Volume 2 Issue 26 by Tidbits of Niagara Region

1.How many hotels are operated on the Disneyland grounds, owned by Disney? 2.Name the only Disneyland ride to hang from the ceiling?

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“What youngster has not dreamed of flying with Peter Pan over moonlit London, or tumbling into Alice’s nonsensical Wonderland?” -- Walt Disney

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ICE SKATING

Since January is National Ice Skating Month, Tidbits is taking to the rink to bring you these details about the sport. • Folks in Finland are credited with the invention of ice skating more than 3,000 years ago when they strapped sharpened, flattened bones to the bottom of their feet. Skates with iron blades with sharp edges didn’t come along until the 13th century, originating in the Netherlands. • When James II of England was briefly exiled during the 17th century, upon his return, he brought the sport of ice skating to Great Britain, introducing it first to the upper class. Skating was quickly adopted by all classes. • The first organized ice skating club was founded in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1742. Those desiring admission to the club had to pass a performance exam, completing a figure eight, then a jump over three hats. • A British artillery lieutenant named Robert Jones published the first book of ice skating instructions, A Treatise on Skating, in 1772. Jones recommended the attachment of skates to the shoes with screws through the heels, rather than the prevalent method of straps and clips, which had to be repeatedly fastened when they fell off. • In 1848, a Pennsylvania inventor, E.V. Bushnell created an apparatus that clamped the blade turn the page for more!

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ICE SKATING (continued): to the bottom of boots, an improvement to the previous tie-on method. • American ballet dancer Jackson Haines is considered the father of modern figure skating. Prior to his influence, skating was a stiff, formal sport, which focused on tracing patterns on the ice. In the mid-1860s, Haines incorporated graceful dance moves and accompanying music into his programs, and taught the Viennese people to waltz on ice to their beloved waltzes. He created a shorter, curved skate blade made of two steel plates for easier turns, along with a toe pick for jumping movements. Haines was the originator of the sit spin, still in use in modern competition. • The term “figure skating” comes from the part of competition that requires a skater to trace perfect figures, such as figure 8’s, circles, and loops, on the ice. These “school figures” are skated on one foot at a time, three times on each foot. These compulsory figures were eliminated from the Winter Olympics in 1992. During the free style portion of Olympic competition, figure skaters are not allowed to use music with vocals – the music must be instrumental only. • Norwegian figure skater Sonja Henie was just 11 years old when she competed in her first Olympics at Chamonix, France, in 1924. Sonja finished last, but four years later, she was the gold medalist at St. Moritz, with two more wins in 1932 and 1936, with her performances taking place on outdoor rinks in the cold and wind. Sonja won ten straight World Championships, a record that has yet to be broken. After retiring from skating at age 23, she went on to become one of Hollywood’s highest-paid film stars. • The word “hockey” has its origins in the French language, from the word hocquet, meaning “stick.” Ice hockey as we know it originated (continued on next page)

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PAW’S CORNER By Sam Mazzotta

CAT RELATIONSHIP IS ALL ABOUT COMPROMISE DEAR PAW’S CORNER: Why do cats do what they do? Why do they tear ornaments off the Christmas tree, knock glasses off the coffee table, attack our shoelaces and knead their claws into our sweater? Is there any way to get mine to stop doing, like, all of these things? Sign me -- Frayed Sweater, and Nerves, in Toronto DEAR FRAYED: After years and years of studying this conundrum, I can honestly say most cats won’t respond to pleas, begging or even treats. Well, sometimes they’ll respond to treats. But they’ll go right back to doing what they enjoy most: destroying all that you love. I’m being (slightly) sarcastic, of course. Having a cat means making a few compromises in your life, particularly in the interior-decorating department. It means being more careful about setting expensive glassware on the countertop. It means a Christmas tree whose bottom third remains undecorated, or adorned with unbreakable, pet-safe ornaments. It means patiently retying your shoelaces after your cat has pounced on them. It means buying a new sweater every fall, or keeping your favorite ones in a drawer to wear on special occasions only. The tradeoff, however, is that you have a companion for many happy years. A cat kneading his or her claws on your sweater while curled up in your lap is an expression of contentment, an acknowledgment that you’re family. You don’t have to give up all the breakable things that you love in order to live with your cat, you just need to make a few concessions to keep both your cat and your glassware safe. Send your questions, tips or comments to ask pawscorner.com. (c) 2017 King Features Synd., Inc.

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ICE SKATING (continued): in Canada in 1875. The first organized game took place at Montreal’s Victoria Skating Rink, with many of the players McGill University students. Two years later, the first official hockey team, the McGill Hockey Club, made its debut, with several of its players writing the official rules. The rubber puck was also introduced, carved from a lacrosse ball. • During the 1890s, hockey spread to the United States, with competitions between notable university teams, including Yale and Johns Hopkins. By 1920, hockey was an Olympic sport, with the first matches for men in the 1920 Antwerp Games. • The oldest professional athletics prize in North America is hockey’s Stanley Cup. Lord Stanley of Preston, the Governor General of Canada, and his family loved the game of hockey and he desired to recognize the best team in Canada. In 1892, he purchased a silver bowl for use as a trophy, which was dubbed the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup. The name was later changed to the Stanley Cup. It was awarded for the first time in 1893 to the Montreal Hockey Club. Ironically, Lord Stanley never saw a Stanley Cup championship game, nor did he ever award the Cup to a team. That original Dominion Cup was awarded to the champions until 1970, and can now be seen in the Vault Room in Toronto’s Hockey Hall of Fame. • Speed skating didn’t get its start as a sport, but rather as a fast form of transportation across frozen bodies of water. It became an Olympic sport at the 1924 Winter Games. Only men were allowed to compete until 1932 at Lake Placid when women were allowed to skate. However, women’s speed skating wasn’t officially included in the Olympics until 1960. (continued on next page)

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KILROY WAS HRE Remember hearing “Kilroy was here”? Kilroy is a famous “doodle” seen during World War II. No one is sure exactly where it began, but in about 1939, the comic man looking over a fence while poking his nose and hands over it with the words “Kilroy was here” started to appear. The doodles were found in strange places where soldiers were stationed. The character may have been inspired by an earlier bit of graffiti used by Australians during World War I with the words “Foo was here.” He reappeared in the next war from 1941 to 1945. Kilroy graffiti was found in barracks, inside submarines, and, it is claimed, on the beaches at Normandy when the troops landed for the famous battle. “Kilroy was here,” with or without the doodle, still is part of American slang and has appeared in TV shows, movies and even songs in this century. The face over the fence has been made into inexpensive three-dimensional, carnival chalkware figures and even banks. A red plaster bank was one of several Kilroy pop-art items featured in a Hakes auction in 2016. It sold for $168.37, probably to someone who remembers seeing a Kilroy message years ago. ***

Q: I have several old one-cent prepaid

postcards that are unused. The “stamp” on the postcard is green and pictures Thomas Jefferson. Do these postcards have any value?

A: The postcards still can be used if you

add enough stamps to equal the current postcard rate, which is 34 cents. However, they are worth more than face value to a collector. One-cent postcards were made from 1916 to 1952, except for two years during World War I when the rate was raised to two cents and for the years 1925 to 1928. The one-cent postcard was made on different cardstocks. Some are more valuable than others, and there are other differences that affect prices, which range from about 25 cents to several thousand dollars. Most sell for under $1. Some of the rarest and most valuable postcards were printed on gray, rough-surfaced stock during a paper shortage in 1916. ***

PHOTO CUTLINE: It took only a little over $160 to buy this “Kilroy was here” bank. The 5-inch-high plaster bank was painted red. The bottom had the words “To open, cut hole in bottom.” It is a very rare souvenir of the Second World War. They were sold to printers for commercial use and weren’t available at the post office. Roughsurfaced postcards sold recently for over $1,700 to $2,400. The die was recut because the stamp didn’t make a good impression on the rough surface. Postcards stamped with Die II have sold for $18,500. A stamp dealer might be able to tell you what your postcards are worth.

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ICE SKATING (continued): • Speed skaters reach speeds of 30 mph (48 km/ hr) as they race around the oval track. Events are 500-, 100-, 1500-, 5000-, and 10,000-meters. • American Eric Heiden made Olympic history at the 1980 Lake Placid Games when he became the first person to win five gold medals in the same Games, winning all five speed skating events. Despite a near fall in the 1500-meter race, he still won by .37 second to take the gold. His sister won a bronze medal in speed skating the same year. • Frank Zamboni revolutionized the maintenance of ice rinks in 1949 when he introduced the first ice resurfacing machine, constructed from war surplus parts, which he named for himself. During a typical hockey game, the ice is resurfaced four times, with the Zamboni traveling about ¾ of a mile (1.2 km) each time, an average of 3 miles (4.83 km) per game. In 2001, a Zamboni was driven on a long-distance trip from Canada’s east coast to its west. The trip took about four months at about 9 mph (14.5 km/hr). • Ice that is two inches (5 cm) thick, will support the weight of a man. A four-inch (10 cm) thickness can tolerate a man on horseback. • The famous ice skating rink in New York City’s Rockefeller Center opened on Christmas Day, 1936. Today over a quarter million people skate there every year. In 1967, the world’s largest man-made outdoor ice rink was created in Japan. The Fujikyu Highland Promenade Rink has an area of 165,750 square feet, or about 3.8 acres.

*** TIP: Antique-cut diamonds (old mine-cut) are being made today. They are very similar to old diamonds, but if used as replacements in old jewelry, the new ones will be brighter. Sign up for our free weekly email, “Kovels Komments.” Terry Kovel writes about the latest news, tips, questions and her views of the market. If you register on our website, kovels.com, there is no charge. (c) 2017 King Features Synd., Inc.

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A Grain of Salt It’s all over the news now that eating a salad every day may help reduce cognitive decline and dementia in seniors. What’s worrisome is that the results of medical research sometimes are splashed in big headlines and that too many people automatically will assume it’s true. When it comes to understanding research, we need to dig deeper than just the headline. For example, how long did the study go on? In this case, it was five years. That’s good. The thinking skills of participants were tested every year. That’s also good. But was the research done in a controlled environment, such as how many salads did a participant actually eat? In this case, the information was self-reported in a questionnaire. In other words, it might not be true. And then there’s the bottom line. Did the researchers flatly state that eating salads helps? No, they did not. They said there was an “asso(continued on next page)

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A Grain of Salt continued ciation,” but they couldn’t rule out other possible reasons. Color me confused because an article quoting the same study author, basically saying the same thing, appeared back in 2015, and back then it was stated that it’s a mystery. In this column, I frequently point your attention to the results of research, but each time I advise you to talk to your doctor before you make any changes in your exercise or diet. And I’m doing so again: Before you add extra greens to your diet, consult your doctor, especially if you’re going to add large amounts of kale, lettuce or broccoli, or anything with vitamin K. Vitamin K affects blood clotting, and could cause problems for people already on drugs to decrease the amount of clotting. In short, beware. Just because you read it in the news doesn’t make it true ... or good for you personally. Ask your doctor. (c) 2017 King Features Synd., Inc. 1. Name the most visited theme park in all of Europe. 2. What part of Disneyland contains the “Big Thunder Mountain Railroad” and “Tom Sawyer Island”? 3. What is the name of the transportation system throughout Disneyland? 4. What ride beings in Space Port where guests board a rocket? 5. Where would a visitor find “Mr. Toad’s Wild Ride” and “Peter Pan’s Flight”?

“What youngster has not dreamed of flying with Peter Pan over moonlit London, or tumbling into Alice’s nonsensical Wonderland?” -- Walt Disney

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FOOD OF THE WEEK:

SUGAR

Sugar is sweet and so are these facts from Tidbits in commemoration of Sugar Awareness Week January 14 - 20. • That crystalline substance we call sugar comes mainly from the juice of the sugar cane and sugar beet plants. It’s believed that the people of New Guinea were the first to domesticate sugar cane around 8,000 BC. The cultivation spread to Southeast Asia, China, and India. Those in India were the first to refine cane juice into granulated crystals in about the year 350 AD. Their methods involved grinding or pounding the cane to obtain the juice, which was then boiled and dried in the sun until it became a crystalline solid resembling gravel. • During the 1500s, the cultivation of sugar cane spread to the West Indies and South America. While visiting the Canary Islands in 1493, Christopher Columbus happened upon sugar cane plants, and transported the seedlings toDid you hear about the family who got stuck the New World. By 1520, there were sugar on Peter Pan’s Flight for over 3 hours? mills in Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola. By Apparently, their vehicle would never1540, there were nearly 3,000 sugar mills in the never land. islands and South America. Today, Brazil is the world’s top sugar producer, with India a distant second. The United States ranks 9th in sugar production. • The white fleshy root of the sugar beet plant is rich in sucrose. Cultivation began in the mid18th century, and today sugar beets account for 30% of world sugar production. • Table sugar is derived from sucrose, the sugar found in sugar cane and beets. Naturally-occurring fructose is from fruits, and is 50% sweeter R LorObeet OT DO A N isWmilk’s M natuthan cane sugar. Lactose ral sweetener. (continued on next page) Home of “Mission to Mars,” “Space

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* On Jan. 17, 1953, a prototype Chevrolet Corvette sports car makes its debut at General Motors’ Motorama auto show. The Corvette was named for a fast type of naval warship.

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1. 2.

3 “Peter Pan’s Flight”

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* On Jan. 19, 1977, President Gerald Ford pardons Iva Toguri, one of the “Tokyo Rose” Japanese women who broadcast Axis propaganda over the radio to Allied troops during World War II. Toguri was a U.S. citizen who was trapped in Japan when war broke out.

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* On Jan. 18, 1778, English explorer Captain James Cook becomes the first European to discover the Hawaiian Islands when he sails past the island of Oahu. Two days later, he landed at Waimea on the island of Kauai and named the island chain the Sandwich Islands, in honor of the earl of Sandwich.

SUGAR (continued): • For those looking for a less refined sugar, turbinado sugar, also known as sugar-in-the-raw is produced by crushing sugar cane to extract the juice, which is then spun in a centrifuge, or turbine, producing large crystals. More of the natural impurities are left behind along with a bit of a molasses flavor. • During the process of processing cane or beets into granulated sugar, a thick, dark syrup remains behind as a leftover. It’s what we know as molasses, a substance rich in vitamins and minerals present in the plants. When you stir brown sugar into your cookie recipe, you’re using refined white sugar that has a bit of molasses added to it. • It’s the recommendation of the World Health Organization that adults derive less than 10% of their daily calorie intake from added sugar or natural sugar. That’s about 25 grams of sugar for a 2,000 calorie diet. How much is 25 grams? One gram of sugar is ¼ tsp, so that makes 6.25 tsp. for 25 grams. Now consider the fact that a 12-oz. can of regular cola has approximately 39 grams of sugar. Do the math – that’s 9 teaspoons of sugar in one can! Those who drink one or two sodas or other sugar-sweetened beverages such as sports drinks, energy drinks, fruit drinks, and juices, a day, increase their risk of Type 2 diabetes by 26% compared to those who drink just one a month. • The average American consumes 82 grams of sugar every day, about 19.5 teaspoons, which adds up to about 152 pounds (70 kg) sugar in a year. Optimum consumption for a healthy diet is recommended at 5% of daily calorie intake. * On Jan. 15, 1936, Edsel Ford, the son of auto industry pioneer Henry Ford, forms a philanthropic organization called the Ford Foundation with a donation of $25,000. The foundation was established in part as a legal way for the Ford family to avoid inheritance taxes.

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* On Jan. 21, 1855, John Moses Browning, sometimes called the “father of modern firearms,” is born in Ogden, Utah. When he was 24 years old, Browning received his first patent, for a rifle that Winchester manufactured as its Single Shot Model 1885. The rifle is still made today. * On Jan. 16, 1919, the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, prohibiting the sale of alcohol, is ratified and becomes the law. It failed to prevent the distribution of alcoholic beverages, however, and led to the rise of organized crime in America.

* On Jan. 20, 1987, British negotiator Terry Waite is captured by Shiite Muslims in Beirut while attempting to win freedom for Western hostages. He was not released for more than four years. (c) 2017 King Features Syndicate, Inc.

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• Home Senior Inspector Inspections • Business Inter N.A.C.H.I. Certified Inspections NY# 16000012150 • Mold THE “X” FACTOR (continued): Inspections 716.432.7423 • Do you suffer from xeroderma? • Radon Gas If you have abnormal dryness of the skin, this term applies Testing to you! gjmulrain@hotmail.com http://ableinspections.com • From the 16th to the 19th centuries, pirates on the Mediterranean Sea sailed a small threemasted vessel with square and triangular sails that enabled them to sail faster than their prospective victims. Depending on the size of the ship, known as a xebec, between 16 and 40 guns might be mounted on the vessel. • The word xenia has a variety of meanings. To the ancient Greeks, it was the concept of hospitality, generosity, and courtesy shown to those far from home. To the botanist, it’s the effect of pollen on a seed. And to those in Ohio, it’s the county seat of Greene County, a community about 21 miles (34 km) from Dayton. • Xystus is an architectural term, referring to a long, covered portico, or main entrance, of ancient Greek gymnasiums. Here, athletes would exercise during inclement weather. To the Romans, the xystus was the garden walkway in front of the porticoes, where they planted flower beds. • Physicians are familiar with two unusual “X” words, xyster and xiphisterna. The xyster is a surgical instrument used for scraping bones, while the xiphisterna refers to the cartilage at Solution on page 8 the lower end of the body’s sternum, that long flat bone located at the center of the chest. • The Greek word xanthos translates “yellow,” and several of our words use it for a prefix. Xanthophyll is a yellow pigment found along with cholorophyll in green plants. Plants with yellow stems are xanthopous. To those suffering from the abnormal vision condition known as xanthopsia, everything they see seems to have a yellow hue.

Did you know that January 11 is National Milk Day? Let’s drink up these facts on this beverage, which contains more natural nutrients than any other beverage. • Holstein dairy cattle have been bred selectively for increased milk production, and account for about 90% of America’s dairy cows. Other varieties include Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, and Jersey. There are about 47,000 licensed dairy farms across the U.S, producing about 21 billion gallons (17,485,000 British) every year. Nearly 99% of American households purchase milk. • Every cow produces about 90 glasses of milk a day, up to 350,000 glasses over the course of its lifetime. A farmer milking by hand can milk around six cows per hour, with about 345 squirts required to produce one gallon of milk. A milking machine enables the farmer to milk upwards of 100 cows per hour. • Lactose is composed of two simple sugars, glucose and galactose. About 40% of whole cow’s milk calories come from lactose. • What makes a person lactose intolerant and unable to consume dairy products? The small intestine contains an enzyme known as lactase, which breaks down milk’s natural sugar lactose so it can be absorbed into the bloodstream. 3rd Quarter 2016 Those people who don’t produce enough lactase , and the34 undigested lactose is broken up by Week bacteria in the large intestine, producing pain, August 14 -August 20 gas, bloating, nausea, and diarrhea. It’s estiPage 8 mated that one-third of Americans are lactose intolerant. • When milk stands for 12 to 24 hours, fresh milk separates into a high-fat cream layer on top of a low-fat milk layer. To accomplish this separation rapidly, a centrifugal cream separator can be used. Homogenization is the process that prevents the cream from separating out of the milk by pumping it through very narrow tubes at high pressure. (continued on next page)

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* If you’re redecorating, take this tip into consideration: To make a space feel more modern, mix metal accents -- for instance, brass hardware with stainless steel appliances! To make a room feel bigger, use a contrasting color on the trim wood to draw the eye up and down. Mirrors multiply light in any room, and open shelving is the ticket in a narrow space, rather than closed cabinets. * “If you have little kids and are ordering pizza, ask them to double cut the slices. Kids like to have many slices, and it doesn’t really matter how big they are. This way, there’s less waste.” -- T.Y. in New Hampshire * Keep squirrels away from a bird feeder by greasing the pole with car wax. Hanging by a rope? Not a problem. Thread the rope through a length of PVC pipe and wax that. Problem solved. * Hair looking faded and dull? Try brewing a cup of chamomile tea! Let it cool and use it to rinse your hair post-shampoo. Don’t rinse out. * “I buy a nice, but plain smelling lotion from the discount store because the price is great and it leaves my skin feeling soft. I dress it up with a few drops of perfume and essential oils. This saves me a ton of money, and I get it exactly how I like it!” -- F.E. in Kentucky * Keep a small microfiber cloth in the car. It’s super handy for wiping your eyeglasses off or the inside of your windshield if it gets foggy. * “Ice-cube trays come in many colors and can be used to tame your junk drawers. Just think, a dozen tiny compartments to sort any items you need.” -- W.A. in Mississippi Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803. (c) 2017 King Features Synd., Inc.

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