January 1990

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Comm·unism ...

The End of an Error

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Ignerance is bliss. And -at no time has it been more obvious - in Tibilisi., Georgi~. The troops OJ?,~ned fire 9n the· unall?ed crqwds _wifh: chemical weapons, -killing many. Men, women, than during these past _months ~ of momentous tulllioil in the Soviet Union.· One would thinl( that the revolutionary changes . and children who ran· into. churches to escape the troops were -, _ ·. . shot ~d killed in the pews. · · that '\re pccuiring iu Eastern Europe and the ~Soviet Republics ·would cra<;k the nut of ignorance in the West. But no such . . The blo~dy . assault by F .M.L~N. terrorists ·in El Salvador . · luck. was ,ma~e possible ,by large shipfilents of $oviet arms sent to . . , _ '. _ L.N. through Cuba and Ntcaragua. th~ F.M._ Western journalists: ·acade~ics and our own State Departmen! art: . caught up ·in _th~ illus~on · tha! ~ik~ail · · Tite S_oviets provide the Marxjst gov~mment of Angola with · · Gorbachev IS a hberahzer who has a moraltmperatlve behtnd billion a year. The famine in Ethiopia, self-induced by it's . $1 hi~ -action~. This trend)s pa~fully opvious~on thec-:campus of · government still receives· Gorbachev's support -. totalitarian ·SUNY Binghamton where Ideological blinders have been thrown over the eyes of those who defend the sgcialist system. · through military aid. . · For example, the January 25 issue of.QEE carried· an,_ article entitle~; "AgaiiJ.st In~asi~ns'':, which ex~mJ?lified the attitQde of - ~ Finally, as. the Wes~ extols Gorbachev for his·, great . the typical Sovtet ·apologist._The author clarms that the changesachievemen~s with -glasnost; let us. keep these facts iri mifld. in the Soviet Union came·about because of the Soviets' respect for "people·'s soverei gnty"-, and that, "the~ ·i n oral example of ·When Article Six of the Soviet constitution( which p roclaims the communist party as the only legitimate force in the ~ .the Soviet U~iOJ?- should~ emulated by the United States."

U .~.S.R~) .~ came up for _discussion last year, Gor~;>achev suppressed any attempt to challenge one·party rule. , In · quickly It would do ag reat deal·of good if those who have praised , ·G orbachev would take .the time to review his past years · in . Novelll:ber of 1989, Gorbachev ordered the removal of the . · · ' office. · editor of an outspoken Soviet journal, who had :previously · · · resisted p~essure to resign. . .

Gorbachev under.

The fin~l years of the Afghanistan war ' " - It _is ironic that the people who author articles like"Against . · were marked by mass ·carnage. The butchers of Kabul receive Invasions" can de·scribe sa vividly as known facts all the coyeri $400 million a month from Moscow, almo~t doubling the $250 million they re.ceivt:~ in years .past . . ~ere st~ll remains mo~e -.horrors of the U .S. government and the murderous CIA; but can still be totally mesmerized by the irinocence and moral military advt sors stationed In KabtJ-1, and In th~ forty ·Sovtet _ have pilots Soviet example of a country whose,seventy-two year history has been direct violation of U.S- Soviet agreemertts, . built on lies, propag~da ~d totalitarian terror. . over Afghanistan~ ...... ,. carried out operations . ,

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In April of 1989, Soviet !rOORS, on . orders- from t~e­ .

-Politburo, were s·e nt to break up ~aceful pro-democracy ralh~s

EXECUTIVE BOAAD· · · Kathryn M. Doherty · Editor-in-Chief Executive Diretor · · Ephraim R. Bernstein Managing Edifor Brian: D. Sullivan Copy Editor Matthew ·Carr Publishing EditorStUart Symons Treasurer . _ Katrina Schwing .

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When thousarlds of Chinese students were mowed down in Beijing

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Here a~e- Yasir Arafat's actual words to Chinese ComrntJnist Party · ·G.eneral Secret~ry Jiang Zemin, translated from the Beijing People's Daily:

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Joseph A. Ro·senthal Richard Carr · Andrew Heintz · Steve Kaplan . . Alexader Arevalo Adam Bromberg John Maggio · Paul Schnier David Lozner Hudson B ronn~r

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Paul G. Scolese Ronald W. E,eagan

Binghamton Review is a non-P!ofit stuoent journal of news, commentary, and analysis published m~mthly. Students at Biligh;unton _ . receive the Review free of charge. · Letters to the editor. are encouraged and should be sent to ·Binghamton Review, ·sUNY-'Binghamton, . P .O. B.ox 2000, . Binghamton, N .Y. 13901 or broJlght to the Binghamton Review office at UU 164.

All submissions to the Review beco~e tlie property of the Review. The Rev-iew res~es the right to ydit_,.and .print any submissionS. A!l opinions exr'J;(;ssed are those of the author . and do not micessanly reflect the opinions of · · the Review. ·

--_ How can a.,yone expect Israel to place its fut·ure in .~- . the hands of those who'· praise wholesale murder?

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Soviet Civii .· War · Reagan Doctrine

by David Lozner Since. ~ 1985, when Mikhail Go:rbachev became the new Soviet leader, drastic _changes havy been overwhelming the Soviet Union and Eastern ~urope. Unprecedented series of events have been sweeping ' through the "Socialis~ Bloc" wiping out the last traces of corrupt, dictatorial one-party rule and liberating some nations from the iron grip of the Soviet.Union. · The · S,tr_u ggle for democrat- ·· · ization, however, has been ari uneven one: 'whereas iri some East European countries the winds of _ change have brought relief through · peaceful demonstrations, in others, like Romania, liberation has been· achieved through a bloody revolution filled with dea'th and destruction.

Nonetheless, whether peacefully-or through armed struggle, the .desired re~ult liberation from Communist ', dictatorship.

Mikhail · Gorbachev has been . observ~ng the withering , awa)' . of Communist hold over Eastern ·Europe with concern and anxiety.·. .

After all, he is the catalyst, the father of these radical events. voicing i~ he Although overwhelming support for the changes, · Gorbachev knows well that the revolution Sweeping through Eastern Europe . is creating unrest · within the Soviet Union.

This unrest has taken the foirn of nationalist upheavals and .

The secessionist movements.

General-Secretary has unleashed a series of challenges with his reforms · which are threatening the core of the system upon which the. Union of the • · Soviet Socialist Republics rests. ·. The nation's economy is no)onger the only criti((al issue concerning the · new Soviet politics. Nationalist · . dissent has emerged as another major· challenge facing · the current leader~hip of the nation. Without internal stability, Gorbachev's _ strategies and tactics of restructuring are doomed to failure.

One of the major issues being tackled by ·the General-Secretary ·is the iildependen_c e drive in the Baltic republics. He is trying to preserve the integrity · ·of the Soviet Upion through personal persuasion. Facing a separatist movement in Lithuania, .

Gorbachev wisely refrained from using force and bas been attempting to handle. .the situation. through Using. peaceful negotiations. exhortations in his attempts, . Gorbachev realizes that violent · repression of the peaceful Lithuanian independence drive would be a tragic . mistake and a deyastating setback for . his fgreign and domestic policies.

The sitUation in the Caucasus is completely different from that of the Baltics. The recent nationalist uprisings in Azerbaijan have been rife·· with ethnic violence, 'q uite different . from the · peaceful movements of the1 Baltics. The cause of the fighting stems from the, dispute over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. The area, which is claimed by both· Azeris and Armenians, h:as been the scene · of bombings, strikes, terrorist acts, and· hostage taking. The smoldering animosities finally ignited into a full blown civil war just a couple o~ weeks ago. _The conflict between ·the Azeris and Armenians ' is the result of long · standing religious, national, and territorial antipathy. This region has long been embroiled in ethnic >

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· violence. Nagomo-Karabakh is an . Christian-Armenian enclave in a sea The of Shi'a Muslim .Azeris. control of the · territory has passed back and forth · between Azeri and · Armenian for ce~turies. · It is curr~ntly governed by Azerbaij_an.

This was arranged by Stalin to help stir up _ethnic animosity and -maintain Soviet influence .over ooth the . republics by keeping them .· fighting with each other, rather than · · · uniting - against · their .~so·viet · · overlords. , The recent fighting between the - · . , Azeris and .the Armenian's has left · many dead, _-towns destroyed, and thousands of refugees. Pogroms of Armenian · residents of Baku, the capital city of Azerbaijan; sparked ·- off this lates.~ episode in .the two year · old eivil war. ·The unrest has reached . a point where local officials are , abandoning · efforts to maintain public order.<· · the to responded Gorbachev unrest~ by cJeclaring a state of · emergency in parts of Azerbaijan and ordering th~ - army, navy; ·Interior Ministry forces and KGB security for.ces to help contain ethnic hostilities. The fighting included an attack on a naval blockade around Baku. . Azerbaijan~ which is the -Texas of the Soviet Union, is now . occupied by .the Red Army. Since Gorbachev sent the tr~ps iri. TASS has reported over 3,700 ~pie have been ~illed 'and some 10,000 have - been injured In the dashes.

The New York Times reported that Mr. Mamedas, -one of the leading figures of the Azerbaijan Popular Front, a nationalist group which has gained wide influence throughout the republic, ·said that )lis organization has · weapons and - munitions factories whi~h will ·· support the -resistance. "We are ready to fight with the Armenians and even with tbe Union. We have · .. military formations, and the entire - republic is being put on a military ·. footing: If 1Qe Russians want a new , Afghanistan, they will have it. We · are a nation facing aggressors, and the Russians Empire _supports the · aggressors."

The-.. . Azeris · are angry at Gorbachev for sending troops to ·"their territory." In addition, ld~al gqvernment officials are ·. also expressing frustrations.' The Azeti parliament has demanded the.prompt withdrawal o(Sovjet troops from the Baku and threatened secession if its _ _ demand is not met These two nationalist crises the-indePendence campaign in . the .

Baltic region and the eruption of · ethnic conflict in -the Caucasus seem to be spinning out of Gorbachev's control. . Moscow has · been reluctant_ to employ the · military in civil disturbances since the national outrage that followed .- the killing of peaceful protest<>rs in Georgia last April. Gorbachev ~s probably in a better position to deal with the Baltic Situation since that matter is more likely to be settled peacefully. The crisis in Azerbaijan, however, has gone out of yontrol and. · the need for troops to put down wellarmed civilian - groups was inevitable~ ··

It ...is • very unlikely that.

Gorbachev will be able to bring stability and-peace to the regiQn by any means, whether peaceful or . forceful. _The outcome can only be · told with time. ·

by Adam Bromberg .

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rebuilt our defenses the~soviet'·s came to us with offers of arms .contrql. .

J>roposals that we earlier proposed and they rejected, th~y were now willing to accept. As a result, the United States now has the INF Treaty. _ · LeCs go ·through, some of the. accomplishments .of the last nine years.

- In Afghanistan the strong U.S. su_pport of the Mujahadeen resistance has led to th-e withdrawal of I 00 000 ' · Soviet troops. · ·· - In Angola the strong U.S. support of the UNITA rebels will lead to the pulling out of 50,0oo Cuban troops .

- East Germany" has allowed free · entry and exit (not that anyone is rushing to get in.)

- Poland held free elections and now has a Solidarity lead government and a non-Communist Prime Minister - Hungary has dumped Communism and is demanding the withdrawal of . _ Red Army units.

- Czechoslovakia has a playwright Prime Minister Vaclav Havel · a former opposition figure and ·a . burgeoning democracy.

- ·Romania is 'how freed from the tyrannical Ceasceuscu clan and has a · good chance at freedom and .democracy ..

- The Soviet Union held minor elections · early last year and the Co~munist party' was embarrassed.

These examples · show very · clearly that because America took a · strong leadership role -in the world,

- · The Soviet empire is crumbling and the cold war is coming closer 'and closer to an end. Many ignorant people have given the credit for these monumental changes to Mikhail Gorbachev; Well, I hate' to bqrst their , bubble but ti'Hs assertion is totally false. rhe policies of Ronald Reagan / and George Bush have · created the . present situatign in the world. They-· have proven that the; policy of peace through strength works and that we must negotiate from a position of strength, not weakness.

Ten years ago our defensive capabilities w,ere at dangerousLy low levels. Ten of the Army's sixteb1 divisions were rated "not combat ready" due to shortages of manpower, spare parts, fuel, ammunition and training.' More ·than 40% of the Air Force and Navy combat aircrafts were not fully missionable. Not surp~isingly, during this time the communists forced their · greatest offensive. ·They invaded Afghanistan and started expanding into· Central America and AfriCa. · During . the period of 1974-1980 ten nations were brought . into the communist fold. · .The United States just did not hav~ the strength, militarily or diplomatically to stand up to the Soviets. Wben ,t he ·Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan; we·boycotted the Olympics. The United States was virtually helpless.

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" ... ourr iza!ion has. become in fact what it has always _·been ·in principle, 'the last best hope .of · mankind on earth."' . Since Ronald Reagan came into office in 1981, hot one natiol) has fallen · to . communism . and · totalitarianism is in retreat. - Because Reagan and Bush reb~ilt our national defenses to their -present, capabilities . we · were· able tci stand_up to. the Soviet's·. We can now help · those . who are Jooking,for _an alternative to .

- Marxist-Leninist rule; . like in Afghanistan~ Nicaragua, Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Cambodia and Eastern Europe. In addition we were n,o longer afiald ·to use force wheJ1necessary, like in Libya and Grenada.

In the early 1980's when we ·. were milita1;"ily . weak, the Soviet Union walked . away from the After Reagan negotiating table.

~ommunism . is now starting to crumble. In th~ years since 1980, om nation has become in fact what it has always been in principle, "the last besthope _ofmankind on earth." · It is dear th~t the .Reagan_ Bush policies and not Gorbachev has brought the flourishing of democracy in the world. · . After -all these· accomplishments 'we must continue on this ~ath, we can not go back to whe.t:e we were in 1980. We must · support; these new_democracies, and encourage more countries to enter the free world . . We must continue ·to promote and defend liberty over the' world. We must be a strong united nation that is willing ahd able to · defend our values all over ~e world. ·

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Withthe.opening ofthe .One .llundred (lnd First (;ongress ·, the conversation · quickly ~urned to the Panama invasion.. .· · Ted Kennedy stood up and proclaimed · that:it was illegal and immoral. Really · .Mr. Kennedy the Se.natejloor is no place .

--: .·to. discuss your .date at Chappaquiddick. . .

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. .·_ ·The Pomino Tfz~ory works! In reverse -~-~ · · ~. ·· that is~ · ~ · ., I I.

· With the -elif!Zination· of the Ceausescu ·o ne F amity State of Romania, one can ·_only. -wonder how long before ihe·Castro One ~Fami-ty- Sta-te-. of_Cuba ·.w ill · be / · eliminated.

·. According to .Freed_om House, a noh- . partisan organization ,dedicated ·to civil ·and -human rights around the world; more · people are .living under freedom: than ever ·before. -. 1989_was a banner ~year for freed~m. · One ·can only hope that 1990_ ·. ·sees fre·edom expand to ihe areas of the world still run . tyi-ants and petty --. dictators~ .

WEU. NO Wova:R ~­ lMESE ~ JeJl1'S . ·SO lOW! ..:rnEY LEFT OUT OOR ~- R>R .NINTENJXJ.~.l . ·

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''The term 'dem.ocratic socialist'-makes as much sense as 'pregnant virginity. u' . · -RussellProwse

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Marion BGrry}ust couldn't s(Jy.nO.

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/ .,. R· o~O:~nian ~tudents liave:-decided .to boycott· university professors ~ho put . _communism qlzeQd of truth. ,It's .too oad · ·sUNY:.Bingha_mton :isn't in Romania. .Thai wo.uld . sute put . a lat . of SUNY-_ · ·.:Bif'lghainton professors out of .~o~k . . : _

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. Nor{(!ga _has-claimed ihat he zs_aP.O.W.; we··9a!i · Of!lY ,a$sume fhat _·stan_ds for . ·Pockmarked Obese Warmonger. .

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Miami police have, dra_1¥rt up ,a ,er.owd ...· ·· cofitroJ Jilan. for what th'ey feet·will be:,-_· . -· mass celebrationamorigst-Miami's.many · Cubans ij-Fidel Castro ·sl}ould fall . .The -~_ Binghamton ~eview _w ill_·_proudly

_·provide a_ir fare should this -occu~~ .

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-'-'Government of the duds, by 'the duds, _ ~and for th·e duds." . . __ . : · -·: . .-~Winston Churchill on socia!ist __ · gt)vernments

. -.-- Oliver Stone is -,Z,ow in-hot water. .In his · \ ·_,·.-' l~tcstflick, '~Born on _the.F our(~ of July" -

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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~ · hed~ic~aviokntdemons~ationthat .,

justice ·mq~es ~ deriiocrqcy . possible, .· ·but ·m-an's . . in~lination to injustice makes de11J,o·cra~y 11ecessary. ~' -Rf!ilihold Niebuhr · fr Man's _cdpa,city- for

·. never·occurred at Syracuse University• ·_ · ,He .isnow )being sued by a S.U. police · · · . offi~er. ·Perhaps this is indicative of !he ·- .rfruthfulness -of a'lZ of Stpne ·previous · · .cinematic zirconia.

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by Matthew- Carr While-near civil war rages on in the .Caucasian republics of Armenia an1l Azerbaijan, Lithuania-has been in the va~guard of peaceful chal)g~.

LaSt year the Lithuanian Communist Party declarect itself independent from the Soviet Communist Party, the first such schism in the party .since the October Revolution of 1917.

Several days later the Latvian ·Communist Party followed suit.

During Gorbachev's recent visit to Lithuania he encountered huge demonstrations of thousands, flying ·national flags and holding signs calling · for an end of Soviet occupation . and withdrawal of the Red Army from Lithuania. Today Lithuania Is on the verge :or gaining independeQce, with both the popular front, Sajudis, and the Lithuanian Comrrhinist · Party, supporting this · · --- · · · goal.. · __ These events. point to the decolonization of the Soviet Empire. This process is strongest in the Baltic republics, particularly in Ljthu~mia. A little history will helps to explain why this is so.

The restoration of Lithm,mian · i11dependenc~ first occurred o.n February 16, 1918. This followed the :Solshevik Revolution which. · supported self-determination for the peoples of the Russian Empire. On July 12, 1920 the S:oviet Union signed - a peace treaty officially recognized Lithuania as -an independent state and renounced all territorial claims based on the Ru~sian Empire. · The Baltic republics' rernained· · inde~ndent untill939.

The Molotov-Ribbentr9p Pact gave the Soviet Union the assurance it ' needed to annex ·the Baltic rep,uolics . unmolested -by German' Under the threat of opposition~ invasion, the Red.,Army was allQwed .

- to occupy the ,three J::epublics, set up puppet governments; and then carry · oqt- fraudulent election which the Soviets <used to claim that the republics had voluntarily joined the U.S.S.R.. In 1944, the Baldcs were reoccupied by the Soviets·, who then _

·For · all intents and purposes . !here is little Gorbachev can do short of sending in the Red Arinyto crush the restoration ·of a free -Lithuania.

To this· end, the question which n9w. _appews to !require answering is _ whether or not i't is possible for Gorbachev. to find a face saving. Way . ·to allow Lithuania to slip away from the U.S.S.R. without appearing ·as though; he has caved into secess- · ionist pressures. The answer to this question is very uncertain . . What is sure, though; is that once Lithuania

carried out executions and mass deportations to Siberia.

To insure control of the Baltic republics the Soviet Union has pursued policies of russification and. colonization by encouragirtg ethnic Russians to move into tlie region.

By settling Russians in . these republics they have created internal opposition to independence. This is clearly seen by the rise o{ anti-Baltic . independence movements and strikes -within the Baltic republics them- _ · selves~

"THIS OFFER VOID IN .r

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' .Clearly, the potential for a violen.t Soviet reaction is extremely ' . high. This docs not mean, however, · · · · tnat intervention -is . inevitable.: ·_- First, an invasion of Liihuania woul_d end Gorbachev's honeymoon with the·westem media and public: ·A. Tiananmen Square massacre of PliS' size would destroy Gorbachev's image · in the West. Also, the reoccup~tio_n of Lithuania would, probabl~ be ~a very bl~ody affair.

And finally, this could also kill Glasnost and P~restroika, especiatly since Lithuania has been one of its. leading proponents. '

The Soviet Union is now going through a process which every colonial empire has experienced· thi~ , ceJituty - decolonization. Perhaps the Soviets foolishly believed, that Marxism-would deliver them to the promised land where nationalism would have no influenced ·over the peoples of the Soviet Empire.

Whatever they believed, they completely misunderstood that message of decolonization. ·It w-as not that socialism,. but nationalism that was . .' sweeping the world. .

If Gorbachev is truly serious .abopt reform, he must r~ognize the fact that colonies are almost always ' a net loss for the mother ~_gun try.

He has alrea4y acknowledged this fact by dumping Eastern Europe.

The states outside of the Soviet · Union could. be cast aside without any direct harm ·coming · to · the Soviet .psyche or state. Now the more difficult part of decolonization must occur.

The non-Russian republics which demand liberation must have it. Those republics which choose to stay in the Soviet Union will expect _ a more equitable system whereby ' they will no longer be treated as merely" colonies ruled by Moscow. ~ Change has come to the Soviet · Union. However, Gorbachev-already seems to have been overtaken by its speed: _Only rapid concessions to groups demanding independence will head off violence. If Gorbachev hesitates for too long he, may be . forced _to choose between the Chinese solution, bloody repression · . of freedom or.become victim of the ' Romanian solution, bloody ,revolution for freedom.

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goes there are nearly a h8J.f.:.dozen other republics which would be likely to follow suit.

When Lithuania leave's, Latvia , and Estonia are likely to eJ(pect the same treatment Georgia would also probably declare itself independent · and if the Red Army occupation of ·Azerbaijan · continues _ ther:e - is -certainly a significant chance that they will .attempt to. secede also. which was a part of Moldavia, Romania before Stalin annexed it, is likely .to seek reunification with Romania now that the Ceausescus . are gone.

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WHICH ·Is .MORE yon ~boose the uhborn chi-d, sorry, you'·r e. wrong.-.. at _- least .according to the .

Yon see, the laws in ·this cQuntry~ pen~lty -,. for taking or destroying an eagl~'s . egg. is $5,000.00 and a ye~~ in jail, 'but the penalty for _taking an unborn child's . life .is nothing. . In fact, ·people get · · paid a. lot .of money · for _doing it!

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Does something seem wrong to you? - It ·is. You· can ,help to protect the· /~nbQrn in ·_this _country. Let's- ta·k e our - babies ' J ~-A_N_- _UN_- B_O~R_N___EA~G_L~E~~~---~-N~_U_N~B_O_R_N_C_H_JL~ . chil~ren ~~ the endangered list. '\

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BINGHAMTON.~EY~W ",

J~nuary 1~90

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by Frank Janecek Seventy- two years after .the declanitiori of an independent Ukraine January 22 remains . the most · i~portant . date in _modem Ukrainian ) . history. On Sunday, January 21, ~ and Monday, January ·22 U~inhm­ America ns marked the seventy. second . annivers ary of ' their homeland's deClaration of indepen- . de nee. ·In the Triple Cities, several · celebrations were held, ranging from religious services to flag raisings.

All of these events. repre~ent an importan t link between Americans of Ukrainian extra~tion and past and present events in Ukraine., The celebrati ons of these two some of the days highligh t contradictions· found in ·Gorbachev's policy of Glasnost when dealing with Ukraine. The Divine Liturgies (Masses) celebrate d on . Sunday· morning remjnd one - that the - Ukraiiljan Catholi<;. Church and the Ukraini an · Orthodo x · ·Church essentially r~main semf-legal in the case of the former and illegal in the case of the latter. It is true th~t Ukrainia n Catholic parishes may now be registere d. with local authorities., but it is not legally permitted to reestablish ·it§_ hierarchy, ope-n religious · commun ities or . reClaim seiZed church.property.

As receQtly as l~te November, TASS · reported the arrest of Ukrainia n Catholic priests· saying gold :.. mass. The display of blue Ukrainian flags, the national trident, and· the singing of independ ent . Ukraine's national anthem all remain illegal acts in the U.S~S.R. today.

Fortunate ly, there is no · such persecution of Ukrainians here. In fact the mayors of Bingham ton, Johnson City, and our state senator, Tom Libous, ail issued_. decrees re~ognizing January 22 as Ukrainian Independence Day; Last year Governo r Cuomo., refused to do so because such actions might-"offend" Mr. Gorbachey and the Soviets. · Perhaps Governor ~ Cuomo is just sh9wing how he would deal with the Soviet Union· if . he were ever elected president. ' The . flag. raisings in Bingham ton and J ohrison . City· also vividJy demonstrate continu~ support for an · indzpendent~e.

Ofthodox n St. John's Ukrainia Church "'host~d a · program commemorating Ukrainian independen_ce on January · 21. The well , attended Sunday night program, · which was conducte d primarily J.n Ukrainia n, opened with . rousing = rendition s of the America n and Ukrainia n national anthems. The performance of St. John's choir and the young ladies'-choir allowed many to recall the soQgs and faiths of their. homeland.

Recitatio ns by SUM arid Plast (Ulqainian ydutti groups) reminded · many that ·these organizations ate still illegaJ ·in Ukrain~ and that the KGB ·and Soviet militia .r aided a yQuth camp · near Lviv this / past summer; burning Ukrainia n flags and books, ~ting teenage members and instructo rs . . · The evening included folk dancing and the . traditional saber ~ce and concluded with a re.c eption of . sumptu~u~ : Ukrainian desSerts.

The evening's keynote speaker was :Mr. Orest Deychak:iwsky of the U.S. Commiss ion on Security and

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Cooperation in· Europe, also known as · the U.S. Helsinki Commission.

Mr. Deychak iwsky's presentat ion pointed to many of the recent rays of . hope ih the old . cm~ntry ·and the · importance of such commemorations · in the free world. _ He told the · audience that while tl)ey were · listening to him UkrainiaJ;ls were linking hands and forming a human chain from Lviv to Kiev in order to demonstrate their support for greater local' independence~ This is one of a · series of d{m1onstrations that would~ have been unthinkable only a few . years ago . .

He also mention ed the upcoming March 4th elections in which _many non.-party canqidates are expected tO.J Un and win.- Fears · have be~n voiced by many that Commun ist Party . officials will again use non-Ukrainian Red Army _, troop~ to vote · in th.e se . local elections to distort the results and dilute th~ strength of -Ukrainia n ' voters. Mr. Deychakiwsky said that on~ way of · preventi ng- such _, fraudulent eleetion would l>e for the America n public and media _ to . closely scrutiniz e the election' process and if fraud · occurs, vigorous ly protest it/ Finally, he stated that Ukrainian~v~ry much · appreciat e ..the morar support that their ethnie kin in the free . world . _provide.

By keeping attentions focused on the ~events 'bn Ukraine, and .

Eastern Europe, in general, ethnic groups and the media can keep the pressure on the. Soviet Union to continue the reform proc~ss. And at · the same, time such exposure makes a bloody backlash less likely· by a Soviet governm ent' which is concerne d with its- image in the · West.

Hopefull y the local events commemorating Ukrainian -l!ldependence on January 21 and 22 will help -·. in some small way to continue ·_the move towards increased freedom in .

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by Senator Thomas W.Lrbo us For.72 years, Ukraini ans through out the Free World have commem orated the glorious and deepJyJ historic al day of January 22, 1918. On that date, the people of the Ukrain~ broke from the · Russian empire and declare d their , · independence.

After 3 years of sovereig nty, the Ukraini an Republi~'s democra tic existenc e wa~ overpow ered by the military for~es .· of Commu nist Russia. · The ;Ukraini an People have survived unspeak able horror · under the rule of the Commu nists. Over the last 70 years, J)kraini an nationa l, cultura l and religiou-s life has been . suppres sed ann subjecte d to enforce d Russific ation. The ~3;:rkest yearS of this period were systema tically starved to · death in a .genocid al famine. · During this period, the Soyiet Union sought to subdue and annihila te these people who never abando ned their spirit of freedom ·o r desire for ·indepen dence. .

With the outbrea k_of World War II, the-Ukrainian peeple proclaim ed the restorati on of theit: statehOod. Howeve r, their -· indepen dence wa~ crushed orice again by the Commu nists: These freedom \loving people.f ought both the Nazis and the Red Soviet arrllie·s through out the War, seeing both as . . __,.,_ oppressors ~ The plight of the Ukraine has been recogni zed by the United States Congres s. Our repres~ntatives have included it on the Captive Nations List with 21 otqer nations in the USSR and Eastern Europe as deservin g America nisuppo rt'in . · their que_sts for independence. , th~ swept has · . _Today the fervor for self-determination that the in d explode · nations behind the Ir<m Curtain has also, Ukraine.~ Massive demons trations have been attended by hundred s of thousan ds of Ukraini ans demand ing basic . . human rights and complet e independence. . . ' _ the orate commem As Ukraini ans in the Souther n Tier ted confron be ill w .., 72nd Anniver sary of Indepen dence, they by the reality that the 52 million people in the Ukraine still are n'o t free. In fact, they continu e -tg suffer untold hardship s, national persecut ion and suppression of their -culture.

In an effort to show out sapport~ respec~ and admirati on for~ the people of the Ukraine , my colleagu es in the State Senate and -I will be adopting a re~olution formally asking the Govern or to recognize_ the sacrifice s,of the Ukraini an.peoPlv _ip. the_ir quest fo:t: indepen dence. It . will also invite all · resident s of New .york to obse.i ve Janu·a ry 22 as a day of a free Ukraine may rise again. hope. that . .

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January 1990

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_February 26:

JOSEPH PUDER _Executiv~- -Director, Afnericans-(or .a _Safe Israel . UU 221B at 8:00pin .

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ANDREW KAVGHAK tJSIC Education Foundation' · speaking ·o11:Canadian National security ). > · UU 221B at 8:00pm · -. · · · .

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-LESLIE CARBONE · _ ·Acc!Jracy in Academia,. .· · speaking on liberal bias Oil College campuses · .· · ·· .room to be-8:nnounced .·

Thank.You·vetera ns to extend our thanks to Thte _Binghahmton . se _·ve erans w o participated m out Veter an 's Day ceremony . tho ~t was a -privilege to bonor those men · on November, 10, 1989. an~ women who , answered·. the call to make the ultimate sacr ifice Our -·. veterans kept ~h·e . pro mise that all ~or. · _our nation. · md.rudu~ls, _- make. when · b~·rn in The ·united States of America ~­ We !o . defend her -'and her allies when _·liberty is ' thre~te~ed. ~hank .you .f or ~our bravery, your . loyalty, and we · thank . you for We especia~ly · would · like to thank Paul defendmg our liberty..

Du~e, - a Marine who served his country in Korea · and . who's assistance . was instrumental in p~tting ·together· our ceremony. -It IS the goal of th~ Bin-ghamton · Revi-e w · to make the ·University_ and t~e surrounding· community awar-e that · there · are ma~,y on the_ SUNY :;Bin_gha.mto~ campus who .l ove this . country. ~bile there · are students o..;t this cam.p us who . who · wish \ to burn the American flag~ we .want to make . clear · that there is at least [).ne group on this campus who believe in . a strong United States· a ' . at all costs. country that shall defend liberty We . thank you · again for your time and effort' at our. flag. ceremony. You are n,~t forgotten

National Anthem

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· What could possibly symbolize a country inore than it's .national ·anthY.m? "The Star Spangled Banner" is a testame.rit to the courage and dedication Americans feel toward our country. ~our national anthem has . come to ·represent more than just the battle which Francis. Scott Key observed wi~ . pride, as Alilericans fouglit for this ·country's ideals and freedoms. Thes~ freedoms and ideals are truly what the anthem has -come · . to represent.

Representative Andrew Jacobs, a Democrat from Indiana, reintroduced a measure that would change our national anthem.. The measure was intro.d uced in the House " of Representatives last year, and proposed to have "America the Beautiful" replace the "The Star S'p angled Banner,"· as our national ' anthem.

Representative Jacobs provides several arguments · for , why the national anthem should be changed . to "America the Beautiful." He . claims that the hymn suggests the glory. of the land as well as pride in In fact,- our . _a ccomplishment. present national anthem does just that. .The accomplishments spoken .of in "The Star Spangled Banner" are unmatched as Americans achieved with lhe greatest difficulty, it~ victory. over the British during the .

War of 1812. Our anthem fills those who fought for our .country w!th pride as it explains the strife dire~tly involved in ,attaining "the · land of the free and the home ef the brave.

- Mr. Jacob~ second .argum~nt is that the song is much easier for bands to · play and individuals to .

More important- than the sing. words( is the patriotic and emotional

feelings that it instiils in Ameri~s. · I~ is ridiculous to suggest that our · anth~m should be . changed.' the .meanmgful phrases replaced, because the tune is difficult.

Mr. Jacobs further asserts' that :·America the Beautiful" will "send a more positive national message · to \ others. at a tim~ when ·enlightenment · se~ms- to be spreading its -peaceful and liberating dividends across the globe." Does . Rep. J ac'Obs tru!v believe that when foreign nations · dis~uss policies concerning tlie Umt~d States, they make decisions based on the words of "The · Star .

Spangled Banner?" . With _the constant battles and' the coup . attempts oc·c urring throughout the . world, how can one say that "enlightenmeni is spreading _its ·p eaceftd and liberating dividends across the globe?" Furthermore how can anyone believe that oU: national anthem could prevent these incidents from taking place? · . ,,; SeveraJ individuals. are strongly .. opposed to· changing the national anthem. William _Schaefer, who is . the Democratic governor of Maryland, stated, "It ('The Star Spangled Banner') is ·.that special piece of music that is the .symboi of • everything for which the · U.S.A. stands." Republican Representative · Bob Dorman from California feels _ that certain phra.Ses like "the rockets' red gl~e" gra:bs him more ·t han . "above the fruited plain."

Throughout .the history of the United States, our eountry has struggled to provide the citizens of today with all the freedoms and .rights which our forefathers deemed "inalienable." The words of "The Star Spangled Banne( embody the true values of ·our nation, which patriots fought and ' died for.