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November 19, 2014 Enterprise Publications, LLC
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Vol. 1 Issue 7
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ANTARCTICA by Janet Spencer 1700 E. Interstate Ave. | Bismarck, ND 58503 701-222-GRIN (4746) www.nelsonfamilydentistry.net
On November 18, 1820, an American seal hunter named Nathaniel Brown Palmer became the first American to lay eyes upon mainland Antarctica. He is considered to be one of three primary candidates to have discovered the frozen continent. Palmer proclaimed the frozen terrain before him to be Palmer Land, and the Palmer Archipelago still carries his name. Come along with Tidbits as we visit Antarctica! • The lowest reliably measured temperature of a continuously occupied station on Earth was −128.6°F (−89.2°C) on July 21, 1983 at Vostok Station.
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• In summer, the population of Antarctica averages about 5,000. In winter, it drops to 1,000. About 40,000 tourists visit each year. There are no permanent residents. • Antarctica is the only continent without a time zone. The scientists who reside there go by either the time of their home land or the supply line that brings them supplies. • Antarctica is the world’s largest desert. In Antarctica’s Dry Valleys, it hasn’t rained for more than 2 million years. The ground and climate so closely resemble the surface of Mars that NASA did testing there for the Viking mission. Turn the page for more!
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ANTARCTICA (continued):
NORTH & SOUTH: POLES APART • Early astronomers plotted the circle of the sun passing in orbit around the earth. (This was in the days when they thought the earth was the center of the universe.) The circle passed through the constellation of the Great Bear, whose name was Arktos. That is how the northernmost regions of the Earth near that circle became known as the Arctic. The prefix ‘ant-’ means opposite, so the Antarctic is the southernmost region of the planet. • The Antarctic has about eight times as much ice as the Arctic because the Antarctic is a continent and the Arctic is an ocean covered with ice. Land does not hold heat nearly as well as water does, so the ocean moderates the climate in the Arctic. The Arctic is not always cold: summer temperatures above 70°f (21°C) are fairly common. At Fort Yukon near the Arctic Circle in Alaska, it has even reached 100°f. (38°C) in the shade. However, the average year-round temperature in the Antarctic is -18°f. (-28°C) Summertime highs seldom go above freezing. • Both the Arctic and Antarctic are classified as deserts because annual precipitation totals less than 4 inches (10 cm) a year— but the snow that falls stays. In the Arctic, the ice eventually drifts and melts, but in the Antarctic it accumulates year after year. The deepest layers of ice in the Antarctic are some 3 million years old. In the Antarctic, the ice averages more than a mile (1.6 km) thick and is over 14,000 feet (4.2 km) deep at its thickest. The ice in the Arctic Ocean averages only 8 feet (2.5 m) thick. Only 5% of the Antarctic continent is ice-free. The weight of the ice on the Antarctic continent is so great that it has pressed much of the land below sea level. If all the ice were removed, much of the land would probably not rise above the water. • There are only three species of flowering plants living in the Antarctic, plus 75 kinds of moss and 400 kinds of lichen. In the Arctic, there are 900 types of flowering plants, 400 kinds of moss, and 2,000 species of lichen. The largest known land animal living on the Antarctic continent year-round is a wingless relative of the common housefly that is only 1/10th of an inch (.2 cm) long. The Arctic teams with wildlife such as polar bears, wolves, and musk ox. Furthermore, there are about 315 million people living within a radius of 2,700 miles (4,345 km) of the North Pole, but only 4,600 living within the same distance of the South Pole — and half of those only live there temporarily. See the next page for more!
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1. GEOGRAPHY: What is the capital of Texas? 2. MOVIES: How many von Trapp children were in “The Sound of Music”? 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE: To which British queen was the famous Koh-inoor diamond given? 4. PRESIDENTS: What U.S. president is depicted in the oldest surviving photograph of a president? 5. ANIMAL KINGDOM: What is a group of ferrets called? 6. TELEVISION: Who was the longtime host of “Soul Train”? 7. HISTORY: What was an oast house used for? 8. LITERATURE: What was Ernest Hemingway’s first novel? 9. MUSIC: Which 1970s band released the hit “Smoke on the Water”? 10. GAMES: What modern card game evolved from the older game of whist? (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.
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ANTARCTICA (continued):
SOUTH POLE COLDS • Scientists in Antarctica rarely suffer from colds because they are isolated from infected humans. However, when the supply ships arrive bringing visiting scientists, colds run rampant. In an experiment, each scientist was issued packets of iodine-impregnated tissues and instructed to sneeze and blow their nose into them, then wipe their faces and hands with a clean iodine tissue. Furthermore, they were asked to wipe their hands and faces every hour with the tissues. As a result, the number of new colds reported daily dropped from an average of 4.3 to 1.7. Biologists report that Antarctica has only one bacterium per pint of snow making it difficult to pick up illnesses that aren’t imported. HIGH, WIDE AND COLD
What do penguins eat for lunch? Ice burg-ers!
• The average altitude of the land is 6,000 feet (1,828 m) which is more than twice as high as any other continent. The ice is about 8,000 feet (2,438 m) thick on top of the mountains, making the total average height of the continent 14,000 feet (4,267 m). SEAL CAMS
1. Entering 2014, when was the last time the Los Angeles Dodgers won an N.L. pennant? 2. Three times in the 1990s, a pitcher led the American League in wins, strikeouts and ERA in the same season. Name either of the pitchers to do it. 3. In 1999, Wisconsin’s Ron Dayne became the fourth running back to rush for 1,000-plus yards each of four consecutive seasons. Name the first to do it. 4. Gregg Popovich currently is the longesttenured coach in the NBA. What year did he take over the San Antonio Spurs? 5. The Detroit Red Wings have made 23 consecutive NHL playoff appearances. Who was their coach the last time they didn’t reach the playoffs? 6. Name the first Central American men’s soccer team to win a World Cup game. 7. Who was the last Italian cyclist before Vincenzo Nibali in 2014 to win the Tour de France? (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.
• Researchers supported by the National Science Foundation wanted to find out what goes on in Antarctic waters. So the 8-member team based out of McMurdo Station strapped video cameras, infrared LEDs, and data recorders to 15 Weddell seals, released them, and then tracked their movements over the course of three summers. The laboratory was located above the only blow hole for miles around, so the wild seals had to return to the same spot to breathe and were prevented from swimming away with the equipment, which was worth some $25,000 per seal. The information the seals brought back led to new insights on the behavior of two little-known fish species, the silverfish and the toothfish, and the way seals hunt their prey. Scientists intend to use the “seal-cams” again in the future to study other deepwater species. ADMIRAL BYRD’S SOLITUDE • On one trip to Antarctica, explorer Admiral Byrd decided to see how prolonged isolation would affect the human psyche. He took up residence at the beginning of the dark Antarctic winter in a 9-by-13 foot (2.7 x 3.9m) cabin on the Ross Ice Shelf, 125 miles (200 km) away from the rest of his crew at their base. He kept busy with weather observations, books, records, and housekeeping. Radio contact with his crew was made three times a week. His sojourn began March 28, 1934 and by July, depression combined with carbon monoxide poisoning from a faulty stove caused his physical and psychological condition to deteriorate. Rescuers arrived on August 10, and found him so weakened that it was two months before they judged him strong enough to make the return trip to the base station. Admiral Bryd made five trips to the Antarctic and he always took his little dog named Igloo.
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Tidbits® of Bismarck Famous Canadians:
HUGH BLACKWALL EVANS • Hugh Blackwall Evans was the first Canadian to spend a winter in Antarctica. • Evans was born in England in 1874 and moved to Canada at the age of 16. After attending an agricultural school in the Northwest Territories, he spent the next three years as a hired hand on a cattle ranch. He returned to Britain in 1897 where he landed a job on a sailing brig called the Edward which embarked on a sealing expedition to Desolation Island. Desolation Island is one of the most isolated points on the planet, located more than 3,300 km (2,051 mi) away from the nearest populated place. It’s situated halfway between the Australian continent and Antarctica. Evans’ job was to collect specimens for display in a museum. • Because of this experience, Evans was hired to be the assistant zoologist for the British Antarctic Expedition in 1898. The Norwegian born captain, Carstn Borchgrevink, was determined to be the first expedition to spend the entire winter on the Antarctic continent. This was also the first expedition that pioneered the use of sled dogs in Antarctic travel.
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• They embarked in August of 1898 in a ship called the Southern Cross. The ship dropped off 75 sled dogs, a winter’s worth of supplies, and ten men (including Evans) at Cape Adare, the northwest-most extremity of the Ross Sea coastline. Once camp was established, the Southern Cross sailed away, leaving the men alone on the Antarctic for the duration of the winter. The men constructed a hut that was 15 feet square which was the first building on Antarctica. Additional huts provided storage space and shelter for the dogs. Continued on the next page.
by Samantha Weaver • It was noted American architect Frank Lloyd Wright who made the following sage observation: “The truth is more important than the facts.” • You might be surprised to learn that the Ford Mustang, an icon of American automobiles, was originally named the Torino. • If you live in Arkansas, you can reflect on the fact that your state is home to the only diamond mine in North America. • Popular Science magazine once dipped its toes into predictions -- and got it all wrong. In 1898, it published an article stating, “The energy necessary to propel [an airplane] would be many times greater than that required to drive a train of cars at the same speed; hence as a means of rapid transit, flying could not begin to compete with the railroad.” The magazine can be forgiven its lack of foresight, though, considering the fact that the first powered airplane flight didn’t even occur until five years later. • Tofu has the distinction of being the most hated food in America. • Method, a company that makes ecofriendly home-cleaning products, has at their headquarters a brainstorming room whose walls, floor and ceiling are completely covered in live, growing grass. The purpose? To bring the outdoors in, and to “keep Method weird.” • Those who study such things say that a $1 million lottery prize is actually worth about $468,000, once taxes and fees are deducted. • The next time you’re visiting Great Britain and someone offers you a dish called powsowdy, you might want to politely decline. Unless you’re an adventurous eater, a broth made from sheep’s heads probably won’t appeal. *** Thought for the Day: “If you haven’t got anything nice to say about anybody, come sit next to me.” -- Alice Roosevelt Longworth (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.
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HUGH B. EVANS (continued):
• When the main zoologist died of intestinal problems half way through the winter, he became the first person buried in Antarctica (with the help of dynamite to dig the grave) and Evans took over as the main zoologist. • On Nov. 19, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln delivers what will become one of the most famous speeches in American history at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Using just 272 words, Lincoln articulated the meaning of the Civil War for a public that had grown weary of the conflict. • On Nov. 23, 1876, William Marcy “Boss” Tweed, leader of New York City’s corrupt Tammany Hall political organization, is delivered to authorities in New York City after his capture in Spain. He had formed the “Tweed Ring,” which bought votes, encouraged judicial corruption and extracted millions of dollars from city contracts. • On Nov. 18, 1883, American and Canadian railroads begin using four continental time zones to end the confusion of dealing with thousands of local times. It was not until 1918 that Congress adopted the railroad time zones. • On Nov. 22, 1916, Jack London, who chronicled the last Wild West frontier of Alaska, dies in California. London only spent a brief time in the Klondike, but returned with a trove of tales. He produced over 50 volumes of short stories and novels, including “The Call of the Wild,” about a domestic dog who joins an Alaskan wolf pack. • On Nov. 20, 1947, Princess Elizabeth marries her distant cousin, Philip Mountbatten, former prince of Greece and Denmark who renounced his titles to marry the English princess. Mountbatten was made the Duke of Edinburgh. • On Nov. 17, 1972, socialite Barbara Baekeland is stabbed to death by her son, Antony, in London. When police arrived, Antony was calmly placing a telephone order for Chinese food. Antony was institutionalized until a bureaucratic mistake resulted in his release in 1980. He then moved to New York City, where he stabbed his grandmother. • On Nov. 21, 1986, National Security Council staff member Oliver North and his secretary, Fawn Hall, begin shredding documents that would have exposed their participation in a range of illegal activities. North was fired, but Hall continued to sneak documents to him by stuffing them in her skirt and boots. (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.
• During this time there were two near-fatal incidents, once when a candle left burning beside a bunk set fire to the hut and caused extensive damage, and another time when three of the party were nearly asphyxiated by coal fumes as they slept. • The man kept themselves busy by taking scientific observations, exercising the dogs when weather permitted, and soaking in an improvised sauna in a snowbank outside the hut. Still, boredom was rampant. It was 11 months before the Southern Cross returned for them. Before returning to England, they explored the Ross Sea and set a new record for the farthest south ever reached by humans. • They returned to England where they received a lukewarm reception. Captain Borchgrevink was, after all, half Norwegian and only half British. The geographical society of London had been planning a similar expedition and was upset that Borchgrevink had beaten them to the punch. Borchgrevink’s book about the expedition, First on the Antarctic Continent, was published the following year. • Hugh Blackwall Evans returned to Canada where he married, had two children, and raised cattle for many years. In 1923 he became a founder of the Alberta Wheat Pool and eventually retired in Vermilion, Alberta where he helped establish the Anglican Church. • He died in February of 1975 after being awarded the Polar Medal as the oldest living explorer from the heroic era. He was 100 years old.
1. Name the only hit by The Ivy Three. 2. What was the name of the theme song from the television series “Dr. Kildare”? 3. Which two female artists recorded “No More Tears (Enough is Enough)” as a duet? 4. Who sang with Elton John on “Don’t Go Breaking My Heart”? 5. Name the song that contains this lyric: “Well no one told me about her, what could I do, Well no one told me about her, though they all knew, But it’s too late to say you’re sorry, How would I know, why should I care, Please don’t bother tryin’ to find her.” (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.
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Tidbits® of Bismarck Oren has to learn not to be such a cranky old fart, but by that point, you’re not invested enough to care. Rob Reiner has a great track record of movies that are both funny and uplifting, but this one didn’t go that way.
EDITOR’S NOTE: DVDs reviewed in this column will be available in stores the week of Nov. 17, 2014. PICKS OF THE WEEK If I Stay (PG-13) -- Mia (Chloe Grace-Moretz) is a teenage girl with a talent for cello, nice parents, a rock ‘n’ roll boyfriend and a good chance of getting into Juilliard. While in the car with her loving family, they get into a horrible accident, and Mia’s body is rushed into surgery while her spirit looks on. Stuck between life and death, Mia has a decision to make. It sounds like it should be obvious, but she manages to stretch out the decision for the full run time. Actually, any of those things from the first sentence of this review could be enough to say “yes” to life. Really. Most people lean toward staying alive -- just as a general rule -if given the option. Do you sense what kind of melodrama we’re dealing with? To nobody’s surprise, the film is based on a bestselling novel for the young-adult market. And So It Goes (PG-13) -- In a sun-dappled Connecticut neighborhood, a grumpy old coot gets saddled with a precocious child who softens his image just enough to help him find new love. It is as boring and unoriginal as it sounds. Oren (Michael Douglas) is a realtor with no people skills and a raging case of the grouchies. His no-good son drops by to give over a 9-year-old grandchild before he heads to jail. Diane Keaton plays a well-intentioned neighbor whose jokes never land.
22 Jump Street (R) -- This is a sequel that truly builds on the success of its predecessor without recycling every single joke! In the last movie, 21 Jump Street, Channing Tatum and Jonah Hill were two cops tasked with infiltrating a local high school to bust up a drug ring. Putting two overgrown adolescents into an environment full of real adolescents turned out to be a great move, plus Tatum and Hill have an easy, funny and admirable take on adult male friendships (called “bromances” in the contemporary vernacular). This sequel sends the duo after a college-based crime ring, stepping up the humor and the action. The Wind Rises (PG-13) -- Japanese animator Hayao Miyazaki has an illustrious career that includes some of the world’s most-praised animated features. This movie has been called his farewell picture, and it’s a fitting image. The animated feature takes you into the mind of Jiro Hirokoshi, an airplane engineer with a sincere love of flight and the intangible beauty of mathematics. Unfortunately, Jiro’s masterwork designs were used by the Imperial Japanese military during World War II. Don’t let the cooked-up controversy keep you from seeing this gorgeous, heartfelt film. TV RELEASES The Paradise: Season 2 Masterpiece: Worricker -- Turks & Caicos King of the Hill: Season 7 Wolfblood: Season 2 One Piece: Season 6: Voyage Two (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.
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PENGUINS • Penguins have never been seen at the North Pole. However, they do live near the Equator. Penguins live in many places such as on the ice off the Antarctic continent, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, and even as for north as the Galapagos Island which is near the Equator. All of these areas are touched by cold ocean currents, which the birds love. They refuse to cross warm currents. • Penguins raise their families a little differently than most animals — the male is the one who incubates the egg while the female is totally out of the picture. The female lays the egg on the ice, then immediately takes to the ocean and is not seen again for the next two months or so while she feeds in warmer waters. The male holds the egg on the top of his feet and under a special pouch of blubber. He neither eats nor moves much as he incubates the egg through the two months of the worst winter weather. When the chick hatches, he feeds it a milk-like substance produced in his crop, and the chick eats from his throat. Only then does the female return, and the male goes to sea to replenish his blubber while she takes over. When he returns, they share the business of feeding Junior. If both parents are out fishing, the chick will be left in the care of another adult babysitter. Rookeries can contain more than a million birds. Since each pair lay only one egg per year, populations have a hard time recovering from disaster. • Penguins return to the very same nest year after year, building it up with new stones in a ring. When they return to their nesting grounds each year, the old nest is buried under several feet of snow. Still, the penguins know exactly where it is located and will place additional stones on top of the ice. When the snow melts, the new stones will be laying exactly on top of the old ones. Continued on the next page.
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PENGUINS (continued):
• In Welsh, “pen” means head, and “gwyn” means white, giving us the word penguin. • They are the only bird that can swim but can’t fly. They can swim up to 30 mph (48 km/hr). A penguin with a six-inch stride can run as fast as an average man. • Although they spend their lives eating live fish, when presented with a dead fish on the ground, they do not recognize it as food.
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• Penguins are monogamous and mate for life. The only way to tell male and female apart Sports Quiz is by autopsy, though during mating season Answers females might have muddy footprints on her 1. Colorado’s Dante Bichette, in 1998. back left by males during mating. 2. It was in 2002 (the Angels). • When the penguins find a mate, they bond 3. Eric Dickerson (1983) and George Rogers (1981). with each other by touching necks and 4. Ralph Sampson (1981-83). slapping each other on the back with their flippers. They also “sing” to each other so 5. The St. Louis Blues, who joined the NHL in 1967. they learn to recognize each other’s voices. 6. John Andretti, in 1999. • The emperor penguin is the largest species at 7. Bjorn Borg beat Premjit Lall, 20-18, in 4 ft. tall (1.2 m) and nearly 100 lbs. (45 kg). 1973. They are thought to be the only species of Trivia Test bird that never sets foot on land. They can Answers stay underwater for around 20 minutes at a 1. Austin time. 2. Seven • The smallest is the fairy penguin at 10 inches (25 cm) tall and weighing 2.5 lbs (1.1 kg). • Penguins can drink sea water, excreting the salt through grooves on their bill. They spend around half their time in water and the other half on land. They are warm blooded, with a body temperature of about 100°F. (37°C). • Their black and white plumage serves as camouflage while swimming. The black plumage on their back is hard to see from above, while the white plumage on their front looks like the sun reflecting off the surface of the water when seen from below. • 13 out of the 17 species of penguin are threatened or endangered.
3. Queen Victoria 4. John Quincy Adams 5. A business 6. Don Cornelius 7. Drying hops used in making beer and ale 8. “The Sun Also Rises” (1926) 9. Deep Purple 10. Contract bridge
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Flash Back Trivia Answers “Yogi,” in 1960. They disbanded in 1961. Check out the song on YouTube, and you’ll wonder how it became a hit. “Three Stars Will Shine Tonight” (1962) by the show’s star, Richard Chamberlain. Donna Summer and Barbra Streisand, in 1979. There were three versions: four, eight and 11 minutes. Kiki Dee, in 1976. “She’s Not There,” by the Zombies in 1964. Legend says the songwriter, Rod Argent, wrote it with his former fiancee in mind. She canceled their wedding just weeks before it was to take place.
Enterprise Publications, LLC, owned and operated by James and Nikki Wiese of Bismarck, recently acquired the rights to publish Tidbits® in the
Bismarck/Mandan area. Tidbits® is a light and interesting paper dedicated to publishing things you didn’t know. A “tidbit” is defined as “a tasty morsel to be devoured before the meal,” and that’s exactly what Tidbits® is.....a morsel for the mind. Tidbits® is published weekly, so look out! Tidbits® has arrived! Distributed at area restaurants, Tidbits® is meant to be picked up when entering and read while dining. Tidbits® provides food for thought, so Bon Appetit! Tidbits® can also be found wherever people are waiting. Whether you are waiting for your vehicle to have its oil changed or get new tires, or waiting for your doctor, chiropractor, optomistrist, or dentist, rest assured that Tidbits® will be there to keep you entertained! Once you are done waiting, either take it home for further enjoyment or leave it for the next person! Don’t worry about running out, because we will publish more each week. If you actually have a week where you are not waiting for something, rest assured that Tidbits® will still be there. Find and read each week’s edition online at our website, www.bismarcktidbits.com. Tidbits® is here for you.
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