DAIRY FARMING

DAIRY FARMING DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, LIVESTOCK FISHERIES & VETERINARY SERVICES GOVERNMENT OF SIKKIM

CONTENTS

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Topic Introduction Common Exotic Breeds of Dairy Cattle in Sikkim Care and Management of Dairy Animal Care and Management of Heifer Symptoms of heat Care & Management of Pregnant Animal Care & Management of Milch Animal Care & Management of Calf Housing of Dairy Cattle & System of Housing Schematic Layout of Standard Cattle Shed Plan for Loose Housing System & Floor Space per animal Feed & Feeding Schedule of Feed & Fodder Feeding Calves & E.M. Liquid application in Cattle Production Prevalent Diseases and and its Treatment and Control/Vaccination Schedule Scheme for Establishing five milch cows unit Scheme for Establishing twelve milch cows unit Scheme for Establishing twenty milch cows unit Comparative Income Statement between a government servant & a dairy farmer

Page No. 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20

DAIRY Dairy is a commercial establishment for processing or selling milk and milk products.

Dairy farming has the potential to provide sustainable livelihood for small and marginal farmers while also giving food and nutritional security.

It has emerged as one of the attractive commercial activities for young generation in Sikkim.

COMMON BREEDS OF DAIRY CATTLE IN SIKKIM: EXOTIC DAIRY BREEDS 1. JERSEY

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES

: STUMPED HORN, LEVEL HUMP, SHARP WITHERS, DOUBLE DISHED HEAD.

COUNTRY / PLACE OF ORIGIN COLOUR MARKING

: ISLAND OF JERSEY. : FAWN AND BROWN.

MATURED AVERAGE BODY WEIGHT MALE FEMALE

: 350 Kgs. : 300 Kgs.

AVERAGE MILK YIELD / 305 DAYS : 4,000 Lts. AGE OF FIRST CALVING : 28-30 Months.

1

2. HOLSTIEN FRIESIAN

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES COUNTRY / PLACE OF ORIGIN COLOUR MARKING

: LARGE BODY SIZE. : HOLLAND. : BLACK AND WHITE.

MATURED AVERAGE BODY WEIGHT MALE FEMALE

: 500 Kgs. : 450 Kgs.

AVERAGE MILK YIELD / 305 DAYS AGE OF FIRST CALVING

: 6,000 Lts. : 28-30 Months.

CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF DAIRY ANIMAL Sound management practices are essential for profitable dairy farming.

Important points of management techniques for different age groups are given below age wise to make dairy farming more efficient and productive: CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF HEIFER 1. Under good management practice, the heifer can be bred at 18-20 months of age.

2

2. Shift the heifer in a separate shed about 6-8 weeks before calving or provide sufficient space.

3. Feed 2 - 3 kgs of concentrate daily along with forages in adlib.

SYMPTOMS OF HEAT: Early detection of heat and timely insemination (i.e. 12-18 hrs from onset of heat) is important for an effective breeding practice.

The various symptoms of heat are: 1. Frequent bellowing.

2. The animals which are in heat lick and smell other animals.

3. Mounting on other animals.

4. The animals will stand still when other animal try to mount.

5. Frequent urination.

6. Clear mucous discharge from the vulva.

7. Swelling of the vulva will be seen.

8. Reddening of vulvular mucose membrane.

CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANT ANIMAL 1. Extra concentrate feed of 1.25 to 1.75 kgs should be provided for pregnant animal.

2. Avoid slippery conditions, which causes the animal to fall receiving fractures, dislocation etc.

3. Feed one kg extra concentrate during last 8th week of gestation.

Feed laxative about 3 - 5 days before and after calving (Wheat bran 3 kgs + 0.5 gms of Groundnut cake + 100 gms of mineral mixture of salt).

4. Symptoms of delivery may be observed i.e. swelling of external genetalia, swelling of udder, usually majority of animals will deliver without any help.

If there is any difficulty, provide veterinary help.

5. Placenta will normally leave the cow within 2 - 4 hours after calving. If not happens, then veterinary aid may be taken.

CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF MILCH ANIMAL: 1. With proper feeding and care, a cow will come to heat after 60 days. of calving. The cow may be inseminated in the 2nd heat i,e, 60 days after calving. th 2. Milking should be stopped from 7 month of pregnancy till calving.

3. Vaccinate the cows against important diseases regularly.

4. Check for symptoms of mastitis routinely.

3

1. CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF CALF: 1) The Naval should be tied about 2-5 cms away from the body and cut 1cm below the ligature and apply Tincture Iodine or Boric Acid or any other antiseptic agent.

2) Wash the cow’s udder and teats preferably with diluted potash solution and dry it before feeding the colostrum.

3) Feed colostrum i.e. the first milk of the cow for the first 3 days @ 1/10th of body weight of the calf.

4) Dehorn the calf within 7-10 days.

5) Deworm the calf at 10th , 40th, 70 and 90 days of age followed by six months interval regularly.

6) At 8-9 weeks of age, male calf should be castrated, if not required for breeding purpose.

HOUSING OF DAIRY CATTLE: A comfortable and clean shed makes routine tasks easier.

SYSTEMS OF HOUSING 1. CONVENTIONAL DAIRY BARN:

Head to head system of housing

4

Tail to tail system of housing

25’

PASSAGE

4’.9”

DRAIN 1’6” x 1’6”

5’

TO DUNG PIT

3’.6”

SCHEMATIC DRAWING OF DUNG PIT

GROUND LEVEL

SECTION

5’

7’

MANGER

4’.9”

4

25’

HAND PACKED DRY WALL TO DRAIN WATER

5

3

10’6”

FLOOR SLOPED TOWARDS DRAIN

MANGER

2

MANGER

PASSAGE

8

COW SHED 2ND ROW

FLOOR SLOPED TOWARDS DRAIN 2’.6”

1

4’

7

MANGER

6

TO DUNG PIT

8’

DRAWING SHOWING SCHEMATIC LAYOUT OF 8 UNIT (2 ROWS x 4 UNITS) STANDARD CATTLE SHED

24’.6”

5

DRAIN 1’6” x 1’6”

PASSAGE

COW SHED 1ST ROW

2’.6”

4’

2. LOOSE HOUSING SYSTEM: Where there is sufficient area for grazing practices 19’.0

ROOF

BRICK WALL (5’.0 HIGH) FEEDING TROUGH 2’.0

9”

15”

4.5” 4.5”

9”

7’.11”

WATER TROUGH

SLOPE

SHALLOW DRAIN

12’.0

Fig: Plan for loose housing The floor and manger space requirement of dairy cows are given in Table below:

Floor space per animal (Sq. Ft)

Manger Length per animal (in inches)

Type of Animal

Covered Area

Open Area

Cows

20-30

80-100

20-24

Buffaloes

25-35

80-100

24-30

Young Stock

15-20

50-60

15-20

Pregnant Cows

100-120

180-200

24-30

Bull pen

120-140

200-250

24-30

6

FEED The important feed nutrients are proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins and water.

Which should be supplemented through: a) Roughages Green fodder like Desmodium, Cowpea, soyabeans, beans, peas, Hybrid Napier, Setaria, maize, Oats, Guinea grass, nevara, dudelo etc.and dry fodder like hay, silage and straw. b) Concentrates Maize, oats, grams, by-products of grains and oil seeds like ground nut cake and mustard cake (pina),mineral mixture, vitamins, salts etc.

Guideline for preparation of 100 kg feed: 1. Crushed maize2. Oats / wheat / rice- bran (Dhuto) 3. Oil cakes (Pina)4. Mineral Mixture5. Salt-

42 kgs 35 kgs 20 kgs 2 kgs 1 kg 100 Kgs

Feeding Schedule of feed & fodder: 1.Maintenance Ration for 250 kgs body weight animal is 1.25kgs of concentrate and 25-30 kgs chaffed green fodder.

2.Lactating animal - 1 kg extra feed for every 2.5 3 kg milk production and 30 kg / adlib chaffed green fodder.

3.Pregnant cow- 1kg for every 2.5-3 kg milk production + 1.5kg extra th from 6 month of pregnancy till parturition and 30 kg chaffed green fodder / adlib.

4.Breeding bulls- 1.5 -2kg and 30-35 chaffed green fodder/ adlib.

During Winter :5-6 kgs of chaffed green fodder and 4-5 kgs dry fodder for adult cattle.

Silage: If available, start with 0.5 to 1 kg first week, 5-6 kgs on second week, maximum 10 kgs in due course of time. Intake of Green fodder/ dry fodder should be reduced accordingly.

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Feeding Calves:st

rd

1 to 3 day-feeding of colostrum “the first milk” is must. th th th 4 day onwards the calves are fed with whole milk @ 1/8 to1/10 of its body weight till weaning. Excess feeding of whole milk may cause calf-scour.

After 15 days- 1 month of age: tender leaves of legumes (proteineous like grams, pulse variety) can be fed.

Effective Mirco-organism (E.M.) liquid APPLICATION IN CATTLE PRODUCTION E.M. Is a brown concentrated liquid produced from the cultivation of 80 strains of beneficial microorganisms collected from natural environment of India.

Advantages of E.M. Technology in Livestock Production: Reduces cost inputs more efficiently.

Improves both milk quality and quantity.

Clean shed, less flies, ticks and less disease incidence.

Maintains better health condition of farm animals.

I. E.M. Bokashi as feed additive for computed / commercial feed 1. Heifer-30 gm/1kg feed/day.

2. Milking Cows-30-50 gms/1kg feed/day.

3. Dry Cow-10-30gm/1kg feed/day.

4. Breeding Bull-10 gm/1kg feed/day.

Conventional feeding system: If cooked feed (Kholey) is given.

Rate of bokashi is 300 gm/10kg cooked feed is given/cow/day.

II. Drinking water: Dilute EM @ 10 ml/10 litre of water daily.

III. Washing of animals and cleaning of shed: Dilute EM @ 100ml/10 litre water and wash animal twice a week.

8

DISEASES Haemorrhagic septicaemia(Bhyagutey): It is an acute infectious bacterial disease which occurs during extreme environmental conditions, malnutrition and long distance transportation.

It generally occurs during rainy season.

Symptoms: o 1.High fever (106-107 F).

2.Profuse salivation and lacrimation.

3.Profuse nasal discharge.

4.Difficult / snoring respiration.

5.Swelling of throat region.

6.Shivering.

7.Recumbency and death within 10-72 hrs.

Treatment: Contact veterinary aid immediately, timely treatment saves the animal.

Prevention : by routine vaccination.

BLACK QUARTER (Char-chare): Symptoms: 1) Fever (106 - 108 F).

2) Lameness in affected leg.

3) Crepitating swelling over hip, back and shoulder.

4) Swelling is hot and painful in early stages whereas cold and painless later.

5) Recumbency followed by death within 12-48 hrs.

Treatment: Contact veterinary aid immediately, timely treatment saves the animal.

Prevention : by routine vaccination.

9

ANTHRAX (Ban): The disease is communicable to humans i.e. zoonotic disease.

Symptoms: 1) Sudden rise in body temperature (104-108 F).

2) Bloat or tympany.

3) Dysentery or diarrhoea.

4) Blood in milk.

5) Abortion in females.

6) Trembling.

7) Bleeding from all natural openings like anus, nostrils ,ears vulva etc after death. The blood is terry coloured and does’nt clot.

8) Sudden death in peracute case.

Treatment: Provide veterinary aid immediately.

Control: 1) Identification and irradiation of affected animals.

2) Movement of animals from infected area to clean area should be stopped.

3) Deep burial of dead animals with lime.

4) Destroy contaminated fodder by burning.

5) Thorough disinfection of cattle shed by using 10% caustic soda or formalin or 5% phenyl.

6) Animal suspected to be died of anthrax should never be handled with naked hand and cut open for post mortem.

FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE: Khuret (Local) Symptoms: 1) Fever (104o-106of) for 24-48 hrs.

2) Loss of appetite.

3) Drop in milk yield.

4) Blisters / vesicles and ulcer on tongue, dental pad and mucosa, 5) Profuse salivation.

6) Painful mastication.

7) Vesicles and ulcers develop in inter-digital space (hoofs) and on the coronet.

8) Lameness.

10

9) Stamping of feet.

10)Recovery within 8 days, if complications dose,nt occur.

Treatment: Provide veterinary aid Control: 1) Isolation of all affected animals.

2) Contaminated bedding and fodder should be burnt.

3) Cattle shed must be cleaned and disinfected with 1-2% caustic soda or formalin.

4) Thorough disinfection of all the utensils and clothes of attendants.

5) Calves should not be allowed to suckle affected mothers.

6) Vaccination.

MASTITIS: (Thunelo) Symptoms: In acute cases the udder is hot, swollen and painful, fever, loss of appetite, milk may be yellowish or brownish and it may contain flakes or clots.

In chronic form, there is no swelling of udder. Udder becomes hard due to fibrosis, milk may show visible changes on careful examination, reduced milk yield.

11

Treatment: Provide veterinary aid immediately and milk should not be used for human consumption for at least 72 hrs while undergoing treatment.

Control: 1. Isolation and treatment of affected animals.

2.Treatment of all teats of all cows at drying.

3.The healthy non-infected cows should be milked first and known infected cows should be milked at last.

4.The udder of cow and hands of milker should be washed with antiseptic solution before and after milking.

5.The floor of the milking shed should be washed with running water.

6.Use of proper milking method i.e. full-hand milking followed by stripping.

7.Maintain hygienic conditions in cattle sheds.

8.Proper disposal of mastitic milk.

MILK FEVER: Causes: 1. Excessive loss of calcium in the colostrum and milk.

The colostrum is rich in calcium.

2. Decreased absorption of calcium from the intestine at the time of parturition.

Symptoms: Excitement, tetany, muscle tremors, and recumbency in delayed cases.

Treatment: Provide veterinary aid immediately.

Control: 1.Incomplete milking after calving.

2.Injection of Calcium soon after calving is effective.

3.Avoid stress of transportation during advance pregnancy.

4.Maintain appetite at calving.

5.Give roughages to stimulate rumen function.

12

Sl. No

AGE

VACCINE

Fourth Month 1.

2-4 weeks

Foot and Mouth (F.M.D.) Vaccine 1st dose F.M.D. 2nd dose

Three times a year in disease high area or twice a year

F.M.D. Booster

2.

Six Months

3.

After Six Months

4.

Yearly once

Black Quarter (B.Q.) Vaccine Haemorrhagic Scepticemia (H.S. Vaccine)

B.Q., H.S. Vaccine

13

SCHEME FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF FIVE MILCH COWS UNIT 1. CAPITAL EXPENDITURE I

FIXED CAPITAL EXPENDITURE

A

Construction of sheds for 5 milch cows head to head system 11ft x 5ft x5nos=275sqft xRs.250 Cost of construction of a calf shed measuring 11ft x 8ft = 88 sq.ft. x Rs.250 / sq.ft. It can be constructed with G.C.I. roof, cemented flooring, covered with bricks walls.

B

IN RUPEES 68,750.00

22,000.00 C

Cost of construction of 1 store and an attendant house measuring 11ft x5ft= 55 sq.ft. X Rs 250/ sq.ft. The structure will be made up of bamboo & timber and plastered with cement.

D

Cost of five Jersey crossbreed cows with calf on foot @ Rs.25, 000 each.

E

Land & Fodder Development @ 5,000/- acre for 2 acres.

F

Purchase of chaff cutter TOTAL AMOUNT

II

13,750.00 1,25,000.00 10,000.00

10,000.00 Rs.2,49,500.00

RECURRING EXPENDITURE A. Purchase of Milk Pail, Chains, Buckets, Ropes etc.

10,000.00

B. Cost of feed 4.5 kg (on an avg) x5 cows x 365days x Rs.12/ kg (4.5 kg includes maintenance and production/pregnancy allowance) C. Cost of Insurance of twelve Cows @ 12% for a period of three years.

D. Cost of one Labours @ Rs.3,500/- month for 1 year

98,550.00 15,000.00 42,000.00

E. Veterinary Assistant & medicines 10,000.00 F. Miscellaneous 10,000.00 Total Amount Rs.1,85,550.00

14

PROJECTED OPERATING STATEMENT OF FIVE MILCH COWS DAIRY UNIT FIVE YEAR OF OPERATION RETURNS SL. No

PARTICULARS

A

Sale of Milk @ Rs.23/ kg B Sale of calves: a) Male @ Rs.3,000 b) Female @Rs.5,000 C Sale of parent stock @ Rs.5,000/cow D Sale of Gunny Bags E Sale of Manure TOTAL EXPENDITURE:A

Cost of feed

B C D E F

Cost of Labour Vety. Medicine Fodder Insurance Miscellaneous

1ST 5 cows x 8ltrs x 305days x Rs.23 2,80,600

2ND 5cows x305Days x10 ltrs x Rs.23 3,50,750

3RD 5 cows x 12lts x305 Days xRs.23 4,20,900

4TH 5 cows x 12lts x 305days xRs.23 4,20,900

5TH 5 cows x 12lts x 305days xRs.23 4,20,900

3x3,000 (9,000) 00

3x3000 (9,000) 00

3x3000 (9,000) 00

3x3000 (9,000) 2x5000 (10,000)

3x3000 (9,000) 2x5000 (10,000)

45,000

0 2,000 10,000 3,01,600

0 2,000 10,000 3,71,750

0 2,000 10,000 4,41,900

10,000 2,000 10,000 4,61,900

10,000 2,000 10,000 4,61,900

20,000 10,000 50,000 20,39,050

98,550

98,550

98,550

98,550

98,550

4,92,750

42,000 10,000 10,000 15000 10,000 1,85,550

42,000 10,000 10,000

42,000 10,000 10,000

42,000 10,000 10,000

42,000 10,000 10,000

10,000 1,70,550

10,000 1,70,550

10,000 1,70,550

10,000 1,70,550

2,10,000 50,000 50,000 15,000 50,000 8,67,750

1,16,050

2,01,200

2,71,350

2,91,350

2,91,350

11,71,300

TOTAL

18,94,050

20,000

TOTAL GROSS PROFIT (Return-Expenditure)

N.B. : Average annual Income ( by calculating mean of net profit of five years)= Rs 10,46,550 / 5 years = Rs 2,09,310.00

15

SCHEME FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF TWELVE MILCH COWS UNIT 1. CAPITAL EXPENDITURE I

FIXED CAPITAL EXPENDITURE

A

Construction of sheds for 12 milch cows head to head system 11ft x 5ft x 6nos=330sqft x 2 rows =660sq.ft. and common working space 4ftx30ft=120sqft.

Total sq.ft=780sqft x Rs.250/ sq.ft.

Cost of construction of a calf shed measuring 12’ x 16’=192sqft can be constructed with G.C.I roof, cemented flooring, covered with brick walls (192 sq.ft. X Rs 250)

B

C

D E

IN RUPEES

Cost of construction of 1 store and an attendant house measuring 15’ x 15’=225sqft. The structure will be made up of bamboo & timber and plastered with cement @ Rs 250/ sq.ft.

(15ft x 15ft=225xRs.250/-) Cost of twelve Jersey crossbreed cows @ Rs.25, 000 each calf on foot.

Land & Fodder Development @ Rs 5,000 per acre for 5 acres.

1,95,000.00

48,000.00

56,250.00 3,00,000.00 25,000.00

F

Purchase of chaff cutter TOTAL AMOUNT

II

10,000.00 6,34,250.00

RECURRING EXPENDITURE A. Purchase of Milk Pail, Chains, Buckets, Ropes etc.

B. Cost of feed 4.5 kg (on an avg) x12 cows x 365 days=19,710kg x Rs.12 /kg.

(4.5 kg includes maintenance and production/pregnancy allowance) C. Cost of Insurance of twelve Cows @ 12% for the period of 3 years.

12,000.00

2,36,520.00 36,000.00

D. Cost of two Labours @ Rs.3,500 per month for 1 year

84,000.00

E. Veterinary Assistant & medicines

20,000.00

F. Miscellaneous

20,000.00 TOTAL AMOUNT

16

4,08,520.00

PROJECTED OPERATING STATEMENT OF TWELVE MILCH COWS DAIRY UNIT FIVE YEAR OF OPERATION RETURNS

Sale of Milk @ Rs.23/ kg B Sale of calves: a) Male @ Rs.3,000 b) Female @ Rs.5,000 C Sale of parent stock @ Rs.5,000/cow D Sale of Gunny Bags E Sale of Manure TOTAL EXPENDITURE:-

6,73,440

2ND 12cows x305 Days x10 ltrs x Rs.23 8,41,800

6 x 3000 (18,000) 4 x 5000 (20,000)

6 x 3000 (18,000) 4 x 5000 (20,000)

6 x 3000 (18,000) 4 x 5000 (20,000)

6 x 3000 (18,000) 4 x 5000 (20,000)

6 x 3000 (18,000) 4 x 5000 (20,000)

0 3,000 20,000 7,43,440

0 3,000 20,000 9,11,800

0 3,000 20,000 10,80,160

10,000 3,000 20,000 11,00,160

10,000 3000 20000 10,00,160

20,000 15,000 1,00,000 49,35,720

A

Cost of feed

2,36,520

2,36,520

2,36,520

2,36,520

2,36,520

11,82,600

B C D E F

Cost of Labour Vety. Medicine Fodder Insurance Miscellaneous TOTAL

84,000 10,000 10,000 36,000 10,000 3,86,520

84,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 3,50,520

84,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 3,50,520

84,000 10,000 10,000 36,000 10,000 3,86,520

84,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 3,50,520

4,20,000 50,000 50,000 72,000 50,000 18,24,600

Gross Profit (Return-Expenditure)

3,56,920

5,61,280

7,29,640

7,13,640

7,49,640

31,11,120

SL. No

PARTICULARS

A

1ST 12 cows x 8ltrs x 305 days x Rs.23

3RD 12 cows x 12lts x305 Days xRs.23 10,10,160

4TH 12 cows x 12lts x 305days xRs.23

5TH 5 cows x 12lts x 305days xRs.23

10,10,160

10,10,160

45,45,720

90,000

TOTAL

1,00,000

N.B. : Average annual Income ( by calculating mean of net profit of five years)= Rs 27,93,995 / 5 years = Rs 5,58,799.00 17

SCHEME FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF TWENTY MILCH COWS UNIT 1. CAPITAL EXPENDITURE I

FIXED CAPITAL EXPENDITURE

A

Construction of sheds for 20 milch cows head to head system 11ft x 5ft x 10nos=550sqft x 2 rows=1,100sq.ft. and common working space 4ftx50ft=200sqft.

Total sq.ft=1300sqft x Rs.250/ sq.ft.

B

C

Cost of construction of a calf shed measuring 12ft x 16ft = 192 sq.ft. Can constructed with G.C.I roof, cemented flooring, covered with bricks walls (192 sq.ft. x Rs 250/-) Cost of construction of 1 store cum attendant quarters, measuring 15ft x 15ft= 225 sq.ft. The structure will be made up of bamboo & timber and plastered with cement @ 250/-sq ft.

(15ft x 15ft x Rs 250/-)

IN RUPEES

3,25,000.00

48,000.00

56,250.00

D

Cost of twenty Jersey crossbreed cows @ Rs.25, 000 each with calf on foot.

E

Electric Chaff Cutter

25,000.00

F

Milking Machine (Bucket type)

70,000.00

G

Land and fodder development Rs 5,000/acres x 10 acres

50,000.00

TOTAL AMOUNT

5,00,000.00

Rs.10,74,250.00

II

RECURRING EXPENDITURE

A

Purchase of Milk Pail, Chains, Buckets, Ropes etc.

B

D

Cost of feed 4.5 kg (on an avg) x20cows x 365days=32,850 kgs x Rs.12/kg. (4.5 includes maintenance and production/pregnancy allowance) Cost of Insurance of twenty Cows @ 12% for a period of three years.

Cost of three Labours @ Rs.3,500/- month for 1 year

E

Veterinary Assistant & medicines

20,000.00

F

Miscellaneous

20,000.00

C

Total Amount

18

20,000.00 3,94,200.00

60,000.00 1,26,000.00

Rs.6,40,200.00

PROJECTED OPERATING STATEMENT OF TWENTY MILCH COWS DAIRY UNIT FIVE YEAR OF OPERATION RETURNS SL. No

PARTICULARS

A

Sale of Milk @ Rs.23/ kg B Sale of calves: a.Male @ Rs.3,000 b.Female @Rs.5,000 Sale of parent stock @ Rs.5,000/cow C Sale of Gunny Bags D Sale of Manure TOTAL EXPENDITURE:-

1ST 20 cows x 8ltrs x 305days x Rs.23 11,22,400

2ND 20cows x305days x10 ltrs x Rs.23 14,03,000

3RD 20 cows x 12lts x305days xRs.23 16,83,600

4TH 20cows x 12lts x 305days xRs.23 16,83,600

5TH 20 cows x 12lts x 305days xRs.23 16,83,600

10x3000 (30,000) 6x5000 (30,000)

10x3000 (30,000) 6x5000 (30,000)

10x3000 (30,000) 6x5000 (30,000)

0

0

10x3000 (30,000) 6x5000 (30,000) 4x5000 (20,000)

1,50,000

0

10x3000 (30,000) 6x5000 (30,000) 4x5000 (20,000)

7,000

7,000

7,000

7,000

7,000

35,000

30,000 12,19,400

30,000 15,00,000

30,000 17,80,600

30,000 18,00,600

30,000 18,00,600

1,50,000 81,01,200

TOTAL

75,76,200

1,50,000

40,000

A

Cost of feed

3,94,200

3,94,200

3,94,200

3,94,200

3,94,200

19,71,000

B C D E F

Cost of Labour Vety. Medicine Fodder Insurance Miscellaneous TOTAL

1,26,000 20,000 50,000 60,000 20,000 6,70,200

1,26,000 20,000 50,000

1,26,000 20,000 50,000

1,26,000 20,000 50,000

20,000 6,10,200

20,000 6,10,200

1,26,000 20,000 50000 60,000 20,000 6,70,200

20,000 6,10,200

6,30,000 1,00,000 2,50,000 1,20,000 1,00,000 13,97,000

GROSS PROFIT (Return- Expenditure)

5,49,200

8,89,800

11,70,400

11,30,400

11,90,400

49,30,200

N.B. : Average annual Income ( by calculating mean of net profit of five years)= Rs 43,93,025 / 5 years = Rs 8,78,605.00

19

COMPARITIVE INCOME STATEMENT BETWEEN A GOVERNMENT SERVANT AND A DAIRY FARMER

Sl. No

Employed Lowest Gazetted Officer Income per Annum

Self Employed Farmer Income per Annum

1.

Rs, 3,67,608/-

12 dairy unit Rs, 5,58,799/-

2.

Age limit on for 58 yrs.

No Age limit.

3.

Single Employment and Time constraint (10 Am- 4 Pm).

Other members of the family can also be engaged/provide employment to others.

4.

Sikkim Government Service Conduct rule is applicable.

Conduct rule not applicable.

5.

Earning Limited.

Earning not limited.

6.

No other activities like entrepreneurship for income generation.

Can pick up other activities simultaneously for added income.

20

20 dairy unit Rs 8,78,605/-

MILK FOR HEALTH & RURAL PROSPERITY