Volume 2 Issue 29

3. What is the name of the transportation system throughout Disneyland?

4. What ride beings in Space Port where guests board a rocket?

5. Where would a visitor find “Mr. Toad’s Wild Ride” and “Peter Pan’s Flight”?

1.How many hotels are operated on the Disneyland grounds, owned by Disney?

2.Name the only Disneyland ride to hang from the ceiling?

“What youngster has not dreamed of flying with Peter Pan over moonlit London, or tumbling into Alice’s nonsensical Wonderland?”

-- Walt Disney

A second California Disney theme park, California Adventure, opened in 2001 on the site that had functioned as Disneyland’s parking lot for over 40 years.

David Hasselhoff 7/17/52 Vin Diesel

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e-mail: tidbitsofniagararegion@gmail.com website: www.tidbitsofniagararegion.com

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Helium is the second lightest and second most abundant element in the observable universe, Saturday February 3rd at 10:00AM after hydrogen. Come along with Tidbits as we Preview 8AM Day Of Auction fill our balloons with helium facts!

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• In space, helium is created by nuclear fusion Niagara Cabinets 16+ Complete Kitchen Sets Standard or Dream layouts in Cherry, Oak, White, of hydrogen in stars. On Earth, it is created by Chocolate, Pewter, & Mocha finishes, then add the natural radioactive decay of heavy radio6 or 7 piece Granite countertops to finish active elements such as uranium. However, your cabinet upgrade! helium itself is not radioactive.

TILE: floor, wall, and backsplash designs • Helium is named for the Greek god of the FLOORING: hardwood and laminate, luxury vinyl Sun, Helios, because it was first discovered on RUGS: area, runners, shags, and accent\ the Sun when researchers used a prismatic specINTERIOR & EXTERIOR DOORS - selection of sizes and styles troscope to map the gasses of the Sun’s corona LOCKSETS- security, keyed entry, & passage during an eclipse in 1868. They discovered that Faucets- kitchen & bath; Toilets, sinks, bath fans PSY0243703_PROOF PM Page the5/18/17 Sun is 12:10 primarily made1 up of hydrogen, but Check perryauctions.com daily - more items added as the trucks arrive! they also found a yellow band in the spectrograph that indicated a mysterious unknown subAUCTIONEERS NOTE: stance. Some 27 years later, a geologist found We Will Be Running 2 Auctions at Once the same yellow color in a spectrograph he took Both Starting At 10:00AM- Get Here Early For Preview of radioactive rocks. Then researchers studying With Your Friends. Check Our Web Site: www.perryauctions.com for updated items & pictures the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius also encountered the yellow band in the gasses spewing from the www.perryauctions.com volcano. (continued on next page)

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Page 2

Tidbits® of Niagara Region

HELIUM (cont’d) • In 1903, the mayor of Dexter, Kansas was officiating at the dedication of a newly-drilled gas well. As per custom, he attempted to ignite the plume of gasses escaping from the drill hole to create a fiery torch, but the flame kept going out. The audience was disappointed, but the state geologist was intrigued. He collected samples of the gas, had it analyzed, and found that much of the gas was helium, which is nonflammable.

• The area around Kansas and the Texas Panhandle subsequently became the helium capital of the world, because helium is trapped underground there in abundant amounts, and is a byproduct of natural gas production. In 1928 helium became available on the open market for the first time.

• Helium is a noble gas, meaning it doesn’t react or combine with anything else. Other noble gasses are neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. Neon is the least reactive gas, while helium takes second place. Helium and neon are the only two natural elements that have never been observed bonding to another element in a compound.

• Helium is amazing because it’s so light, and it can get extremely cold without freezing.

• The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. Of all the known elements, helium has the lowest boiling point and also lowest melting point. It melts from solid into liquid at -458.0 degrees F (-272.2 degrees C.) and boils at -452.07 F (-268.93 C).

• Helium can be made solid at room temperature if the pressure rises to the equivalent of 114 thousand atmospheres, equal to 834 tons per square inch. This is over 100 times greater than the pressure at the ocean’s deepest point, the Challenger Deep, which is almost seven miles deep (10,916 meters). (continued next page)

When the small particles from photodegraded plastic bags get into the water, they are ingested by filter feeding marine animals.

Biotoxins like PCBs that are in the particles are then passed up the food chain, including up to humans.

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Tidbits® of Niagara Region

HELIUM (cont’d)

PAW’S CORNER

By Sam Mazzotta

PET HOSPICE CARE A GROWING OPTION DEAR PAW’S CORNER: A few months ago, I lost one of my cats, “Enos,” to a lengthy illness. He was a senior cat and had a number of issues, like diabetes, that caused him to go downhill fairly quickly. When it became apparent that he was only going to get worse, not better, his veterinarian suggested that we go ahead with euthanasia.

Enos wasn’t ready to go, however. He was tired and barely able to walk, but his eyes were still bright and he still responded to us.

I asked if there was any other way to ease his pain without putting him to sleep, and the veterinarian suggested hospice care specifically for pets.

This turned out to be a wonderful option.

The vet recommended another veterinarian who specialized in pet hospice. There was some additional expense and more time needed to properly care for Enos, but he lived like a king, largely free from pain, for almost six months before passing quietly. I highly recommend that owners of senior pets consider hospice as an option to euthanasia.

-- Carol in Boone, North Carolina DEAR CAROL: Condolences on the loss of Enos. It sounds as if you were able to extend his life comfortably thanks to hospice care.

This can be a good option for owners trying to cope with the impending loss of a pet, but it’s important to research hospice care and to pair with a veterinarian who is knowledgeable and experienced with this option. It requires much closer observation and care by the owner, and much more frequent treatment by the vet. Owners need to be prepared for the greater investment both time and money.

Send your questions, tips or comments to ask pawscorner.com. (c) 2017 King Features Synd., Inc.

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• When helium is cooled just a few degrees below its boiling point, it becomes a “superfluid” with about 1/8th the density of water. This superfluid flows without friction and against gravity, demonstrating remarkable properties: It can leak through cracks that are only a molecule wide. It can climb up and over the sides of dishes, defying gravity. If it’s in a container and the container is spun, it remains motionless.

• If you stir a cup of coffee, the coffee will stop swirling after a few minutes, because atoms are colliding with each other and slowing everything down. But if you swirl liquid helium and come back a million years later, it will still be swirling.

• Super-chilled liquid helium is used in MRI machines, in superconductors, in arc welding, in rocket fuel, and in the production of semiconductors.

• Helium is so light that once it enters Earth’s atmosphere, it keeps on floating upward until it escapes into space. But helium would be seeping out of the ground and heading into space even if it weren’t being sucked out of the ground by humans. There are many places where helium seeps through Earth’s crust, but there are only a few places where it is concentrated in dense underground pockets that are millions of years old. Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas have some of the most concentrated patches of helium. Qatar comes in second place.

The U.S. produces 75% of the world’s helium.

• The U.S. government maintains the country’s largest helium storage facility near Amarillo, Texas. The Federal Helium Reserve consists of a huge underground natural reservoir of helium called the Bush Dome, with pipelines leading to nearby refineries that produce helium for industrial purposes. This facility holds over 40% of the helium used annually in the U.S. • The Bureau of Land Management oversees this massive reserve of helium. A decision (continued on next page)

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Unscrambled on Page 8

Answers on page 8

1. What percent of the Sun’s mass is composed of helium?

2. The only element lighter than helium is hydrogen.

How much more buoyant is hydrogen?

3. Is helium present on the Moon?

4. The helium used in the average Macy’s Thanksgiving Parade would fill how many typical birthday balloons?

5. How many of the 76 crewmen on board the Navy’s helium-filled airship USS Akron were killed when it crashed off the coast of New Jersey during a thunderstorm in 1933?

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Page 3

Solution puzzle on page 8

ENDURANCE EXTENSION GLUTEALS HYDRATE INTENSITY ISOLATION ISOMETRIC MUSCLES OBLIQUES REPETITIONS RESISTANCE SETS SPOTTER TRAINER TRAINING WEIGHT WORKOUT

Page 4

Tidbits® of Niagara Region

For advertising rates call 716.807.7729

HELIUM (cont’d) to sell off large quantities of helium to raise money to pay off debts led to a collapse in the price of helium as the product flooded the market. This caused other helium manufacturers to cease marketing helium because there was no profit in it. That subsequently resulted in a helium shortage on the worldwide market, though there was never any actual shortage of helium.

Congress passed the Helium Stewardship Act in 2013. This allowed the BLM to sell helium at higher prices, preventing the government from undercutting private producers and encouraging more sources of helium production.

• Helium is used in scuba diving. About 75% of the atmosphere is made up of nitrogen, which humans inhale with every breath. At high pressures, such as underwater below around 100 feet (30 meters), dissolved nitrogen can quickly build up in body tissues and cause fatal decompression illness, or dangerous bouts of “nitrogen narcosis,” similar to sudden extreme drunkenness. To get around the problems of breathing nitrogen, technical and commercial divers who plunge to depths of up to 400 feet (122 m) or beyond use breathing mixtures like “heliox,” in which the fraction of nitrogen in the air has been replaced with helium, which is easily compressed and non-toxic.

• Why do you sound like Mickey Mouse when you inhale helium and then speak? It’s because when you talk, your vocal chords vibrate like guitar strings. The density of regular air makes the vocal chords vibrate at their regular speed.

But helium is lighter than air, so the vocal chords don’t have to work as hard to vibrate, and they actually vibrate faster, causing the voice to be pitched high and squeaky.

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Tidbits® of Niagara Region

Page 5

Fabulous Food

APPLES

Solution puzzle on page 8

So, Helium walks into a bar. The bartender says, “Sorry, we don’t serve noble gases here.” Helium doesnt react.

THE FIRST STEP TOWARD A SHINING FUTURE Full Day Sessions

• Early Childhood Curriculum • Health Screenings and Follow Up • Nutritious Meals and Snacks • Servicing Children w/disabilities • Employment Opportunities

• John’s parents came to America from Scotland and settled in the state of New York, where John was born in 1777. Later the entire family moved to Canada.

• When John grew up, he bought some land in Ontario and became a farmer. In 1811 he discovered a number of seedling apple trees growing wild while clearing brush one day.

• John transplanted them, but only one survived.

He tended the tree carefully and it yielded an abundance of crisp delicious fruit. John wanted to propagate the apples, but he was unable to get them to grow true from seed.

• Then John’s son Allan learned the art of grafting, which is how apple varieties are propagated. Allan was a traveling preacher and took apple seedlings with him wherever he went, handing them out to anyone who promised to tend them. He was a Canadian version of Johnny Appleseed.

• Allan’s son Harvey set up a commercial nursery, and thanks to him, thousands more apple trees spread throughout Canada and the rest of the world, becoming one of the world’s favorite types of apple.

• John farmed that piece of property until his death around 1845. The original apple tree survived until 1910, when it toppled over, and the site is now marked by a tombstone commemorating the beginning of a remarkable development in the apple industry.

• Today that apple cultivar accounts for more than 50 percent of the apples grown in Canada, and they all trace their lineage to the single tree that John found growing wild on his farm. The apple is known by John’s last name: McIntosh.

It is now the national apple of Canada, and is one of the fifteen most popular apple cultivars in the United States. (continued next page)

Now Accepting Applications for children ages 0-5 years old

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Answers on Page 8

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Did you hear about the family who got stuck on Peter Pan’s Flight for over 3 hours?

Page 6 Apparently, their vehicle would nevernever land.

Tidbits® of Niagara Region

The Village

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APPLES (cont’d) • Maria Sherwood married Thomas Smith in England in 1818, and they moved to Australia in 1838. The Australian government paid their passage under the provision they would work to feed the other colonists who were flocking to the new country.

• They bought 24 acres near Sydney and planted an orchard, a vineyard, and a garden. Maria did a lot of baking, specializing in fruit pies.

• One day a friend gave her a box of apples that had grown in Tasmania in order for her to turn them into pies. She threw the peelings and cores into her compost pile. Later she noticed a seedling growing from the compost heap, so she transplanted it.

• In 1868 Maria, who was by now an old woman, asked a local fruit grower to take a look at it because she’d never seen any tree like it. He confirmed it was a mutation. Maria tended it until she died at the age of 71.

• Fruit growers began to cultivate the apple, naming the hybrid after her. Whereas other apple cultivars struggled to survive in the region, this one thrived.

• In 1891 the fruit took the prize for the best cooking apple at the local horticultural show, and soon growers all over the world were planting it. Now it’s one of the world’s most popular varieties.

• It’s a pale green apple which is very tart and so firm that it withstands shipping long distances. The Beatles chose this variety as the symbol on their Apple Records label.

• It’s named after the woman who discovered it: Maria Ann Smith, better known as Granny Smith.

• The discovery of the Granny Smith apple is now celebrated annually with the Granny Smith Festival. All the Granny Smith apple trees grown today are clones from the original Smith tree in Sydney.

American football

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person in history – 22 Awards and 59 nominations

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According to Nielsen, 111.3 million people tuned in to watch the Super Bowl in early 2017.

Almost two-thirds of adults in the United States say they currently watch National Football League games.

But American football is no longer relegated to the boundaries of the United States, as it is becoming a global sport. According to the International Federation of American Football, there are 80 countries with organized federations governing the game. Plus, thousands of youth and adult leagues exist all over the world. Even though soccer has long been a global sport, it seems the other kind of “football” is quickly catching up.

The sport known as American football was borne out of the English sports of association football (soccer) and rugby. During the late 19th century, elite Northeastern colleges took up the sport, playing a soccer-type game with rules adopted from the London Football Association. Intercollegiate matches began to spring up at schools such as Rutgers, Princeton, Harvard, and McGill University. Rugby-type rules became preferential among players and spectators.

Walter Camp, known affectionately as the “Father of American Football,” transformed the (continued on next page)

For advertising rates call 716.807.7729

rugby-style game into the one that resembles American football today. Camp brought two key innovations to the game. The opening “scrummage” was eliminated, and a rule was introduced that required a team to give up the ball after failing to advance down the field a specific yardage. Camp also developed the quarterback position, lines of scrimmage and the scoring scale used in football today.

Early games were controversial because of the high rate of injury. Even President Theodore Roosevelt stepped in to ask collegiate teams to revise regulations to make the game less brutal. The committee overseeing the rules would later become known as the National Collegiate Athletic Association.

Thanks largely in part to the popularity of college football, professional football began to gain traction with the public. The American Professional Football Association was formed in 1920.

That“X” league would later become the THE FACTOR (continued): National Football League. The first televised • Do you suffer from xeroderma? If you have NFL game occurred in 1939. Eventually, abnormal dryness of the skin, this term applies American to you! football’s popularity would explode.

Cheerleaders were introduced to the game • From the 16th to the 19th centuries, pirates on in the 1960s. Currently, the Dallas Cowboy the Mediterranean Sea sailed a small threeCheerleaders are the most famous squad. Six masted vessel with square and triangular sails teams the NFLthem do not that inenabled to have sail cheerleaders: faster than their theprospective Chicago Bears, the Depending Cleveland Browns, theof victims. on the size Detroit Lions, the New York Giants, the Pittsthe ship, known as a xebec, between 16 and 40 burgh Steelers, the Green Bay Packers. guns might beand mounted on the vessel.

Football games typically around hours.

• The word xenia has a last variety of 3meanings.

Average attendance for an NFL game is 66,957 To the ancient Greeks, it was the concept of spectators. hospitality, generosity, and courtesy shown American hashome. become multibillionto those football far from To athe botanist, it’s dollar industry.

What developed on college the effect of pollen on a seed. And to those in Ohio, it’s county of Greene phenomCounty, campuses hasthe grown intoseat a worldwide a community about 21 miles (34 km) from enon.

Dayton.

• Xystus is an architectural term, referring to a long, covered portico, or main entrance, of ancient Greek gymnasiums. Here, athletes would exercise during inclement weather.

To the Romans, the xystus was the garden walkway in front of the porticoes, where they planted flower beds.

• Physicians are familiar with two unusual “X” words, xyster and xiphisterna. The xyster is a surgical instrument used for scraping bones, while the xiphisterna refers to the cartilage at the lower end of the body’s sternum, that long flat bone located at the center of the chest.

• The Greek word xanthos translates “yellow,” and several of our words use it for a prefix.

Xanthophyll is a yellow pigment found along with cholorophyll in green plants. Plants with yellow stems are xanthopous. To those suffering from the abnormal vision condition known as xanthopsia, everything they see seems to have a yellow hue.

Tidbits® of Niagara Region

Page 7

WAR SLANG • When speaking over a two-way radio, radio operators often need to spell things out. When using the alphabet, it can be difficult to tell the difference between similar-sounding letters such as “F” and “S” or “D” and “B.” In 1927, a radio lingo was adopted where words were substituted for letters to make communication clearer: Able for the letter A; Baker for B; Charlie for C. The letter R was represented by the word “Roger.” The letter “R” was also radio shorthand meaning “received.” When a pilot got instructions from the tower, he would say, “Roger” to indicate the message had been received. The phonetic alphabet was updated in 1957 and “Roger” as a stand-in for the letter “R” was replaced with “Romeo” but the word “Roger” by then had become such common parlance in aviation circles that the term stuck.

When it comes to “Roger Wilco” – well, “willco” is radio shorthand for “will comply.”

• George Baker was working as an illustrator for Disney when he was drafted during World War II. He was assigned to create animations for Signal Corps training films because of his artistic talent. On the side, Baker kept drawing humorous cartoons depicting the typical soldier in typical situations. Some of these were published in “Life” magazine, which brought him 3rd Quarter 2016 to the attention of the weekly Army magazine called Week “Yank.”

34The magazine hired Baker to do a regular cartoon strip for them. The strip August 14 -August 20 that Baker developed showed a luckless private 8 caught up in various misadnamed Page “Sad Sack” ventures. The strip became the magazine’s most popular feature because soldiers identified with the absurdities and humiliations of military life that Sad Sack dealt with. The comic strip led to a comic book, a radio show, and also a 1957 movie starring Jerry Lewis as the bumbling soldier. Today the term “sad sack” generally denotes any downtrodden or inept person (cont’d on next page)

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Solution puzzle on page 8

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WAR SLANG (cont’d) • During World War II, soldiers got fed up with the ridiculous government acronyms. To fight back, they made up some of their own. The most well-known is SNAFU, standing for “situation normal, all [fouled] up.” That spawned the similar but less popular “SUSFU” for “situation unchanged; still fouled up” as well as TARFU “totally and royally fouled up” and/or “things are really fouled up.” Then there’s also FUBAR, for “fouled up beyond all repair.”

• During World War II, Britain’s Royal Air Force began bombing Germany. The German army responded by positioning anti-aircraft guns, which they called “flier defense cannons.” The exact German words are “flieger abwehr kanone.” These guns shot fragmentation grenades into the sky that could be set to explode at a specific altitude. It wasn’t necessary to get a direct hit to cause damage. Once they determined the altitude of the incoming planes, they would shoot grenades directly in the path of the formation, filling the sky with shrapnel that could tear through a plane, slicing cables, lines, and pilots. British pilots began wearing shrapnel-proof jackets. The Germans positioned massive banks of these guns where they could protect armies, facilities, and cities.

By 1942 over 15,000 had been installed.

• The effect of these guns was devastating.

Bombers in tight formation couldn’t break away without crashing into the other planes.

Once committed to a bombing run, they could not deviate from their flight pattern. Rather than call these weapons by their full name of “flieger abwehr kanone” soldiers abbreviated the name to “flak” and the jackets worn as protection became known as “flak jackets.” Today “flak” has entered our language meaning criticism, opposition, or a hostile reaction.

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