s'n hfnf lau|/] . :s'ndf x'G5 /fhgLlt, u5{g\ ;a} lgod ldrL zLtn x'G5 5fofFn,] afns k9\5g\ dfofn] .

-:s'nsf] sljtf M k[i7 @)_ nf]stGq wgLnfO{ 9lndnL / ul/anfO{ sfp5fsf] hGt/ ePsf] egfO cl3 ;fb}{ slj eG5g\ = = wgLnfO{ cfof] nf]stGq, ul/anfO{ ef] sfp5fsf] hGt/ g]kfndf g]tf w]/} 5g\, g]tfn] g]kfn a]r5 ] g\ .

-wgLsf] sljtf M k[i7 @) / @!_ zAbfª\s/' df3 @)^&

19

lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf /fhf arfpg rfxGy] t/ dfcf]jfbL /fhtGq df:g . u0ftGq g} Nofpg dfcf]jfbL ;/sf/df uPsf] xf] . kmn:j?k lbNnLdf ePsf] !@ A'fbF ] ;xdltcg';f/ u0ftGq cfof] eGg] a'emfO slj sfsL{sf] 5 = = /fhf eGg] g]kfndf 7"nf] uf}/j xf] lul/hfn] eGg yfn] /fhf df:g] sf] < dfcf]jfbLn] eGg yfn] g]kfndf /fhf v/fa 5 lul/hfn] eGg yfn] /fhf df;] g]kfn w/fk 5 .

-dfcf]jfbL / /fi6«jfbL M k[i7 @!_ cGtdf, :jtGq / ;d[4 g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ rfxgfn] cf]tk|ft] j[4slj n]vaxfb'/ sfsL{sf] ;kgf k"/f ug{ xfdLn] sDd/ s;]/ nfu]df dfq g]kfncfdfsf ;Rrf ;Gtlt sxlng ;S5f}F . /fhgLltdf, k|fs[lts ;DklQdf, ;fdflhs cfly{s cj:yfdf b]lvPsf hl6ntfx? / ljs[ltx?nfO{ lgd"n {[ kfg]{ dxfg\ cleofgdf ;l/s ePsf j[4slj n]vaxfb'/nfO{ cfkm\gf k|f9} cleJolSt hg;d'bfo;dIf /fVg] / hgtf hufpg] cleofgdf xfdLn] klg cfkm\gf] 7fpFaf6 ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' jf~5gLo 5 eGb} slj cfkm\gf] uGtJodf k'ug" \ . !"#

uhn /fd|f] c;n sfddfq ug]{ tkfO{+ ;w}F bf]xf]/f] ljjfbdf kg]{ tkfO{+ . /ª km]g{] 5]kf/f] s;/L x'g' ef] < To:t} k/]df kz' e} rg]{ tkfO{+ .

uhn nLnf/fh bfxfn

xb} ef] dxfzo cGofo xh'/sf] cs}s { f] hldgdf lap 5g]{ tkfO{+ .

sd}o{ f, ;nf{xL cfkm\g} dfq lxt ug]{ c?sf] vf]O < b'MvLn] ;fy dfu] cfFvf tg]{ tkfO{+ . kTgLj|t tkfO{+ < slt nfh dg'{ l5M km]l/ lg csL{ ;Ltf e]6] xg]{ tkfO{+ . zAbfª\s/' df3 @)^&

20

sljtf

ylGsPsf] o'u /ldgf >]i7 …;fs'rfÚ bf]nvf

zAbfª\s/' df3 @)^&

;fob d ltdLnfO{ a'em\g ;lSbgF t/ klg s}og\ u|Lid ef]us ] L 5' j;GtnfO{ labf lbPsL 5' lzlz/df ;':tfPsL 5' s]xL cg'ejsf /]vf sf]/s ] L 5' cem} tfhf 5g\ afnfkgsf abdf;L hjfgLsf hf]z h;n] o'unfO{ abNg] tfut /fVy] oxL x'g\ d]/f alni7 kfv'/f kxf8 af]Sg] ;fdYo{sf t/ cfh of] cfkm}nfO{ af]Sg c;dy{ 5 gftfut 5 ;xf/fljxLg 5 / ltd|f] o'uLg ;fysf] vfFrf] 5 ltdL, hf] dnfO{ ylGsPsf] o'u eGb} 5f} t/ x}g, d ltd|f] lhpFbf] Oltxf; x'F d aL;f}F ;bLsf] gjo'u cfh yf]lqPF, rfpl/PF / k'/flgPF t/ x'bF g} ;w}F j;Gt lzlz/df klg ;':tfpg hfGg'k5{ x] gjo'u, d ltd|f] hu x'F xf]nfpm ltdL uh'/ t/ dljgf ltd|f] cl:tTj 5}g eljio elTsg] 5 ltd|f] Rofltg] 5 x] gjo'u, d ltd|f] ylGsPsf] o'u x}g lhpFbf] Oltxf; x'F .

21

sljtf ljof]usf kf]sfk'Gt'/fx? kf]sf] kf/]/ st} x/fPsf] lyPF 6f9f–6f9f kfvfkv]/f / emf8Lx?df :d[ltsf kf6fx?df t/ cfh d}n] e]6F] xfF;s ] f] b]vF] d]/f] lhpFbf] b]ptfnfO{ u'F/f; / lrdfnsf y'uF fx?dfem emgf{ / kfvfdf wGo Û km]l/ e]6g\ kfPF cFWof/f] hLjgsf] uN5]F8fdf kTyl/nf] uf]/6] f]df d]/f] lhGbuLsf] b]ptfnfO{ .

lgsf] eof] 3fpx? u0f]z yfkf …kxf8LÚ 7"nf] kftn %, ynf/L bf]nvf

d'Sts

d'Sts ;Ltf zdf{ …pkf;gfÚ lrtjg

zAbfª\s/' df3 @)^&

!= hflu/ cfkm}nfO{ xf]d xfNg] :jfxf h:t} eof] sfof{non] dg nfu] ahfpg] bdfxf h:t} eof] cfb]z dfGbfdfGbf k5fl/Psf] kfxf h:t} eof] ef/L af]sL le/ plSn/x]sf] uwf h:t} eof] . @= ;Qf /fhgLlt hdfgfcg';f/ bf]xf]/L x'G5 oxfF /fhgLlts v]nx? ;docg';f/ kmf]xf]/L x'G5 oxfF /fi6«, /fli6«otf / :jfledfgsf s'/fdfq sxfF xf] / cfkm\g} cfTdljZjf; klg a]nfavt rf]/L x'G5 oxfF .

22

ofqf ;+:d/0f s'¿If]qb]lv xl/åf/;Dd

s'¿If]qdf kGw| lbg

cRo'tk|;fb kf}8n ] …lrGtgÚ

zAbfª\s/' df3 @)^&

b'O{lbgsf] ;do xfdLn] s'¿If]qdf latfof}F . df3 b'O{ ut] laxfg} xl/åf/ k|:yfg u/f}F eGg] d]/f] ;Nnfxdf ;fyLx?sf] dt}So x'g ;s]g . s'Ded]nf :yn xl/åf/ If]q kmls{g] af6f] klg ToxL xf] . o;}n] l5§} xl/åf/ hfg] d] / f] dg;fo lyof] t/ ;fyLx?sf] dg;fo vfgf vfP/dfq lxF8g\ ] lyof] . ctM 7Ls afx| ah];Dd xfdL xfd|} cf>d wd{zfnfd} lyof}F .

7\ofSs} afx| ah] uf8Lx? u'8g\ yfn] Û dgdf lr;f] lyof], …st} == z"Go ;do dWofx\g == ofqf nfdf] 5 . st} So} eOxfN5 ls ÛÚ c?nfO{ s]xL elggF lvGg xf]nfg\ eg]/ Û s'¿If]qsf] hosf/ ub}{ uf8L cufl8 a9\of] . geGb} rNg yfn]sf] cfwf 306f glaTb} uf8L lalu|of] Û agfpg lgs} 7"nf] ;d:of k¥of] . rf/kfFr 306f nfUof] Û k|fljlwsx? vf]Hb}, NofpFb,} b]vfpFb,} ;fdfg k]mb}{ u/]sf b[Zon] lrRofx6 nflu/x]sf] lyof] . xfdL /f]lsPsf] 7fpFsf] ;fd'Gg] ef/tLo vfB l8kf] lyof] . labfsf] lbg k/]sf]n] ;/sf/L sd{rf/L t lyPgg\ t/ klg ;do latfpgsf nflu eP klg d l8kf]leq k;]F . ux's F f af]/f 6gf6g lyP . uf8{nfO{ ;f]w,F] …d g]kfnL x',F n]Vg] sfd u5'{ . vfBfGg l8kf]sf af/]df ;ª\lIfKtdf hfgsf/L lbgf]:g = = . uf8{n] eGof], …7Ls 5, d eG5' .Ú p;sf] efiff a'em\g dnfO{ ;d:of k/]g . p;sf cg';f/ /f;gsf8{ ljt/0f ul/Psf u|fdL0f e]usf ul/a ef/tLosf nflu 5'§o\ fOPsf] sf]6f ljt/0f ug]{ l8kf] /x]5 23

xfd|f] vfB ;+:yfg h:t} Û xfd|f x'Dnf, h'Dnf, sflnsf]6 h:tf ljs6 If]qdf vfBfg 9'jfgL ug{ ;/sf/n] 7"n} /sd vr{ u5{ . ;ª\3Lo k|0ffnL nfu" ePkl5 sf]6f k|0ffnL s] x'g] xf] < Tof] x]gr{ flxF afFsL 5 Û nfdf] ;dob]lv vfBfGg vl/b u/L b'ud{ If]qdf 9'jfgL ub}{ cfPsf] vfB ;+:yfg 3f6fdf 5 . cfk"lt{ klg ;j{;n ' e 5}g Û g'g cfk"lt{ ug]{ ;fN6 6«l] 8ªnfO{ klg OHht hf]ufpg xDd]xDd] k/]sf] 5 .

To; l8kf]af6 hgxL tL; lsnf] ux'F lgs} ;:tf]df b'ud{ e]usf ef/tLo hgtfn] kfpg] /x]5g\ . To;f] t ef/tdf /f;gsf8{af6 OGwg, UofF;, dl§t]n cflb xfdLsxfF eGbf w]/} ;:tf]df kfOg] /x]5 . xfd|} uf8Ln] klg ToxfFsf] d"Nodf cTolws l8h]n eg]{ k|of; gu/]sf] xf]Og . cF6fP;Dd dl§t]n klg e/]s} xf] . vfBfGg Pj+ OGwgb]lv afx]s hLjg ;~rfngsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ w]/} rLhlah ;:tf] d"Nodf kfOg] /x]5 . cF, sf7df8f}dF f cfhs} lbg e"sDk ;'/Iff lbj; dgfOG5 . o; cj;/df 6'Fl8v]ndf e"sDkLo ;'/Iffsf af/]df l/x;{n u/fOG5 . e"sDk gcfP klg cfPsf] cfefif lbnfP/ ;'/Iffsf] pkfo ckgfOG5 . xfdL eg] ef/tsf] ;8sdf lyof}F . o;}n] xfd|f nflu e"sDksf] vt/f lyPg Û To;f] t laxfg} df]afOnaf6 sf7df8f}dF f ;Dks{ u/]sf] lyPF . ;a}nfO{ cf/fd} /x]5 Û ck/fx\g rf/ ah]kl5 uf8L aGof] . od'gfgu/ x'Fb} xfd|f uf8L xl/åf/sf nflu u'8g\ yfn] . ;8ssf] bfofFafofF /fd|f] s[lif pAhgL b]lvGYof] . ufh/, cfn', ux'Fsf v]taf/Ldf ;a}lt/ xl/ofnL nxnxfO/x]sf lyP Û od'gfgu/kl5 xfdL pQ/fv08 k|jz ] u¥of}F . xl/åf/ k'Ugsf nflu emG8} Ps ;o lsnf]ld6/ ofqf to ug'{ afFsL lyof] . uf8L /f]s/] vfhf vfg] ;do lyPg . aLraLrdf uf8Ln] OGwg eb}{} ubf{ klg ;do 3ls{/x]sf] lyof] . o;}n] xfdL cfkm\gf emf]nfemf]nL vf]Nb} xNsf vfhf vfb}F lyof}F . s'¿If]qdf vf;} sfd lyPg . uf8Ln] b'Mv lbP klg afofFlt/ u'l8/x]sf] /]nsf] b[Zon] yk pmhf{ lbO/x]sf] lyof] . xfd|f 8fF8fkfvfdf klg o:t} /]n u'8fpg kfP cyjf ;dy/ emfkf, ;'g;/L, df]/ª hgsk'/b]lv s~rgk'/;Ddsf] t/fO{If]qdf PS;k|; ] /]n u'8fpg kfP slt /fd|f] x'GYof] xf]nf . d ;f]lr/x]sf] lyPF . xfd|f] /fhgLltn] sf]N6f] k]m/]sf] 5 . k'/fgf] ;Qf 9n]sf] 5 . ;ª\3Lotfn] b]z 6'lqmP/ v;Laf]sfsf] df;'emF} ljqmL eof] eg] s] ug]{ < Pp6f If]qaf6 csf]{ If]qdf k'Ug Ohfht k|0ffnL nfu" eof] eg] s] ug]{ < kxf8, dw];sf] ljjfb e';sf] cfuf] h:tf] x'g nfu]sf] 5 . t/fO{af6 dfG5]x? lj:yflkt x'bF } 5g\ . hgo'4tfsf kxf8af6 lj:yflkt x'Gy] . clxn] t/fO{af6 lj:yflkt x'g] qmd tLj| 5 . ;a}sf] ef/ sf7df8f}n F ] y]Ug'kl//x]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}s F f] 6«flkms hfdsf sf/0f ;8s c:tJo:t 5 . cJojl:yt ;x/sf sf/0f hLjg c:tJo:t 5 . c;'/Iff j[l4 x'bF } 5 . lbgbxf8} dfG5] dfl/g] qmd a9\g yfn]sf] 5 . hgo'4 ;dflKtkl5 /fhwfgL sf7df8f}F c;'/lIft x'bF } 5 . aGbx8tfnsf] qmd /f]lsPsf] 5}g . pQ/fv08df u'l8/x]sf] /]nuf8Lsf] b[Zon] emG8} Ps xKtf;Dd lal;{Psf] sf7df8f}n F fO{ ;DemfOlbof] . sf7df8f}s F f] ememNsf]n] ;tfpg nfUof] . zAbfª\s/' df3 @)^&

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/ftsf] 7Ls bz ah] aNntNn xfdLn] xl/åf/ k|jz ] u¥of}F Û xfdL ;a}sf] k|jz ] /fdnLnf wd{zfnfdf eof] . wd{zfnf uª\uf t6glhs} lyof], hxfF xfd|f] uf8L kfls{ª ug{ ;lhnf] lyof] . xl/åf/nfO{ :ju{sf] åf/ elgG5 . uª\uf t6df /x]sf] xl/åf/ k|l;4 / kljq ;x/ xf] . of] lxGb" wdf{jnDaLsf nflu tLy{:yn xf] . kxf8sf] km]bLdf /x]sf] xl/åf/ ;fgf] eP klg lgs} ;'Gb/ / /d0fLo 5 . oxfF uª\uf]qLaf6 aUb} cfPsL kfjgL uª\uf / ab|Ls]bf/gfy wfdaf6 aUb} cfPsL cnsgGbf Pj+ dGbflsgLsf] ;ª\ud x'G5 . oL ;a} ldnL oxfF b]jk|ofu aG5 . Clifs]zaf6 xl/åf/ k'U5 . kß k'/f0fn] xl/åf/sf af/]df v'n/] rrf{ u/]sf] 5 . cof]Wof, dy'/f, sfzL, sf~rL, åf/fjtL, k'/L, cjlGtsf h:tf ;ft k|l;4 df]IfbflogLdWo] xl/åf/rflxF dfofIf]q xf] . j[x:klt s'De /flzdf ePsf avt / ;"o{ Pj+ rGb|df d]if /flzdf ePsf avt xl/åf/df afx|aif]{ s'De d]nf nfUg] u5{ eg] k|To]s 5}7+ f}F jif{df c4{sD' e Pj+ ljz]if wfld{s d]nf nfUg] u5{ . xl/åf/df uª\uf :gfg ugf{n] …k'08l/sÚ o1 u/]sf] kmn k|fKt x'G5 . Ps /ftdfq} eP klg xl/åf/df af; a:gfn] lbjª\ut ;Dk"0f{ lkt[x?sf] påf/ x'G5 . b]j lkt[ tk{0f >f4 cflb sfo{ ugf{n] lkt[x?n] ;bfsf nflu ;b\ult k|fKt u5{g\ . xhf/ ufO{ bfgsf] k'0o s]jn xl/åf/sf] e|d0fn] k|fKt x'G5 . o:tf wfld{s ljZjf; /x]sf kfOG5g\ . xl/åf/sf] k|l;4 If]q xf] xl/sL k}8L cyf{t\ a|xd\ s'08 . /fhf euL/yn] :ju{sL uª\ufnfO{ k[YjLdf NofP . Zj]t gfd u/]sf /fhfn] a|xd\ fhLsf] tk u/] . a|xd\ fhL v';L eO{ /fhfnfO{ j/bfg dfu eGbf /fhfn] of] If]q eujfg\ a|xd\ fhLsf] gfdaf6 kl/lrt xf];\ egL dfu] . o;sf ;fy} a|xd\ fsf ;fydf lji0f' / lzj klg oxfF eO{ c;n tLy{ x'gk' 5{ eg]/ dfu]kl5 a|xd\ fhLaf6 …tyf:t'Ú elgof] . To;kl5 a|xd\ fhLs} gfdaf6 o; s'08sf] gfd a|xd\ s'08 /flvof] . o;}nfO{ xl/sL k}8L elgG5 . tk:jL /fhf et[x{ l/n] xl/åf/af6} k/d 1fg k|fKt u/L cd/Tj k|fKt u/] . pgL /fhf ljqmdflbTosf bfh' lyP . ljqmdflbTon] bfh' et{x[ l/sf] ;Demgfdf oxfF cg]sf}F k}8Lx? agfP, h;nfO{ l;F9L elgG5 . k}8Ls} sf/0f oxfFsf] gfd xl/sL k}8L /x\of] . xl/sL k}8Ldf Psfkl§af6 kfgLsf] wf/ / csf]k{ l§af6 hnfwf/ lgl:sG5 . oxfF lbgx'F ;fFemkv uª\uf cf/tL x'G5 . xl/sL k}8Ldf lji0f'kfb'sf, ;fIfLZj/ Pj+ uª\ufw/ dxfb]jsf dlGb/x? 5g\ . xl/åf/sf] csf]{ kfjg If]q sgvn xf] . dftf ;tLb]jLsf lktf bIfk|hfkltn] o1 u/]sf] :yfg xf] of] Û Pp6f d"v{ cyf{t\ vn JolStn] oxfF cfP/ :gfg u/]kl5 d'lSt kfPsf]n] oxfFsf] gfd sgvn /x]sf] hg>'lt kfOG5 . dfofk'/L xl/åf/ If]qdf s]xL lkm6 dflylt/ k|l;4 dg;fb]jLsf] dlGb/ 5 . a|xd\ fsL k'qL dg;fb]jLsf] bz{g ubf{ dgn] lrtfPsf] s'/f k"/f x'g] hgljZjf; 5 . xl/åf/ ef/tjif{sf] k|l;4 / lgs} rlr{t tLy{:yn xf] . oxfF w]/} 3f6x? 5g\ . o:tf 3f6x?df uf}3f6, lji0f'3f6, /fd3f6, gLnwf/f, u0f]z3f6, gf/fo0fLlznf cflb kb{5g\ . ;fy} sfnL dlGb/, uf}/Lzª\s/ dlGb/, r08Lb]jL dlGb/, xg'dfg dlGb/, zAbfª\s/' df3 @)^&

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ljNjs]z/ dlGb/, blIf0f]Zj/ dlGb/, rf}aL; cjtf/ / ;Togf/fo0f dlGb/x? klg 5g\ . ;fy} Hjfnfk'/, x/åf/, uª\ufåf/, s'zjt{ If]q, eLduf]8f h:tf w]/} kfjg If]qx? klg 5g\ oxfF . xl/åf/ If]q efujtsf] syf:ynL klg xf] . cl3 s'g} a]nf Clif d}qo] n] ljb'/hLnfO{ oxLF >Ldb\efujt syf ;'gfPsf lyP . xl/åf/ If]qaf6 kRrL; lsnf]ld6/ hlt pQ/lt/ efuL/yL t6df Clifs]z If]q 5 . Clifs]zdf :gfg ug]{ d'Vo 3f6 g} lqj]0fL 3f6 xf] . glhs} e/t dlGb/ 5 . efuL/yLsf] kfl/kl§ # lsnf]ld6/ hlt k/ nId0fem'nf kf/ ugf{;fy :juf{>d k'luG5 . dlGb/}dlGb/ ePsf] cUnf] :juf{>d /d0fLo / zfGt 5 . oxfF uLtf ejg, k/dfy{ lgs]tg / ;T;ª\u :ynx? 5g\ Û To;af6 tLg lsnf]ld6/ tn /fdem'nf 5 . :gfgbfg j|tk'0o cg'i7fgsf nflu Clifs]z If]q cToGt kfjg If]q xf] . xl/åf/ Pj+ Clifs]z k|l;4 ab|Lgfy wfd, s]bf/gfy wfd, uf]dv ' , uª\uf]qL / od'gf]qL hfg] d'Vo k|jz ] dfu{ xf] . b]x/fb"g, d;'/L, sf]6åf/ x'bF } klg o; If]qdf k'Ug ;lsG5 . lbNnLaf6 xl/åf/ glhs k5{ . xfd|f] klZrdL l;dfgf s~rgk'/b]lv jgjf;f 6gsk'/ x'Fb} xl/åf/ k'Ug 5f]6f] b"/L to ug'k{ 5{ . xl/åf/af6 ab|Lgfy #@$ lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f k5{ eg] s]bf/gfy, uf}/L s'08 @@$ lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f k5{ . uf}/L s'08af6 s]bf/gfysf] b"/L !$ lsnf]ld6/ 5 . xl/åf/af6 uª\uf]qL k'Ug @&@ lsnf]ld6/ 5 eg] xl/åf/af6} od'gf]qL k'Ug a;af6 @$) lsnf]ld6/ u'8k] l5 k}bn ^ lsnf]ld6/ lxF8g\ k' 5{ . ab|Lgfyaf6 cnsgGbf, s]bf/gfyaf6 dGbflsgL, uf]dv ' af6 efuL/yL, od'gf]qLaf6 od'gf gbL aUb} tnlt/ cfpF5g\ . dfg;/f]j/ s}nfz eg] oxfFeGbf cem} pQ/df k5{ . dfg;/f]j/ s}nfzsf] lzjh6faf6 aUb} cfPsL uª\uf /fhf euL/ysf] k|of;cg';f/ xl/åf/ x'bF } k|ofu / uª\uf ;fu/;Dd k'lU5g\ . a|xd\ j}jt{ k'/f0f, jfdg k'/f0f, kß k'/f0f, dxfef/t, s'd{ k'/f0f, :sGb k'/f0f cflb k"jL{o wfld{s u|Gwx?n] s]bf/gfysf] rrf{ u/]sf 5g\ . kß k'/f0fn] lzjhLsf kfFr k|dv ' If]qsf ?kdf s]bf/gfy, dWodx]Zj/, t'ª\ugfy, ¿b|gfy / sNk]Zj/ dxfb]jsf af/]df rrf{ u/]sf] 5 .

Clifs]zaf6 b]jk|ofu, dn]7f, sLlt{laxf/, >Lgu/, ¿b|ko| fu, s0f{ko| fu, gGbk|ofu, hf]zLd7, uf]ljGb3f6 / b]jbz{gL x'Fb} ab|Lgfy wfd k'luG5 s]bf/gfy hfFbf eg] uf}/L s'08 x'bF } hfg'k5{ . ef/t pQ/fv08sf tLy{wfddWo] k|l;4 ab|Lgfy wfd sl/a !! xhf/ lkm6sf] prfOdf 5 . ef/tsf] k|l;4 pQ/L wfd xf] of] . of] kljq cnsgGbfsf] t6df 5 . rt'eh '{ cfsf/sf] zflnu|fdL, lznf ceo d'bf| df /x]sf] eJo d"lt{ ab|Lgfysf] :j?k xf] . cl3 b]jtfx?n] gf/b s'08af6 NofP/ cnsgGbfdf o;nfO{ /fv]sf lyP . ;j{ky | d b]jlif{ gf/bhLaf6 k"hf ePsf] o; eJo lznfdf af}4 leIf'n] klg k"hfcr{gf u5{g\ . kl5 zª\s/frfo{n] cnsgGbfdf 8'la/fv]sf oL d"lt{nfO{ dlGb/df :yfkgf u/fP . ab|Lgfysf bfofFkl§ g/gf/fo0fsf] d"lt{ 5 . glhs} >Lb]jL / e"bj] Lsf d"lt{x? 5g\ . >Llji0f'sf k|l;4 wfddWo] ab|Lgfy wfd rlr{t / k|l;4 5 . zAbfª\s/' df3 @)^&

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åfk/ o'udf >Ls[i0fn] cfkm\gf Kof/f p4jhLnfO{ eGg'ePsf] lyof], …afa", ltdL ca ab|Lgfy wfd hfpm . Tof] d]/} wfd xf] . d]/} kfpaf6 lgM;[t ePsL uª\uf -cnsgGbf_ sf] :gfg u/L Wofgdf a; . slno'udf w]/} eStx? ToxfF xfd|f] bz{g ug{ cfpg]5g\ .Ú >Ldb\efujtdf o:tf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . ab|Lgfy wfd k'Ug]n] cnsgGbfsf] :gfg ug'{ h¿/L 5 . gbLsf] j]u lgs} tLj| 5 . cnsgGbfsf] lsgf/fdf a|xd\ skfnL lznf 5 . oxfF lkt[ tk{0f, >f4, a|xd\ skfnL cflb sfo{ ul/G5 . sltkon] a|xd\ skfnL u/]kl5 3/df km]l/ >f4 ub}g{ g\ eg] sf]xL u5{g\ klg . clq–cg';o" f tLy{ klg glhs} 5 . cl3 cfkm\gf klt clq Clif a'9f ePsfn] gbLsf] tLj| j]udf :gfg ug{ g;Sg] b]v/] kltj|tf cg';o" fn] k|fy{gf u/]kl5 pg} gbL cln dGb ultdf au]sL sf/0f uª\ufsf] gfd cnsgGbf /x]sf] eGg] hg>'lt kfOG5 . cln k/ rGb|dfn] :gfg u/]sf] ;f]d s'08 / ;"o{ s'08 5 . ;"o{ s'08glhs g/gf/fo0f kj{t 5 . clnk/ lnª\u cfsf/sf] lqsf]0f kj{t 5 . efuL/yL / cnsgGbfsf] pbud:yn oxL xf] . cnsgGbfsf] pb\ud:yn g/gf/fo0f kj{taf6 åfk/ o'udf kfFr kf08jx? :ju{ uPsf lyP eGg] egfO klg kfOG5 . kfFr kf08jx? ;z/L/ :ju{ uPsf elgPsf] lxdl;F9L cem} b]lvG5 . ab|Lgfy lxdfnL If]q xf] . r}q z'Sn gjdL cyf{t\ /fdgjdLsf] lbgb]lv ab|Lgfysf] d"n 9f]sf emG8} sflt{s;Dd ;a}sf nflu v'nf x'G5 . sl/a ^ dlxgf ab|Lgfy If]q lxdfR5flbt x'G5 . o;}n] nIdLk"hfsf] cf}z F Lkl5 oxfFsf] 9f]sf aGb ul/G5 . 9f]sf aGb ePsf] ;dodf ab|LgfyhLsf ;;fgf d"lt{nfO{ tn hf]zL d7df NofO{ k'hf/Lx?n] k"hf u5{g\ . ptf s]bf/gfy eg] emG8} !@ xhf/ lkm6sf] prfOdf 5 . åfbz Hof]ltln{ªu\ dWo] Pp6f lnª\u s]bf/gfy xf] . åfk/ o'udf kfFr kf08jn] oxfF tk u/]sf lyP . ;To o'udf pkdGo' Clifn] klg oxLF tk u/]sf lyP . Psk6s ef]na] faf lzjhLn] e}; F Lsf] ?k lnPsf lyP . e}; F L ?kwf/L lzjsf kfFr cª\udWo] s]bf/gfydf kL7 efu, sNk]Zj/gfydf h6f efu, dbdx]Zj/df gfeL efu, ¿b|gfydf d'v efu / t'ªu\ gfydf afx' efu 5 elgG5 . s]bf/sf kfFr gfd 5g\ . tL gfdx?dWo] klxnf]nfO{ s]bf/, bf];|fn ] fO{ s]bf/ dbdx]Zj/, t];f| n ] fO{ s]bf/ t'ª\ugfy, rf}yf]nfO{ s]bf/ ¿b|gfy / kfFrf}n F fO{ s]bf/ sNk]Zj/ elgPsf] 5 . xfd|f] sf7df8f}dF f /x]sf kz'kltnfO{ ;Dk"0f{{ s]bf/sf] lz/ efu elgG5 . s]bf/gfy lznf dfgj lgld{t xf]Og . lqsf]0f cfsf/sf] lznfv08sf ?kdf /x]sf] s]bf/gfynfO{ ;a}h;f]n] 5f]P/} k"hfcfhf u5{g\ . kfFr kf08jsf] d"lt{glhs} /x]sf] s]bf/gfy dlGb/ eg] u'¿ zª\sf/frfo{n] agfpg nufPsf x'g\ . s]bf/gfyglhs}af6 dGbflsgL gbL em/]sL l5g\ . dGbflsgLsf] :gfg u/L tk{0f, lk08, >f4 cflb ub}{ s]bf/gfysf] bz{g ug{] rng 5 . oxfFsf] :gfgbfgaf6 lbjª\ut lkt[n] ;b\ult kfpg] cfd hgljZjf; 5 . zf:qsf] syg klg o:t} kfOG5 . ab|Lgfy / s]bf/gfy;Fu} efuL/yL -uª\uf]qL_ / od'gf]qLsf af/]df klg ;ª\If]kdf rrf{ u/f}F . zAbfª\s/' df3 @)^&

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uª\uf]qL -efuL/yL uª\uf_ uª\uf hxfFaf6 k|s6 eOg\, To;nfO{ uª\uf]qL elgG5 . lxdgbLaf6 aUg ;'¿ u/]sL uª\ufsf] ;|ft] nfO{ …uª\uf]be]bÚ klg elgG5 . k[YjLtnsf k|f0fLsf] kfk gfz ug{ :ju{af6 em/]sL uª\uf >Llji0f' cyf{t\ lqljqmd jfdg eujfg\sf] cª\ui' 7af6 k}bf ePsL x'g\ . uª\uf]qLb]lv kRrL; lsnf]ld6/ dfly uf]dv ' L 5 / uª\ufsf] pbo log} uf]dv ' af6 ePsf] xf] . uf]dv ' Lsf] bz{g Pj+ tk{0fbfgn] hLjgdf ckf/ cfgGb k|fKt x'G5 / lkt[x?sf] påf/ x'G5 egL uª\uf]qL dxfTDo tyf dxfef/tdf rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . uf]dv ' Ldf ul/Psf] k'0o cZjd]3 o1 ;/x x'G5 elgPsf] 5 . uª\ufsf] gfd 6f9faf6 lnP klg k|f0f hfg] a]nfdf uª\uf :gfg u/] klg cyjf uª\ufhn 3/df /fv] klg 7"nf] k'0o x'G5 eGg] s'/f zf:qdf n]lvPsf] 5 . >Ldb\efujt, j]b, /fdfo0f / dxfef/t h:tf kfjg u|Gydf uª\ufsf] v'n/] k|z; + f ul/Psf] 5 . ;u/sf ^) xhf/ k'qnfO{ k'ghL{jg lbg pgs} j+zsf euL/ysf] ;t\ko| f;cg'?k uª\uf k[YjLdf em/]sL x'g\ . >Llji0f' lk|of / >Llzj lk|of uª\uf:gfgn] k[YjLsf ;a} lsl;dsf k|f0fL kfkaf6 d'St x'G5g\ . pgLx?n] e'lSt / d'lSt b'j} kfpg ;S5g\ . uª\uf]qLdf cGo s'08x? klg 5g\ . tL x'g\ M a|xd\ s'08, ;"o{ s'08, lji0f' s'08 . o;sf ;fy} oxfF cGo 7"nf lznfx? klg 5g\ . euL/yn] oxLFsf] lznfdf a;]/ s8f tk u/]sf lyP . sl/a !! xhf/ lkm6sf] prfOdf /x]sf] uª\uf]qLdf ;w}F lxpF kl//xG5 t/ klg a;af6 uª\uf]qL hfg ;lhnf] 5 t/ uf]dv ' L hfgrflxF k}bn} lxF8g\ k' 5{ .

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Clifs]zaf6 ab|Lgfylt/ hfFbf &) lsnf]ld6/kl5 aLr af6f]df b]jk|ofu k5{ . b]jk|ofudf cnsgGbf / efuL/yLsf] ;ª\ud 5 . oxfF /3'gfyhLsf] Zofdj0f{sf] d"lt{ bz{gLo 5 . oxLFsf] xl/ s'08df :gfg / >f4 ug]{ rng klg 5 . b]jk|ofuaf6 ab|Lgfy hfg] af6f]df #% lsnf]ld6/kl5 >Lgu/ k5{ . >Lgu/af6 ¿b|ko| fu #$ lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f k5{ . oxLFaf6 ab|Lgfy / s]bf/gfyhL hfg] af6f] 5'l§G5 . dGbflsgLsf] lsgf/}lsgf/ ¿b|ko| fu x'bF } sf]xL klxn] s]bf/gfy hfG5g\ . ¿b|ko| fuaf6 s]bf/gfy *$ lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f k5{ . ¿b|ko| fuaf6 uf}/L s'08;Dd uf8L hfG5, h'g Clifs]zaf6 @)( lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f k5{ . ¿b|ko| fuaf6 ltnjf8f ( lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f k5{ / s]xL a]/ ;'¿ªdfu{sf] ofqf klg ug'k{ 5{ . ltnjf8faf6 cu:Tod'lg If]q !) lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f k5{ . cu:Tod'lg tk:ynLb]lv u'KtsfzL If]q @) lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f k5{ . oxfF lzjhLsf] bz{g ug{ ;lsG5 . u'KtsfzLaf6 !! lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f /x]sf] gfnf If]q x'Fb} nlntfb]jLsf] bz{g ug{ ;lsG5 . ;f]gk|ofu k'uk] l5 eg] ofqLx?n] 3f]8f jf k}bn af6f] k|of]u u/L s]bf/gfy hfg ;S5g\ . lqo'uLgf/fo0faf6 s]bf/gfy @* lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f k5{ . oxfF a|xd\ s'08, ¿b| s'08 / ;/:jtL s'08x? 5g\ . lqo'uLgf/fo0faf6 ;f]d s'08, uf}/L s'08kl5 /fdjf8f k'luG5 . /fdjf8faf6 eg] $ lsnf]ld6/ k/sf] s]bf/gfy dlGb/ b]Vg ;lsG5 . ab|Lgfyaf6 j;'wf/f If]q * lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f 5, hxfF xfjfdf p8]sf] hnwf/f b]Vg ;lsG5 . oxfF kfkLsf] lz/df hn kb}g{ eGg] hgljZjf; 5 . ab|Lgfyaf6 b'O{ lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f cnsgGbfsf] b]ak]| l§ dlgeb|k/' 5, hxfF u0f]z u'kmf / Jof; u'kmf 5 . oxfF ;/:jtL gbL cnsgGbf;Fu ldN5, h;nfO{ s]zjk|ofu elgG5 . ab|Lgfyaf6 ;tkGy hfg] af6f]df >LnIdLhLsf] ejg 5 . oxLFlg/ cnsfk'/L 5 . k'/f0fx?df rlr{t lji0f'kbL uª\uf cnsgGbfnfO{ cflbk|ofu klg elgPsf] 5 . ;tkGy ;/f]j/af6 klZrdkl§ rf}vDaf gfdsf] lxdfn 5 . To;sf] ## lsnf]ld6/ k/ uª\uf]qL Un]l;o/ 5, hxfF uf]dv ' af6 efuL/yLsf] pTklQ x'G5 . s'¿If]qsf] u|x0f:gfgkl5 df3 b'O{ ut] /flt xfdL xl/åf/ k'Uof}F . To; lbgsf] xfd|f] af; xl/åf/sf] /fdnLnf wd{zfnfdf eof] . of] uÎf gbLsf] lsgf/fdf 5 . 1fg'hL, g]kfnhL;lxtsf] xfdL gf}hgfsf] ;d"x Pp6} sf]7fdf ;'Tof}F . ef]lnkN6 tLg ut]sf] laxfg xl/åf/sf] d'Vo :gfgIf]qsf ?kdf k|l;l4 kfPsf] xl/sL k}8} Ldf :gfg ug]{ nIo lyof] . sl/a cfwf 306fsf] k}bn lxF8fOkl5 xfdL xl/sL k}8L k'Uof}F . ToxfF xfdLn] :gfg, tk{0f, lk08, >f4 cflb sfo{ ;DkGg u¥of}F . b'O{ lbgcl3;Dd s'De d]nfsf sf/0f xl/åf/df 7"n} eL8 lyof] /] . of] ds/ d]nf xf] . gxf];\ klg lsg < ahf/ dxFuf] 5 eGg] ;'lgof] . ptf oxL cj;/ kf/]/ /fdb]jhLsf] of]u lzlj/ klg cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;a}lt/af6 ofq'sf] rfk xl/åf/df kl//x]sf] lyof] . zAbfª\s/' df3 @)^&

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:gfgkl5 sf]7fdf cfOk'Ubf xfdL aL;hgfsf] ;d"x ;Fu} lyof}F . xfdLn] b'Oc { f]6f 6]Dkf] l/he{ u/L Clifs]z, /fdem'nf / nId0fem'nf hfg] of]hgf agfof}F . of]hgfcg';f/ hfFbf uª\uf kf/ ugf{;fy xfdL kjg wfd k'Uof}F . sfFrsf] dlGb/, dlGb/leqsf ;'Gb/ / cfsif{s d"lt{x?n] xfd|f] dg nf]Eofof] . lzj, u0f]z, xg'dfg cflb b]jb]jLsf d"lt{ cfsif{s lyP . ko{6g k|j4{gsf] of] klg Pp6f k|efjsf/L tl/sf xf] . xfd|f b'Oc { f]6f 6]Dkf] Clifs]zlt/ a9] . xfdL s]xL a]/d} nId0fem'nf :6];gdf k'Uof}F . af6fsf ;'Gb/ aga'6o\ fgn] xfd|f dg nf]EofP . af6fdf b]lvPsf xl/ofnL, k|s[ltsf ;'Gb/ 5xf/L / gbL lsgf/sf ;8sn] xfdLnfO{ yk cfslif{t t'NofP . s]xL a]/d} xfd|f] 6]Dkf] /f]lsof] . xfdL k}bn lxF8b\ } nId0fem'nf k'Uof}F . em'nf k'Ubf xfdLnfO{ e'mKke'mKk lgb|f nfUg yfNof] . em'nf eg]sf] emf]nª ' \uf] xf] . kmnfdsf] nfdf] emf]nª ' ] k'nsf] gfd xf] em'nf . k'n tgf{;fy cUnf] eJodxn b]Vg ;lsG5 . dxn 7"nf] / w]/} tnfo'St 5 . w]/} ;fyLx? dfly;Dd k'Ug] eg]/ lxF8] . d eg] tn} a;]/ k|tLIff ug{ yfn]F . b'Ot{ Lg lsnf]ld6/sf] k}bn ofqf u/]kl5 j/lt/ csf]{ em'nf 5 . of] /fdem'nf xf] / kl5dfq} ag]sf] xf] . cl3 /fdnId0fn] /fj0fjw u/]kl5 pgLx?sf] dgdf lvGgtf 5fof] . o;}n] oxfF cfP/ tk:of u/L e'mn]/ a;] eGg] hg>'lt 5 . /fdem'nf kf/ u/]kl5 xfdLn] xNsf gf:tf vfof}F . To;kl5 ;flass} 6]Dkf] lnP/ Clifs]z x'Fb} kRrL; lsnf]ld6/ 6f9fsf] k"jo{ fqfdf nfUof}F . xfdL xl/åf/ kmls{g] qmddf lyof}F . ;8ssf bfofFafofFsf xf]l8{ª af]8n { ] d]/f Wofg tfg] . ToxfF n]lvPsf lyP, …?v g} hLjg xf] .Ú jl/kl/ 3gf hª\un lyP . hª\unsf aLrdf n]lvPsf lyP, …?v g} dª\un xf] .Ú xl/åf/ k'uk] l5 xfdLn] xn'sf vfgf vfof}F . df};d lr;f] lyof] . nfdf] ofqfsf sf/0f xfdL w]/} yfls;s]sf lyof}F . o;}n] cf/fd ug]{ ljrf/ u¥of}F . s]xL ;fyLx? ahf/lt/ nfu] . ToxfFaf6 % lsnf]ld6/ 6f9fsf] sgvn ofqf xfd|f nflu cw'/} /x\of] . a]ns ' f uª\uf t6sf] cf/tL x]g{ dg nfUof] . ^ ah] uª\uf t6 k'Uof}F . hDdf !% ldg]6 rNg] cf/tL /fd|/L x]g{ kfOof] . !"#

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