Tarapunja

tf/fk'~h ebook published by

;+o'Qm kmfFrn;ª\u|x

OnlineSahitya.com

tf/fk'~h k|sfzs ;jf{lwsf/ ;+:s/0f k|lt kmfFrn ;"qkft kmfFrnsf/x?

cfj/0f sDKo'6/

M M M M M M

kmfFrnd08nL kmfFrnd08nL k|yd, @)^% %)! hLt]Gb| >]i7 …/l;sÚ !_ hLt]Gb| >]i7 …/l;sÚ @_ bLk]Gb| >]i7 …pbf;Ú #_ alb|axfb'/ tfdfª …;ª\udÚ $_ kmOGb| tfdfª …clvnÚ M cldt l3ld/] M k|eft >]i7 ;]jf sDKo'6/ ;]G6/, kmf]gM )!!–^()!%& email: sewacomputer@gmail.com

d'b|0f

M ;]jf ckm;]6 k|];, rf}tf/f

ISBN

: 978-9937-2-1128-4

;xof]u

M ?= %).– -;fwf/0f_ ?= !)).– -;+:yfut_ 1

tf/fk'~h

;+o'Qm kmfFrn;ª\u|x

kmfFrn n]vg ;DaGwL hfgsf/L ækmfFrnÆ cyf{t Pp6f km/flsnf] rnfodfg :jtGq ljwf h'g ufog / kf7\o b'a} of]Uo 5 . kmfFrn ljleGg d"n k|j[lQx? ldn]/ jg]sf 5g\ . lt x'g\ – s_ kmfFsf], v_ km]t, u_ ljly, 3_ pFhfO{ ª_ k'R5, r_ p7fgr'nL, 5_ h8fgs'zn, h_ k'~h, dxfk'~h s_ kmfFsf]M–kmfFsf] kmfFrnsf] d'6' xf] . kmfFsf] ljgf kmfFrnsf] sNkgf ug{ ;Dd klg ;lsFb}g . h;/L d'6' ljgfsf] dfgj sNkgf ug{ ;lsGg . v_ km]tM–km]t kmfFrnsf] k|kv ' cf;g xf] . h:n] kmfFrn n]vgdf p7fgr'nL / h8fg s'znnfO{ k'0f{tf lbg] sfd ub{5 . u_ ljlyM–x/]s kmfFrnsf b'O{ x/kmsf] Ps kftf]nfO{ ljly elgG5 .

3_ pFhfO{M– kmfFrnsf] klxnf] ljlynfO{ pFhfO{ elgG5 . ª_ k'R5M–pFhfO{kl5 qmdzM cfpg] ljlyx?nfO{ k'R5 elgG5 . r_ p7fgr'nLM–x/]s ljlysf] klxnf] x/kmnfO{ p7fgr'nL elgG5 . p7fgr'nLn] ljifoa:t' / ;Gbe{ p7fg ug]{ sfo{ ub{5 .

5_ h8fgs'znM–x/]s ljlysf] bf];|f] x/kmnfO{ h8fgs'zn elgG5 . h8fgs'znn] p7fgr'nLn] p7fg u/]sf zGbe{ / pT;'stfnfO{ hf]b\g] / lgefpg] sfd ub{5 . h_ k'~hM–x/]s kmfFrnsf] PsfO{nfO{ k'~h elgG5 . em_ dxfk'~hM–kmfFrndf ljleGg ljifoa:t'x? ljly qmd g6'6fO{sg nDAofP/ n]lvg] l;Ëf] kmfFrnsf] Ps PsfO{nfO{ kmfFrn dxfk'~h elgG5 . lo t eP kmfFrnsf d'n k|j[ltx? .

2

tf/fk'~h lgDg ;dfof]hgdf kmfFrn lgdf{0f ;dfof]hg kmfFsf] km]t x'GYof] a? eP÷uP 5l/÷kl/ lbGy] cfpFYof]÷5fpFYof] dhf a]Un} cfpFy]÷ufpFy] xf]nfsf]xL ;hfP/÷ahfP/ sf]xL km"n÷a'n em}

;+o'Qm kmfFrn;ª\u|x

x'G5 . ljly ! @ # $ % ^

s}lkmot pFhfO{ k'R5 kR5 k'R5 k'R5 k'R5

dflysf ;dfof]hg k[i7 ( sf] kmfFrnaf6

kmFfrnsf cfjZos tTjx?M

kmfFrn n]vgsf lgodx?M != x/ kmfFrndf cfpg] b'O{ x/kmnfO{ ljly elgG5 . @= x/]s ljlysf] klxnf] x/kmnfO{ p7fgr'nL / bf];f| ] x/kmnfO{ h8fgs'zn elgG5 . p7fgr'nLn] ljifoa:t' ;DaGwL ;Gbe{ p7fg ug]{ / h8fgs'znn] p7fgr'nLn] p7fPsf] ;Gbe{n] dfu]sf] efa s'zn tl/sfn] hf]8\g' xf] .

3

tf/fk'~h #= $= %= ^= &= *= (= !)= !!= !@= !#= !$= !%= !^=

;+o'Qm kmfFrn;ª\u|x

klxnf] ljlynfO{ pFhfO{ elgG5 . h:n] kmfFrn ufogdf k|d've'ldsf lgjf{x ub{5 . kmfFrn ufogdf pFhfOn] ufognfO{ plhNofpFb} >f]tf jf bz{sx?nfO{ cfsif{0f ug]{ sfd ub{5 . klxnf] ljly kl5 qmdzMkl5 cfpg] ljlyx?nfO{ k'R5 klg elgG5 . x/ ljly / k'R5df kmfFsf] / km]tsf] rdTsf/Lk'0f{ 9+un] k|of]u ug'{ kb{5 . s'g} ca:yfdf eg] km]t nf]k / kmfFsf] sf] ;;Qm k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . kmfFrn ufog / k7g b'a} of]Uo eP klg u]ofTds x'g h?/ 5 . kmfFsf] kmfFrnsf] d'6' xf] eg] km]t cf;g xf] . s'g} cj:yfdf kmfFrnsf] kmfFsf];uF km]t klg hf]8/] cfpFb5 . h:t}M ;fgLdf, kfgLdf, ;fgL / kfgL kmfFsf] cGtu{t kb{5 df km]t cGtu{t kb{5 . t/ o;/L cfPsf kmfFsf]x?nfO{ km]t nf]ksf] ?kdf lnOG5 . kmfFrn 5Gbdf klg n]Vg ;lsG5 t/ :jtGqtf k|bfgtfsf] lx;fjn] s'g} 5Gb lgodn] afFlwg' g} k5{ eGg] clgjfo{ 5}g . kmfFrn rf/ ljly eGbf sdsf] u0fgf plrt x'Fb}g . rf/ ljly kl5 eg] hlt ljly klg nDAofpg ;lsG5 . l;Ëf] kmfFrn Pp6f k'~h xf] . u0fgfubf{ kmfFrnsf] ! k'~h, @ k'~h qmd; ul/G5 . kmfFrn :jtGq ljwf ePsf]n] h'g;'s} j:t'nfO{ lnP/ ;[hgf ug{ ;lsG5 . kmfFrnsf] ljly qmd g6'6fOsg nDAofP/ ;f/f ljifoa:t'x? ;d]6]/ kmfFrn dxfFk'~h klg lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 . pFhfOsf] cyf{t klxnf] ljlydf kmfFsf] / km]t k|of]u x'bF f bf];f| ] ljlydf km]t nf]k t];f| d] f k'gMkmfFsf] km]t rf}yf]df km]t nf]k ul/ qmd; Ps–Ps ljlysf] cGt/df kmfFrn n]vgnfO{ rdTsfl/tf lbg ;lsG5 . xnGt nfu]sf] j0f{, cfwf j0f{ / O{ O p pm h:tf cIf/f+;sf] lgodkfngf cg';f/ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . h:nfO{ s'g} cj:yfdf u0fgf ul/G5 eg] s'g} cj:yfdf u0fgf ul/b}g . ufogsf] xsdf kmfFrn ufpFbf Ps–Ps ljlysf] cGt/df pFhfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpg clgjfo{ 5 . kmfFrnsf] lzif{s dfGo 5}g . lht]Gb| >]i7 …/l;sÚ

4

tf/fk'~h

;+o'Qm kmfFrn;ª\u|x

kmfFrn ;Kttf/fsf klxnf] ofqf

tf/fk'~h kmfFrn;ª\ux| lht]Gb| >]i7 /l;ssf] ;+of]hgdf ob'gfy j;Gtk'/,] alb|axfb'/ tfdfª, lbk]Gb| >]i7 pbf;, lbk]; Psn -cfrfo{_, kmO{Gb| tfdfË / y/]Gb| ld> u/L ;ft hgfsf] ;d"xsf] ;lqmotfdf tf/fk'~h gfds kmfFrn;Fufnf] k|:t't ePsf] 5 . o;nfO{ kmfFrn ofqfsf] z'?jft egL 3f]if0ff klg ul/Psf] 5 . uhndfh:t} 5'§} lgod agfpg vf]lhPsf] 5 t/ l;h{gfTds k|:t'lt pxL uhnsf u}/ax/ / g]kfnL nf]snosf ;jfO{ nod} cfPsf e]l6G5g\ . ob'hLn] st} st} zf:qLo 5GbnfO{ kqmg vf]h]sf] e]l6G5 . gofF z}nLsf sljtfTds k|:t'lt 5g\ . h]xf];\ ;ft sljx?sf] of] k|of; cToGt ;/fxgLo Pjd\ k|z+;gLo 5 . g]kfnL ;flxTodf Pp6f csf]{ cfofdsf] z'?jft < cjZo klg x'g]5 . ;fwgf d]xgtaf6 gofF l;4fGtsf] cfljisf/ ug{ ;lsG5 . lht]Gb| >]i7 /l;sn] kmfFrn egL sljtfdf gofF ;"q agfpg] s'/f] pKsfPsf 5g\ . df]tL/fd e§n] pb"{af6 cfPsf] uhnnfO{ g]kfnLkgdf 9fn] . uhnsf lgodx? klxn} alg;s]sf lyP . e§n] lgod gofF agfPsf xf]Ogg\ . a'e\mg] efiffdf n]v]sf x'g\ . df]tL d08nL agfP, cfkm"nfO{ ;fy lbg] ;fyLx?sf] . uhn n]vgsf] z'?jft u/] g]kfnL efiffdf . ;+:s[taf6 cfPsf] lkËn;"qd} n]lvPsf kmf/;L uhn, ToxL ld7f;nfO{ g]kfnLdf NofP/ df]tL/fdn] gofF qmflGt u/]sf x'g\ elgPsf] xf]Og, df]tLd08nL agfP/ g]kfnL ;flxTosf] ljsf; ul/Psf] dfq xf] . df]tL/fdn] n]v]sf ;a} uhnx? lkËn;"qs} ;+:s[t 5Gbsf x'g\, gofF cfofd xf]Og . g]kfnL uhn n]Vg] qmddf kl5 cfP/ ax/af6 u}/ax/ x'g yfn]sf] xf] . sf/0f, 5Gbsf ax/ n]Vg clnslt cK7\of/f] dfGg]x?n] g]kfnL nf]snodf ax/x? agfpg yfn] . cem :jtGq ?kn] cufl8 cfpg yfn] . lht]Gb|hLsf] ;+of]hgdf cfPsf] o; ;+u|xsf ;ft sljx?sf l;h{gfx? gofF lgoda4sf gofF z}nLdf cfPsf 5g\ . h:t}M 5

;+o'Qm kmfFrn;ª\u|x tf/fk'~h lht]Gb| >]i7 /l;s ækmfFrnÆ-uLltljwf_ of] ljwf :jtGq / s]xL lgodleq afFlwP/ n]lvg] ljwf xf] . o;nfO{ km'Ng / kmnfpg x/ ;flxTosf/ tyf ;|:6fx? / ;flxlTos cg'/fuLx?n] g]kfnL e"ldaf6 ;'?jft ePsf] kmfFrn ljwfnfO{ /fli6«o cGt/fli6«o If]q;Dd lj:tf/ ug{ cf–cfkm'n] ;Sg] of]ubfg k'¥ofpg g]kfnL dg g]kfnL d'6'n] nflukg]{ 5 eGg] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' . lhGbufgL km'n h:tf] eP x'GYof] a? km"n h:t} kmlqmP/ uP x"GYof] a?

-g]kfnL nf]sno ;jfO{_

b]z b'v] ltdL xfdL ;a} b'Vg'k5{ Ps} ;fy uGtJodf ;a} k'Ug' k5{ -g]kfnL nf]sno ;jfO{_ ob'gfy a;Gtk'/] d d'bf{ ag];L ltdL ufF; 5f8\5f} d hNg yfNb5' ltdL cf; 5f8\5f} lbk]Gb| >]i7 kmfFrn ljwfsf] klxnf] s[lt of] a;]5 cGhfgd} dfofF k|Llt of] alb|axfb'/ tfdfË, ;flxTosf] Oltxf;df Pp6f pQ/cfw'lgs xltof/ -postmodern weapon_ xf], kmfFrn ljwf . kmfFrnsf] k|xf/jf6 xfdLn] x/]s ;dfhdf ljBdfg ;s'gLsf b[irqmx?nfO{ tf]8\g] ofqfsf] ;'?jft u/]sf 5f}+ . dfG5]x?sf] le8jf6 cgfof;} x/fPF d cfkm\gf] gfsdf cfkm} 5f]O lsg cfh s/fPF d lbk]; Psn -cfrfo{_ ljZj ;f/f hUdufO{ n]lv/x'g kmfFrn ca OltxfF; 8UdufO{ n]lv/x'g kmfFrn ca kmO{Gb| tfdfË s7} Û Tof] ef]s} d/]sf] csf]{n] d:tL u/]sf] 6

tf/fk'~h

;+o'Qm kmfFrn;ª\u|x

sf]xL bf;L, sf]xL 7fn' lhGbuL h:tf] klg 7Ls}, cfn' lhGbuL y/]Gb| ld> lhGbuL of] d]/f] xf/ xf] ls hLt xf] yfxf 5}g nf} g ;hfoF ls /Lt xf] cfh lg ;':tfdf ;Ldf ldlrof] /], ;fyL rGb| ;"o{ em08f klg lylrof] /], ;fyL kmfFrn cyf{t\ km/flsnf] l;h{gfsf] z'?jft ug{ o; ;+u|xsf ;+of]hs lht]Gb|hLn] ;d:t ;flxlTos hdftnfO{ cfJxfg u/]sf 5g\ . sljtfljwfcGtu{t uLt, uhn, xfOs', tfª\sf, ;]bf]sf eg]h:t} pgn] kmfFrnsf] sNkgf u/]sf x'g\ . o;df gofF l;4fGt, ;"qsf] cfjZos kb{5 / pgn] s]xL lgodx? klg agfPsf 5g\ t/ ;f] lgod;Da4 l;h{gfn]rflxF k"0f{tf kfO;s]sf] cj:yf b]lvb}g . k|:t't kmfFrn ;d"xsf ;Kt/yLx?af6 l;lh{Psf l;h{gfdf u]ofTdstf 5 . uLltnodf ;+/rgf ePsfn] sljtfdf ld7f;, cfgGbfg'e"lt, efj sNkgf 5g\ . oL ;Kt/yLaf6 z'?jft ePsf] kmfFrn ofqfn] g]kfnL jfª\dodf dfq geO{ ljZjsf w]/} efiffdf k|efj kfg{ ;sf];\ . oxL z'esfdgf;lxt– rGb|k|;fb Gof}kfg] nepalipoetchandra@gmail.com 23 December 2008

7

tf/fk'~h

;+o'Qm kmfFrn;ª\u|x

ljZjf; b'O{ ;flxTo cg'/fuL efOx? hLt]Gb| /l;s / bLk]Gb| pbf;n] ;flxTo ;fwgfnfO{ ;femf lrGtg agfP/ o; If]qdf cxf]/fq v6]sf 5g\ . 3/sf] e"uf]n :ofpn] uflj; / sd{ynf] gjnk'/ -afF8]ufpF_ nfO{ agfpg k'u]sf b'O{ cg'h uhn ljwfsf /fd|} kf/vL x'g\ . cfk\mgf] k]zfaf6 cltl/Qm ;do lgsfn]/ Ps} /ˆtf/df Pp6} ;fwgfdf bfh'efO h'6\g' pbfx/0fLo sfo{ xf] . ;flxTonfO{ c;fWo} dfof ug]{ oL b'O{ cg'hn] ;flxlTos klqsf l;Gw' bk{0fnfO{ klg lg/Gt/tf lbFb} cfPsf 5g\ . h'g 7fpFdf pleP/ gjf]lbt ;|i6fn] cfk\mgf] ;[hgfnfO{ ;fj{hlgs u/L cfk\mgf] klxrfg pEofpg ;s]sf 5g\÷;Sg]5g\, To:tf] k|z+;gLo sfo{sf h;bf/x?sf] nfddf /l;s / pbf;nfO{ ;du| l;Gw' ;flxTon] sb/ ug]{5 . k|:t't ;ª\u|x kmfFrn h;nfO{ …tf/fk'~hÚ gfd lbOPsf] 5 . of] l;Gw'sf] ;flxlTos Oltxf;df laNs'n} gofF ljwfsf], gofF k|of;sf] yfngL klg ePsf] 5 . ;+o'Qm ?kdf & hgfsf] o; s[ltn] k/cl:tTj l:jsf/, ;femf lrGtgsf] ks6tfsf] ;'?jftsf] cfXjfgsf ?kdf klg a'‰g ;lsG5 . dnfO{ yfxf nfu];Dd l;Gw' ;flxTodf kmfFrn;ª\u|x klxnf] k6s k':tsfsf/ ?kdf of] …tf/fk'~hÚ g} xf] . ;flxTosf] jfl6sfdf gjLgtd\ k|flKt / ;femf k|oTgsf sf/0fn] klg o;n] cy{ /fVg]5 eg] o; ljwfdf ?lrs/x?nfO{ dfu{;d]t k|z:t ug]{5 eGg] d]/f] ljZjf; 5 . cGtdf o; s[ltsf s[ltsf/ ob'gfy j;Gtk'/], hLt]Gb| >]i7 /l;s, bLk]Gb| >]i7 pbf;, alb|axfb'/ tfdfª, lbk]z Psn cfrfo{, kmOGb| tfdfª / y/]Gb| ld>nfO{ of] ;t\k|of;sf nflu xflb{s wGojfb . ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf Û – cldt l3ld/] l;Gw' ;flxTo clen]vfno, l;Gw'kfNrf]s email: amurtaamit@gmail.com 8

tf/fk'~h

hLt]Gb| >]i7 …/l;sÚ

n]vs kl/ro ;flxlTos gfd M hGd M lktf M dftf M lzIff M 7]ufgf M k|sflzt s[ltx? M M

/l;s @)#* efb| hunfn >]i7 /dfb]jL >]i7 :gfts :ofpn]ahf/–^, l;Gw'kfNrf]s x[bo:kzL{ 5fnx? -un;ª\u|x @)^$_ l;Udfsf] cNsfk'/L -pkGof;_ hLt]Gb| >]i7 –k|sfzgtof/L tf/fk'~h -;+o'Qm kmfFrn;ª\u|x, tkfO{+sf] xftdf_ ;f+uLlts emª\sf/x? -uLt;ª\u|x_ d jlxisf/jfbL -sljtf;ª\u|x_ jx/s'08 -jx/ uhn;ª\u|x_ nHhfjtL -pkGof;_ cQ/ k"mnleq -uhn;ª\u|x_ of}jgsf k"mnx? -uhn;ª\u|x_ uGtJo cj/f]w -xfOs';ª\u|x_ …g'u :ofgf jÚ -g]jf/L uhn;ª\u|x_ cGwf]o'u / r:df -lgaGw;ª\u|x_ u|fdL0f o'jf ;dfh Sna -pkfWoIf, @)%&_ b /]o"sfO{ g]kfn -;lqmo ;b:o, @)%*_ dWofGx b}lgs -sf7df8f}+ ;+jfbbftf, @)^)_ Pe/]i6 ld// -sf7df8f}+ ;+jfbbftf, @)^)_ g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 -;fwf/0f ;b:o, @)^!_ k|To''0f OG6/6]G6 dfl;s -k|=;Dkfbs, sf7df8f}+, @)^)_ g]kfn cflbjf;L kqsf/ ;+3 -;f= ;b:o, nlntk'/, @)^@_

M k|sfzf]Gd'v s[ltx?M M M M M M M M M ;+nUgtf M M M M M M M M clj/n ;flxTo ;dfh -cfhLjg ;b:o, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, @)^$_

;Dk|lt

M M M M

l;Gw' ;+ud ;flxTo ;dfh -;+:yfks cWoIf, gjnk'/, @)^$_ l;Gw' bk{0f ;flxlTos dfl;s -k|sfzs÷;Dkfbs, @)^$_ kmfFrnd08nL -;+:yfks cWoIf, @)^%_ :jtGq kqsfl/tf 9

tf/fk'~h

hLt]Gb| >]i7 …/l;sÚ

kmfFrn ;Gbe{ ;w}–;w} cf}8fxf rNYof] dgel/, s] xfdL g]kfnL s]lx ug{ ;Sb}gf} < s] ;w} kfZrfTo, k'lj{o / cGo ;flxTosf] k'R5/ ;dfP/ dfq bf}l8/xg] < s] g]kfnL ;flxTo e'dLjf6} Pp6f gf}nf] s]lx ug{ ;Sb}gf} < sl/a cfwf bzs cl3 æRof6 k|m] G8Æ 8f]gf n/]i6, hf] OG8f]g]l;ofnL ;fyL lyOg\ . plg Tolx+s} Pp6f …o'lgel;{6LÚdf ;flxTo ;DaGwL g} cWog ul//x]sL lyOg\ . pgsf] / d]/f] cg\nfOg\ e]63f6df k|foh;f] ;flxTo / /fli6«otf af/] s'/fsfgL x'g] uYof}{ . pgn] dnfO{ ;w} emSemsfpFlyg\ . Pp6f To:tf] gofF sfo{ u/ h'g ljZjdf klxnf] xf]; . cfkm'n] hfg] b]lv ;flxTodf Pp6f gf}nf] cfofd yKg sDd/ s:b} S.L.C. kZrft efiff ;flxTo / kqsfl/tf cWogsf] nflu sf7df08f} xflgPsf] d, dgsf] cu]gfdf a;fn]sf] bfgL af]s]/, kqsfl/tf / ;flxTosf] Pp6f ;ª\ud:ynsf] ?kdf /Tg/fHonIdL -dfgljsL SofDk;_df cWog ub}{ sf7df08f} s} ljleGg kqklqsfdf kqsfl/tf k];f cfjnDjg ub}{ lbgx? laTb} uP . sf7df08f}sf] a;fO{ el/ ;flxTo ;fwgfdf ;do vlr{of] . SofDk;–SofDk;df x'g] ;flxlTos k|ltof]lutf, sf7df08f} l:yt ljleGg ;flxTo ;dfhx? h; dWo clega ;flxTo ;dfh / ;fdfv';L ;flxTo ;dfhsf] ulx/f] k|efj 5 d;F+u . sl/a Ps bh{gsf] xf/fxf/Ldf uLt, uhn, xfOs', sljtf / pkGof;sf kf08'lnkL k':tsx? ;'/lIft 5g\ d ;Fu . t/, k|sfzgsf] lx;fjn] d]/f ;[hgfx?nfO{ d}n] Gofo lbg ;s]sf] 5}g . lo ;j} ;[hgfsf 7]NnLx? s}b u/L w]/} aif{ cl3 b]lv ;flxTo If]qdf Pp6f gofF ljwf ylklbg] d]/f] b[9tf ;kgf cfh tfhf ljkgfdf kl/0ft ug]{ cjz/ kmfFrn d08nLn] h'/fOlbPsf] 5 . h'g gj ljwf aiff}{ cl3 ;'qkft u/L ue{ d} 7'GSofO/fv]sf] lyPF . h:nfO{ hGdfpg ;kmn ePsf 5f}+ . h'g gj ljwf xf], ækmfFrnÆ-uLltljwf_ of] ljwf :jtGq / s]lx lgod leq afFlwP/ n]lvg] ljwf xf] . o:nfO{ km'Ng / kmnfpg x/ ;flxTosf/ tyf ;|:tfx? / ;flxlTos cg'/flusx?n] udg ul/ g]kfnL e"ldaf6 ;'?jft ePsf] kmfFrn ljwfnfO{ /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o If]q;Dd lj:tf/ ug{ cf–cfkm'n] ;Sg] of]ubfg k'¥ofpg g]kfnL dg g]kfnL d'6n' ] nflu kg]{ 5 eGg] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' . clGtddf, kmfFrn n]vg ;DalGw hfgsf/L lnP/ ;ª\ux| k|sfzg ug{ sDd/ s:g' ePsf ;|:tf tyf ;flxTosf/ bfh' ob'gfy a;Gtk'/,] ldq kmOGb| tfdfª, lbk]z cfrfo{, alb|axfb'/ tfdfª, y/]Gb| ld>, efO lbk]Gb| >]i7 æpbf;Æ / z'esfdgf dGtAo n]vL cfhLjg C0fL agfpg' x'g] bfh' slj rGb| k|= Gof}kfg] / kmfFrn s[ltsf] gfd ;Fu cd't{ snf kf]v/] z'eR] 5f;Fu} cfj/0f ;hfOlbg' ePsf bfh' cldt l3ld/]kl| t kmfFrn ljwf / d :jo+ ;bf–;bfsf] nflu C0fL ag]sf] 5' . hLt]Gb| >]i7 /l;s :ofpn]ahf/–^, l;Gw'kfNrf]s -;Dks{M (&$!!&)^*!÷(*)##%#@*%_ 10

tf/fk'~h

hLt]Gb| >]i7 …/l;sÚ

k'~h–! lhGbufgL km'n h:tf] eP x'GYof] a? km"n h:t} kmlqmP/ uP x'GYof] a? ag]/ ;'jflifgL ;'jfif 5l/ lbGy]+ a;Gtsf] xl/ofnL kfp kl/ lbGy]+ eFj/fn] r'Dbf cw/ cfpFYof] dhf j]Un} :kz{df km"n s];|f 5fpFYof] dhf j]Un} nf]le+b} Kofl; alg cfpFy] xf]nf sf]lx d]/} uLt /dfO{ ufpFy] xf]nf sf]lx dlGb/df km'n y'FËf ;hfP/ sf]lx /Dy] xf]nfg\ k~r]afhf ahfP/ sf]lx kfl/hft lzl/if slx+ j'l' s km'n em}+ km'Ng kfP /Dy]+ d rl/ j'nj'n em}+ lhGbufgL km'n h:tf] eP x'GYof] a? km"n h:t} kmlqmP/ uP x"GYof] a?

11

tf/fk'~h

hLt]Gb| >]i7 …/l;sÚ

k'~h–@ pdf/L pdf/L d tgsf] rfx d ;lSbg /f]Sg of] dgsf] rfx slx+ x]/L –x]/L lrQ a'emfPF of] slx+ /f]O{ –/fO{ tg ?emfPF of] cf;fsf] kxf8 r9]/ cfpFb5 } ' d cfkm\g} e/ k/]/ cfpFb5 } ' 5 rfx xhf/ of] b]zdf d]/f] g s'g} rfxfgf ef] P];df d]/f] g]kfnL hut} ;j} ;'vL ag'g\ cFWof/f] o'u Tof] lbof] 6'ls ag'g\ dxfFsfnL d]r + L g36'g\ l;dfgf k/fO{ e"dLdf gr9'g\ l;dfgf d aln r9]/ b]z arfpF5' g]kfnLx?sf] e]if arfpF5' pdf/L pdf/L d tgsf] rfx d ;lSbg /f]Sg of] dgsf] rfx 12

tf/fk'~h

hLt]Gb| >]i7 …/l;sÚ

k'~h–# tf/fx? nfjf;/L ha em5{ sf]lx cfO{ dg d]/f] ta x5{ cfsf;sf] tf/fnfO{ ;f]W5' ;w}+ Tolx tf/f uugdf vf]H5' ;w}+ lhGbuL lsg sfvd} d/\of] cfh kftem}+ e'Od{ f lsg em/\of] cfh b}a nfu]sf] xf] ls sd}{ 5f]6f] xf] ljof]u /Lt xf] ls efUo vf]6f] xf] tf/fx? nfjf;/L ha em5{ sf]lx cfO{ dg d]/f] ta x5{ -l;Gw'bk{0f ;flxlTos å}dfl;s @)^$ df k|sflzt_ 13

tf/fk'~h

hLt]Gb| >]i7 …/l;sÚ

k'~h–$ dg'k{ /] b]zs} nflu dg'k{ 5{ ;fyL cfh} b]vL Pp6f k|0f ug'k{ 5{ ;fyL cefuLn] sxfF kfpg\ g]kfnh:tf] b]z km'ns ] f 5g\ kmn]sf 5g\ ax'efiff / e]if emn n n ;u/dfyf 3fd xfF:bf v]/L ;f]efodfg b]z 5 do'/ gfRbf v]/L :ju{ h:t} ;'Gb/ b]zsf xfdL xf}+ dfnL aGg' x'Gg ca sf]lx b]zsf] nflu hfnL dg'k{ /] b]zs} nflu dg'k{ 5{ ;fyL cfh} b]vL Pp6f k|0f ug'k{ 5{ ;fyL 14

tf/fk'~h

hLt]Gb| >]i7 …/l;sÚ

k'~h–% ltdL tf/f lyof}+ h'g eP/ cfP5f} ltdL rfFlb lyof} ;'g eP/ cfP5f} b'lgofF of] cfsf; uug hUdufp t]h lvlr ;f/f hut of] 8Udufp h] hosf/ dgfO{/x'Fnf d ltd|} ;f/f hut z"e sx'Fnf d ltd|} ;+;f/ el/ xlNn / vlNn u?Fnf d al:t al:t r]tgfsf] Kofnf e?Fnf d ltdL vf]N;f lyof}+ vf]nf eP/ cfP5f}+ cGofo lj?å uf]nf eP/ cfP5f}+ tdL tf/f lyof}+ h'g eP/ cfP5f} ltdL rfFlb lyof} ;'g eP/ cfP5f} 15

tf/fk'~h

hLt]Gb| >]i7 …/l;sÚ

k'~h–^ b]z b'v] ltdL xfdL ;a} b'Vg'k5{ Ps} ;fy uGtAodf ;a} k'Ug' k5{ /fi6«3ftL j}/LnfO{ cfFSg' k5{ ;w}+ zfGt /fi6« ;d[l4df xfFSg' k5{ ;w} Hofg} clj ;fFRg'k5{ ;'Gb/ b]z of] ax' efiff ;+:s[tL / ;of}+ 5 e]if of] lxdfn kxf8 t/fO{ xfd|f] g]kfn ljZj;fd' km}lnPsf] of] /fd|f] g]kfn ;u/dfyf d';S' s xfF:bf ;a} bË 5ftL leq b]z xfDn] 6fF:bf ;a} bË b]z b'v] ltdL xfdL ;a} b'Vg'k5{ Ps} ;fy uGtAodf ;a} k'Ug' k5{ -l;Gw'bk{0f ;flxlTos å}dfl;s jif{ @ c+s ( df k|sflzt_ 16

tf/fk'~h

hLt]Gb| >]i7 …/l;sÚ

k'~h–& Ps c~h'nL ltd|f] dfofF ;j{t xf] sL kfgL lkpFbf lkpFb} ljt] x'GYof] ;f/f lhGbufgL xNsf xNsf dft nfuf]; lkpFbf ltd|f] dfofF b'Mv lk8f ;f/f efuf]; l;pFbf ltd|f] dfofF hf]l8 9's/' as}gfdf cfk\mg} uLt ufpFbf xfdL b'O{ rf}tf/Ldf lk|tsf] nflu wfpFbf xfF:Yof] h'g tf/f klg xfd|f] hf]l8 b]vk] l5 v';L x'GYof] emg} ltdL d}n] lrl¶ n]v]kl5 l;tsf] yf]kf ltDnfO{ 5f]O{ 6Kk e'FO{ embf{ nfUYof] hLjg slt ;'Gb/ ltDn] dgxbf{ Ps c~h'nL ltd|f] dfofF ;j{t xf] sL kfgL lkpFbf lkpFb} ljt] x'GYof] ;f/f lhGbufgL -Jofcf; dfl;s jif{ & c+s $ df k|sflzt_ 17

tf/fk'~h

hLt]Gb| >]i7 …/l;sÚ

k'~h–* d:t lgGb«f jf6 p7f}+ nf} ca xfd|} kfnf] 5 3'/\ofg h'7\ofg lgofn TofxfF v'g cfnf] 5 gofF g]kfn agfof}+ eG5g\ v} d p:t} b]V5' ;f/f sfd sfh x]/+] t/ ult ;':t} b]V5' alnbfg of] g]kfnLsf] v]/ ghfcf];\ km]/L larng / ;+st] xhf/ gcfcf];\ km]/L sfdgf 5 g]kfnsf ;Qfwf/L xf]; ug'{ zfGt /fi6« :jtGqtf nf} km"n cQ/ 5g'{ s'NRof} eg] hgrfxfgf >fk nfU5 ltDnfO{ /fi6« k|lt 3ft u/] nf} kfk nfU5 ltDnfO{ d:t lgGb«f jf6 p7f}+ nf} ca xfd|} kfnf] 5 3'/\ofg h'7\ofg lgofn TofxfF v'g cfnf] 5 -l;Gw'k|jfx ;fKtflxs jif{ ^ c+s @* @)^% df k|sflzt_ 18

tf/fk'~h

hLt]Gb| >]i7 …/l;sÚ

k'~h–( ;w}+ ltdL d]/f] xft dfU5f} lsg < dfofF u5'{ eGb} /ft dfU5f} lsg < cfFvf ;GsfO{ dnfO{ 8fS5f} klg ltd|f] 5]p k'Ubf k/ efU5f} klg ltvf{Psf] j6'jfem} Kof;L ltdL gaGg' nf} lk/tLsf] bf;L ltdL 5n xf] ls an xf] of] eg ;fg' sxfF 9'Ëf xf] / d]/f] dg ;fg' hf]Vb}5f} lsg dnfO{ knkn g;f lbof} lk/ltsf] 9nkn ;w}+ ltdL d]/f] xft dfU5f} lsg < dfofF u5'{ eGb} /ft dfU5f} lsg < 19

tf/fk'~h

hLt]Gb| >]i7 …/l;sÚ

k'~h–!) d /ut lbG5' nf} l;+rfO{ u/ afFRg]x? b]znfO{ dfofF ul/ 5ftL dfyL 6fF:g]x?

5n5fd ug]s { f] v}/ft 5}g ca x]/ afF9 bn]/ l;dfgfdf d/]sf ;a x]/ slt 3ft u/] u/] /fHo xfFSg] zfifsn] cfkmg} ;Gtfgsf] 5ftL uf]nL tfSg] zfifsn] p7 hfu o'jf xf] d;fn af]ls r]tgfsf] x'Gg r'k al; nf} kfOnf /f]ls r]tgfsf] cfjfh b]p ltdL d af]nL ufnf}nf cfuf] e} s' zfifssf s'/LtL kmQ] kf/f}nf cfuf] e} d /ut lbG5' ltdL l;rfO{ u/ afFRg]x? b]znfO{ dfofF ul/ 5ftL dfyL 6fF:g]x?

20

tf/fk'~h

bLk]Gb| >]i7 …pbf;Ú

n]vs kl/ro

gfd hGd lktf dftf hGd:yfg lzIff k|sflzt s[lt s[lt

M lbk]Gb| >]i7 …pbf;Ú M @)$) kmfNu'g !$ut] M >L hunfn >]i7 M >LdtL /dfb]jL >]i7 M :ofpn] ahf/–^, l;=kf= bLk]Gb| >]i7 …pbf;Ú M k|df0fkq tx M /fli6«o :t/sf kqklqsfx?df ljleGg n]v /rgfx? k|sflzt M x[bo:kzL{ 5fnx? -;+o'Qm uhn;ª\u|x_ @)^$, tf/fk'~h -;+o'Qm kmfFrn;ª\u|x_ tkfO+{s} xftdf k|sfzf]Gd'v s[ltx? M uhn;fu/ -uhn;ª\u|x_ dGyg -sljtf;ª\u|x_ ;'>Jo -uLlt;ª\u|x_ u'~hg -ax/, uhn;ª\u|x_ ;~hLjgL -xfOs";ª\u|x_ of]ubfg M sf]lzif dfl;s ;flxlTos klqsf lrtjg -k|ltlgwL_ @)%(, dWofGx b}lgs sf7df08f} -;Djfbbftf_ @)^), Pe/]i6 ld// dfl;s sf7df08f} -;Djfbbftf_ @)^!, l;Gw' ;Gb]z ;fDtflxs rf}tf/f -;Dafbbftf_@)^$, l;Gw'bk{0f b}dfl;s ;Dkfbs÷k|sfzs@)^$, g]kfn kqsf/ dxfF;+3 sf7df08f} ;f=;b:o @)^$, l;Gw' ;+ud ;flxTo ;dfh ;+:yfks sf]iffWoIf @)^$, kmfFrnd08nL sf]iffWoIf, @)^% ;Dk|lt M :jtGq kqsf/

21

tf/fk'~h

bLk]Gb| >]i7 …pbf;Ú

gjljwf xf] kmfFrn ;do lg/Gt/ 5, jlu/xG5 ;w}+–;w}+, t/ ;do ;+u} xfdL dfgjx? axg ;s]gf}F eg] slxn] k5fl/G5 t slxn] n5fl/G5, slxn] lsgf/fdf ntfl/G5, slxn] e'd/Ldf kl/G5 . xf], o:t}–o:t} lgotL ef]Ug' k5{ xfdL dfgjx?n], o:t} IftljIft ;dox? ;+u axb} a}rfl/s sfObf p7fpg ;Sof} eg] kSs} klg gljg ;flxTo l;h{gf x'g k'U5 . log} ;flxTo leqsf] gj ljwf xf] kmfFrn, ev{/} hGd]sf] of] kmfFrn ljwf aiff} ;Dd e|'0f agL ue{ d} l;ldt /x\of] t/ Toltv]/ ;Dd xfdL 6'n'6'n' x]g{ jfx]s c? s]lx ug{ ;s]gf} Ps af6 b'O{ x'b} clxn] xfdL ;ft k'Uof}+ clg ;+u|xdf ;dflxt eof}+ / ;Dk"0f{ /fli6«o, cGt/fli6«o n]vlso ;|i6fx?df kmfFrn ljwfsf] :jfb rvfpgs} lgdLQ ePklg xfdL nfluk/]sf 5f}+ . n]vgLs} s'/f]ug'{kbf{ em08} Ps bzssf] xf/xf/Ldf uhn, sljtf, uLt, xfO{s' / 5Gb uhn u/L 5,;ft j6f ;ª\u|x tof/L cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 eg] o; cl3 @)^# ;fndf x[bo :kzL{ 5fnx? uhn;ª\u|x_ lnP/ tkfO{x? ;fd' em'lNs;s]sf] 5 . xfdL b'O{ bfh'efOsf w]/} ofqffx? dWo km]/L Pp6f ofqf ag]sf] 5 tf/fk'~h -;+o'Qm kmfFrn ;+u|x_ cfdf, afa'sf] Gofgf] cflz{jfb /lx/x\of] eg] kSs} klg cl3 a9\g ;lsFbf] /x]5 . of] d]/f] bf];|f] ofqfdf w]/} cg'ej u/]+ . / d}n] o;} ;ª\u|xdfkm{t ;Demg' kbf{ d]/f] sd{sf] /]vfÍg u/Llbg'x'g] ;xf]b/ lbbL legfh' ljh]z lxdfno, /ZdL lxdfno, dnfO{ ;flxlTos ofqfdf ;fy lbg'x'g] ;xf]b/ bfh' hLt]Gb| >]i7 …/l;sÚ, kfOnf–kfOnfdf pleg' x'g] z'elrGts ;fyLefO{x? / dnfO{ o; wlt{sf] jf]w u/fOlbg' x'g] afaf, cfdf df of] ;+u|x ;dk{0f ub{5' . ;fy} tkfO{x?sf] dfofF :g]x /lx/xof] eg] l5§}g} csf]{ s[lt tkfO{x? ;fd' 6qm\ofpg] afrfsf ;fy cf]em]n k5{ ægd:t]Æ. lbk]Gb| >]i7 …pbf;Ú ;Dks{M (&$!!$**^$ 22

tf/fk'~h

bLk]Gb| >]i7 …pbf;Ú

k'~h–! kmfFrn ljwfsf] klxnf] s[lt of] a;]5 cGhfgd} dfofF lk|tL of] kmfFrn ;flxTo km'n xf] s];/L b'Mvn] ;'vn] km'nfpF j];/L dfof / lk|tLdf kmfFrn kmlqmof] / ld7f] dfg]/} ;|i6f n] klqmof] jf;gf x// Sof ld7f] kmfFrn hut} ;Dxfn ;flxTo cfFrn ldn]df zAb w'g Sof/fd|f] cfxf dfy d} x'G5 h'g Sof /fd|f] cfxf k}/lj gofF of] kmfFrn ljwfdf dnd klQ nf} nufpF lk8fdf hLt]Gb| bfh'n] hGdfof] kmfFrn b'nlx agfO{ cGdfof] kmfFrn kmfFrn ljwfsf] klxnf] s[lt of] a;]5 cGhfgd} dfofF lk|tL of] 23

tf/fk'~h

bLk]Gb| >]i7 …pbf;Ú

k'~h–@ b'Mv ;'v j/fj/L eof] lhGbufgL rfxf/]/ efUo vf]Hg uof] lhGbufgL cfkm} nfpF cfkm} vfpF x'Gg lhGbufgL ;'v} ;'v slxn] lg 5'Gg lhGbufgL n'sLsxfF kf] a:5g\ xf]nf ;'vsf] vfgL e]6\5' j? d htftt} b'Mvsf] vfgL lgoltn] u¥of] cfh} lsg cfgfsfgL bf]wf/df k¥of}+ xfdL cfh hfghfgL b'Mv ;'v j/fj/L eof] lhGbufgL rfx/]/ efUo vf]Hg uof] lhGbufgL 24

tf/fk'~h

bLk]Gb| >]i7 …pbf;Ú

k'~h–# w]/} eof] ;fyL ltDn] tnlt/} tfGg vf]Hof lgwf{nfO{ ws]n/] ltdL dfq hfGg vf]Hof d}n] klg ltdLn] em}+ of}6f jf6f] vGg vf]Hbf s'gl} bg ;x]sf]y+] b'jx} ft jfGg vf]Hbf ;do wf/ xf] ;fyL rf]6 klg nfUg ;S5 w]/} hfGg] eof] eg] vf]6 klg nfUg ;S5 ;S5f} eg] cfkm' ;Fu} lx+8fpg' k5{ ;fyL lgr dfG5] k'n eGb} h+3f/ sf] t5{ ;fyL w]/} eof] ;fyL ltDn] tnlt/} tfGg vf]Hof lgwf{nfO{ ws]n/] ltdL dfq hfGg vf]Hof 25

tf/fk'~h

bLk]Gb| >]i7 …pbf;Ú

k'~h–$ sd{ htf 7f]lSsPgL ;'Gotfg} xft nfU5 cefuLsf] lhGbufgL vf]l6 sd{ ;fy nfU5 rqm h:t} 3'Dbf] x'G5 dfG5] sf] rf]nf xh'/ tg{ vf]H5' lhGbuL lsg j9]5 vf]nf xh'/ bf]xf]¥ofP lhGbuL efUo dfyL 7SS/ nfUof] lxF8\b} lyP ef}t+ f/L Hofg} 9Ng] rSs/ nfUof] b}j klg b'MvL dfyL b'Mv} lbG5 lg/Gt/ ds} lkGg] jxfgfdf 3'g lkG5 lg/Gt/ sd{htf 7f]lSsPgL ;'Gotfg} xft nfU5 cefuLsf] lhGbufgL vf]l6 sd{ ;fy nfU5 26

tf/fk'~h

bLk]Gb| >]i7 …pbf;Ú

k'~h–% kmf]6f] afnL cf}7+ L ufnL ltd|f] ofb d]6\g kfP slt hflt x'GYof] xf]nf dg}jf6 v]b\g kfP lj;{e' G5' emg}uf9f ofb cfpF5 lsg xf] w;d; dg}df tl:a/ 5fpF5 lsg xf] lj;{g g} uf¥xf] eof] eG5f} ltdL h}n] klg uf¥xf] x'G5 oxfF dg a'emfpg d}n] klg lt/ b'O6{ f vf]nf Pp6} xfd|f] lhGbufgL o:t}–o:t} x'bf]/5 } slt rfd|f] lhGbufgL kmf]6f] afnL cf}7+ L ufnL ltd|f] ofb d]6\g kfP slt hflt x'GYof] xf]nf dg}jf6 v]b\g kfP 27

tf/fk'~h

bLk]Gb| >]i7 …pbf;Ú

k'~h–^ ljt]sf s'/fn] em:sfof] dnfO{ of] 5flt el/ nf} r:sfof] dnfO{ stf kf] b'V5 v} 5fDb}5' dg of] cfF;s ' f] e]ndf 7fDb}5' dg of] b'vs ] f] x/fof] cf}vlt d'nf]n] dg} kf] r's5 ] s] slt e'nn] kf/]/ d PSn} uP5f} ltdL kf] bf]wf/] lhGbuL eP5f} ltdL kf] ljZjf; r's5 ] ltdLdf cr]n ;a}n] y's5 ] ltdLdf cr]n, ljt]sf s'/fn] em:sfof] dnfO{ of] 5flt el/ nf} r:sfof] dnfO{ 28

tf/fk'~h

bLk]Gb| >]i7 …pbf;Ú

k'~h–& lrKnf dfG5]sf] lrKn} s'/f yfxf x'Gg w;]sf] 5'/f st} pGn] u'0f b]vfof] a}ul' g n] w'F8f 6]sfof] lj;L{P5 u'0fsf] s'/f km]/L u5{ h'gsf] s'/f ghfg]/} xf] ls plgn] kfk u/]5 j}ul' gn] afFRg' g} j]sf/ lhGbuL eP5 lwSsf/ lhGbuL lrKnf dfG5]sf] lrKn} s'/f yfxf x'Gg w;]sf] 5'/f 29

tf/fk'~h

bLk]Gb| >]i7 …pbf;Ú

k'~h–* w]/} ofb cfof] cfh kmf]6f] x]g{ ;lsPg 9';L nfUof kq lyof] t/ s]g{ ;lsPg xft sfDof] d'6' 5fDof] 8/ s]lx x}g /}5 ;DemL ?Gy]+ s}n] ,t/ s]lx klg 5}g /}5 lj;L{ ;s]+ ltd|f] dfofF hf]8\g yfn]+ pgLlt/ jf6f] ltd|f] hflg e'n+] df]8\g yfn]+ pgLlt/ dgldNof] plg;Fu efUon] h'/fO{lbof] pT;flx xfdL Yof}+ eujfgn] k'¥ofO{ lbof] cfh lgs} pd+un] aGwgdf afFlwP d v'Nnf Yof] lhGbuL of] Jojxf/df ;fFlwP d ;'vL 5' v';L 5' /lx/xG5' lhGbuLe/ b'vL afFw 5]sL alu/xG5' lhGbuLe/ ofqf el/ ;w} ;fy x'G5' pgsf] s;d ;w}+ ;w}+ l;v/ r'D5' d pgsf] s;d w]/} ofb cfof] cfh kmf]6f] x]g{ ;lsPg 9';L nfUof kq lyof] t/ s]g} ;lsPg 30

tf/fk'~h

bLk]Gb| >]i7 …pbf;Ú

k'~h–( ;df{P/ uP plg kmsL{kmsL{ x]b{} ;klg kf] b]v5 ] ' lg l;/fgL kf] a]b{} ;DemLPy]+ cltt Tof] hjfgLsf] j]nf ePYof] s'g} lbg dgsf] 7'nf] d]nf o:t} o:t} x'G5 c/] lhGbuLsf] kf6f] glj/fO{ wfPF k}n] , plg lx8\g] jf6f] lgbfpg sf]N6] km]bf{ ofb Tof] cfp5 lgi7'/Lsf] tl:a/ dg} e/L 5fpF5 efUo km'6\of] sd{ n'6\of] dg} sfnf] x'Fbf s}n] dg eml:slbG5 cf}7+ L lrgf] 5'Fbf ;df{P/ uP plg kmsL{kmsL{ x]b{} ;klg kf] b]v5 ] ' lg l;/fgL kf] a]b{} 31

tf/fk'~h

bLk]Gb| >]i7 …pbf;Ú

k'~h–!) hg cfjfh bl/nf] 5 em]NnL gu/ g]tf lzv/ d} r9fO{ lbof}+ e'FO{ gem/ g]tf uf¥xf] x'G5 3'Dg] s'rL{ xNnfP/ vfg g]tf ;+ljwfg] /]vf tfgL l;df/]vf afg g]tf ef]lnkm]/L a]lrPnf sfnfkfgL h:tf 7fpF arfP/ /fv g]tf g]kfnsf] o:tf 7fpF ef]ln dw]; a]lrg] ;+st] nf} u/]sf] 5 C0fsf ef/L g]kfnL l;/dfyL k/]sf] 5 g]kfnLsf] dg b'vfpb} lxGbL af]N5f} g]tf /fi6« efiff e]if ;f/f gª\UofP/ vf]N5f} g]tf hg cfjfh bl/nf] 5 em]NnL gu/ g]tf lzv/ d} r9fO{ lbof} e'O{ gem/ g]tf 32

tf/fk'~h

kmOGb| tfdfª …clvnÚ

n]vs kl/ro

kmOGb| tfdfª …clvnÚ gfd hGd lzIff 7]ufgf k|sflzt s[lt

M M M M M

cfj4tf

M M M M M M M M M M

dftf lktf ;Dks{

kmOGb| tfdfª …clvnÚ @)$%.!).$ ut] :gfts lzv/k'/–*, au'jf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s /fli6«o:t/sf kqklqsfx?df ljleGg n]v/rgfx? k|sflzt ;+o'Qm kmfFrn;ª\u|x -tkfO{sf] xftdf_ l;Gw';ª\ud ;flxTo ;dfh -;=;lrj_, l;Gw'bk{0f å}dfl;s -;Dkfbg ;xof]uL_, g]kfn tfdfª ljBfyL{ 3]bª ;+3 lhNnf ;lrj ljxfgL ;flxlTos dfl;s ;Dkfbg, …pb\3f]ifÚ dfl;s ;Dkfbg, kmfFrnd08nL -;lqmo ;b:o, @)^%_ l;Gw'k|jfx ;fKtflxs -;+jfbbftf_ ;fsL{dfof tfdfª /Tgaxfb'/ tfdfª (*)#)*(#*!

33

tf/fk'~h

kmOGb| tfdfª …clvnÚ

Oltxf;s} klxnf] ljwf elgG5, dfG5]sf] hLjg b'Mv, ;'vsf] hd36 xf] . ToxL b'Mv;'vsf] hLjg ofqfsf] qmddf st} 7]l;G5, st} rf]6k6so'Qm eOG5 . ToxL hLjg leqsf] ufyf / ;'Gb/ wtL{leqsf] oyfy{tf g} ;flxTo xf] . d klg Pp6f ;flxTosf] kf/vL . x[boe/L efjgfx? pn]{/ cfpFYof] . s;}sf] kL8f, ;'v, hLjgofkgsf] tf}/ tl/sfnfO{ cfˆgf] n]vgLaf6 ptfy]{+, t/ cfh n]v]sf] l;h{gf ef]nL sxfF k'UYof], dnfO{ kQf] x'GgYof] . kmf]xf]/leq s'lxGYof], s'Rrf]n] a8f/]/ kmflnGYof] . w]/} sljtf n]v, km'6s/ syfx?, uhn, lgaGw, cem Pp6f pkGof; klg n]v] . k'/fgf ;[hgfx? uln;s] . b'O{aif{tfsfsf ;[h{gfx?

5g\ . h;nfO{ Gofo lbPsf] 5}g d}n] . d dfkmL dfU5' d]/f] /rgfx?;+u . hxf d]/f ljjztfx? n's]sf 5g\ . slxn]sfFxL t cf Û gn]v' h:tf] nfU5 . t/ gn]Vbf dgsf slt s'/fx? ;do;+u} lhjgsf] pT;fx / lg/fzf;+u} d/]/ hfFbf /x]5g\ cfh dgdf pAh]sf s'/fx? ef]lnsf] kl/a]zdf gpAhg] /x]5g\ . df6f]h:tf], wfg / ds}sf] df};dL v]tLh:tf], sxfF x'bf]/x]5 / Û dfG5]sf] dg .

ToxL qmdnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpb} clxn] oxfFx?;Dd ljNs'n gljg / Oltxf;s} klxnf] ljwfdf cfˆgf] s]xL cGt/s'gfsf] tTjx? cf]sn]sf] 5' . x[bosf] u'D;fj6nfO{ xfjf v'jfpg] r]i6f ub}{ l;Gw' ;flxTodf Pp6f km'Rr] cg'xf/sf] ?kdf em'Ns]sf] 5' . of] klxnf] dl:tisaf6 l;lh{t /rgf ePsf]n] s]nfpg] / ;'wfg]{ lhDdf oxfFx?sf] xftdf ;'lDkG5' . ;ª\u|xdf ;dfj]z x'g kfpFbf Hofb} xlif{t 5' . / ldq hLt]Gb| /l;sk|lt cGt/x[bob]vL cfef/ JoQm ub{5' . ;flxToaf6 ljrlnt dnfO{ s7fnf]df ;dft]/ kydf Nofpg' kqsf/ /d]z rfkfufFO{sf] d ;b}j C0fL 5' . ;flxTosf/ 8Da/ …/l;sÚ ef/tL, /d]z >]i7 u'? / /fwfs[i0f >]i7k|lt cfef/L 5', h;n] dnfO{ xf};nf k|bfg ug'{ eof] . cK7\of/f] kl/l:yltdf ;fy lbg'ePsf]df nf]s ufos xl/ yfkfdf cfef/ JoQm ub{5' . hLjgsf] s7f]/ kl/l:yltdf sltklg ljrlnt geOsg ;f/f b'Mvx? cfˆgf] sfFwdf af]sL x/]s If]qdf dnfO{ cuf8L a9\g] df}sf lbg'x'g] d]/L cfdfsf] C0f d ltg}{ ;lSbg . cGTodf, ljleGg If]qdf /x]/ ;b}a d]/f] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ug'{x'g] d]/f ;fyL, ;ª\uL, cu|h ;a}df of] k':ts ;dk{0f ug{ rfxfG5' . wGojfb . kmOGb| tfdfª …clvnÚ 34

tf/fk'~h

kmOGb| tfdfª …clvnÚ

k'~h–! d]/f] hLjg xf/ ef] d t d/]sf] ;f/ ef] nfvf}+ cfTdf hNbf klg cfk\mgf]kg 9Nbf klg cfkm}df d 3]l//x]F ljeT;tf x]l//x]F dfG5] lht]sf] 5 ToxfF dfG5] l/Q]sf] 5 ToxfF s7} Û Tof] ef]s} d/]sf] csf]n { ] d:tL u/]sf] nfrf/Lsf] hn lkPF / ldYof hLjg lhPF d]/f] hLjg xf/ ef] d t d/]sf] ;f/ ef] .

35

tf/fk'~h

kmOGb| tfdfª …clvnÚ

k'~h–@ sf]xL bf;L, sf]xL 7fn' lhGbuL h:tf] klg 7Ls}, cfn' lhGbuL t'Fjfnf]em}+ lIf0f, rf]nf lhGbuL cfkm} aluhfg], vf]nf lhGbuL s'dfn]sf] sfFrf], df6f] lhGbuL bf]wf/] ofqf, rf}af6f] lhGbuL ljZjf;;Fusf], 3ft lhGbuL e'OFdf v;]sf], kft lhGbuL rls{/+ fsf] cfnf], 3fp lhGbuL vfndf h'jfsf], bfp lhGbuL axlsg] r}t,] xfjf lhGbuL cf]bfgdflysf], tfjf lhGbuL sf]xL bf;L, sf]xL 7fn' lhGbuL h:tf] klg 7Ls}, cfn' lhGbuL 36

tf/fk'~h

kmOGb| tfdfª …clvnÚ

k'~h–# cfFvf;Fu cfFvf h'Wbf ;df{P/ lgx'l/g]n] d}n] b]sf] k"mn Tof] yfkL zL/sf l;pl/g]n] cf}; + L/ftdf rlDslbg] tL cfsfzsL h"gn] yfxf 5}g slt kf] dfof ul5{g\ dnfO{ pgn] ;kgL, ljklgdf pgL, 8fF8f / kfvfdf pgL df]gfln;feGbf sd 5}g d]/f] cfFvfdf pgL nfdf] s]z, zLn 5] pgL, ;fFRr} dfofsf] 5fn 5 ld7f] af]nL, d':sfg clg Sof lxF8fOsf] rfn 5 b]Vg] hlt, ;'Gg] hlt ;a}hgf nf} b+u k?g\ lk/tLsf] b'lgofFdf xfd|f] dfof nf} /Ë e?g\ cGwf k|d] L–k|l] dsfn] xfdLaf6 g} kf7 l;s"\g\ ?jfpg] /Ltb]lv cfh}af6 g} xft lems"g\ cfFvf;Fu cfFvf h'Wbf ;df{P/ lgx'l/g]n] d}n] b]sf] k"mn Tof] yfkL zL/df l;pl/g]n] 37

tf/fk'~h

kmOGb| tfdfª …clvnÚ

k'~h–$ l5, lhGbuL ;don] df/]sf] dfG5] y'Ss, d t uwf;Fu xf/]sf] dfG5] k}tfnfn] s'lNrFbf d hd]sf] dfG5] ls6f0f'sf] a:tLleq /d]sf] dfG5] s's/' lhpFbf] 5, d afFrs ] f] dfG5] ‰ofpFls/Lsf] uLtdf gfr]sf] dfG5] eTs]/ Psflt/ d, p:s]sf] dfG5] bfp dfbf{ d r'sn ' k'm:s]sf] dfG5] sfun] sfg nUof], d bf}l8g] dfG5] ljnfl;tfsf] £ofDkf]df kf}l8g] dfG5] b}j eGb} b'i6nfO{ d 9f]Ug] dfG5] dfgjtf wg;Fu d hf]Vg] dfG5] :jfy{tfsf] aN5Ldf d cNem]sf] dfG5] d'6s ' f] 3fp ;xg kN6]sf] dfG5] c? r';L afFRg] Tof], plkofF ef] dfG5] vl/b–laqmL ldNg], ?lkofF ef] dfG5] l5, lhGbuL, ;don] df/]sf] dfG5] y'Ss, d t uwf;Fu xf/]sf] dfG5] 38

tf/fk'~h

kmOGb| tfdfª …clvnÚ

k'~h–% xfF;f] lbof} clnslt, cfF;' lbof] w]/} ltDnfO{ d bf]if lbGg, ulNt lyof] d]/} uGtJo g} g;f]r/] , ofqf d}n] yfn] kfs];L vfg] cf;df, 9'ªuf d}n] ufn] v';L lyof] lhGbuLdf, kf/ u/]+ d}n] cfkm}dfly a~r/f], k|xf/ u/]+{ d}n] dnfO{ b]sf] dfofF Tof], ;fFrf] x}g /}5 em'k8Ldf c6fpg] cfF6 5}g /}5 dfg], d}n] of] h'lgsf ltd}| lht eof] Joy{} afrf ug]{ Tof] k|d] sf] /Lt eof] k};f eP lsGg ldNg] h;L{ eof] dfof d]/f] nflu eL/sf] Tof] km;L{ eof] dfof xfF;f] lbof} clnslt, cfF;' lbof} w]/} ltDnfO{ d bf]if lbGg, ulNt lyof] d]/} 39

tf/fk'~h

kmOGb| tfdfª …clvnÚ

k'~h–^ cfdf Û d t ;lxb ePF lg/s'z + sf] bdgaf6 ;fdlGtsf] /fHo;Qf clg ;Ldf cltqmdgaf6 Cg} 5}g ghfp lk|o, lu§L s'6\g vf]nf 5]pm5]pm xfd|} eof] u}/L v]t, sfhL;fx'nfO{ lkmtf{ gb]pm ljb]zdf ghfp efO, >dsf] d"No kfpF5 ca 9ln;Sof] x}sdjfbL, b'vLsf] lbg cfp5 ca cfk\mg} 3/ hfp lbbL 3/ ca slxNo} km'6\g] 5}g legfh'n] hfF8 vfP/ ca ltdLnfO{ s'6\g] 5}g P Û blnt bfO 9'Ss x'g,' ca 3[0ff v]lkg' 5}g sf] ;fgf], sf] 7"nf] ofxfF, ca ltdLnfO{ x]lkg' 5}g w]/} efiff, wd{ g]kfnL, Pp6} dfnf ufF:g' 5 ofxfF sf] cfkmGt, sf] k/fO{ ef] Û Psfk;df xfF:g' 5 ofxfF cfdf Û d t ;lxb ePF, lg/+sz ' sf] bdgaf6 ;fdlGtsf] /fHo;Qf clg ;Ldf cltqmd0faf6 40

tf/fk'~h

kmOGb| tfdfª …clvnÚ

k'~h–& b'lgofFsf b'O6f cfFvf, Pp6f x'G5 dfG5] 9'ªufnfO{ k'H5g ofxfF, b]ptf x'G5 dfG5] cfkm} zq', cfkm} ldq, ;a} cfkm} x'G5 dfG5] b'Mv cfkm}, ;'v cfkm}, Joy{} To;} ?G5 dfG5] sf] xf] dflns < sf] xf] bf; < ;a} ;dfg x'G5 7"nf] ;fgf] eGg' t, dfG5]k|lt cdfg x'G5 hxfF km'N5 km'n, cflv/ e'FOdf emg{} k5{ lsg b]Vg] dfG5] leGg, kSs} xfdL dg}{ k5{ Ps}l5g dfq x'G5, zLth:t} x'G5 wg b'lgofFdf j'l4 7'nf], 1fgn] g} w'G5 dg ha x'G5 Ps} efj, tj 7"nf] zlQm x'G5 cflTdotf hxfF 5, TofxfF df6f]sf] elQm x'G5 b'lgofFsf b'O6f cfFvf, Pp6f x'G5 dfG5] 9'ªufnfO{ k'H5g\ oxfF, b]ptf x'G5 dfG5] hd36 å}dfl;sdf k|sflzt 41

tf/fk'~h

kmOGb| tfdfª …clvnÚ

k'~h–* ;f/f b'lgofF cfk\mg} em}+ nfUg], j}z + j]OdfgL dfG5]sf] dg abnLlbg], k};f j]OdfgL ;fpg] e]nem} pln{lbg], lk|tL j]OdfgL ;fOgf] hf]8\b} 6'6fpg] Tof], l/tL j]OdfgL cw/ d':sfg 5f]8Llbg], cf]7 j]OdfgL kl5 d'6' rf]O6\ofOlbg], rf]6 j]OdfgL ljut p;nfO{ 5'g] of], xft j]OdfgL ;kgLdf lapFemfOlbg], /ft j]OdfgL ofb aNemfOlbg] uLtsf], efsf j]OdfgL Joy}{ cfFz' 5rlNsg] d]/f], cfFvf j]OdfgL cfFvfe/L cfpg] pgsf], xfF;f] j]OdfgL Pp6f ?dfn ;fydf 5, gf;f] j]OdfgL ;f/f b'lgofF cfk\mg} em} nfUg], j}z j]OdfgL dfG5]sf] dg abnLlbg], k};f j]OdfgL 42

tf/fk'~h

kmOGb| tfdfª …clvnÚ

k'~h–( d a9\5' c3L, d[To[;Fu 8/ 5}g d h'6\5,' p7\5' b'lgofsf] e/ 5}g >dsf] d"No, ;Hhgsf] efp 5}g b'MvLsf] lz/ n'sfpg] 7fpF 5}g dg]{ dl/G5, sfg'g stf 5 ofxfF < sfvf / kfvf, kz'sf] k|yf 5 ofxfF o;y{ d 5'§,} uLt ufp5' ca wtL{;Fu 5'§,} k|Lt nfp5' ca ljZj;fd' g]kfnsf] bk{0f 55'{ d]/f] df6f];Fu k|f0f ck{0f u5'{ d d/]/ s] ef] t < nfvf} afFRg ;s] lje]bsf] cGTo t d§L xfF:g ;s] d a9\5' c3L, d[To';Fu 8/ 5}g d h'6\5,' p75' b'lgofFsf] e/ 5}g 43

tf/fk'~h

alb|axfb'/ tfdfª …;+udÚ

n]vs kl/ro

ab|Laxfb'/ tfdfª gfd hGd lktf dftf 7]ufgf lzIff k]zf ;+nUgtf

M M M M M M

M M M M M M M k|sflzt s[lt M M

ab|Laxfb'/ tfdfª …;+udÚ @)$@÷!÷!) /Lkmn tfdfª ;fOFnL tfdfª gjnk'/–^, l;Gw'kfNrf]s Pd=P=÷aL=P8= -c+u|]hL ;flxTodf_ lqe'jg ljZjljBfno, sLlt{k'/ cWofkg ;+jfbbtf, lrGuf/L /fli6«o kflIfs ;Dkfbg ;xof]uL, l;Gw'bk{0f ;flxlTos å}dfl;s pkfWoIf, l;Gw'–;ª\ud ;flxTo ;dfh, gjnk'/ cfhLjg ;b:o, clj/n ;flxTo ;dfh, afF8]ufpF dxf;lrj, gjnk'/ ;fd'bflos ljsf; ;ldlt ;lrj, kmfFrnd08nL -@)^% x[bosf k"mnx? -@)^#_ –sljtf;ª\u|x tf/fk'~h -@)^%_ –;+o'Qm kmfFrn;ª\u|x tkfO{+sf] xftdf 44

tf/fk'~h

alb|axfb'/ tfdfª …;+udÚ

d}n] s]xL eGg' 5 dgf]efjgfnfO{ dfgljo pTk|]/0ffsf] >f]t dfGg ;lsG5 . hLjgsf] :kz{ / pkof]un] s'Ts'Tofpg / emSemSofpg s]xL u/f}+–u/f}+ , s]lx n]vf} –n]vf}+ ;Dd k'¥ofpFbf hGd ePsf] 5 Pp6f ;flxlTos ljwf kmfFrn . dgf]/~hgfTds kIf t 5Fb}5 ;flxTosf] ;fy ;fy}, ;fdflhs kl/j]z pGg ;kmn kmfFrn ljwfsf] Pp6f s[lt tf/fk'~hn] OltxfF; sf]g{ ;Sb5 . ;flxTosf] kFmf6df cfˆgf] k[ys klxrfg af]s]/ ;u/dfyf em}+ 7l8g ;kmn s[ltsf] ;'Gb/ gfd xf] tf/fk'~h . …tf/fk'~h of] cy{df klg ;flxlTos kmfF6df ;kmn x'g]5 ls of] ljNs'n gofF ljwfdf cfwfl/t 5 –kmfFrn ljwf . tf/fk'~h dfkm{t Pp6f ;flxTosf] k[ys ljwfnfO{ k:sg] df}sf kfpFbf xfdLn] clt g} uf}/jflGbt dx;'; u/]sf 5f}+ . To;f] t xfd|f] of] lg/Gt/ k|of;sf 8f]a ækmFfrn ljwfn] slxn] ;Dd lg/Gt/tf kfpg] eGg] eflj k':tfs} xftdf /xg] 5 . o4lk xfdLn] ;fd'lxs k|of; dfkm{t o; ljwfnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ;flxTok|]dLsf] x[bo leq yGsfpgsf] nflu eP klg tf/fk'~h nfO{ hGd lbPsf 5f}+ . xfdLnfO{ cf;f 5 oxfFx?n] xfd|f] pkxf/ ;xif{ l:jsfg'{ x'g]5 . ljz]if ul/ of] ;j{ljlbt} 5 ls ;+3if{ ljgf s'g} klg ;kmntf sf] kl/sNkgf ug{ ;lsGg . s}of}+ j}rfl/s 40b , nfvf} cGt/lqmof kZrft of] kmfFrn ljwfsf] hGd ePsf] 5 . dnhn xfn]/ x'sf{pg] a'af w]/} ePtf klg hGdfpg] cfdf hLt]Gb| >]i7 /l;s Ho" nfO{ wGojfb glbO/xg ;Sb}g . x'g t of] ækf]i6 df]8{g Æ ;dodf klg lgodsf] kl/lwleq s'lG7P/ ;[hgf ug'{ kbf{ ;|i6fx?nfO{ stf stf …Snfl;sn lkl/o8Ú sf] ;Demgf cfpg ;S5 , oBlk of] ljwf x]+unsf] efiffdf y]l;; / PlG6y]l;; sf] 6;n jf6 hGd]sf] l;Gy]l;; xf] . ;f]km]g cfj/n] eg]sf 5g\ – …dfG5] OR5f zlQm sf] bf; aGb5Æ dgel/sf OR5fsf cg]sf} tfgfjfgfsf lhjGt pkh xf] tf/fk'~h . ;flxTosf] OltxfF;df Pp6f pQ/fcfw'lgs xltof/ -postmodern weapon_ xf], kmfFrn ljwf . kmfFrnsf] k|xf/jf6 xfdLn] x/]s ;dfhdf ljBdfg ;s'gLsf b[irqmx?nfO{ tf]8\g] ofqfsf] ;'?jft u/]sf 5f}+ . ‘;Dk"0f{ ;flxTok|]dL / kf7sx?sf] ;fy / ;xof]u jf6 dfq gofF Oltxf; /Rg ;lsg] x'gfn] lg0f{onfO{ xfdLn] oxfF x?dfem ;'Dk]sf 5f}+ . Oltxf; ljutsf] ljZn]if0f xf] t/ To;n] eljiosf] uf]/]6f] tof/ u/]/ jt{dfgnfO{ ;d]t lglZrttf k|bfg ub{5 eGg] xfd|f] 7x/ 5 . ab|Laxfb'/ tfdfË gjnk'/ –^ l;Gw'kfNrf]s ;Dks{M (*)#)&&^)$ email: badrighan_123@yahoo.com

45

tf/fk'~h

alb|axfb'/ tfdfª …;+udÚ

k'~h–! t8\kfO t8\kfO g/fv 3fF6L d]/f] /]6L xfn dg'{ ca w]/} 5}g nf} ulNt d]/f] d]6L xfn vfgf glbO{ ef]sf] k]6 hNg gb]p dnfO{ cfuf]sf] Hjfnf ;l/ nKsf aNg gb]p dnfO{ u'lb ;a} nf} lemls ;Sof} d 5' ca af]qmf] dfq xfNg] s'/f nf} s]lx 5}g lsg yfKg] wf]qmf] dfq tof/ xf]pm s+zx? dg{ ca w]/} 5}g a}tgL{sf] Tof] vf]nfnfO{ tg{ ca w]/} 5}g t8\kfO t8\kfO g/fv 3fF6L d]/f] /]6L xfn dg'{ ca w]/} 5}g nf} ulNt d]/f] d]6L xfn 46

tf/fk'~h

alb|axfb'/ tfdfª …;+udÚ

k'~h–@ ;DemL ;DemL ?g' knf{ ;bf PSnf] x'g' knf{ km"ns } f] dfnf hLjg Vofn}df hfnf hLjg x/bd b'Mv afF8f}+ x/kn ;'v ;ftf}+ ;dfn]/ /fv ;fg' eujf0f efs ;fg' ;DemL ;DemL ?g' knf{ ;bf PSnf] x'g' knf{ 47

tf/fk'~h

alb|axfb'/ tfdfª …;+udÚ

k'~h–# dfG5] ltdL dfG5] g} xf] kz' ltdL xf]Og cgfo;} eml/lbg] cfF;' ltdL xf]Og dfG5] eP/ kz'n] em}+ vfG5f} 3fF; lsg chDa/L afFrL /fv g, 5f]8\5f} ;f; lsg kz' dfG5] alg;Sof] ltdL x'g] slxn] a'4sf] b]z of] cfh :ju{ 5'g] slxn] oxfF eGbf d;fg3f6 w]/} a]; xf]nf ;|i6f t dl/hfnf s[lt kSs} z]if xf]nf dfG5] ltdL dfG5] g} xf] kz' ltdL xf]Og cgfo;} eml/lbg] cfF;' ltdL xf]Og 48

tf/fk'~h

alb|axfb'/ tfdfª …;+udÚ

k'~h–$ gjnk'/nfO{ lrg ltdL cfbz{nfO{ emg lsg ltdL 1fgsf] ;fu/df 8'Ab} hfpm k|utLsf] lzv/ r'Db} hfpm emfl/lbg' 5 rkfpg] bfFt v;fnLlbg' b]vfpg] bfFt 9jfË aGg 5f]8 ca ltdLn] lhjg ofqf /f]h ca ltdLn] gjnk'/nfO{ lrg ltdL cfbz{nfO{ emg lsg ltdL 49

tf/fk'~h

alb|axfb'/ tfdfª …;+udÚ

k'~h–% nIodf k'Ug cufl8 a9 ;fyL ;kmntfsf] lzv/ r9 ;fyL cfFwL eP/ cufl8 a9\g' k5{ ;a}sf] lbn leq} nf} u8\g' k5{ u'l8 eP/ hLt dg ;a}sf] 1fgL dflg; g} xf] wg ;a}sf] slxNo} gyfSg] jf6f] klxNofp cfkm' hGd]sf] of] df6f] klxNofp nIodf k'Ug cufl8 a9 ;fyL ;kmntfsf] lzv/ r9 ;fyL 50

tf/fk'~h

alb|axfb'/ tfdfª …;+udÚ

k'~h–^ b]zsf] nflu afFRg kfpmF olx df6f]df gfRg kfpmF kx/fnfO{ kmf]/ ltdL cGofonfO{ tf]8 ltdL qmflGtsf] nf} lbk ;Nsfp sndsf] lgk ;Nsfp hlt ;S5 t aNg b]p olx df6f]df hNg b]p b]zsf] nflu afFRg kfpmF olx df6f]df gfRg kfpmF 51

tf/fk'~h

alb|axfb'/ tfdfª …;+udÚ

k'~h–& dfG5]x?sf] le8 jf6 cgfof;} x/fPF d cfkm\gf] gfsdf cfkm} 5f]O lsg cfh s/fPF d gfs ;fX|} b'Vb}Yof] d]/f] s] ef] elg 5f]PF d}n] s'jf af6 kfgL ;f/L w]/} k6s wf]PF d}n] ha s'jf b]v] d}n] gfs d]/f] dfTg yfNof] nf} s'jfsf] kfgL lkO gfs n] km]/L 5fTg yfNof] nf} s'jf dfly gfs gfRg] ;+;f/sf] /Lt /x]5 lhGbuLdf d]/f] xf/ b'lgofsf] lht /x]5 dfG5]x?sf] le8 jf6 cgfof;} x/fPF d cfkm\gf] gfsdf cfkm} 5f]O lsg cfh s/fPF d 52