News letter jan jun 2014

ISSN 2348-6287-01

January-June 2014

CWRDM Newsletter Centre for Water Resources Development and Management MAJOR RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS / CONSULTANCY Integrated Drainage Improvement Plan for Facilitating Sustainable Farming Activities in Veliyannur Chally Padasekharam (Paddy Fields), Kozhikode District.

damage during the non-monsoon periods. Due to the lack of operation and maintenance of the mechanical measures installed at Elamkunnathuthazha, currently it is not feasible to pump out the excess flood water during the crop periods, particularly during the 1st and 2nd crop seasons.

Veliyannur Chally Padasekharam in Kozhikode district has been abanded due to water logging and related problems.

Scientific investigations were carried out by CWRDM to identify the causes of water logging for proposing drainage improvement plan to facilitate sustainable crop production in the padasekharam.

The analysis of primary data generated from the field and the secondary data collected from various agencies reveals that the reduction in the flood holding capacity and obstruction in flood flows in the existing drainage system due to siltation, bank erosion, excessive growth of vegetation on channel banks and channels, etc, creates the water logged conditions in the Veliyannur Chally Padasekharam during the monsoon period. During most of the time period in monsoon, late May to November, the water level in the drainage outlet is below the water level in the Chittarippuzha river. Hence, the natural drainage of the catchment run off is not possible, creating water logged conditions in the padasekharam. The change in land use pattern in the upper catchment of Arikkulam watershed also aggravates the drainage problem in the study area.

Primary data on the status of the existing drainage channels, mainly its bed level and bank level at various sections, depth of water column both in drainage channel and paddy fields at various locations, condition of banks, etc, were generated through detailed field investigations and surveys using Total Station. The secondary data on soil characteristics, land use, cropping pattern, etc, were collected from various agencies.

The hydrological characteristics of the padasekharam has been analysed based on the rainfall and catchment characteristics.

Due to the lack of drainage in the Veliyannur Chally Padasekharam, rice cultivation in the 196 ha of paddy field is a highly risky task.. If there happens to be heavy summer

Veliyannur Chally Padasekharam forms a part of 32.64 sq km of Arikkulam watershed. The watershed has two drainage Channels. During the Virippu (May to August) and Mundakan (September to December) seasons, a major part of the paddy field waterlogged, making paddy cultivation impossible. During the Punja (January to May) season, if monsoon commences early in May or if there is plenty of summer showers, the whole crop nearing harvest will be damaged by water logging. Due to the improper maintenance and non operation of the salinity control bund at Ayanikkad and the VCB at Elamkunnathuthazha saline water propagates from Chittarippuzha into A view of Veliyannur Chally Padasekharam the padasekharam resulting in crop

Executive Director’s Message Greetings from CWRDM. It gives me immense pleasure and satisfaction to present this Newsletter of CWRDM for the period January- June, 2014. The Centre is constantly endeavouring to be a Centre of Excellence, catering to the Research and Development demands in all spheres of water management.

Its achievements in this regard have been duly recognized at National and International levels. The Centre has laudable work to its credit in its mandated areas viz., research, consultancy and extension, which has been presented in brief in this issue. The Centre is at present carrying out a total of about 60 research and consultancy projects.

CWRDM has been recognized as one of the active research partner with the International Institute of Applied System Analysis (IIASA), Austria. Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC) of Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India, has sanctioned a project entitled “The study on evaluation of soil nutrient budgets at field, farm and regional level in humid tropics of Kerala and Development of a model for management of soil health” as part of India-Austria collaborative project between TIFAC, IIASA & CWRDM. National Institute of Hydrology, Institute of Rural Management, Gujarat Institute of Development Research are the partner Institutions.

CWRDM is also involved in a National level multi-disciplinary team (MDT) consisting of National Institute of Hydrology, (NIH); Central Water & Power Research Station, (CWPRS); Central Water Commission, (CWC); CWRDM and Chair Professor, IIT Roorkee constituted, by the Ministry of Water Resources, Govt. of India, to examine the issue of decreasing flows in Pamba and Periyar Rivers of Kerala.

It was a very fruitful and successful period for CWRDM as a research centre. To start with, CWRDM successfully hosted the International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM-2014), during 19 to 21 February, 2014, in CWRDM campus, Kozhikode, in association with many National and International agencies.

All together 131 technical papers were presented, on diverse topics of IWRM apart from the invited lectures and key note address delivered by distinguished and learned researchers. The Symposium was well attended with over 280 delegates not just from different disciplines as IWRM demands, but also from different geographic locations across the Globe and thus providing a rich experience and knowledge sharing among the participants. All these technical papers have been brought out in 2 volumes, through Allied Publishers, New Delhi. Like-wise all the Invited and Key Note lectures have been published as a special volume through Excel Publishers, New Delhi.

Another highlight of the period was National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) accreditation under the aegis of Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, to the Water Quality Laboratory of CWRDM for the quality and technical competence of testing, and analytical service of our laboratory.

One more important development was the allotment of ISSN serial number to our CWRDM Newsletter, which gives our newsletter the recognition by automatic inclusion in the International Serials Directory Database with a serial number and bar coding, thereby giving international publicity for the newsletter, possibility for citation and retrieval of our newsletter with serials.

I would like to convey my hearty appreciation to all scientific, technical and administrative staff for their dedicated and enthusiastic work in taking this Institute forward. I hope this newsletter will be useful to all the stake holders associated with the water resources and allied sectors. I welcome suggestions and comments from our esteemed readers, which will be useful to us in carrying forward this journey.

With best wishes.

Dr. N B Narasimha Prasad

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

showers or early monsoon, the whole crop in the earhead stage will be lost. Adequate quantity of water is not made available in these padasekharam from Kuttyadi Irrigation Project. Hence, the paddy cultivation practiced here is reduced to a goss of 105 ha, that too at risk.

The study reveals that, with proper drainage system there is scope to increase the cultivated area both during second crop and third crop seasons. With scientific water management practices’ it is possible to greatly increase the productivity of rice further, which will make the region self sufficient in rice production. The integrated drainage improvement plan for facilitating sustainable farming activities in Veliyannur Chally Padasekharam consists of (i) improvement in the cross section of the existing drainage channel (ii) construction/ extension of the existing sub-drains (iii) repair works of the existing salinity control structures, Ayanikkad Bund and Elamkunnathuthazha VCB (iv) construction of two water diversion / storage structures (VCBs) and maintenance of the existing VCB’s (6nos), (v) installation of pumping system (240 HP) at Elamkunnathuthazha, and (vi) installation of pumping system (5HP) near the existing VCB’s (5nos) and (vii) conservation of the freshwater pool at the downstream side of Elamkunnathuthazha for the use during the crop season, particularly during the Punja season.

With the proposed interventions the annual cultivable area of paddy in Veliyannur Chally Padasekharam can be increased from 105 ha to 215 ha. This will result in an additional production of 385 tons of rice. Local level employment generation can also be achieved in this process.

Beneficiary participation during the implementation, operation and maintenance of the above intervention has to be ensured for the sustainability of this drainage project.

different reaction conditions were observed by UV–Vis spectroscopy. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used for the analysis of size of developed nanoparticles. The size ranged from 33.7nm- 81.7nm and 40.9nm- 69.4nm for iron NPs and copper NPs respectively. The presence of iron and copper was determined using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Antimicrobial activity of these nanoparticles was performed against human pathogenic bacteria E. coli. The results showed that copper nanoparticle was more effective than iron nanoparticle against E. Coli.

The antimicrobial activity of metal nanoparticles is due to the large surface area which ensures a broad range of reactions with bio-organics present on the cell surface.

Heavy metal concentrations in past few years have also reached to a promising toxic level due to consequences of anthropogenic activities and urbanization. The phytoremediation of metals is a cost-effective ‘green’ technology based on the use of metal-accumulating plants to remove toxic metals from water and soil. The efficiency of the phytoremediation system was enhanced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles and it was compared with simple phytoremediation system and a vitalizer (homeo a gro care medicines) applied phytoremediation system for the removal of heavy metals like lead, cadmium and copper. TiO nanoparticles were synthesized by simple precipitation method and characterized by SEM-EDX. Immobilized TiO Nanoparticles in semipermeable alginates beads were also applied to phytoremediation system. Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia molesta were the two aquatic plants selected for this study. Nano - TiO applied phytoremediation system exhibited 99% of cadmium removal by Eichhornia Crassipes and Salvinia Molesta. Complete removal of lead and copper was also observed. It was observed that a fast removal of heavy metals was takes place in nano - TiO applied phytoremediation system. Phytoremediation systems enhanced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles showed more tendency to translocate metals to its areal parts. Control plant and homeo agro care medicine applied plants were found to accumulate more metals in their root portion. Nano TiO applied plants exhibited an increase in the production chlorophyll compared to control. Nano - TiO applied also showed an increase in fresh weight after treatment compared to others. This may be due to the fact that the plant exposed to nano - TiO has the ability to improve light absorbance and promote the activity of Rubisco activase thus accelerate the growth of plants. Taking into account the overall results, the results indicate that, the nano - TiO applied phytoremediation technique seems to be promising technique in the treatment of heavy metals from water.

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Treatment of contaminated drinking water and industrial waste water using nanotechnology Nanotechnology has been applied for the purification of contaminated drinking water and industrial wastewater.

Development of reliable and eco-friendly process for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is an important step in the field of application of nanotechnology. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles using green resources is a simple, environmentally friendly, pollutant-free and low-cost approach. Use of biological materials such as plant extracts, plant biomass etc. could be an alternative to chemical and physical methods for the production of nanoparticles in an eco - friendly manner. The aqueous peel extract of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) was used to synthesis iron and copper nanoparticles in the present project. Studies were carried out using 5g of dried fruit waste to prepare the extract. Bio-waste extract of Pomegranate was used with ferric chloride and copper sulphate solution for the production of iron and copper nanoparticles, respectively.

Spectral analysis for the development of nanoparticles at

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Experiments were initiated to study the removal of heavy metals using functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles. Poly vinyl alcohol and gallic acid were used for functionalizing Fe O nanoparticles. Lead and cadmium are the two toxic metals selected in this study. Functionalization was determined by FTIR spectra and size by SEM technique.

The study is in progress.

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

Water Quality Monitoring Programme for Kerala State Kerala State Council for Science Technology and Environment is supporting CWRDM to monitor the water quality of the selected river basins of Kerala with best quality control and uniform format. Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Kozhikode had completed the monitoring of 28 river basins. Monitoring of 4 river basins is in various stages.

Five books on ‘Environmental Monitoring on Water Quality’ (2013, 2012, 2011, 2010 & 2009) have been published. In the first phase of the project, three river basins viz. Kabbini, Periyar and Neyyar were monitored and the technical report was brought out in 2009. In the second phase of the study, the water quality status of Karamana, Meenachil and Kadalundy river basins were reported. It is extended with Pamba, Chalakkudy Bharatpuzha, Ancharakandy-Thalassery –Mahi river basins in 2010.The water quality status of Chaliyar, Kallai, Achencoil and Kuttiyadi River basins was discussed in fourth phase of the technical report. . The fifth part of the report contained details on the water quality status of Valapattanam, Kallada, Keecheri-Puzhakkal and Chandragiri River basins. The monitoring network has been presently being expanded to the river basins such as Kariyamkode, Korapuzha, Vamanapuram, Muvattupuzha and Peruvamba. Water quality status of Kuppam, Karuvannur, Manimala, Kavvayi, Nileswar and Ramapuram river basins are depicted in the sixth part of the report. The available secondary data on water quality is being used along with the primary data generated through systematic water quality monitoring methods adopted in the present work.

The project also focuses on developing suitable water quality and biological indices for different water domains which could be utilized to identify the problem affected areas and to suggest necessary management action plans.

Biological indicators exhibit the degree of imbalance that has been caused while chemical methods demonstrate the concentration of pollutants responsible. Since biota can integrate the environmental effects of water chemistry, aquatic communities like phytoplankton reflects the average ecological condition and therefore may be used as indicators of water quality. In the above context, the biological monitoring was invariably included as a part of the project on Environmental Monitoring Programme on Water Quality.

The book (Part VI) on Environmental Monitoring Programme on Water Quality 2014 was released during World Environment Day Celebration on 5 June 2014. The book reports the details of the water quality status of Kuppam, Karuvannur, Manimala, Kavvayi, Nileswar and Ramapuram river basins.

Her Excellency Smt.Sheila Dikshit, Governor of Kerala releasing the book on Environmental Monitoring Programme on Water Quality-2014 at Thiruvananthapuram

A Study on the Persistence of Endosulphan and its Degradation by Biotic and Abiotic Factors The chlorinated cyclodiene insecticide endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9methano-2,3,4-benzo(e)dioxathiepin-3-oxide) has been used throughout the world to increase agricultural production. Endosulfan and its break down products are persistent in the environment with an estimated half-life of 9 months to 6 years. Bioremediation is emerging as the most ideal alternative technology for removing pollutants from the environment, restoring contaminated sites, and preventing further pollution. In the study, bacterial species for degrading pesticides was isolated from the soil collected from two different Agricultural farms located in Kozhikode district, Kerala where cultivation practices were going on for many years. The two isolates, Delftia tsuruhatensis and Bacillus thuringiensis were utilized for remediation of test solution containing mixed organochlorine pesticides. The degradation of selected organochlorine pesticides by single and mixed bacterial cultures were studied in aerobic conditions via batch experiments with an initial mixed organochlorine pesticide concentration of 100 µg/L. The degradation of organochlorine pesticides was tested using single bacterial cultures and mixed cultures which consisted of Delftia tsuruhatensis and Bacillus thuringiensis. Mixed bacterial culture was found to be more efficient and after two weeks of incubation, mixed bacterial culture was able to completely degrade the test solution of a mixture of

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

organochlorine pesticides. Uninoculated test solution was maintained as control in order to compare the difference in degradation of mixed organochlorine pesticides. In addition to direct inoculation of bacterial isolates to pesticide standards, soil experimental studies were also conducted to validate the efficiency of the method. After the extraction of organochlorine pesticides from the test solution and soil, their degradation by bacterial species was determined by monitoring the pesticide disappearance by gas chromatograph with electron capture detector. From the results it was found that mixed bacterial culture was very efficient for the removal of organochlorine pesticides from contaminated soil. Lindane, Aldrin and Endosulfan was found to be completely degraded within 14 days and Dieldrin and DDD within 21 days. In the control experiments Lindane, Aldrin, Dieldrin, DDD degraded only within 50 days and endosulfan was completely removed only within 90 days. In soil experimental studies using mixed culture the complete removal of pesticides happened within two weeks which proved that mixed culture can be utilized effectively for the degradation of organochlorine pesticides in contaminated soil.

column study. Optical density, total organic carbon and pesticide concentration were determined in the study. Freely suspended Pseudomonas fluorescens cells could degrade endosulfan efficiently within 12 days using it as a sole carbon and energy source, which was estimated quantitatively by gas chromatography electron capture detection method. The growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens cells was monitored by recording the optical density of the culture at wavelength of 610 nm for different time intervals of the study. Degradation of the endosulfan occurred concomitant with bacterial growth. The bacteria immobilized in Ca-alginate beads were tested for its ability to degrade endosulfan at different concentrations (350, 450 and 550 Âľg/L). Almost similar trends of degradation efficiencies were shown by the immobilized cells towards different concentrations of endosulfan. The complete removal of alpha and beta isomers of endosulfan at different initial endosulfan concentrations were observed between 9 and 11 days of experiment. Also, degradation rate in batch reactors with Ca-alginate immobilized cells was marginally higher than that of the free cells. Experiments carried out with the packed bed reactors of Ca-alginate immobilized cells, operated in a semi- continuous mode, could degrade toxic alpha and beta isomers of endosulfan (350Âľg/L) within 6 days, and thus the method proved effective for biodegradation of endosulfan. The metabolites formed indicated that the degradation of this pesticide follows a hydrolytic pathway.

Bacillus thuringiensis

Delftia tsuruhatensis Endosulfan degrading bacterial strain Pseudomonas fluorescens was isolated and degradation of endosulfan by freely suspended and Calcium-alginate entrapped bacterial cells was investigated in batch as well as in packed bed

SEM photomicrographs of Ca-alginate bead (a) and cell immobilized Ca-alginate bead (b).

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

Preparation of Management Action Plan for Kerala State Kavvayi is the third largest back waters present in Kerala spreading over 31.92 square kilometres, extending from Ezhimala to Neeleswaram of Kannur and Kasaragod districts. Geographically it is located between the

analysis of surface sediment samples collected from Kavvayi wetland systems indicated that all the samples except one were alkaline. The sample collected from Edayilakkad reported a pH of 3.01. Concentrations of chloride, sulphate, exchangeable sodium, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium were found to be higher in the sediment

Status of degree of contamination

Location map of the sediment sampling stations in the Kavvayi Wetland System coordinates: 75p 06’ 48" to 75p 15’ 40" E longitudes and 11p 59’ 52’ to 12p 14’ 36" N latitudes. The Kavvayi backwater is the result of five major rivers draining into it; Kariyankode, Kavvayi, Perumba, Ramapuram, and Nileswaram. The Kariyankode River originates from the eastern ghats of Kerala, all the other rivers originate from the lateritic hills of midlands.

A total number of ten surface sediment samples at a depth of 10 cm were collected from various sampling stations of Kavvayi wetland. The sampling locations of Kavvayi wetland are shown in Figure. The collected sediment samples were quickly packed in air tight polythene bottles and were dried as rapidly as possible. The air dried sediment was sieved through 2 mm sieve for the chemical analyses.

The sediment samples were subjected to various physicochemical, phosphorous fractionation, heavy metal, organo chlorine pesticides and texture analysis. Physico-chemical

samples. Texture analysis indicated that all the samples were sandy type. Heavy metal analysis of the sediment samples indicated the presence of iron, manganese, copper, lead, cadmium, nickel and zinc in the surface sediments.

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

Pesticide Analysis

As per USEPA sediment quality guideline, KV-6 (Ayittikadavu) is heavily polluted with lead, nickel and copper. Mixing Point of Kavvayi River in to lake (KV-2) was heavily polluted with nickel and lead. All the sediment samples except two stations (KV-9 and KVE-1) were found to be heavily contaminated with lead. The degree of contamination (C ) of three stations, KV-2 (mixing point of Kavvayi river into Lake), KV-6 (Ayittikadav), and KV11(Mixing Point of Nileswar River into Kavvayi Lake) was 22.02, 20.58 and 17.02 respectively which indicate considerable degree of contamination. Sampling stations KV-1, KV-13, KVVP-1 were found to be moderately contaminated. All other stations showed low degree of contamination. d

Major fraction of sedimentary inorganic phosphorous in surface sediment consisted of NaOH-P (Fe-bound and Albound phosphorous) where as HCl-P (Ca-bound phosphorous) constituted only a minor fraction. Higher concentration of organic phosphorous was also detected.

Phosphorous release was from Fe-bound, Al-bound and from organic fractions. Hence in Kavvayi Lake, there may be a considerable release of phosphorous from sediments into surface water.Selected sediment samples were collected and subjected to organo chlorine pesticide analysis Endo-alpha and Endo-beta was detected in sediment samples collected from all four stations of the Kavvayi Wetland System. The maximum values of Endoalpha (31.81µg/kg) and Endo-beta (36.39µg/kg) was detected in the sample KV-11 from the mixing point of Nileswar River into Lake. Here the beta-isomer was also found to be in higher concentration than the alpha-isomer.

Aldrin was detected in two samples, namely KVPB -1 (Area near Theeradhesa road, PerumbaRiver) and KVKY-1 (Mixing point of Kavvayi river into Lake) and was of below detection limit in samples, KV-12 (mixing point of Kariyankode River into Lake) and KV-11 (mixing point of Nileswar River into Lake). The maximum value for Aldrin was observed in sample KVPB-1 (7.484µg/kg). Various other components such as surface water hydrology, groundwater studies, bathymetry, biodiversity, socioeconomic aspects etc are also being investigated and reporting is in progress

E.coli on EMB Agar plate

Study on the use of bacteriophages as tracers for predicting the safe distance between the well water and contamination source in different soil environments The present work was undertaken to isolate and identify various bacterial species from the Canoli canal and the corresponding groundwater wells of Kozhikode district, to isolate E.coli specific bacteriophages from the canal w ater and to use these bacteriophages as tracers to calculate the safe distance between contamination source and wells in different soil types. As a part of the study the seasonal monitoring of the surface and groundwater wells were carried out and we were able to isolate 5 bacterial species including E.coli, Klebsiella, Vibrio, Salmonella and Bacillus sp. These organisms were also isolated from the well water sources near to the canal. Most of these organisms can pose serious health risks to both humans and animals. According to the study the highest count of bacteria was reported during pre monsoon and post monsoon seasons.

The isolated bacteria were further subjected to biochemical and phenotypic studies. The MALDI-TOF mass spectra analysis and the conventional biochemical tests were carried out and the organisms were confirmed in the species level The bacteriophages were isolated from the canal water by providing E.coli as the host bacteria. Two types of phages were isolated and the abundance of phages in the canal water was confirmed by epifluorescence microscopy. The phages were also spotted as clear zones and plaques on TSA agar plates.

As a part of the study, we also collected soil samples from three panchayaths of Kozhikode district namely Kunnamngalam, Kodiyathur and Chemmancheri and the soil characteristics were studied. Two texture classes of soil were obtained as sandy and loamy sand type. Both these soil types belong to the category of coastal soil. The soil samples were further subjected to transport studies using the purified phages as tracers. Subsequently vertical soil column studies

Salmonella typhi on BSA Agar plate

Vibrio cholerae on TCBS Agar plate

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

Plaque formation of on TSA Agar

Clear zone of lysis on TSA agar

Epifluorescence microscopic image of E.coli and its bacteriophage and horizontal soil tub studies were carried out and the results showed that, phages can move vertically 3.32m/day and horizontally 1.79m/day in sandy soil, and 1.96m/day vertically and 1.2m/day horizontally in loamy sand soil type.

It was observed that the velocity rate of phages in loamy sand was comparatively lesser than that of sandy soil.

The safe distance between contamination source and well water was determined using the soil permeability, porosity, hydraulic gradient and viral break through time.

Water use Efficiency Studies of Mangalam Irrigation Project Mangalam irrigation project having a command area of 3440 ha. spread over seven Panchayaths of Palakkad District is selected for the study. Physical system survey of the canal network and structures of the project, Agro socio economic survey among more than thousand (20 percent) of the stakeholders and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) at four locations in the command were conducted as part of the project. This socio-economic survey was done in a control area lying close to the command to know the pulse of the farmers who are not getting irrigation water from the canals.

A survey was also conducted among the officials working in the Mangalam Irrigation Project area, both Irrigation and

Agriculture department to know their perceptions about the operation/performance of the irrigation project. Water samples during rainy season and irrigation season were collected from selected wells in the study area for analysis in the laboratory. Water table observations were also taken from the observation wells in the command and control area to know the impact of irrigation water on water availability.

Flow/discharge measurements in different reaches of the canal network in both LBC and RBC were taken during two irrigation seasons using current meter to find out the conveyance loss and efficiency. Reservoir operation details and reservoir inflow-outflow data for the previous years were collected from the irrigation office to understand the storage efficiency of the project. A strong desire and felt need of the farmers is to increase the storage capacity and to remove the sediment deposited in the reservoir. Satellite imagery of the project area has been procured from the NRSA Data Centre to generate information on the current landuse and changes taken place in land use/ land cover over the years, especially in the case of paddy. Analysis of field data and questionnaires of agro-socio-economic survey collected is in progress for the final report preparation. The progress of the project has been presented before the R&D Review Committee and the second installment of budget is awaited from the funding agency.

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Demonstration of Precision Farming in Poly House The main objectives of the project are to serve as a pilot demonstration for farmers and to popularize the importance of protected precision farming in producing more crop per drop of water and per unit of energy consumed. It also aims to educate officers, farmers and others visiting the poly house and thereby to bridge the knowledge gap on precision farming. Farmers/individuals from various surrounding panchayaths have visited the poly house and had an exposure on poly house precision farming. Some of them have expressed their desire and even started setting up poly houses in their own lands.

labour cost was reduced from 7 man hours/ week to 1 man hour/ week. Fall of fronds and tender coconuts was also comparatively low in the micro sprinkler irrigated plots.

During the period, a crop on chilly has been raised in the poly house. In addition to this, horned melon (Cucumis metuliferous), a cucurbitaceous vine which produces fruits rich in vitamins and minerals was also raised on an experimental basis, which has performed well in the poly house.

Peacock feather sprinkler irrigation in operation

Bed preparation for the next crop has been completed. This time, a variety of crops such as tomato, marrow, salad cucumber, Indian palak, Chinees palak, brinjal and lettuce were selected to cultivate in the controlled condition. The seedlings of these crops were planted.

iii) Fish in water harvesting tank The demonstration is in progress. Observations are being collected from the farmer’s experimental plots at Wayanad, Karanthur, Vettom, Tirur and samples are being analysed.

Fertigation trials are in progress in the campus.

Validation of the Farmer Participatory Action Research on Precision Farming and Micro Irrigation

Isotope and hydrochemical Mapping of Two River Basins in Kerala and an Island in Lakshadweep

i) Micro irrigation for intercrops in rubber plantations.

Amorphophallus, Colocasia and banana were taken as intercrops in the rubber plantation in farmers’ field, where the rubber trees are two years old. Water from a spring source was collected in the polyethylene lined tanks from which micro irrigation (drip) was given to the intercrops by the force of gravity.

The investigation mainly focuses to study the stable isotope variations in atmospheric moisture, rain, river and well water in the two river basins in Kerala and one island in

A spring fed plastic lined pond constructed under FPARP in a farmers’ field ii) Peacock feather sprinkler irrigation in farmers fields This irrigation method by which water was given to the Coconut trees was found very useful. The soil temperature at different soil depths was reduced by 0.5ºC to 1ºC. The

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side ionic concentration was found to increase and is highest where the width of the island is only a few meters. The isotopic composition of the rainwater samples were plotted to determine the local meteoric water line for the Lakshadweep Islands for the first time. The regression parameters were almost same as that of the global meteoric water line, pointing to the oceanic origin of the air mass which has been evaporated from the sea surface at the relative humidity of around 85% and average temperature of 25 C. The groundwater samples were showing influence of saline water as the slope and intercept values are distinctly different from that of LMWL.Signals of evaporation were evident from the regression parameters of the groundwater samples.

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Lakshadweep on a seasonal basis to understand the monsoon origin and formation conditions. Rain water, groundwater and lagoon samples from the Kavaratti Island of Lakshadweep were analyzed for the chemical and isotopic composition. Marked seasonal variation was noticed in the ionic interaction in groundwater as evidenced by the Gibb’s plots. Freshwater ionic composition was recorded by the samples in the north east part of the island. It is in this part that the island has maximum width also. Towards the southern

Investigation of Nutrient fluxes and Organic Dynamics in a Mangrove Ecosystem of Northern Kerala The main objectives of the study are to assess the inorganic and organic nutrient fluxes across the Kadalundi mangrove and estuary, to evaluate the organic carbon dynamics through stable isotope systematics and to establish the potential of mangrove system in controlling the ecological sustenance of the estuarine and adjacent coastal environments. Inorganic nutrient compounds were

Distribution of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the Kadalundi River, mangrove and estuary (except silica)

Distribution of labile sedimentary inorganic nutrients in the Kadalundi mangroves

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characterized in the water and sediment samples of the Kadalundi River, mangrove and estuary. Dissolved silica was found to be in highest concentration in all samples among the nutrients. The proportion of NH -N was found to be higher in the mangrove water than the river and estuary indicating the redox conditions prevailing there. In contrast to the water samples, NH -N was recorded highest among the labile nutrients. Even though the sample locations were adjacent, nutrient distribution in the mangrove sediments was different reflecting the extent of mineralization .

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Study on Stable and Radio Nuclides and Associated Metal Chemistry of Groundwater along Kollam Coast The coastal area of Kollam district is known for the placer deposits containing many radioactive elements. Large scale extraction of rare earth elements is carried out by the IRE and KMML for years exposing the monazite sand deposits.

The present study hence focuses to assess the background radiation in the groundwater sources of the area. Along with the radio activity measurements, water quality parameters

are also analyzed to verify the effect of mining on water resources. Samples were collected from the open dug wells as well as from bore wells and the hydrochemistry were determined. Except for pH, which often falls below the required level of 6.5, all other water quality parameters were found to be within the desirable limits according to the drinking water quality standard of BIS. Ca/Na and HCO are the dominant cation and anion in the area. Cl/SO was found to occur in almost equal proportions in the coastal aquifers.

Chemical facies analysis showed that a few wells are showing influence of saline water, while majority are either Ca- HCO type or mixed type. Multivariate statistical analysis could also separate the samples into two; as with saline and fresh water dominant.

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Study in the characteristics of the driving beach at Muzhuppilangad, Kerala Investigations revealed that the beach sediments are uniform graded throughout the depth (about 1m) and across the beach (about 150 m). The beach sediment falls in fine sand classifiction and the particle size varies from 0.1mm to 0.25mm. The energy required to extract the core sample is related to the water content.

The energy increase to the maximum value at the optimum water content and then decreases; the relationship is similar to the modified Procter compaction curve for the soil.

Distribution of major anions in the groundwater of Kollam district

During monsoon (September) of 2013 a portion of beach is completely eroded and the foreshore slope of this portion is altered significantly.

Rebuilding of beach at the eroded portion during calm period indicated that initial phase of rebuilding is quite different from the second phase. In the second stage the beach slope and sediment size at the eroded portion are identical to that of the other part whereas it is steeper and bigger for the initial stage of the beach rebuilding.

Salinity Propagation and Mixing Characteri-stics of K u p p a m - Va l a p a t t a n a m River

Distribution of major cations in the groundwater of Kollam district

This investigates the temporal and spatial variation of the salinity wedge along the both KuppamValapattanam River. The effect of tidal range on the temporal and spatial variation of the salinity wedge will also be studied.

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

Salinity intrusion in to the rivers depends on many factors, tidal height, upland flow, conditions at the mouth and river bed are some of the factors. This project evaluates the salinity propagation along the river for different conditions for the above factors. Requirement of upland flow to limit the salinity to different levels will also be evaluated

of the Left Bank Canal of Kuttiyadi Irrigation Project. ie Kakkodi Branch Canal. For deriving the performance indicators Kakkodi Branch Canal was divided into three sections namely head, mid and tail. Figures show the Kuttiyadi command area with canal network and the Kakkodi Branch Canal and distributaries. Conveyance loss has been estimated for Kakkodi branch canal and 7 distributaries. In each stretch, six types of floor lining were Simultaneous measurement of the tide and salinity is considered; new cement concrete (cc) lining, old cement conducted at five stations each in Valapattanam and concrete lining, damaged cement concrete lining, random Kuppam rivers; distance covered along both rivers at 35 km rubble masonry lining, plastering over random rubble lining from the mouth. Measurements are taken upstream of the and unlined sections. Current meters were used to find out confluence of Sreekandapuram tributary with the velocity. From the analysis, it was found out that Valapattanam rivers; measurements locations are conveyance loss varies from 0.6-4.6 % for new cc lining, respectively at 8kms and 4 kms in Sreekandapuram 0.3-15.0 % for old cc lining, 1.8-28.0 % for damaged cc tributary and Valapattanam river. Measurement indicates lining, 5.8-17.0 % for random rubble masonry lining, 0.8that a tidal range does not undergo appreciable reduction 14.0 % for plastering over random rubble lining and 1.2along the river coarse upto 35 kms. Salinity in Kuppam river 26.0 % for unlined. The system immediately needs remedial is high (6.4 ppt) at 35 km upstream. Upstream stations in measures and maintenance works. A socio economic survey, Valappattanam show a salinity 0.42 ppt against 4.5 ppt in based on a questionnaire having 30 titles dealing with Sreekandapuram river which indicates that the presence of general information, land holding details, crop details, appreciable upland flow in Valapattanam river than in irrigation, marketing, labours, farming equipments, land Sreekandapuram tributary. management, existing difficulties and remedial measures, has been conducted among 24 Water Users Associations. In order to estimate the irrigation demand in the command, Benchmarking of Kuttiyadi Irrigation Project reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) has been derived using CROPWAT software. Various indicators to assess the Main objectives of the project are to assess the system system performance, agricultural productivity and financial performance, agricultural productivity, financial and aspects were derived for head, mid and tail sections environmental aspects of Kuttiyadi irrigation project separately. It is found that field application efficiency is following the standard indicators published by Ministry of nearly perfect in middle section of the command area.

Water Resources, for further improving the system. During Agricultural sustainability is also achieved in middle the period under report, physical survey using Global section. From financial point of view, tail section costs are Poisoning System (GPS) was carried out for the main branch more compared to others. The agricultural productivity fluctuations exist due to various reasons in all the three sections. By comparing the performance indicators with the other efficient irrigation system, it is possible not only to improve the water use efficiency and financial viability of the system but also ensure adoption of best management practices and the environmental sustainability in the irrigated agricultural systems.

Kuttiyadi command area with canal network Kakkodi Branch Canal and distributaries

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

House boat survey

Assessment of Impact of Inland Vessels on the Water Quality in Vembanad Lake

boats to assess its quality. The samples were subjected to analyse for various physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics.

The main objectives of the study are to assess the impact of inland vessels on the water quality of Vembanad lake and thereby prepare an action plan suggesting remedial measures to mitigate water pollution.

To assess the social perception of the local people a survey was conducted among the public. A total number of 347 houses were surveyed. The survey showed that the house boat tourism, helped in increasing the employment opportunity for the local people, an increase in the property value and rental costs, etc. Also people are of the opinion that the number of house boats in Vembanad lake are in excess and spoils the beauty of the lake and neighbouring environment.

In Kerala, backwater tourism is one of the most important tourism activity which contributes major share in the tourism industry. Alappuzha, the ‘Venice of East’ is an important backwater destination in Kerala attracting several foreign tourists every year. Vembanad Lake, an important tourist destination in Kerala which is famous for houseboat tourism, is now on the path of degradation due to increased tourism related activities.

This study is the outcome of the investigations carried out in Vembanad lake regarding water quality, recreational carrying capacity of the lake and the questionnaire survey conducted among the local public, boat owners, crew and the perceptions of the tourists visiting the area. This report explains the current status of the tourism activities in Vembanad lake and the mitigate measures to be adopted to maintain the environmental quality of the Vembanad lake ecosystem.

A survey was conducted among the houseboats plying in Vembanad lake; 208 house boats were covered in the survey. The survey revealed that 25% of the houseboats plying in Vembanad lake were unregistered. It is also understood that 34% of the house boats are discharging the sewage directly into the lake and 10% of the house boats are disposing the solid wastes to the lake directly. The survey revealed that on an average each house boat covers a distance of 35 km to 40 km within a time span of 5 hours.

Most of the houseboats are having common halting points in the channels and along the bank of the lake which leads to congestion.

As a part of this study in order to assess the impact of inland vessels in the quality of water in Vembanad lake and navigation channels, water samples from 20 stations were collected and analysed to detect the various physicochemical and bacteriological quality of the water. Water samples were collected from the lake and the channels during two seasons, pre-monsoon and post-monsoon representing the closure and opening of the shutters of the salt water exclusion barrage. Samples were also collected from the exhaust of the in board engine of selected house

The study on the recreational carrying capacity of the lake reveals that the recreational carrying capacity of the lake has been exceeded and hence further permission for recreational boats may be restricted. Also it shows that the boats are spending considerable amount of time within the channels.

In order to maintain the environmental quality of the lake, the boating activities within the channels may be reduced and shifted to the lake area. The study also recommends that the facilities provided for the treatment and disposal of liquid and solid wastes has to be improved.

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

Rapid EIA Due To Manual Dredging of Sand from the Port Limits of Munambam/ Kodungallur Main objectives of the study are the rapid environmental impact assessment of manual dredging of sand from the port limits of Munambam/ Kodungallur and to suggest remedial measures to mitigate the probable impacts due to manual dredging of sand from the port limits.

from these runoff plots of was high and it ranged between 0.13 to 139 t ha depending on the rainfall events. The results indicated that 125 % of recommended dose of NPK fertilizers recorded the highest yield of 18.78 t ha and this treatment significantly improved the tuber yield, when compared to the other treatments. Mean quantity of soil loss in relation to the rainfall results revealed that the quantity of soil loss was high under high rainfall event and was low in the case of low rainfall events. The correlation was significant with the r value of 0.90 and R value of 0.81.

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A socio-economic survey is conducted as a part of this the study focusing on details such as education, occupation, water quality, public facilities, tourism and recreation, fish availability, personal opinion of people about dredging etc.

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2

For regional level studies, Palakkad district has been chosen and initiated the process for regional level data collection.

19 farms have been selected in 8 Agro ecological units covering marginal, small, medium and large farmers with crops like paddy, coconut, banana, arecanut, orange, coffee, Majority of people covered under the survey highlighted vegetables etc. The important features of the farms under bank erosion, reduction in flora and fauna, traffic problem, study, such as fields, crops, animals, compost pits, pollution etc. are problems associated with the manual household composition etc., farmers of the selected farms / dredging. Enforcement of the controlled manual dredging fields was conducted through survey questionnaire and all associated activities along with proper river banks developed for this purpose. To track the flows between the protection is remedial measure suggested by the identified features over time, the material flows within the participants. However a few participants getting economic farm are being monitored regularly (period of 4 months benefit supported manual dredging. interval). Detailed information on inputs to crops, feeding of livestock, crop yields, use of animal manure, reModeling of Soil Nutrient Assessment utilization of crop residues, irrigation source and duration and labour investment in individual activities was collected Program: Developing a Decision Support from all the farms using the questionnaire. Initial soil System for Sustenance of soil fertility in humid samples are collected in two different depth i.e., from tropics of Kerala surface and subsurface area and are processed for the estimation of N, P, K, O.C, pH, EC. Plant samples are also The project aims to quantify the nutrient inflows and collected from these 19 farms and were processed for the outflows in different cropping systems at different spatial estimation of N, P and K. The result revealed that the scales in Kerala soils and to monitor the nutrient balance and majority of farms were low or medium in N and K. Soil budgeting at available N is under different spatial medium level in 1 scales in Kerala f a r m a nd the soils. Initially the remaining 18 farms nutrient balance are under low level. was calculated for Soil available K the crop Brinjal was high in 3 farms, using NUTMONmedium in 7 farms Toolbox model. and low in K. In the The quantified case of P, 9 farms nutrient balance for recorded high, 7 Brinjal using recorded medium NUTMON showed and only 3 farms that N and K recorded low P. Soil balance was Health Cards have negative, whereas P been distributed to showed a positive these farmers with balance. To test Number farms showing the low, medium and high category in soil available nutrients f e r t i l i z e r verify the ways of recommendation inflow and outflow for several crops. (viz., erosion, leaching etc) second field experiment was Collected data from all these farms were fed into the data initiated with Tapioca as the Test crop with different levels of processing module of NUTMON and the nutrient balances N, P and K. Soil erosion loss has been quantified from this are being computed using the NUTMON for regional level field experiment and the results indicated that the soil loss nutrient budgeting.

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

Drip Fertigation Package for higher Productivity in Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) The objective of the project is to assess the impact of different levels of fertigation on growth and yield of black pepper. Initially a field experiment and pot culture experiment has been initiated with Bush pepper for different levels of fertigation. In pot culture experiment, two varieties viz., Panniyur I and Panniyur 5 are being tried for assessing the impact of drip fertigation. The following parameters are being monitored viz., Nutrient movement in soil, Growth and yield parameters in Pepper, Nutrient uptake by plant parts, Quality parameters, Dripper discharge and its distribution uniformity, Soil moisture content and Wetting pattern respectively. Drip fertigation as per the treatment schedule is under progress. Stage wise soil samples were collected during reporting period and analysis is under progress.

In general, the experimental soil in sandy clay loam in texture with bulk density of 1.01 and particle density of 2.06 g cc . When compared with the initial soil data, there is a slight improvement in soil fertility parameters. For instance, the organic carbon content improved from 1.72 % to 2.02 % in the surface soil of 0-15 cm. Besides, fertigation is also creating a gradient in nutrient availability within the treatments.. Both in field and pot culture experiments the plants started yielding and it is being recorded. The yield data showed that initial impact of drip fertigation is found to be encouraging. Collaborated with Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR) and initiated two field experiments on drip fertigation in grown up and recently planted pepper vines at IISR Farm, Peruvannamuzhi.

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A brief outcome from Kozhikode district with selected land use is detailed below. Land use selected for comparison was natural forest, coconut, banana, pepper, acacia and mixed cropping systems. Following the general site selection, five representative areas were selected from each land use types (forest, coconut, banana and pepper, acacia and mixed cropping systems) which were replicated three times, and from each site, fifteen soil sub-samples were collected from the depths of 0-30 and 30-60 cm each in a radial sampling scheme using a power auger. Generally, comparisons between the crop fields that have been continuously cultivated on one hand and the forest lands on the other revealed a highly significant difference on major soil fertility parameters.

The results showed that soil organic carbon and total N declined exponentially in the case of cultivated land.

Organic Carbon (OC) content was significantly (P≤ 0.01) affected by land use. Soil OC content was highest (3.78%) under the forest land and lowest (0.76 %) was on the acacia land use. Similar trend was observed in the case of available N also. The decline in soil OM and N contents in the acacia field might be due to the insufficient inputs of organic substrate from the system and the area is without any crop rotation. Considering the two soil depths, higher average OC was observed in the surface (0-15 cm) than subsoil (15-30 cm) layer irrespective of land use. Soil texture, water retention at field capacity and permanent wilting point and all of the soils chemical properties studied were significantly affected (P≤ 0.05 and/or P≤ 0.01) by land use. The attributes of the soils under the cultivated lands showed overall change towards the direction of loss of their fertility compared to the soils attributes of the adjacent forest soils,

Carbon sequestration in soils under major land use systems in humid tropical Western Ghats region of Kerala The main objective of the project is to assess the carbon stock, different fractions of carbon pools and carbon sequestration potential in selected cropping systems of lowland, midland and highland regions of Kerala. Various cropping systems perennial and annual crops with mono crop and mixed cropping systems are being considered for the assessment. Soil sampling in different system has been done in three districts viz., Palakkad, Kozhikode and Malappuram district and the soil analysis is under progress.

Brief details about the number of farms under monitoring in all the three districts are given in Table

Soil organic carbon influenced by the land use in different depths

Details about the land use selected in three districts of Kerala No. of districts

No. of AEUs covered

No. of farmers

Area Covered (ha)

Land Use / Cropping system

3

10

56

97.16

Paddy, Coconut based , Banana, Arecanut based, Rubber,Vegetables etc.,

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

Influence of soil types and soil moiture on organic carbon % in forest loam and lateritic soil of humid tropical Kerala however under mixed home garden type the soil fertility is being sustained. These variations of soil physicochemical properties between land use types indicate the ability of different land use systems potential to sequester C and in turn make the system sustainable one.

Besides, a laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to examine the rate of decomposition of the different organic amendment sources in a range of soils derived from various land-use practices to assess the potential of Carbon sequestration. The incubation study was carried out at the green house of Water Management (Agriculture) Division of CWRDM. There are seven treatments with different organic manure / amendments. Carbon was supplied @ 1% depending on the carbon content of the organic manures /amendments. Soil sampling is being done during every 30 days interval. Three stage of soil sampling completed and analysis is under progress.

The results of the first set of sampling revealed that the organic carbon content of soil is significantly influenced by the addition of organic amendments. Similarly it showed significant variation with respect to soil types. The addition of farm yard manure (FYM) recorded the highest OC, followed by crop residues and vermin compost in forest soil.

Similar trend was observed with the lateritie soil also.

Besides, invariably the soil moisture maintained at field capacity had shown higher organic carbon per cent when compared to the samples kept under flooded condition.

Evaluation of soil nutrient budgets at field, farm and regional level in humid tropics of Kerala and development of a model for management of soil health The objectives of this project are to develop a suitable

methodology for monitoring nutrient balance and budgeting, calibrate and validate the model at different spatial scales in Kerala soils and to construct a decision support system (DSS) linked with Geographic Information System (GIS) for ensuring sustenance of soil fertility and successful transfer of agro technology. The calibrated and validated model will be superimposed using GIS tools to estimate soil nutrient (major nutrients only) stocks for extrapolation and by this regional scale soil, climate and land-use data sets would be formatted which would be useful for policy makers. International Institute of Applied Systems and Analysis (IIASA), Austria would help in developing model using the soil nutrient data collected from the laboratory, field, farm and district levels in Kerala.

The field experiment had been initiated with Ash gourd crop for assessing the inflow and outflows at the experimental field of CWRDM campus with 7 treatments.

Cow pea was grown as preceding crop mainly to improve the soil fertility. Nutrient inflows and outflows viz., fertilizer, manure, rainfall, irrigation water, leaching and erosion are being monitored. The soil analysis and crop biometric analysis is under progress.

For regional level studies, Kozhikode district has been chosen and initiated the process for regional level data collection. 20 farms have been selected in 4 Agro ecological units covering marginal, small, medium and large farmers with crops like paddy, coconut, banana, arecanut, pepper, vegetables etc. First set of soil sampling was completed in all the selected 20 farms and Soil health cards have been distributed to these farmers with fertilizer recommendation for several crops.. Land use and Land cover, data acquired for 2005-06 from NRSC and LULC map of the study area was prepared.

Performance evaluation of selected minor irrigation projects in Kerala A high proportion of farmers under Kanniparamba and Vellannur MI schemes in Kozhikode district and Mangalasseri and Thekkinkad MI schemes (a fully farmer managed scheme) in Malappuram district report adequate, timely and equitable water availability, either always or sometimes. The values of Relative Water Supply (RIS), Relative Irrigation Supply (RIS) and Water Adequacy Ratio also give a picture of good water availability in the schemes.

Productivity of banana is found to be higher in all the schemes, whereas the productivity of paddy is less. Crop production is found to be generally profitable for farmers.

Statistically significant difference exists between Kanniparamba and Vellannur, Kanniparamba and

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

Mangalasseri, Kanniparamba and Thekkinkadu, Vellannur and Mangalasseri, and Vellannur and Thekkinkadu MI schemes with respect to the proportion of farmers reporting “Never” adequate, timely and equitable water availability.

However, statistically significance on farmers reporting “Always” adequate, adequate, timely and equitable water availability is observed between Vellannur and Thekkinkadu MI schemes only. This may be attributed to the favourable condition of water availability reported by many farmers in the MI schemes The physical state of the canal system of all schemes except Kanniparamba is not very promising. As a result, conveyance losses of the systems, in general, are expected to be very high. Minor Irrigation Dept. has not organized any farmers’ associations under the schemes, since a provision for this did not exist. However, there are other farmers’ associations existing in the command area such as Padashakhara Samithi, Kera Karshaka Samithi etc. More than 80% farmers attend the meetings of farmers’ associations in all the schemes. Except for Mangallasseri MI scheme, where all the farmers involve in distribution of water among themselves, in the other three MI schemes, 24 to 59% of farmers only are involved in this participatory activity. This can be attributed to the initiative taken by the farmer leaders in the command area, who, primarily take up this responsibility. However, about 63% farmers under the completely farmer managed Thekkinkadu MI scheme contribute money for maintenance of irrigation canal/structures. Because of the “need” for water management totally from their side, they show comparatively more sense of “ownership” for the irrigation system, when compared to MI projects managed by the Dept.

Other participatory activities, where some farmers under the MI schemes get involved include labour contribution towards implementation of programs related to cultivation/irrigation (in two MI schemes of Kozhikode district), money and labour for maintenance of canals/structures, conflict resolution (except in Thekkinkadu LI scheme in Malappuram district), discussing with farmers/officials on ways to improve cultivation/ income from farming and problems in cultivation, and marketing of produce (in the two MI schemes of Kozhikode district). The minor irrigation projects evaluated in Kozhikode district are comparatively better in farmer participation than those in Malappuram district Statistical significance is observed between Kanniparamba and Thekkinkadu for all farmer participatory activities, and between Vellannur and Mangalasseri MI schemes for seven out of twelve activities analyzed under the study.

Suggestions based on the study have been given in the final report of the project, June 2014

Farmer participatory demonstration and evaluation of Drip fertigation technique in Kerala During 2014 summer season, drip fertigation system was installed and operated in fifteen farmers’ plots for demonstration cum evaluation. These plots were selected in collaboration with the Agriculture Department in Thiruvananthapuram, Alappuzha, Idukki, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Palakkad, Malappuram, Kozhikode, Wayanad and Kasargod districts for arecanut, banana, cardamom and vegetables. Accordingly, drip fertigation system has been installed in twenty two farmers’ plots in various districts of the State during the two year project period.

Data collected from a sample of irrigating and un-irrigating farmers revealed that even though majority of them are aware of drip irrigation, most of them are unaware of drip fertigation. About 79% of irrigating farmers and 82% of non irrigating farmers attribute high cost as the disadvantage of drip irrigation, while about 97 to 100% of both categories of farmers mention the same reason for not adopting it. 81 % farmers have faced problem in getting subsidy for drip irrigation from the Agriculture Dept.

47 % of farmers, who attended seminars on drip fertigation organized under the project in various demonstration plots, were also found to be unaware of drip fertigation. However, after exposure to the system during the seminars, 89 % of them showed interest in adopting the technique using the subsidy provided by the Agriculture Dept. A similar trend had been observed among farmers, who attended the inaugural function of the project during the first year of the project in different demonstration plots. This indicates the influence of farmer participatory demonstrations in promoting adoption of improved techniques like drip fertigation.

Data on soil moisture status and nutrient availability was recorded from some of the farmers’ plots where drip fertigation system was adopted by a significant number of farmers in Palakkad district during 2012 using subsidy provided by the Dept.

Data on soil analysis done among Palakkad farmers who have adopted fertigation using subsidy of Government shows that invariably, in all the plots, the drip fertigated area performs better than the control with respect to maintaining soil moisture and soil fertility status (data not shown). Under drip fertigation plots, the soil moisture content was always higher than Available Water Capacity (AWC) of 12 %, whereas, in control plot, it is lower than AWC. The soil wetting pattern under drip fertigation plot of Cluster bean in Palakkad district shows that soil moisture is maintained up to 45 cm soil depth and also from 45 cm distance from the emitter. This implies that horizontal movement of moisture is taking place and hence, maintaining the adequate

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

moisture level required for effective plant growth.

A green house field experiment was conducted at CWRDM, Kozhikode Kerala from January 2014 to April 2014 to evaluate the effect of different methods of irrigation and nutrient levels in Bhendi. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatments and three replications. The experiment consisted of 3 irrigation methods viz., Surface drip irrigation, Sub surface drip irrigation and surface flood (channel) irrigation. Nutrient levels tried were 75, 100 and 125 % of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers (RDIF) through drip fertigation, 100 % of recommended dose of Polynomial regression curve for increase in nutrient levels with bhendi yield organic fertilizers (RDOF) through drip fertigation, 50 % RDIF + 50 % RDOF and 100 % RDIF through soil application in surface flood irrigation Studies on decentralized wastewater treatment method. The results showed that 100 % of recommended using constructed wetlands dose of inorganic fertilizers (RDIF) through surface drip irrigation registered the highest yield followed by 100 % of Wetlands are a peculiar ecosystem that improves the quality recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers (RDIF) through of water which passes through them by effectively storing sub surface drip irrigation. The yield improvement was 142 and filtering many compounds especially excess nutrients % higher when compared to the surface flood (channel) and pollutants.

It offers a unique combination of physical, irrigation method. In all the drip fertigation treatments, the chemical and biological factors that remove pollutants from moisture content was maintained, since the water is being water. Constructed wetlands are man-made natural supplied continuously at regular intervals and in flood wetlands, designed to reproduce and intensify the irrigation the major factor negatively affecting crop yield, is wastewater treatment process that occur in natural wetland. due to the moisture stress. Increase in nutrient levels Constructed wetlands are an effective and eco-friendly way improved the bhendi yield which has been confirmed by the to remove suspended solids, organic and heavy metals to polynomial regression with the R value of 0.98. However, improve water quality and at the same time nutrients are the yield improvement was unnoticed in 125 % RDIF. recycled .

Analysis of physical, economic optima and soil water nutrient movement using HYDRUS modeling is under Systamatic studies on wastewater renovation capability of progress. scaled constructed wetland systems employing wetland plants Bulrush and Reed are progressing. The system of experiments were carried out with different flow rates. The parameters such as DO, BOD, COD, pH, TDS, TSS, Nitrate and Sulphate were analysed routinely to assess the wastewater renovation potential.Considerable reduction in Nitrate and BOD concentrations was observed in the treatment systems. The studies are progressing.

2

Study to investigate the biocontrol potential of wetland microbes on cultivated plants

Sed Âą

117.8

CD (Pd≤0.05) 241.2 Effect of drip fertigation systems on Bhendi yield

The immense potential of wetlands can be attributed to the flora and fauna associated with the rhizosphere of mangroves. The present project aims at assessing the biocontrol potential of the wetland rhizopshere microbes. Rhizobium, Bacillus megaterium, Arthobacter and Pseudomonas Sp were isolated using standard bacteriological procedures and DNA sequencing (16s rDNA

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

sequence). Applications of Bacillus megaterium and Arthobacter promoted plant growth by the production of metabolites and growth hormones which indicates that it may serve as a growth promoter in the agricultural sector to enhance our food production. Further Plant growth promoting bacteria Bacillus megaterium and Arthrobacter were screened invitro for their potential against Fusarium oxysporum on vegetable plants Tomato and Brinjal. PGPB treated plant infected with pathogen showed a significant change in morphology and biochemical constituents than the fungus treated plant, which indicates the potential of Arthrobacter and Bacillus sp. in suppressing fusarium induced diseases. Results suggest that the effective PGPB strains Bacillus megaterium and Arthrobacter tested in this study have a potential to be formulated and used as inoculants to replace chemical fertilizer and Arthrobacter is an effective biocontrol agent to control disease incidence in Tomato plant and Brinjal. Studies are being continued.

prepared and the physicochemical parameters like BOD, COD, pH, temperature, conductivity, total suspended solids(TSS), and total dissolved solids(TDS) was analysed before and after treatment with EM solution. In the case of solid kitchen waste, total organic matter, total organic carbon, potassium and sodium content was analysed before and after treatment with EM. Further analysis is being carried out.

Groundwater Resources Evaluation and Prospects for Future Development in Karuvannur River Basin

The study area is located between north latitudes 10°19’15’’ and 10°36’55’’ and between east longitudes 76° 04’55’’ and 76°33’45’’. The total basin area is 1,054 Km which falls fully within Thrissur District of Kerala State. The river originates from Pumalai, at an elevation of 1100m amsl.

Collected, compiled and analysed all the available data with Decontamination of solid and liquid waste respect to geology, hydrogeology, geomorphology, land use/ using effective microbes for development of an land cover, rainfall, etc Monitored the Depth to groundwater appropriate technology. level from selected wells representing different geomorphic units / zones. Observation well network map, contour map and drainage map, slope map, Water level map etc., were The exploitation of the metabolic versatility of prepared. Water quality monitoring of groundwater samples microorganisms is advantageous in biological waste from observation wells (Openwells & Borewells) were done treatment. The environment friendly Effective for pre-monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon seasons. The Microorganism(EM) technology claims an enormous water quality is good for drinking purposes as per standards, amount of benefit. Biological treatment of waste appears to except for the wells in coastal stretch, which shows high be cost effective and carries less negative environmental salinity values. A 100% well inventory survey was carried impact. EM secretes organic acids and enzymes which act out in all the 3 physiographic regions of the study area. In this on sewage and degrade complex organic matter into simpler area groundwater occurs predominantly under phreatic ones. The antioxidant substances produced enhances the condition. Groundwater is extracted mainly from the lateritic breakdown of solids and reduces the sludge volume. formation through dug wells. The well density is 296, 228 and 381 in the highland, midland and lowland regions Different species of bacteria and actinomycetes were respectively. Using isolated from the soil remote sensing and and water samples geospatial technology collected from Njeliyan groundwater potential paramba , Canoly canal zones were identified. and CWRDM canteen The current ground premises. After the water draft is only 30% biochemical characteof the annual utilizable rization, the isolates groundwater potential were identified to be of the Karuvannur river Bacillus sp., and basin. There are no S t re p t o m y c e s s p . industries in the study Laboratory scale trial area and the agricultural on the degradation operation is mainly rain potential of these fed. Based on the isolates on kitchen present level of groundwastes was studied. water utilisation, the river basin has been Subsequently the categorized as ‘Safe’ for efficacy of EM solution future groundwater in wastewater treatment development. was analysed. Synthetic Water level map of Karuvannur River Basin Pre-Monsoon 2013 waste water was 2

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

Hydro-Geomorphology and Groundwater Quality of coastal Aquifers of ErnakulamAlappuzha Region Seasonal salinity patterns and groundwater quality in the shallow aquifers along Ernakulam-Alappuzha coast, central Kerala was studied. Saline water intrusion is a major problem in the lowland and coastal plain region in the coastal stretch. The area has a complex geomorphological setting, mainly covered with barrier-lagoon complex comprised with ridge-runnel topography and adjoining river distributary system. The objectives of the study are: (a) Delineation of various hydro-geomorphological units and hydrogeology of the area (b) Assessment of groundwater quality variation of the coastal region in relation to hydrogeology and hydro-geomorphology (c) Preparation of spatial model of temporal variation of groundwater quality in the coastal belt.

complex, mudflats and intertidal flats, floodplains, marshy areas and mangrove swamps of coastal origin. The landform units of fluvial origin viz., paleo-channels, abandoned channels, point bar, channel Island, swamps/river flood plains etc. were also identified. Water samples (115 nos.) collected from shallow open wells representing various morphological units during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons (2011-2013). The physico-chemical parameters of the water samples viz., pH, temperature, EC, alkalinity, salinity, turbidity, TDS, chloride (Cl), total hardness, Ca , Mg , Na , K , SO and Fe were determined.

Chemical analysis of water samples indicate that most dominant cations being Na and Ca and anions Cl and HCO viz., followed by SO , Mg and K . Spatial distribution maps reveals higher EC, Cl, total hardness, salinity and TDS levels in the northern part (Ernakulam,Vypin areas). Total alkalinity is found increasing towards the seaside and also towards southern parts (Alappuzha area). The Cl content is higher nearer to the lake (Vembanad) and increases towards north. The cation content (Na , K , Ca and Mg ) and total hardness is found increasing towards the seaside and also in the northern parts. SO content shows higher values adjacent to the lake. The hydrochemical plots (Hill-Piper diagram &, US salinity diagram), bivariate plots and correlation coefficients indicated, higher salinity is the major chemical contaminant in groundwater samples from the area. Significant seasonal fluctuation (pre-monsoon 2011 & post-monsoon 2011) in hydro-chemical parameters viz., EC, TDS, Salinity, Total hardness, Ca , Mg , Cl, SO is noted. Higher salinity in the pre-monsoon season is noted in the northern part compared to southern parts. The lowland plain south of Alappuzha also shows higher salinity and total hardness. Anthropogenic contaminants in the groundwater are mostly concentrated around Cochin and suburban areas.

The water samples from ridges, alluvial and coastal plain areas are generally of good quality. The water samples from floodplain areas are generally of poor quality, i.e. affected by salinity, turbidity and hardness. However, in the northern part of the coastal belt, i.e, Vypin, Njarakkal, Ernakulam and also near Thannermukkam bund, the anthropogenic activities superseded the geomorphological controls and groundwater quality is poor. The water level elevation vs. chloride concentration, EC vs. Chloride concentration and Hill-piper plots shows the geomorphological control on groundwater salinity.

-

2+

2+

+

+

2–

+

2+

-

-

3

2-

2+

+

4

-

-

+

Geomorphological mapping of the study area was carried out with the help of digital satellite data (IRS P6 LISS III, bands 1, 2, 3 & 4) acquired in February 2010. The study revealed the presence of various geomorphological units viz., barrier islands, spit, lagoon, beach ridges and swale

2+

4

+

2+

2+

2-

4

2+

2+

-

2-

4

Assessment of groundwater condition and Effect of Reservoirs on Groundwater Environment in Karamana River Basin Karamana river basin in Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala, has a total length of 68 km and a total catchment area of 702 km . The river originates from Western Ghat mountain ranges and flows through the coastal plains of Thiruvananthapuram district. The major rock type in the basin is khondalite, which appears to offer uniform resistant environment resulting in dendritic drainage pattern.

2

Digital elevation model (DEM) of the study area

20

CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

Punurpuzha. The people residing nearby areas are also expected to be benefited out of this intervention in terms of storage and recharge to open wells. The main objectives of the study are a)To study the impact due to vented weir through monitoring groundwater table, b) To observe any ill effect due to impoundment of water to the river course and c)To quantify the improvements in water resources. All necessary data pertaining to Punnurpuzha river system such as rainfall, catchment area, landuse, hydraulic structures etc. are being collected and analysed to see the appropriateness while going for river interventions like weirs and subsurface dams. Available data and literatures on these aspects are being examined as part of the study.

Drainage Map of Karamana River Basin However structural control is evident in places where straight river courses and meanders are encountered.

Karamana river flows through all the three physiographic regions of the Kerala State – highland, midland and low land. At present major part of the water demand of Thiruvananthapuram city is being catered from the Karamana river basin, both by surface water and ground water. In the study a detailed hydrogeological investigation is planned to bring out all the groundwater related parameters, which will be useful for the planning, development, and management of the groundwater resources in Karamana river basin. About 50 observation wells have been identified in the study area and seasonal monitoring of water levels as well as water quality is being carried out.

Studies on water yield from the highland catchments of Western Ghat regions of Kerala State The objectives of this study initiated in September 2010 are (i) to study the water yield from the selected catchment in relation to land use changes and (ii) to analyze spatial & temporal soil moisture variation in different land use in relation to related parameters through instrumentation, surveys and field experiments.

Study on Impact in Water resources due to Construction of Vented Weir near CWRDM infiltration gallery at Punnurpuzha The study is being carried out around a vented weir which is constructed in the vicinity of the CWRDM infiltration gallery at

Map showing inventoried hydraulic structures across Punurpuzha

Forty three sites for soil moisture measurements were established and seventeen soil moisture profile details were collected using soil moisture PR2 profile probe. Several factors like land-use, slope, elevation, soil type, aspect etc. were considered for finalizing the soil monitoring sites. The analysis show reduction in soil moisture at stations established in Eucalyptus plantation compared to other landuse in the basin under study.

Interactions with labours of KHDP were done to form a structured questionnaire for interview. The questionnaire was finalized and was pretested. The survey on social aspects related to eucalyptus in high lands was done among eighty seven families in Ward 2 of Devikulam Panchayath. The analysis of data was completed

21

CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

saplings were planted in all the sites. At Kodungalloor site, harvesting of the first crop of tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) seeds was conducted in November 2013 and harvesting of the polyculture with Milkfish (Chanoos chanoos) and Mullet cephalus was conducted on 01-042014. At Kollam site one lakh Penaeus monodon seeds were stocked on 13-02-2014 and harvesting was conducted on 2005-2014. At Alappuzha site, 5000 Silopia (fish) seed were stocked on 10-03-2014 and at Thiruvananthapuram, 7500 Pearl spot (Karimeen) seeds were released to the site at Edava on 12-03-2014. At Kannur, one new site at Eranholi Panchayat was selected and activity group was formed on 17-03-2014. Here 1.5 lakh Penaeus monodon seeds were stocked on 05-05-2014. At Kasaragod, a training programme on “Integrated Mangrove Aquaculture” was conducted on 17-03-2014 at Cheruvathur Grama panchayat hall.

Soil moisture data collection in grass land-Kundala-Mattupatty catchment

and the result of ranking on advantages of eucalyptus is given in table. Water current meter (Flow Probe FP111) is used for discharge calculations from small upland stream for different flow conditions

Under the project, seasonal water quality computations were made based on the water samples collected from nine project area located in the coastal Districts. In Post-monsoon season, maximum water pH value of 9.19 noticed in Malappuram and minimum value 6.74 recorded in Kasaragod. In the present investigation pH of the aquaculture pond water showed permissible limit.

Conductivity values of the sites varied greatly and found maximum in Kasaragod District and minimum at Alappuzha during the Post-monsoon season. Maximum salinity value 33.01ppt was seen in Kannur during Post-monsoon season and minimum salinity value 0.70 ppt at Kasaragod.

Ranking –Advantages of Eucalyptus Advantages Rank 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Supply good No. of respondents 50 6 2 0 quantity of wood % 86.2 10.3 3.5 0 Control soil No. of respondents 4 13 7 17 erosion % 6.9 22.4 12.1 29.3 Improve soil No. of respondents 0 0 6 7 fertility % 0 0 10.3 12.1 Accepted No. of respondents 0 11 19 17 part of lives % 0 19 32.7 29.3 Reducing the time spent by No. of respondents 4 23 20 5 women in gathering firewood % 6.9 39.7 34.5 8.6

Integrated Mangrove-Aquaculture for the Environmental Management and SocioEconomic Upliftment of Rural People in Kerala The project mainly aims to introduce integrated mangrove aquaculture farming systems in the selected coastal brackish water area in Kerala, covering nine coastal Districts, so as to protect mangrove along with aquaculture through local community participation. As part of the project, mangrove

5th 0 0 5 8.6 29 50 4 6.9 5 8.6

No No Position opinion advantage (based on rank) 0 0 First 0 0 1 11 Fourth 1.7 19 0 16 Fifth 0 27.6 0 7 Third 0 12.1 0 1 Second 0 1.7

Dissolved Oxygen is necessary to sustain aquatic biota and it also provides a self purification capacity to water. Dissolved Oxygen values range between 2.3 mg/l at Malappuram to 10.60 mg/l at Kasaragod. In the case of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), all the samples showed permissible limit to aquaculture ie; below 10mg/l. High level of Chloride noticed in Kannur during Post-monsoon (20952mg/l).

As part of the project, biological analysis was also carried out following the standard techniques for collection, preservation and identification. The phytoplankton

22

CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

Shri A. Baliq, President, Edava Grama Panchayat,inaugurates the Pearl spot seeds (Karimeen) releasing on 12 March 2014

Smt. N Suvarnakumari, Scientist, taking class on Integrated Mangrove Aquaculture at the Training Programme at conducted at Cheruvathur, Kasaragod on 17-03-2014 Shri.K.Rajan, Technical Assistant, Fisheries Department, Kozhikode also seen

Smt. Sherley Stephen, President, Adichanallor Grama Panchayat inaugurates Prawn Harvest at Nedungolam, Kollam

Penaeus monodon stocking at Eranholi, Kannur site on 05-05-2014 community is composed of members Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae.

The phytoplankton community shows a distinct dominance by Bacillariophyceae like Nitzschia, Pinnularia, Navicula, Amphora. Chlorophyceae represents Closterium, Paediastrum duplex, Spirogyra, Scenedesmus and Coelastrum. Minor representation of Cyanophyceae (Oscillatoria) at Alappuzha shows a clear indication of nutrient enrichment.

Implementation of Management Action Plan (MAP) at Ashtamudi The MAP at Ashtamudi Wetland is mainly aimed at comprehensive development and management of the Ashtamudi Lake and its catchment for its

23

CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

sustainable utilization and conservation. The major components of MAP included are, catchment treatment (afforestation and soil and water conservation), conservation of flora and fauna, pollution control measures, scientific management of wetland fisheries, social interventions, and monitoring and evaluation. A total of Rs. 24.7 lakh was released by MoEF, for continuing the implementation of Management Action Plan during the year. The amount is allocated for soil and water conservation activities. As per MoU signed between CWRDM and Soil Survey and Soil Conservation Department, the Department is to carry out soil conservation works at the wards 2, 19 and 20 of Perinad Panchayat in the catchment of Ashtamudi Wetland. The works to be carried out are earthern bund (5,729 Rm), stabilization structure (993 Rm), staggered trenches (737 Rm), agrostology (10,926 Rm), dry rubble checkdam (7), and spring water collection tank (7). The works are under progress.

Implementation of Management Action Plan (MAP) at Sasthamcotta

was prepared and submitted to the Environment Department, Government of India, which was forwarded to MoEF, by the Environment Department, during the year.

The proposal is being considered by MoEF for funding.

Blue and Green Water Availability and its Variability in Neyyar River Basin The study aims to create an understanding of the water availability and management of water flows in agriculture.

Neyyar River Basin, the southern most basin in Kerala, is the study area. A process based continuous hydrologic model, SWAT, is employed in this study. With the input databases on DEM, landuse, soil, slope and weather, the SWAT setup for the basin was developed and Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs) defined. Parameter calibration of the model is underway. Different scenarios based on hypothetical land use change as well as crop and soil management practices will be developed and change in flow patterns will be determined.

The MAP at Sasthamcotta wetland is mainly aimed at the comprehensive development and management of the Sasthamcotta Lake and its catchment for its sustainable utilization and conservation. The major components of MAP included are, catchment treatment (afforestation and soil and water conservation), conservation of flora and fauna, pollution control measures, scientific management of wetland fisheries, social interventions, and monitoring and evaluation. An amount of Rs. 1.2 lakh was available for awareness creation, sign board preparation, etc. under the project, and actions have been taken to carry out the programmes during the period.

A Revised Management Action Plan of Sasthamcotta Wetland outlaying Rs. 28 crore

NABL Accreditation to Water Quality Laboratory of CWRDM Water Quality Laboratory of CWRDM got accreditation by National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) under the aegis of Department of Science & Technology, Government of India.

Water Quality Laboratory of CWRDM

24

CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

LIST OF R&D PROJECTS ONGOING RESEARCH PROJECTS I. Plan Projects Title

Sl No

PI

Budget (Rs in lakhs)

1

Study in the Characteristics of the Driving Beach at Muzhuppilangad, Kerala

Mr. Abdulla P K

20.92

2

Salinity Propagation and Mixing Characteristics of Kuppam- Valapattanam River

Mr. Abdulla P K

27.12

3

Blue and Green water availability and its variability in Neyyar River basin

Ms. AmbilI G K

08.30

4

Benchmarking of Kuttiyadi Irrigation Project

Dr. Anitha A B

18.12

5

Assessment of groundwater condition and Effect of Reservoirs on Groundwater Environment in Karamana River Basin

Dr. Arun P R

18.15

6

Study on Impact in Water resources due to Construction of Vented Weir near CWRDM infiltration gallery at Punnurpuzha

Dr. Arun P R

03.00

7

Impact of rapid urbanization on the hydrologic regime of a selected river basin in Kerala

Dr. Celine George

21.12

8

Climate change fingerprints on water resources and hydrometeorology of Achencoil river basin in Kerala

Dr. Celine George

11.00

9

Investigation on Climatic Change and assessment of its impact on water and land Resources in Wayand Districts, Western Ghat region of Kerala

Dr. Dinesan V P

20.00

10

Impact of Kuttiyadi Augmentation Scheme in the Command Areas of Kuttiyadi and Banasurasagar Irrigation Projects of Kerala

Mr. Dinil Sony C

14.95

11

Study on Hydrological Characteristics of all River Basins of Kerala

Ms. Drissia T K

10.53

12

Assessment of Water Stress in Bharathapuzha River Basin

Ms. Drissia T K

23.70

13

Studies on water yield from high land catchments in humid tropics of the Western Ghat regions of Kerala State- N36

Dr. George Abe

19.50

14

Development and maintenance of CWRDM LAN and development of related utilities

Dr. Girish Gopinath

15

Treatment of Contaminated Drinking Water and Industrial Waste Water using Nanotechnology

Dr. Harikumar P S

17.10

16

Drip Fertigation Package for Higher productivity in Black Pepper

Dr. Joseph E J

18.35

17

Validation of Farmer Participatory Action Research on Precision Farming and Micro Irrigation

Dr. Kamalam Joseph

15.25

18

Hydrological Data Bank Activities

Dr. Pradeep Kumar P K

06.48

19

Development and maintenance of Water Museum complex with emphasis establishing Science and Technology display centre on water for mass awareness

Dr. Prasanna Kumar K R (Co-PI)

12.82

20

Investigation on Nutrient Fluxes and Organic Carbon Dynamics in a Mangrove Ecosystem of Northern Kerala

Dr. Resmi T R

17.00

21

Study on Stable and Radionuclides and Associated metal chemistry of Groundwater along Kollam coast.

Dr. Shahul Hameed A

20.00

—

25

CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

ii. External funded projects Sl Title No

PI

Funding Agency

1

Water Use Efficiency Studies of Mangalam Irrigation Project

Mr. Babu Mathew

MoWR, GoI

15.41

2

Development of GWIS for development and management of groundwater in Palakkad, Wyanad and Alappuzha with special reference to Paddy

Dr. Dinesan V P

DoECC,GoK

19.00

3

Implementation of Management Action Plan at Ashtamudi Wetland

Dr. George Chackacherry

MoEF, GoI

1605

4

Implementation of Management Action Plan at Sasthamcotta Wetland

Dr. George Chackacherry

MoEF, GoI

307

5

Development of a space-enabled Drought Management Support System for the five drought-prone districts in Kerala state, in the wake of the global climate change and the projected impacts

Dr. Girish Gopinath

INSW/ MoWR, GoI

35.84

6

Estimation of Recent rate and pattern of sedimentation using Cs isotopic systematics of a high altitude lake of Western Ghats

Dr. Girish Gopinath

DST, GoI

18.87

7

Sedimentation analysis of the high altitude wetlands in Kerala with special reference to Pookot lake.

Dr. Girish Gopinath

KSCSTE, GoK

12.39

8

Saline Water Intrusion studies along Tuticorin coast using IsotopeSystematics

Dr. Girish Gopinath

DST-WAR, GoI

18.87

9

Groundwater Response to Urbanization

Dr. Girish Gopinath (Ph.D fellowship of Ms.Jesiya N P)

KSCSTE, GoK

-

10

Water Quality Monitoring Programme for Kerala State (2013-14)

Dr. Harikumar P S

KSCSTE, GoK

13.00

11

Soil Quality Monitoring of Cheruvannur-Nallalam Panchayath-Kozhikode district

Dr. Harikumar P S

KSCSTE, GoK

21.09

12

Mobile Laboratory for Assuring the Drinking Water Quality Dr. Harikumar P S

KWA, GoK

30.47

13

A Study on the Persistence of Endosulphan and its Degradation by Biotic and Abiotic Factors-Back to Lab Programme

Dr. Harikumar P S (Scientist Mentor) Investigator Jesitha K

KSCSTE

14

Preparation of detailed profile report of Sasthamkotta and Vellayani wetlands

Dr. Harikumar P S

DoECC, GoK

05.00

15

Preparation of Management Action Plan for Kavvayi Wetland System of Northern Kerala

Dr. Harikumar P S

KSCSTE, GoK

15.40

16

Monitoring Mapping and Mitigation of Fluoride in Palakkad Region

Dr. Harikumar P S

UNICEF

10.98

17

Various programmes in water and sanitation sector under IYWC

Dr. Harikumar P S

KSCSTE, GoK

44.80

18

Environment and Climate Change Research Fellowship Programme-Paristhithi Poshini

Dr. Harikumar P S (Scientist Mentor) Investigator Bindhyamol K

DoECC, GoK,

05.16

26

CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

Budget (Rs in lakhs)

13. 75

Sl Title No

PI

Funding Agency

Budget (Rs in lakhs)

19

Carbon sequestration in soils under major land use Dr. Joseph E J systems in humid tropical Western Ghats region of Kerala

DoECC,GoK

22.95

20

Demonstration of Poly House Precision Farming

Dr. Kamalam Joseph

State Horticulture Mission-Kerala

21

Action Education of Scheduled Caste Youths on Water Resources Development and Management Through Appropriate Technologies

Dr. Kamalam Joseph

DST,GoI

11.70

22

Farmer participatory demonstration and evaluation of Drip fertigation technique in Kerala

Dr. Madhava Chandran K

DST,GoI

85.03

23

Ecological Restoration of Mampuzha River, Kunnamangalam

Dr. Madhavan Komath MLA fund

05.00

24

Stable Isotope Facility for Research in Basic and Applied Sciences (Basic Fciloity) Phase II

Dr. Shahul Hameed A DST, GoI

142.3

25

Isotope-Hydro-Geo-chemical Investigations of Coastal Aquifers in Northern Kerala to Elucidate Salinisation Processes and Discrimination of Pollutant Sources

Dr. Shahul Hameed A DST, GoI

13.85

26

Modeling of soil nutrient assessment program: Developing Dr. Surendran U a DSS for sustenance of soil fertility in humid tropics

DSTSERB, GoI

20.20

27

Evaluation of soil nutrient budgets at field, farm and regional level in humid tropics of Kerala and development of a model for management of soil health

Dr. Surendran U

DST-TIFAC (India –Austria Program)

49.43

28

Soil-based plant nutrient management plan for agro ecosystems of Kerala- Soil Fertility Analysis and Management

Dr. Surendran U

DoA, GoI

17.50

29

Integrated Mangrove- Aquaculture for the Environmental Ms. Suvarnakumari N DST, GoI Management and Socio-Economic Upliftment of Rural people in Kerala

103

30

Environmental Isotope Systematics in Vembanad Lake of Southern India

5.0

Dr. Unnikrishnan Warrier C

DST, GoI

15.89

Sl Title No

PI

Funding Agency

Budget (Rs in lakhs)

1

Integrated drainage improvement plan for facilitating sustainable farming activities in the low lying paddy fields in Panthalayani Block, Kozhikode District.

Panthalayani Block.

Dr. Dinesan V P

Panthalayani Block Panchayat

2

Preparation of Panchayat level water security plan for Jalanidhi project phase-II: Technical Support for Implementation

Dr. Dinesan V P

KRWSA,GoK

130.00

3

Studies on Mining of River Sand from the Local Bodies of Northern Kerala

Mr. Dinil Sony C

Local bodies of GoK

0.30 (for each GP)

4

Assessment of Impact of Inland Vessels on the Water Quality in Vembanad Lake funded by

Mr. Dinil Sony C Mr. Abdulla PK

Port Department

09.50

5

Rapid EIA Due To Manual Dredging of Sand from the Port Limits of Munambam /Kodungallur

Mr. Dinil Sony C Mr. Abdulla PK

Port Department

05.00

iii. Consultancy Projects

27

CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

05.00

Sl Title No

PI

Funding Agency

Budget (Rs in lakhs)

6

Environmental monitoring of IISER construction site at Vithura

Dr. Harikumar P S

IISER,GoI

04.67

7

Water Quality Monitoring of Marthandavarma Branch of Periyar River

Dr. Harikumar P S

BPCL,Kochi

10.00

8

Water Quality Analysis under various consultancy programmes Dr. Harikumar P S

—

16.00

9

Feasibility study for restoration of land and rapid environmental impact assessment for the land at Thottipal – Kondipuram area, Nenmenikara village and in Parappukkara village in Thrissur District

Mr. Jayakumar P & Sushanth C.M.

KINFRA,GoK

20.00

10

Study on locating treated effluent disposal site for Kochi Refinery

Mr. Jayakumar P

Kochin Refinery

06.05

11

Feasibility study on seepage at the D/S of saddle dam, Kulamavu, Idukki District using isotope techniques

Dr. Shahul Hameed A

Dam Safety Athority of Kerala, KSEB

05.00

12

Identification of Command Area and Estimation of Irrigation Water Requirement for Pazhassi Irrigation Project

Mr. Sushanth C M

CADA

02.80

13

Social Audit of Kallada Irrigation Project

Mr. Sushanth C M

WRD,GoK

15.00

2.

COMPLETED PROJECTS

i.

Plan Projects

Sl Title No

PI

1.

An integrated study on the Kavvayi wetland system of northern Kerala

Dr. Harikumar P S

28.00

2.

Performance evaluation of selected minor irrigation projects in Kerala

Dr. Madhava Chandran K

09.98

3.

Groundwater Resources Evaluation and Prospects for Future Development in Karuvannur River Basin

Dr. Narasimha Prasad N B

09.46

Hydro-Geomorphology and Groundwater Quality of coastal Aquifers of Ernakulam-Alappuzha

Dr. Priju C P

13.01

4.

Budget (Rs in lakhs)

ii. External funded projects Sl Title No

PI

Funding Agency

1

Use of Bacteriophages as Tracers for Predicting the Safe distance between Contamination Source and Well Water in Different Soil Environments

Dr. Harikumar P S (Scientist Mentor) Investigator Megha P U

SHSRC,GoK,

2.

Isotope and Hydro-chemical Mapping of two River Basins in Kerala and an Island in Lakshadweep

Dr. Shahul Hameed A DST, GoI

Budget (Rs in lakhs) 0.50

16.59

iii. Consultancy Projects Sl Title No

PI

Funding Agency

Budget (Rs in lakhs)

1

Dr. Harikumar P S

KSUDP

05.62

A study to assess the impact on the ecological quality of the Canoli canal and Ashtamudi wetland

28

CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

Sanitation, Govt of India, on March 12-14, 2014. A total number of 22 officials from various Departments/ Agencies such as Central Water Commission, Kerala Water Authority, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, National Institute of Technology, Suchitwa Mission, Office of Regional Soil analytical laboratory, Rubber Research Institute and faculty members and research scholars of selected Universities and Colleges attended the programme. The training began with the welcome speech of Dr. P.S Harikumar, Scientist E2 & Head, Water Quality Division, CWRDM and the training was inaugurated by Dr N.B. Narasimha Prasad, Executive Director, CWRDM. Dr. Madhavan Komath, Scientist, Water Quality Division, CWRDM delivered the vote of thanks. The technical session included the classes of Dr P.S.Harikumar, Dr. T.R Resmi, Dr. George Chackacherry, Er. Sushanth C.M, Dr.V.P. Dinesan, Dr. Girish Gopinath, Dr. Priju C.P, Dr. T Jayakrishnan, Er. S. Rathish (Chief Engineer (JICA), Kerala Water Authority) and Adv. K.V.Mohanan (formerly of Groundwater Department).

TRAINING PROGRAMMES CONDUCTED WRMTP Training l

l

‘Management of Organisational Change’ under WRMTP during 23-25 January 2014 at Thrissur. Twenty four officers from different departments such as Water Resources, KWA, KERI, Soil conservation and Soil Survey attended the programme.

‘Introduction to Coastal Erosion Problems and Protection Measures in Kerala’. 6-9 January 2014

Sponsored Training Programmes l

Short-term training course on Isotope Tracer Techniques for Water Resources Development and Management was conducted during 09-13 June, 2014 at CWRDM-HQ. This training programme was the last of the training course series funded by DST, GoI, under the project on Stable isotope facility for research in basic and applied sciences. The training was inaugurated by Dr R D Deshpande, Scientist, SF, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmadabad in a function presided over by Dr. N B Narasimha Prasad, Executive Director, CWRDM. A total of 22 participants representing leading academic and research institutes of the country attended the training course. The five day training was concluded with a valedictory session presided over by Dr N B Narasimha Prasad , Executive Director, CWRDM. Dr. S M Rao, Former Associate Director, Isotope Applications Division, BARC, Mumbai and Mr. S S Kohli, Scientist G & Advisor, SERB, DST were the chief guests. They encouraged the participants to come forward with detailed research project proposals in isotope hydrology and elaborated on the scope of the subject in future research scenario.

Er. S. Rathish (Chief Engineer (JICA) delivering a talk on “Water Safety Planning” l

Water literacy Programme for school children and tribal community of Walad, Wayanad in collaboration with Profugo Development Initiatives was conducted at Walad, as a part of the project International Year of Water Co-operation on 4th January, 2014

Dr. S M Rao addressing the participants in the valedictory function presided over by the Executive Director, CWRDM and felicitated by Mr. S S Kohli, Advisor, SERB, DST and Dr. K Vasu l

A Training programme on “Water Resources Management” was conducted by Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (CWRDM), Kozhikode sponsored by Ministry of Drinking Water and

Dr. T Jayakrishnan delivering a talk on “Water & Health”

29

CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

the concept of ‘Fostering Scientific Temper’ and his perception has to be appreciated. About 50 graduate/post graduate students and teachers from, Wayanad, Kozhikode and Malappuram districts participated in the programme. Dr N B Narasimha Prasad, Executive Director presided over the inaugural function. In the technical session which followed Dr C Unnikrishnan Warrier, Scientist, CWRDM and Dr A Sujith, Asst.

Professor, NIT, Calicut presented papers on ‘Fostering scientific temper among youths’ and ‘Recent trends/advancements in science’ respectively.

Practical sessions in WQD Laboratory l

A training programme was organized at the national level under the Key Resource Centre funded by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India, during 11 – 13 June 2014 at CWRDM Sub Centre, Neyyattinkara, Thiruvananthapura. Dr N B Narasimha Prasad, Executive Director, CWRDM, inaugurated the programme. A total of 31 officials representing various department/agencies, universities, engineering colleges, Agriculture colleges, from Tamil Nadu and Kerala attended the programme.

Smt Lida Jacob IAS (Rtd), Former Addl.Secretary inaugurating the National Science Day Celebrations 2014

Participants visits the Sewage Treatment Plant at Muttathara, Trivandrum.

SEMINAR / WORKSHOP CONDUCTED l

The National Science Day 2014 was observed in CWRDM on 26-02-2014. The focal theme for this year Science day was ‘Fostering Scientific Temper’. The seminar in connection with National Science Day Celebration was inaugurated by Smt Lida Jacob, IAS (Retd), Former Additional Secretary, Govt. of Kerala.

According to her, the wellbeing of the society very much depends on inculcating a scientific attitude and approach among the youths especially student community. She has also stressed the need for application of science in all fields of life for the overall betterment of human society.

She said that our beloved Prime Minister late Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the person who first introduced

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One day Workshop on ‘Interstate Rivers and Inter Basin Transfers: Current Status in Kerala’, conducted at CWRDM, Kozhikode on 11 February 2014 as a part of WRMTP of CWRDM. 23 officials from Water Resources Department, Kerala Water Authority, Kerala State Electricity Board, Forest Department and faculties from Engineering Colleges were participated.

One day workshop on ‘Water literacy and Renovation of Water Resources’ was conducted at Kuzhuppilly Grama panchayath on June 4th, 2014 CWRDM with the support of UNICEF organized a workshop on “Preparation of a Water Safety Plan for Kerala State” at Thiruvnathapuram on 20th June 2014.

Shri KM Chandrasekhar, Planning Board Vice

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

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Chairman, Govt of Kerala inaugurated the workshop. Dr Satish Kumar and Mr Arun Dohbhal from UNICEF, Dr N B Narasimha Prasad, Executive Director, CWRDM, Dr K K Ramachandran Member Secretary, KSCSTE spoke during the function. Dr P S Harikumar, Scientist, CWRDM, Mr Chandan Sen Gupta expert in Water and Sanitation and Dr George Chackacherry, Scientist, CWRDM presented various papers in the workshop.

Farmers’ Seminar on Drip fertigation at Alapuzha, Thrissur and Kozhikode in coordination with Department of Agriculture on 21st, 22nd and 27th May 2014, respectively.

The Orientation Programme on Integrated Water Resources Management with special reference to Energy was organised at the Banquet Hall, Government Guest House, Thiruvananthapuram, on 22 March 2014 – International Water Day. Shir K M Chandrasekhar, Vice Chairman, State Planning Board, inaugurated. Dr N B Narasimha Prasad, Executive Director, presided over. Dr K K Ramachandran, Member Secretary, KSCSTE, and Shri K K Karuppankutty, Chief Engineer, KSEB, felicitated. Shri K K Karuppankutty, Shri G Anil, Head, Small Hydropower Division, Energy Management Centre, Dr George Abe, Head, CWRDM Sub Centre, Kottayam, Dr P S Harikumar, Head, Water Quality Division, CWRDM, and Dr George Chackacherry, Head, CWRDM Sub Centre, Trivandrum, made presentations.

During the panel discussion in the afternoon Dr P N Premachandran, Director, Soil Survey and Soil Conservation Department, Shri Subhash Chandran Bose, Director, CCDU, and Dr M Jayaraju, Director, ANERT, were the panelists. A total of 124 senior officials representing various Departments and Agencies attended.

Environmental Studies Division co-ordinated the World Environment Day Celebration of this year on 5th June 2014 at CWRDM. The programme consisted of (a) Quiz for High school students, essay and water colour painting competition for UP and High School Students from 12 selected Schools of Kozhikode and (b) Tree planting activity in CWRDM campus by the staff

members. A lecture on the topic ‘Small Islands and Climate change’,being the theme of this year was delivered by Prof (Dr.) G.S.L.H.V Prasada Rao, Consultant Professor, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thrissur.

Preparation of the water safety plan for Kerala state

International Year of Water Co operation 2013 1. Reuse of abandoned rain water harvesting structures There are so many abandoned rain water harvesting structures in Kerala which is not being used and is in abandoned state.

The project, “Programme for Conserving and Managing the Water Resources of Kerala as part of International Year of Water Cooperation” funded by Environment Department, Government of Kerala made an inventory of the abandoned RWHs in selected panchayaths in each district and had inetiated action for its cleaning. Monitoring of water quality was also done which will help the community to reuse the RWHs through proper awareness programmes.

As a part of this programme, CWRDM renovated two abandoned Rain Water Harvesting Structures in Thiruvarppu Grama Panchayath - Kottayam and Kuttikatoor Govt.

Higher Secondary School-Calicut. The renovation works at these sites include: § Refitting of the inflow pipe and water tap

Shri K M Chandrasekhar, Vice Chairman, State Planning Board, inaugurates the orientation programme on IWRM at Thiruvananthapuram on 22 March 2014. Dr George Chackacherry, Scientist, CWRDM, Dr K K Karuppankutty, Chief Engineer, KSEB, Dr N B Narasimha Prasad, Executive Director, CWRDM, Dr K K Ramachandran, Member Secretary, KSCSTE, and Smt N Suvarnakumari, Scientist, CWRDM, are also seen. (right). Aview of the audience.

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

Pond at Juvenile Home before renovation § Inside and outside cleaning and painting of the tank § Cleaning the surroundings of the tank 2. Renovation of Existing wells/ponds The selected public wells were renovated in selected local bodies by providing basement, aprons around the well and also by periodic cleaning. When there is limited space between the base of the pit and the water table, the use of sand envelops around the base and sides of the pit had also been attempted.

Better sanitation method was attempted during the pilot project to prevent leakage from sanitary latrines to the nearby groundwater sources. The other options included prevention and control of sewer leakage, surface water management and management of open drains.

Pond at Juvenile Home after renovation With regard to the renovation of the existing wells, six wells have been renovated in different panchayaths in Kozhikode, Ernakulam and Kottayam Districts. A large number of people use the renovated wells for drinking and other domestic purposes.

The premises of the wells were cleaned, plants inside the well and tree branches outside the well were cut down and silt was removed. Provided fencing around the well. The well was sanitized using bleaching powder. Plastering was done; surface was painted and net was provided.

As part of the programme two ponds were renovated which are a pond (drinking water supply source) of the Juvenile Home at Poolakkadavu, Kozhikode and Aniputhram, Ernakulam.

3. Ecological Restoration of Mampuzha River The study has been under taken by CWRDM for Ecological Restoration of Mampuzha River under Special Development Fund of Adv. PTA Rahim, MLA, Kunnamangalam. The project was launched on 24-10-2013.

For the protection of the Mampuzha River “Water Squad” was formed and a workshop was also conducted as part of the Ecological restoration of Mampuzha river.

The details of the renovation work done include: § Removal of silt from the pond § Reconstruction of the damaged steps to the pond § Construction and painting of a protection wall at boundary of the pond

River water and sediment samples were collected during pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon and analysed for various physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters.

The results of analysis indicates deterioration of water quality towards downstream. The water samples were found

Water Literacy Programme Conducted at Kuzhupilli Grama Panchyath

Community Well Renovated in Kuzhupilli Panchayth, Ernalulam District

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

to be polluted towards downstream with respect to chloride, total hardness, chemical oxygen demand etc. Heavy metals like lead, nickel and cadmium were found to be heavily polluted for the sediment samples collected under the Kaduppini and Mankav bridge.

For bio-fencing, survey work in four wards of Peruvayal Panchayat was carried out. Under Information Education and Communication Programme, action has been initiated for the installation of sign boards in three Panchayats along the banks of Mampuzha river. As part of the Sanitation Programme,construction work of two toilets at Olavanna grama Panchayat is in progress.

4. Workshop on Water Awareness Programme at Peruvayal Panchayat A workshop was organized as part of the project Ecological Restoration of Mampuzha River under its IEC activities.

The workshop was organized as part of inaugurated by Adv. PTA Rahim, MLA Kunnamangalam, on 30-05-2014. Smt. Subitha Thottamcherry, President Peruvayal Gram Panchayat presided over the function. Dr. P.S Harikumar, Head, Water Quality Division, CWRDM, welcomed the gathering. Shri Pothath Muhammed, Vice President Peruvayal Gram Panchayat, Shri. TKA Azeez, President Mampuzha Protection Committee felicitated the function.

Dr. Madhavan Komath proposed the vote of thanks.

The workshop was conducted as part of ongoing project on Ecological restoration of Mampuzha river. During the technical session Dr. P.S Harikumar, Head, Water Quality Division, CWRDM presented a paper on Challenges faced by Kerala Rivers and Remedial measures. Dr. V.P Raveendran, Scientist, KFRI delivered a talk on biofencing techniques using bamboo. During the discussion part ward members and Mampuzha protection committee members actively participated. More than 100 participants attended the programme.

Radio Programmes Abdul Hameed E, Talk on the topic “Bhu jala sambathum kinar samrakshanavum”(Science of getting drinking water while digging well and proper maintenance of well), All India Radio Calicut, 11 April 2014

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Adv. PTA Rahim, MLA, inaugurating the Workshop at Peruvayal grama panchayat

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TV Telecast Dr George Chackacherry, Head, Sub Centre, performed as one of the three resource persons in the ‘Arogyakeralam’ programme telecast by Doordarsan on 15 January 2014 sponsored by the National Rural Health Mission

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Ajay Kumar B, Girish Gopinath and Shylesh Chandran M S (2014). River Sinuosity using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System in a Humid Tropical River Basin, South West Coast of India, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, Springer, Vol 7 (5), pp 1763-1772, DOI: 10.1007/s12517-013-0864-y Drissia T K, Dinil Sony C, Anitha A B (2014). Variation of reference evapotranspiration and the climatic parameters in humid tropics, International Journal of Earth Science and Engineering, Vol 7, No 1, pp 147-154 George Abe, and James E J (2014) Changes in streamflow regime due to anthropogenic regulations in the humid tropical Western Ghats” Journal of Mountain Sciences,Springer, DOI 10.1007/s11629-013-2764-8 George Abe, Unnikrishnan T S and Daliya K K (2014).

Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques for Micro Level Water Resources Planning of an Urban Area in the Humid Tropics, Central Kerala, India, International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, ISSN 09745904, Volume 06, No. 06, pp 1736-1741 Girish Gopinath, Swetha T V and Ashitha M K (2014).

Geospatial Technology for automated extraction of watershed boundary and drainage network from SRTM and comparison with Survey of India toposheet, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, Springer, Vol 7 (7), pp 26252632, DOI 10.1007/s12517-013-0919-0 Girish Gopinath, Shahul Hameed, Pragaht M, Asitha M K and P Seralathan (2014). Seasonal groundwater chemistry along coastal and inland aquifers of Tuticorin District, Tamil Nadu, India, International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Special issue on International Conference on Advances in Water Resources Development And Management, Vol.7 (1), pp.381-386, ISSN:0974-5904 Girish Gopinath, Swetha T V and Ashitha M K (2014).

Elicitation of Erosional Signature of a Tropical River Basin with High Resolution Stereo Data, Journal of Applied Geomatics, Springer DOI: 10.1007/s12518014-0127-y Harikumar P S, R Deepak and A R Sabitha (2014). Water Quality Assessment of Valapattanam River Basin in Kerala, India, using Macro-Invertebrates as Biological Indicators, The Open Environmental & Biological Monitoring Journal, 6, 1-9 Harikumar P S, K. Jesitha, T Megha and Kamalakshan Kokkal (2014). Persistence of endosulfan in selected areas of Kasaragod district, Kerala, Current Science, Vol. 106

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Jayakumar M, Surendran U and Manickasundaram P (2014). Drip fertigation effects on yield, nutrient uptake and soil fertility of Bt Cotton in semi arid tropics.

International Journal of Plant Production 8 (3) : 375-390 Manjusha C M, P U Megha and P S Harikumar (2014).

Isolation and Characterisation of Total Streptocci and Faecal Streptococci from Kuppam river basin in South west coast of India, Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci, 3(3): 164-175 Marimuthu S, Surendran U and Subbian P (2014).

Productivity, nutrient uptake and post-harvest soil fertility as influenced by cotton-based cropping system with integrated nutrient management practices in semiarid tropics, Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, Taylor & Francis Publishers. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/ 03650340.2013.771259 Musthafa Odayooth Mavukkandy, Subhankar Karmakar and Harikumar P S (2014) Assessment and rationalization of water quality monitoring network: a multivariate statistical approach to the Kabbini River (India), Environ Sci Pollut Res, DOI 10.1007/s11356014-3000-y, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Surendran U, Sushanth C M, George Mammen, and Joseph E J (2014). Modelling the impacts of increase in temperature on irrigation water requirements in Palakkad district – a case study in humid tropical Kerala.

Accepted in Journal of Water and Climate Change, International Water Association (IWA) Publishers. doi:10.2166/wcc.2014.108

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Abdul Hameed E, Arun P R, Narasimha Prasad N B (2014). Impact on groundwater table due to construction of a vented weir across a seasonal stream in northern Kerala-a case study. Proceedings of the International Symposium on ‘Integrated Water Resources Management’ Vol-1 pp 258-263,Allied Publishers Pvt Ltd ‘New Delhi Abdulla P K, Dinil Sony C and Anitha A B, (2014).

Manual Dredging of a Minor Port in Northern Malaba, Proceedings of the National Conference on Changing Climatic Scenario and Sustainable Resources Management at NSS College of Engineering , Palakkad on January 17-19, 2014 Abdulla P K, Dinil Sony C, Chandran Kolappadan, P C Rajeev and M T Anil Kumar(2014). Impact of Manual Dredging of Minor Port at Ponnani In Kerala, Southwest India, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management at CWRDM, Kozhikode, February 19-21, 2014 Ajith G Nair, Girish Gopinath and V.V Vijitha (2014 ).

Significance of Morphmetric analysis in understanding runoff potential in two minor river basins, South West India, Proceedings of International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM2014) , February 19-21,2014, Vol.2, pp 1293-1304, ISBN:978-81-8424-907-1

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Ambili G. K., Madhava Chandran, K., Zabeera, K. T. and Anju, K. K. (2014). Performance evaluation for water management in a minor irrigation system. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM-2014), 19-21 February 2014, CWRDM, Kozhikode: 1023 -1028 Aneesh V, Gandhi J, Arun P R and Narasimha Prasad N B (2014) “Groundwater Development Prospects in a Highland Administrative Unit, Thrissur District, Kerala” Proceedings of the International Symposium on ‘Integrated Water Resources Management’, CWRDM, Kozhikode, Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, v.1, pp 208-214 Anitha A B, Ms Devipriya, Drissia T K and Karthika Gopal(2014). Modelling of Soil Erosion using Geographical Information System for Sustainable Land Management, Proceedings of the National Conference on Changing Climatic Scenario and Sustainable Resources Management at NSS College of Engineering , Palakkad on January 17-19, 2014 Anitha A B, Shahul Hameed A and Narasimha Prasad N B (2014). Integrated River Basin Master Plan for Chaliyar, Proceedings of the International Symposium on ‘Integrated Water Resources Management’, CWRDM, Kozhikode, Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, v.1, pp 167-176 Anusha C K and Girish Gopinath (2014). Monitoring of Water Stress using MODIS derived Normallized Difference Vegetation Index, Proceedings of International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM-2014) , February 19-21,2014, Vol.2, pp 1272-1279, ISBN:978-81-8424-907-1 Anusha C.K. and Girish Gopinath (2014). Assessment and Near Real Time Monitoring of Water Stress Condition of Vegetation using Geospatial Technology in Northern Region of Kerala State, 26th Kerala Science Congress - 28th to 31st January 2014 at Kerala Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Pookode, pp 1716-1723 Ashitha M K, Rajeesh U, Pragath M, Girish Gopinath, Surendran U, C Unnikrishnan Warrier (2014). PhysicoChemical and Textural Characteristics of Kodai Lake Sediments, Proceedings of International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM2014), February 19-21,2014,Vol.2, pp 557-562, ISBN: 978-81-8424-906-4 Bina Jose, Mohammed Koya, A. P., Deepa, V.J., Vidhya, C. and Sindhu, I. A. (2014). Attitude of farmers towards drip irrigation. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM-2014), 19-21 February 2014, CWRDM, Kozhikode: 851- 856 Bindu K B, Jaypal G and Anitha A B (2014).

Hydogeomorphological Study of Kadalundi River Basin in Kerala, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management at CWRDM, Kozhikode, February 19-21, 2014

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Celine George (2014). Temporal variation of reference evapotranspiration in Achencoil river basin, Kerala” Proceedings of National Conference on Changing Climatic Scenario and Sustainable Resource Management (CSSR 2014), 17-19 January 2014, NSS College of Engineering, Palakkad, Kerala, pp 76-81 Celine George (2014). Water Balance computation using SWAT for a data scarce region in a monsoon-driven environment, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM-2014), February 19-21, 2014, CWRDM, Kozhikode, Kerala, India. Pp 141-149 Dalmiya Candace Denzil, Ashitha M K and Girish Gopinath (2014). Morphological analysis of a Coastal Wetland, Kerala Proceedings of ‘National Seminar on Lakes, Rivers and Wetland Ecosystems-A climate Change Perspective (WETCLIMATE 2014) on 19-21 March 2014, pp. 155-165 Dinesan V P and Manasa P S (2014). Long term Spatial and Temporal Rainfall trend in Wayanad district of Kerala, Proceedings of International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM2014) , February 19-21,2014 ; pp 37-48 Drissia T K, Shabeer A and Geetha C (2014). Variation of Rainfall structure in Bharathapuzha River Basin, Proceedings of the National Conference on Changing Climatic Scenario and Sustainable Resources Management at NSS College of Engineering , Palakkad on January 17-19, 2014 Drissia T K, Shabeer A, Geetha C and Dinil Sony C (2014).Annual and Seasonal Trends of Rainfall in the Humid Tropics of Kerala, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management at CWRDM, Kozhikode, February 19-21, 2014 Geethu Krishna V., Preethi, Arun P R and Narasimha Prasad N B (2014). Evaluation of Groundwater Development Prospects in a Midland Region of Central Kerala, Proceedings of the International Symposium on ‘Integrated Water Resources Management’, CWRDM, Kozhikode, Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, v.1, pp 202-207 George Abe (2014) Inter-basin water transfer within Kerala State- A case study of Periyar-Muvattupuzha river system, Proceedings of the one day workshop on Interstate rivers and interbasin transfers, Current status in Kerala, 11 February 2014, pp 54-66 George Chackacherry (2014). Vembanad-kol Ramsar Wetland in Kerala, India: Balancing Conservation and Agriculture, in Proceedings: Workshop on Wetland Governance in South Asia: Status, Issues, and Future Directions, Bhubaneshwar, January 2014 George.Chackacherry (2014). Unscientific Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste and Threatsto Water Resources in Kerala, in Integrated Water Resources Management, Volume 1, (ed) Narasimha Prasad et al. 2014. Allied Publishers. Pp 685 – 688

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George Chackacherry (2014). Conservation of Water: Socio-Political Perspectives, Water Day Seminar held at Thiruvananthapuram, March 2014 Girish Gopinath, Resmi T R., Praveenbabu M., Shahul Hameed A., Sunil P S and Rahul Rawat (2014).

Chemistry of a Polar Lake - The Larsemann Hills in Antarctica, Proceedings of International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM2014), February 19-21,2014,Vol.1 pp 745-751, ISBN:978-81-8424-906-4 Girish Gopinath, Resmi T R., Praveenbabu M., Shahul Hameed A., Sunil P S and Rahul Rawat (2014). Ionic Composition of a High Altitude Lake - The Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica, Proceedings of International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM-2014) , February 19-21,2014,Vol. 1, pp 717-722, ISBN:978-81-8424-906-4 Jalaja T. K, Kavya Vijayaraj, Remyasree P.R., Digilarani M and Sreevallabhan S.(2014) Efficacy of Arthrobacter sp and Bacillus sp isolated from wetland rhizosphere on Lycopersicon esculentum and Solanum melongena.

Proc. International symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM 2014), 19-21 February 2014, CWRDM, Kunnamangalam, Kozhikode Madhava Chandran, K., Sushanth, C.M., Ranju Rajendran and Athulya, A. K. (2014). Performance of Malampuzha irrigation project - An empirical evaluation.

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM-2014), 19-21 February 2014, CWRDM, Kozhikode: 857- 861 Neenu K, Anoop R, Sukanya J Nair and Drissia T K (2014). Hydro morphological study of selected river basin in South Kerala, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management at CWRDM, Kozhikode, February 19-21, 2014 Pragath M, Girish Gopinath, Shahul Hameed A (2014).

Evaluation of Groundwater Quality along the Thamirabarani Deltaic Region, Tuticorin District, Tamilnadu, Proceedings of International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM2014) , February 19-21,2014, Vol.1, pp 477-482, ISBN:978-81-8424-906-4 Priju C P, Karthick P, Kumar A, Abdul Hameed E, Madhavan K and Narasimha Prasad N B (2014). Electrical Resistivity Sounding and Hydrochemical Investigation for Delineating Saline Water Intrusion in Shallow Aquifers of Ernakulam-Alappuzha Coast, Proceedings of the International Symposium on ‘Integrated Water Resources Management’, CWRDM, Kozhikode, Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, v.1, pp 48-57 Priju C P, Ramisha N, Neerajamol T P, Madhavan K and Narasimha Prasad N B (2014). Geomorphological Factors of Coastal Groundwater Salinity in Central Kerala: Integrated Hydrochemical-Geospatial Approach, Proceedings of the International Symposium on ‘Integrated Water Resources Management’, CWRDM, Kozhikode, Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, v.2, pp 1253-1262

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Priju C.P., Neerajamol T.P., Ramisha N., Madhavan K.and Narasimha Prasad N.B.(2014) Groundwater Quality in shallow Coastal Aquifers of Central Kerala: Natural and Anthropogenic Factors, Proceedings of the International Symposium on ‘Environmental Management and Current practices in Mining & Allied Industries (EMPM 2014), IIT (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, pp.366-379 Priya Philip, Nimiya Baby, Ashwathi V K and Drissia T K (2014). Morphometric analysis of Kallada & Pallikkal river basins of Kerala, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management at CWRDM, Kozhikode, February 19-21, 2014 Rajeesh U, Pragath M, Girish Gopinath, Surendran U, C Unnikrishnan Warrier (2014). Elucidation of PhysicoChemical Parameters and Nutrient Load of Sediments in Pookot Lake, Wayanad, Proceedings of International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM-2014) , February 19-21,2014, Vol.1, pp 731-737, ISBN:978-81-8424-906-4 Reshma Antony, Abdulla P K and Dinil Sony C(2014).

‘Impact of Sand Mining to the Islands in Purathoor estuary in Bharathapuzha basin, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management at CWRDM, Kozhikode, February 19-21, 2014 Resmi T R and Jacob Chacko, (2014). Multivariate correlations of heavy metal binding phases in varied aquatic environments. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM–2014) February 19–21, 2014, CWRDM, Kozhikode, Kerala, India. Pp.509-519 Sakeer S, Kurian Sajan, Girish Gopinath, Reji Srinivas and Rajesh Reghunath (2014). A geospatial Approach for the demarcation of Groundwater Prospect Zones in Karamana River Basin, Proceedings of International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM-2014) , February 19-21,2014, Vol.2, pp 13321339, ISBN:978-81-8424-907-1 Shahul Hameed A, Resmi T R, Deshpande R D, Praveen Babu M and Sudheesh M. (2014). Spatio-temporal variation of stable isotopes in precipitation and ground level vapour in Kerala. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM–2014) February 19–21, 2014, CWRDM, Kozhikode, Kerala, India. pp. 26-36.

Sherjeena A, Dinesan V P and Rakhi C(2014).

Morphometric Parameters and their Hydrologic Response – A case study for Kariangode River Basin in Northern Kerala, Proceedings of International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM-2014) , February 19-21,2014; pp 1203-1211 Suraj S, Resmi T R and Shahul Hameed A (2014).

Evaluation of groundwater chemistry of shallow aquifers of Malabar region, Kerala with respect to physiography.

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM–2014) February 19–21, 2014, CWRDM, Kozhikode, Kerala, India. pp.363-372

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Swetha T. V., Ashitha M. K. and Girish Gopinath (2014).

A Geospatial Approach for Identification of Groundwater Prospect Zones in Kuttiyadi River Basin, Northern Kerala, 26th Kerala Science Congress - 28th to 31st January 2014 at Kerala Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Pookode, pp 1740-1746 U.Surendran, C.Lintu Maria, V.Sundararajan and E.J. Joseph (2014). Soil properties changes as influenced by erosion in humid tropical Kerala, India. In Proc. of International Conference on Environmental Earth Sciences: Accomplishments, Plans and Challenges, 101-102 U.Surendran, C.M.Sushanth, George Mammen, and E.J.Joseph (2014). Crop Water Requirement Using FAOCROPWAT Model and Assessment of Water Resources for Sustainable Water Resource Management in Kozhikode District of Humid Tropical Kerala, India, Proceedings of International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM-2014) , February 19-21,2014,Vol.2, pp 894-902, ISBN:978-81-8424-906-4 Unnikrishnan Warrier, C., Praveen Babu, M (2014).

Stable isotope variations in daily rainfall at Kozhikode, Kerala, India. Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental Earth Sciences Accomplishments Plans and Challenges 19-22 2014 Department of Geology and Applied Geology, University of Madras Chennai Abs. Vol. pp-48-49

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Dinesan V P and E J Joseph (2014) ‘Integrated Drainage Improvement Plan for facilitating Sustainable Farming Activities in Veliyannur Chally Padasekharam, Kozhikode District’. Report submitted to Panthalayani Block Panchayat.

P S Harikumar, Madhavan K, George Abe, Shiji M, Environmental Monitoring Programme for Kerala StateWater Quality 2014 submitted to KSCSTE Dr George Chackacherry, Dr P S Harikumar and Dr V P Dinesan, Preparation of a Detailed Report on Vellayani Wetland submitted the report to Environment Department and Directorate of Environment and Climate Change, Govt of Kerala P S Harikumar A study to assess the Impact on the Ecological Quality of Ashtamudi Lake and Canoli Canal submitted to KSUDP, Thiruvnathapuram P S Harikumar and Dr K Madhavan “Environmental monitoring of IISER construction site at Vidhura” report submitted to IISER A total number of 1450 water analysis reports (Mobile Water Analysis Laboratory) had been submitted to various grama panchayths such as Kodiyathur, Thiruvmapady, Mavoor, Olavanna, Peruvayal, Vijayapuram, Permunna, Pumeri, Kuttiyadi, Muttil, meladi, Vellamunda,Cherode, Edacherry, Onchioum, Mullankolly, Kottathara, Atholi, Madayi etc and various wards coming under Kozhikode Corporation and Neyyattinkara Municipality.

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Draft final report of ‘Assessment of Impact of Inland Vessels on the Water Quality in Vembanad Lake’ submitted to Port Department, Government of Kerala.

Performance evaluation of selected minor irrigation projects in Kerala (Project Final treport) A report on the Environmental issues related to extraction of soil from Survey No.316/1, Block No.32 at Aluva East Village”, submitted to the district collector, Ernakulam on 20 March 2014.

A Report submitted to District Collector, Ernakulam on Environmental issues related to soil extraction in Sy.No. 197/11, 16, 2 of Aikaranad South.

Staff Retirement Ms. Jameela K P, Typist, retired from service on 30-06-2014

GUIDANCE IN DISSERTATIONS AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING Mr. Abdulla P K l Mr Arun Raj N for his project ‘Tidal propagation and salinity intrusion in Valapattanam river, Kerala’ for the award of M Tech degree by Visveswaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur during December 2013 to April 2014

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N B Narasimha Prasad, Harikumar P S, Joseph E J, Girish Gopinath, Surendran U, Resmi T R and Ambili G.K (2014). Integrated Water Resources Management, Proccedings of International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM 2014) Allied Publishes, New Delhi,Vol. I, pp 01-808, ISBN:978-818424-906-4 N B Narasimha Prasad, Harikumar P S, Joseph E J, Girish Gopinath, Surendran U, Resmi T R and Ambili G.K (2014). Integrated Water Resources Management, Proceedings of International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM 2014) Allied Publishes, New Delhi, Vol. II, pp 809-1370, ISBN:97881-8424-907-1 N B Narasimha Prasad, Harikumar P S, Joseph E J, Girish Gopinath, Surendran U, Resmi T R and Ambili G.K (2014). Integrated Water Resources Management, Special Volume of Post proceedings of International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM 2014), Excel Publishers, New Delhi, p131, ISBN: 978-93-83842-51-3 Dinesan V P (2014). ‘World Water Day- Relevance and Its Mission’(2014) Kerala Calling, Published by Information and Public Relations Department on behalf of Govt. of Kerala , April 2014,Vol-34, pp25 – 29.

Prepared a Trainee Directory comprising the details of participants attended the training courses conducted under WRMTP for the period from 2002 to 2014.

Prepared and printed 500 copies of WRMTP Training calendar for the year 2014-15 and sent to the Departments/ Agencies.

Proceedings of One-day Workshop on ‘Interstate Rivers and Inter Basin Transfers: Current Status in Kerala’, conducted at CWRDM, Kozhikode 11 February 2014 Abdul Hameed E (2014) “Neeruravakal”(Springs) ‘Sasthra Keralam’ Science Monthly, Vol. 519, pp16-19, January2014 Abdul Hameed E (2014) “Thanneerthadangal” (Wetlands) ‘Sasthra Keralam’ Science Monthly, Vol 520, pp12-14 February 2014

Ms. Ambili G K l Guided two M Tech students from Sam Higginbotoms Institute of Agriculture and Kelapaji College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology for dissertation Dr. Anitha A B Ms Amritha Thankachan, for her project ‘System Simulation for Water Resources Schemes in Kuttiyadi River Basin Kerala, for the award of M Tech degree by School of Civil Engineering, Karunya University, Coimbatore during December 2013 to April 2014 l Ms Vidhya Velayudhan for her project ‘Performance Evaluation of Kakkodi Branch Command of Kuttiadi Irrigation Project in Kerala’ for the award of M Tech degree by Visveswaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur during December 2013 to April 2014 l

Dr. Arun P R l Mr. Raja S., Department of Geography, School of Geosciences, Bharathidasan University, Thiruchirapalli, for his dissertation project titled “Assessment of Groundwater Conditions in Chittar Watershed, Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala” l Mr. Pratap S., Department of Geography, School of Geosciences, Bharathidasan University, Thiruchirapalli, for his dissertation project titled “Groundwater Development Prospects of Kottur Watershed, Karamana River Basin, Southern Kerala” l Ms. Chinchu Thankachan, MSc Applied Geology and Geoinformatics, Central University of Karnataka, Gulbarga for her dissertation project “Hydrogeological Evaluation of Kodoor Watershed, Kottayam, Kerala” l Mr. Pranav E.P., MSc Applied Geology and Geoinformatics, Central University of Karnataka, Gulbarga for his dissertation project “Hydrogeological Characteristics of Punoorpuzha River Basin, Kozhikode, Kerala” l Mr. Deepak P.M. M.Tech Student, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Thiruvananthapuram, for his one month internship on the topic “River ordering using GIS”

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

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Mr. Nishin Moidu and Mr. Jewel John, M.Sc. Applied Geology Student, Department of Geology, Anna University, Chennai, for his one month internship.

Dr. Dinesan V P Ms. Aswathi Anil P and Ms. Nafeesa E K, M.Tech (RS & GIS) Students of NIT Karnataka was undergone Practical Training during the period between 19th May and 11th July 2014

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Mr. Abhijith S and Mr. Arun A, worked as an Internship Trainee for Integrated M.Sc Geology, Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar- 608002,Tamilnadu, India, during 2nd June to 30th June 2014.

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Mr. Dinil Sony C l Ms Jisha J for her project ‘Rapid EIA due to Manual Dredging of Sand from the Port limits of Munambam/ Kodungallur, Kerala’ for the award of M Tech degree by Visveswaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur during December 2013 to April 2014 Ms. Drissia T K Ms Rishma C for her project ‘Long Term Effects of Landuse and Land Cover changes on Stream Flow – A Case Study of Bharathapuzha River Basin in Kerala’ for the award of M Tech degree by Visveswaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur during December 2013 to April 2014 l Ms Aparna P, Nigee K and Shimna P from National Institute of Technology, Surathkal for their industrial training ‘Quantitative Analysis of Geomorphology and Flow Pattern Using Geographical Information System’ as a part of their M Tech Course during 15-5-2014 to 30-06- 2014 l

Dr. George Abe l Ms Athira Murali (M.Sc-Applied Geology and Geoinformatics) thesis titled “ Land use and river flow characteristics in land and midland regions of Meenachil river basin, Kottayam, Kerala (combinedly guided by Dr. George Abe and Dr. Arun P R) l Ms Reshma T Mohan, School of Earth Sciences, Central University, Karnataka for the M Sc Summer Research Programme Dr. Girish Gopinath l Ms. Lemoon Kuriachan, M. Tech in Integrated Water Resources Management in Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu (November 2013- April 2014). l Ms. Dalmiya Candace Denzil, M Sc. in Geoinformatics in Mangalore University, Konaje, Mangalore, during Decameter 2013- April 2014. l Mr.Adarsh P Cherugad, M Sc. in Geoinformatics in Mangalore University, Konaje, Mangalore, during Decameter 2013- April 2014. l Ms. Baghaysrre S, Master of Science in Geology, Govt.

College Kasaragod, during 9th May to June 30th 2014. l Mr. Aneesudheen A Z, worked as an Internship Trainee for M.Sc Geology, Department of Earth Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa-403206 during 20th May to 20th June 2014

Dr. Harikumar P S l Bindu K.R, Water Quality and Sediment Core Monitoring of Kavvayi Wetland System in Northern Kerala, Cochin University of Science and Technology l Nimisha K.M, A Study on the Biodegradation of Endosulfan by Entrapped Pseudomonas flourescens sp, Cochin University of Science and Technology l Vishnupriya C.V, ‘Removal of Heavy Metals by NanoPhytoremediation and Using Lichens’., Cochin University of Science and Technology l Manju.P P, Removal of Endosulfan from Contaminated Soil by Nano-Phytoremediation Techniques, St. Berchman’s College, Changanacherry l Anjaly P, Study on the Physico-chemical and Biological Characteristics of Kuppam and Karuvannur River Basins, St. Berchman’s College, Changanacherry Dr. Jalaja T K Akhila C.V., M.Sc. Microbiology student of Pazhassiraja College, Pulpally, Wayanad during March to June 2014. l Anu Paul, M.Sc. Microbiology student of Pazhassiraja College, Pulpally, Wayanad during March to June 2014. l Ranjini K, M.Sc. Microbiology student of Pazhassiraja College, Pulpally, Wayanad during March to June 2014. l

Mr. Jayakumar P l Guided Remya E K, student of M.Sc. Environmental Science, of Kannur University during January to May 2014.

Dr. Pradeep Kumar P K Guided four Graduate (Physics) students of Calicut University (St. Joseph’s College, Devagiri) for their project work

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Dr. Priju C P M.Sc. Student Mr. P.K.Dasarathy, Department of Geography, School of Geosciences, Bharathidasan University, Thiruchirapalli, for dissertation Project titled “A study on groundwater quality in shallow aquifers of Kole Land basin area, central Kerala coast” l M.Sc. Student Mr. K.Karthik, Department of Geography, School of Geosciences, Bharathidasan University, Thiruchirapalli, for dissertation Project titled “A study on saltwater intrusion in shallow coastal aquifers of Bharathapuzha river basin, central Kerala” l M.Sc. Geology student (Mr.Gaius T.J.) from Dept. of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University for internship training. l

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

Dr. Resmi T R Guided Ms. Hridya Jayan, MAMO College, Manassery, l for the dissertation work of the Masters Degree in Physics. l Guided Ms. Fasna C M, PSMO College, Malappuram, for the dissertation work of the Masters Degree in Chemistry.

TIFAC, DST to Dr.U.Surendran, which is a international collaborative research program with IIASA, Austria, IRMA, Gujarat and NIH, Roorkee under India –Austria program, by which CWRDM has become the active research partner with the International Institute of applied system analysis (IIASA), Austria.

Dr. Shahul Hameed A l Guided Ms. Shaheera K K, MAMO College, Manassery, for the dissertation work of the Masters Degree in Physics. l Guided Ms. Jasiath M K, PSMO College, Malappuram, for the dissertation work of the Masters Degree in Chemistry.

Dr. Unnikrishnan Warrier C l Guided Ms. Jincy, C. P. Dept. of Geology, Central University of Karnataka, Gulbarga, for the dissertation work of the Masters Degree in Geology. l Guided Ms. Sherin Shahana, Dept. of Geology, Central University of Karnataka, Gulbarga, for the dissertation work of the Masters Degree in Geology. l Guided Ms. Soniya A. M. Dept. of Physics, M A M O College, Manassery, for the dissertation work of the Masters Degree in Physics. l Guided Ms. Miss. Jisna Rahman, Dept. of Physics, M A M O College Manassery, for the dissertation work of the Masters Degree in Physics.

ANY OTHER NEWS l A project entitled “Sustaining and Improving Rural Livelihoods through Adaptive Approaches to Land, Soil Nutrient and Water Management” has been awarded by

Shri Radheshyam Julania, Principal Secretary, Water Resources Department of Madhya Pradesh; Executive Director, CWRDM and others at Study Steering Committee (SSC) and review meeting of at TIFAC at CWRDM held on 30th January 2014 l

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In soil based plant nutrient management plan for agro ecosystem project, efforts were taken to include CWRDM in the consortia of research institutes and based on this CWRDM joined the consortia of research institutes such as Kerala Agricultural University, NBSSLUP, CTCRI, IISR, CPCRI, CESS, RRII, ICRI, IIITM-K funded by Department of Agriculture, monitored by State Planning Board.

UNICEF has sanctioned a project on Fluoride Mapping in Palakkad Region including Attapaddy and Mitigation Methods for the Removal of Fluoride

REPORT ON INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM IWRM - 2014 19 to 21 February 2014, CWRDM, Kozhikode, Kerala Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (CWRDM) organized the International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM-2014), during 19 to 21 February, 2014, in CWRDM campus, Kozhikode, Kerala, India, in association with UNICEF; UNDP-India; McMaster University, Canada; National Institute of Hydrology NIH), Roorkee; Karnataka Environment Research Foundation; Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), New Delhi; National Remote Sensing Centre, Hyderabad; and National Institute of Engineering, Mysore. The event was supported financially by

UNDP-India, UNICEF, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India, Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment (KSCSTE) and Indian Bank. The Symposium included Keynote and invited lectures apart from paper presentations from emin en t acad emician s , scientists/researchers and research scholars on various aspects of IWRM. The Symposium was inaugurated by the Honora-

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CWRDM Newsletter January-June 2014

ble Chief Minister of Kerala, Mr Oommen Chandy on 19 morning. In his inaugural speech, he emphasized the need for adopting the principles of IWRM in addressing the issues in the water sector. He also advised that integration and sustainability are the key aspects of IWRM and this can be achieved only through coordinated efforts of various s t a k e h o l d e r s . D r. P Rajendran, Vice Chancellor, Kerala Agricultural University, was the Chief Guest of the function. Dr. N B Narasimha Prasad, Executive Director, CWRDM, presided over the inaugural function.

Proceedings volume of the Symposium and the CD of the abstracts were also released during the occasion. Dr. E J James, Vice Chancellor, Karunya University, Coimbatore; Dr. Rajasekhara Murthy, Sr. Scientist, Centre for Inland Waters, Canada and Dr. Clarence Maloney, International Consultant in IWRM, delivered the felicitation speeches.

Scientists of CWRDM, Dr. P S Harikumar and Dr. E J Joseph, also spoke on the occasion. The inaugural function was followed by keynote lectures by Dr. E J James, Prof.

Carlos Filipe, Mc Master University, Canada and Dr. Satish Kumar, UNICEF. Keynote lectures continued during the morning session on 20 and 21 also, with presentations from Dr. Nikolai Filatov of Northern Water Problems Institute of Russia; Dr. Mikhail Naumenko, Institute of Limnology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Dr. Rajasekhara Murthy.

Water and Environment, 18 in Water Quality and 29 presentations in Agricultural Water Management.

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Technical sessions were not just monologues but vibrant dialogues with active discussions and interaction among the participants.

However, the presentations substantiated that IWRM is still looked at as fragmented bits and parts and the integration is still something that is difficult to be actually implemented. Even so, the symposium provided a forum for exchange of information on the work being done in different disciplines and has also thrown light to need to consider and address the complexities of integration even before trying to implement the IWRM model of water management.

The symposium was not just an intellectual exercise with serious technical discussions, but was interwoven with traditional and modern art forms as well on the lighter side on 19 and 20th evenings. There was also display of products from exhibitors such as Jain Irrigation Ltd., Thermo Fischer Scientific, JCS Services Pvt. Ltd. and Saks Equipments Pvt. Ltd., which were informative to the delegates. th

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The Symposium was well attended with over 280 participants including 205 registered delegates, not just from different disciplines as IWRM demands, but also from different geographic locations across the Globe and thus providing a rich experience and knowledge sharing among the participants. For the ease of organizing, the technical deliberations were held in three parallel sessions and under different themes namely, Advanced Technology in IWRM, Water Society and Governance, Water Quality, Hydrology, Water and Environment and Agricultural Water Management. Most of the technical sessions began with invited lectures delivered by distinguished and learned researchers. Altogether, 131 technical papers were presented, on diverse topics. Theme-wise distribution of papers presented are: 12 in Advanced Technology in IWRM, 21 in Hydrology, 17 in Water, Society and Governance, 34 in

The concluding session on the last day of the Symposium was presided over by Dr. N B Narasimha Prasad, Executive Director, CWRDM. Chief Guest of the valedictory function, Dr. B Ashok, IAS, Vice Chancellor, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, addressed the need for sustainable waste management to improve water quality. Dr. V C Goyal, Senior Scientist, National Institute of Hydrology and Dr. Srinivasan Iyer, Associate Country Director and Head, Energy and Environment Unit, UNDP-India delivered felicitation speeches. Mr. C M Sushanth, Scientist, CWRDM, read out the recommendations formulated on the basis of the technical presentations and discussions.

Scientists of CWRDM, Dr George Chackacherry and Dr. P S Harikumar, spoke on the occasion. The draft recommendation of the symposium is uploaded on the IWRM-2014 website for the delegates and other experts in the field to give their suggestions.

Recommendations of the symposium is uploaded in the website of IWRM 2014 (www.cwrdm-iwrm.org).

ISSN to CWRDM Newsletter CWRDM Newsletter has been registered and assigned with ISSN serial number, which gives our newsletter the recognition by automatic inclusion in the International Serials Directory Database (ISSN, Paris) with a serial number.

Editorial Board: Dr. N B Narasimha Prasad, Dr. T K Jalaja, Dr. Girish Gopinath, Dr. P R Arun, Mr. Abdul Hameed E Printed and Published by Dr. N B Narasimha Prasad, Executive Director i/c, CWRDM, Kozhikode - 673571 Kerala, India. Phone: +91 495 2351800, 01, 02. E-mail: ed@cwrdm.org Website: www.cwrdm.org Designed and Printed by Frontline Communications, Cherooty Nagar Jn., Kozhikode. Phone: 9847001365