In the hydrolysis reaction shown in figure 3.8, (hydro- = “water”; -lysis = “breaking-down, a loosening, a dissolution”) the covalent bond between two monomers is split by the addition of a hydrogen ion (H+) to one and a hydroxyl
ion (OH-) to the other. These two ions come from splitting a water molecule, H2O, into H+ and OH-. The dimer (monomers linked by a covalent bond on the left) is the substrate, and monomer 1 and monomer 2 on the right are the products.
Figure 3.8 Example of hydrolysis reaction: a covalent bond (-O-) in a maltose molecule (substrate on the left of the arrow) is broken to form two glucose molecules (the products on the right of the arrow). The H2O is used to add OH- and H+ (shown in red) to the two glucose molecules. Art by OpenStax College – CC-BY
Review Questions for Learning Objective 28 Write your answer in a sentence form. (Do not answer using loose words). 1. What is a dehydration synthesis reaction?
2. What is a hydrolysis reaction?
Test for Learning Objective 28 1. 2. Hydrolysis reactions are associated with the formation of a water molecule (T/F) 3. Hydrolysis reactions are associated with synthesis reactions (T/F)
4. Dehydration synthesis is associated with the splitting of a covalent bond (T/F) 5. This chemical equation represents a dehydration reaction: ___
