Tidbits of Bismarck, Volume 2, Issue 16

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Volume 2, Issue 16

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FAMOUS RETAILERS

PART 2

by Kathy Wolfe This week, Tidbits continues its examination of the history of some famous retailers.

• Missouri native James Cash Penney moved to the drier climate of Colorado on his doctor’s advice, as he was susceptible to tuberculosis.

In 1898, he found work in a dry goods store called Golden Rule, and proved his worth in a short time. The owners asked Penney to partner with them in opening a new store in Kemmerer, Wyoming, and J.C. Penney opened the store in 1902. He bought out his partners in 1907, and in 1913, changed the chain to the J.C. Penney Company. Just four short years later, there were 175 Penney’s in 22 states.

• J.C. Penney lost nearly all his personal wealth in the 1929 stock market crash, but borrowed against his life insurance policies to make payroll until he could recover the company. By 1941, there were 1,600 stores in all 48 states. Penney’s introduced their own credit card in 1959. At their peak in 1973, the company operated 2,053 stores. Today, that number is 1,107. The original “mother store” in Kemmerer is still in operation, and has been declared a National Historic Landmark.

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FAMOUS RETAILERS (continued):

• By 1960, Seattle’s downtown Nordstrom’s shoe store was the largest shoe store in America, and there were eight locations in Washington and Oregon. In 1963, the company branched out into the women’s clothing business. Today, the fourth generation of the Nordstrom family heads up the company. From its humble beginnings of one small shoe store, Nordstrom’s operates 289 stores in 38 U.S. states and one in Canada, with annual sales exceeding $12 billion.

• Kohl’s didn’t start out as a department store.

The first Kohl’s was a Wisconsin supermarket, founded by Maxwell Kohl in 1946. In 1962, his chain was the largest of its kind in the Milwaukee area, and Kohl branched out, opening his first department store in Brookfield, Wisconsin, in 1962. It is now America’s largest department store chain, (having surpassed J.C. Penney in 2012), operating stores in 49 states.

• Aaron Montgomery Ward launched the nation’s first mail order business with a catalog of 163 items in 1872, a full 16 years before the Sears catalog appeared. By 1904, Ward was mailing a 4-lb. (1.8-kg) catalog to three million customers. He started his business in the loft of a Chicago livery stable, with $1,600 he and two partners had saved.

• Sears represented serious competition, and overtook Ward’s sales in 1900 with $10 million in sales compared to Ward’s $8.7 million. Sales had dramatically slipped by the 1960s and 1970s, and in 1985, after 113 years, the catalog division was closed. Today the Montgomery Ward brand is owned by Swiss Colony, Inc. See the next page for more!

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• Nordstrom’s started out as a small shoe store in Seattle, Washington, in 1901. John Nordstrom had emigrated to the United States from Sweden in 1887 at age 16, arriving with $5 in his pocket. Although he didn’t know a single word of English, he managed to work his way to Seattle. In 1897, he headed north to Alaska to search for gold. Two years later, Nordstrom returned to Seattle, $13,000 richer. He partnered up with a shoemaker he had met in the Klondike, and the pair opened Wallin & Nordstrom in 1901, with first day sales of $12.50. Within four years, annual sales had increased to $80,000. In 1923, they opened a second Seattle store. By 1929, both Wallin and Nordstrom had retired and sold their shares to Nordstrom’s sons.

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1. MONARCHIES: Who is the longest reigning monarch of Britain?

2. PRESIDENTS: Name the only U.S. president who never lived in the White House?

3. MYTHOLOGY: Which one of the Greek Muses was associated history?

4. GEOGRAPHY: What is the name of the strait that separates Sicily from the Italian mainland?

5. LANGUAGE: Who coined the word “utopia”?

6. HISTORY: When was Charles Lindbergh named Time magazine’s “Man of the Year”?

7. ENTERTAINMENT: Which 20th-century actress was dubbed “The Legs”?

8. GAMES: In cricket, how many players are on each side?

9. LITERATURE: Who wrote the 19thcentury novel “Little Dorrit”?

10. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE: What is antimony? (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

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FAMOUS RETAILERS (continued):

• A Montgomery Ward’s staff copywriter was responsible for the creation of Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer. Each year at Christmas, the chain gave away children’s coloring books to customers. In 1939, they wanted something new, an original Christmas storybook. Copywriter Robert May was asked to come up with a story, and “Rudolph” was the result. Two million copies were given to Ward’s customers that year.

It wasn’t until 10 years later that May’s brotherin-law Johnny Marks set the story to music. In 1949, singing cowboy Gene Autry, made it the second most popular Christmas song in history, second only to “White Christmas.”

• Barney Pressman opened his first store in Manhattan with $500 he received from pawning his wife’s engagement ring. The Pressman family retained a small percentage of the luxury store Barney’s until 2004, when, $500 million in debt, they sold out to a Dubai-based company.

• It should be no surprise that Walmart is the #1 retailer in America. Oklahoma-born Sam Walton went to work at a Des Moines, Iowa J.C. Penney store as a management trainee at age 22, just three days after his college graduation. Earning $75 a month, Walton stayed about 18 months before his World War II military service. After the war, he borrowed $20,000 from his fatherin-law and purchased a Ben Franklin variety store in Newport, Arkansas. By the early 1960s, Walton and his brother owned 15 Ben Franklin stores. In 1962, Walton opened his first Walmart store in Rogers, Arkansas. Five years later, the family owned 24 stores, with $12.7 million in annual sales. Five years after that, there were 51 stores, with sales of $78 million. In 1980, there were 276 stores, and in 1989, Walmart became the nation’s #1 retailer. Today, the company employs 2.2 million people worldwide, ringing up more than 200 million customers each week in 11,000 stores in 27 countries.

1. Three players have compiled 3,000 hits, 350 stolen bases and 250 home runs during their major-league career. Name two of them.

2. Who are the only two pitchers to toss a no-hitter against the same team twice in their career?

3. Three quarterbacks have tallied a total of 50 or more touchdown passes in their first two NFL seasons. Name two of them.

4. Oscar Robertson (1957-60) was the first player in University of Cincinnati men’s basketball history to compile 2,000 career points (2,973). Who was the second?

5. How many consecutive shootout losses did the New Jersey Devils have before the streak ended against Winnipeg in 2014?

6. When was the last time before 2014 that Honduras’ men’s soccer team scored a goal in World Cup play?

7. Who was the last University of Oregon cross-country runner before Edward Cheserek in 2013-14 to win consecutive Division I championships? (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

• Sebastian Kresge was working as a traveling salesman, peddling to all 19 Woolworth’s stores in the late 1800s. He made the decision to open his own store and invested $8,000 (about $227,000 in today’s dollars) to open a five-anddime in Memphis, Tennessee. By 1912, there were 85 stores, and by 1924, Kresge was worth about $375,000,000, which translates to nearly $5.2 billion today. In 1962, Kresge opened his first K-Mart store in Garden City, Michigan, a store still in operation today. In 2005, the K-Mart Corporation purchased Sears for $11 billion.

Page 3

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Page 4

NOTEWORTHY INVENTORS:

JOSEPH BOMBARDIER We owe the invention of the snowmobile to Canadian inventor Joseph-Armand Bombardier.

But that was just a small part of this man’s contributions. Here are the facts on the inventor and businessman.

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• Quebec-born Joseph had an affinity for mechanics from a young age. At 13, he fashioned a mechanical toy locomotive driven by a clock mechanism, and a steam engine created out of old sewing machine parts followed shortly afterward. It was the family’s hope that Joseph would join the priesthood, and in 1921, the 14-year-old was sent to seminary.

• When Joseph was 15, his father gave him an irreparable Model T Ford motor, which the boy soon transformed into the power behind an unusual sled, his first snow machine.

• Not suited to religious studies, at 17, Joseph began an apprenticeship at a Montreal garage and enrolled in night classes in mechanics and engineering. By 19, he had his own garage, and it seemed he could fix anything.

• In the winter of 1934, a days-long blizzard prevented Bombardier from getting his twoyear-old son to the hospital, and the boy died from a ruptured appendix. Joseph stepped up his efforts to invent a vehicle that could move over the snow. The result was a snowmobile that was steered by front skis and could carry seven people in its heated cabin. Within two years, he had built and sold 12 of his B7’s (“B” for bombardier, “7” for the number of passengers) to doctors, veterinarians, innkeepers, funeral directors, and schools.

Continued on the next page!

by Samantha Weaver • It was Senator Eugene McCarthy who made the following sage observation: “Being in politics is like being a football coach. You have to be smart enough to understand the game, and dumb enough to think it’s important.”

• In 1916, the town of Erwin, Tennessee, used a train’s derrick car to hang an elephant for the crime of murder.

• Your hands and feet have more sweat glands than any other part of your body.

• You might be surprised to learn that Zachary Taylor, the 12th president of the United States, didn’t vote in a single presidential election until his own name was on the ballot.

• If you leave a faucet running for a single minute, approximately 3 to 5 gallons of water will be washed down the drain.

• It was the spring of 1936, and John Steinbeck was working on his novel “Of Mice and Men.” He was also working on training his new puppy, Toby. The training evidently wasn’t going well; one day, Toby chewed up half of Steinbeck’s handwritten manuscript -- the only copy. The author took the setback pretty well, it seems: A few days after the incident, he wrote to a friend, “I was pretty mad but the poor little fellow may have been acting critically. I didn’t want to ruin a good dog on a [manuscript] I’m not sure is good at all. He only got an ordinary spanking with his punishment flyswatter.”

• It’s been reported that Elvis Presley knew by heart every word spoken in the film “Patton.”

• If you’re like 7 percent of American workers, you had a job at McDonald’s at some point in your life.

• According to ancient Chinese medical practice, doctors only got paid once their patients became healthy again. *** Thought for the Day: “Hell is a half-filled auditorium.” -- Robert Frost (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

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For Advertising Call: (701) 391-2076 JOSEPH BOMBARDIER (continued):

• With the success of the B7, Bombardier expanded into military vehicles and he became a major supplier for the World War II effort.

After the war, he pushed ahead to improve his inventions, producing a 12-passenger snowmobile, which was an immediate winner with police departments, the timber industry, and mining companies. An 18-passenger model quickly followed, which was used by schools in the snowy climate of Quebec and Ontario.

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• On April 13, 1360, an Easter Monday hailstorm kills an estimated 1,000 English soldiers in Chartres, France. Lightning struck down several leaders, and hailstones began pelting the soldiers, scattering the horses. Hail typically falls at about 100 mph.

• On April 17, 1885, Karen Dinesen, better known by her pen name Isak Dinesen, is born in Denmark. Dinesen’s memoir, “Out of Africa” (1937), helped demystify the Dark Continent for millions of readers. She published several other story collections before her death in 1962.

• On April 19, 1897, John J. McDermott of New York won the first Boston Marathon in a time of 2:55:10. Various routes had been considered before a measured distance of 24.5 miles from the Irvington Oval in Boston to Metcalf’s Mill in Ashland was selected. The marathon’s distance was changed in 1908 to its current length of 26 miles 385 yards.

• On April 14, 1918, six days after being assigned to the Western front, pilot Douglas Campbell from the U.S. First Aero Squadron engages in America’s first aerial dogfight with enemy aircraft. By the end of May, Campbell had shot down five enemy planes, making him the first American to qualify as a “flying ace” in World War I. • On April 16, 1943, Albert Hoffman, a Swiss chemist working at the Sandoz pharmaceutical research laboratory, accidentally consumes LSD-25, resulting in unusual sensations and hallucinations. Widespread use of the so-called mind-expanding drug began in the 1960s.

• On April 15, 1967, a massive parade to protest Vietnam War policy is held in New York. Police estimated that 100,000 to 125,000 people listened to speeches by Martin Luther King, Jr. and Dr. Benjamin Spock. Prior to the march, youths burned nearly 200 draft cards in Central Park.

• On April 18, 1983, the U.S. embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, is almost completely destroyed by a car-bomb explosion that kills 63 people, including the suicide bomber and 17 Americans. The terrorist attack was carried out in protest of the U.S. military presence in Lebanon. (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

• Bombardier was soon designing vehicles to undertake different terrains, such as swamps, bogs, and mud. Some had tracks for traction, while others had an interchangeable system of wheels and skis. In 1953, he introduced the allterrain Muskeg tractor, able to haul skiers up a mountain as well as clear roads.

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• Perhaps his best-known triumph came along in 1953. Using a lighter engine, Bombardier created the Ski-Doo snowmobile, a $900 machine for outdoor recreation lovers. Originally slated to be called the Ski-Dog, intended to replace the dogsled, it became the Ski-Doo when a painter misread the name and painted Ski-Doo on the prototype. Mass production of the unit began in 1959, and was immediately embraced not only by recreationists, but hunters, prospectors, surveyors, missionaries, and trappers as well.

Bombardier’s company was enjoying annual sales of $3.5 million by the end of the 1950s.

• Along with his genius mechanical abilities, Joseph was devoted to community service and had a great love of music, singing in the church choir and accompanying his children on the piano. In the midst of an exceptional career, he died at age 56. Following his death, the familyowned business expanded into locomotives and aircraft, and today Learjet is one of their subsidiaries.

1. Who recorded “Family Affair,” and when?

2. Name the song released by songwriter Ned Miller (1957), Elvis Presley (1969) and Ricky Van Shelton (1988).

3. Which band recorded “A Horse With No Name”?

4. Who released “Cars” in 1979?

5. Name the song that contains this lyric: “I just feel a sweet contentment deep inside, Holding you at night just seems kind of natural and right, And it’s not hard to see, That it isn’t half of what it’s going to turn out to be.” (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

Tidbits® of Bismarck

Page 6 F. W. WOOLWORTH Frank Winfield Woolworth had a brand-new idea back in 1878, the “five-and-dime” store.

Here’s the history of his endeavors that made “Wooworth’s” a household name.

• The Woolworth family were farmers in upstate New York, but farming wasn’t Frank’s career choice. After finishing school, he found work at the local dry goods store, where he came up with a few ideas for a store of his own.

• In 1878, when Frank was 26, he borrowed $300 from his boss to open Woolworth’s Great Five Cent Store in Utica, New York. Within months, the store had failed. Refusing to give up, Woolworth tried Lancaster, Pennsylvania, for another store, using the same sign he’d used in Utica. He expanded his inventory to include items up to 10 cents, such as gravy strainers, scoops, purses, biscuit cutters, soap writing books, pie plates, handkerchiefs, and hundreds of other novelties. In 1880, Woolworth’s added manufactured Christmas tree ornaments with resounding success.

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• Woolworth introduced a novel idea of displaying his merchandise, different from other stores of the period. While other retailers kept their goods behind a counter, requiring customers to present the clerk with a list of desired items, Woolworth used self-service display cases with all prices clearly marked to avoid haggling with customers.

Continued on the next page!

The seedy, needy, murky and alluring underbelly of Hollywood stars in this tale about awful people and their tangling webs of intersecting selfish desires. It’s awfully moody and has a rough final act, but it might just be worth it if you’re a fan of director David Cronenberg.

EDITOR’S NOTE: DVDs reviewed in this column will be available in stores the week of April 13, 2015.

PICKS OF THE WEEK Big Eyes (PG-13) -- Walter Keane (Christoph Waltz) was rich and renowned for his eyecatching paintings of tiny girls with big, vacuous eyes. His wife, Margaret Keane (Amy Adams), enjoyed the fruits of the commercial success, all while suffering under weight of one big lie -- she was the painter, she invented the haunting images, and she let Walter talk her into his taking the credit. He told her that people aren’t interested in “lady art.”

Tim Burton directs this true-to-life tale about the artist whose work rose to great commercial heights in the 1950s and ‘60s. It’s not your usual Burton flick -- a bit toned down, focused on lovingly telling the story of a kitsch artist admired by the director.

Maps to the Stars (R) -- Agatha (Mia Wasikowska) has just returned to L.A. Just out of the psych ward, she’s speckled with unexplained burn scars, and she has a strange, unwavering look in her eyes. Agatha becomes the personal assistant to a famous actress (Julianne Moore), who is ever melting-down and clawing to get the role that will rejuvenate her career. There also is Agatha’s father (John Cusack), a schlocky guru who counsels Hollywood train wrecks, including Moore’s character.

The Babadook (NR) -- After seeing this movie, it might take you a little longer than usual to get to sleep. This unexpected hit will send shivers down your spine with the story of a creepy, murderous creature who comes into your life and won’t leave you until the awful end. Shaken little 6-year-old Samuel (Noah Wiseman) finds a pop-up book called “Mister Babadook,” and it gives him terrifying nightmares. His widowed mother, Amelia (Essie Davis), reaches her limit with Samuel’s constant bad behavior and wailing about nightmares. Then the Babadook starts to visit her while she sleeps.

Antarctica: A Year on Ice (PG) -- Been a long winter? Had it with the ice and snow and general chilling of activities? This documentary shows you the people who can sympathize with that, and then doggedly laugh in your face. The world’s loneliest continent also is the world’s harshest, coldest environment, and yet there are people living there. Their seasons aren’t like ours -- it’s always cold, and the nights can last for weeks. This focus on the little things of living life in a frozen, alien world sets this film apart from other nature documentaries that go to extreme places.

TV RELEASES “Foyle’s War, Set 8” “Haunting: Season 7” “Teen Titans Go!: Appetite For Disruption Season Two Part One” “Jag: The Complete Series” “Metal Hurlant Chronicles: The Complete Series” (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

Page 7

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Sports Quiz Answers 1. Craig Biggio, Rickey Henderson and Derek Jeter.

2. Addie Joss (1908, ‘10 versus Chicago White Sox) and Tim Lincecum (2013, ‘14 versus San Diego).

3. Dan Marino (68), Peyton Manning (52) and Russell Wilson (52).

4. Sean Kilpatrick (2,145 points, 2010-14).

5. An NHL-record 18 games.

6. It was 1982, when Honduras scored a goal against both Northern Ireland and Spain.

7. Steve Prefontaine, 1970-71.

F. W. WOOLWORTH (continued):

• Within just a few years Woolworth was a millionaire. By 1909, he had expanded to England. In 1912, there were close to 600 stores, and the company’s new corporate headquarters in New York City was under construction. In 1913, the Woolworth Building opened its doors, a 60-store skyscraper that was the tallest building in the world at 792 feet (241 m), an honor it held until 1930. It was built at a cost of $13.5 million, paid for by Woolworth in cash out of his private funds.

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• In 1917, the Woolworth family moved into Winfield Hall, a newly-constructed Italian Renaissance 56-room mansion on 16 acres on Long Island. With walls and pillars of marble, the home cost $90 million in 1917, with its entryway’s grand staircase alone costing $2 million.

• In 1919, when there were 1,000 stores, tragedy struck. Frank Woolworth, who had had a lifelong fear of dentists, ignored symptoms of infection, and died from septic poisoning as a result of an abscessed tooth. The company was handed over to his brother Charles, and within 10 years, another 1,250 stores were added.

During the mid-1920s, a store was opened every 17 days.

• The five-and-dime concept began to disappear in 1932 when a line of 20-cent merchandise was added. In 1935, the company discontinued its 20-cent limit altogether.

• Lunch counters were incorporated into many stores, and throughout the 1940s, Woolworth’s was America’s largest restaurant chain. The lunch counter in Greensboro, N.C. made history in 1960, when four black students sat down at the segregated counter and were refused service, setting off a series of civil rights’ sit-ins and boycotts.

• In the late ‘70s, the company was the world’s largest department store chain. Even as the company acquired other stores chains, its own variety store sales were dwindling. In 1997, the last of the stores closed, and the company was renamed the Venator Group. It now focuses on its most successful retailer, Foot Locker, Inc.

Flash Back Trivia Answers 1. Sly and the Family Stone, in 1971. It was their last No. 1 hit, although they continued to release songs for five more years.

2. “From a Jack to a King.” Its highest ranking was No. 1 on the Irish Singles chart in 1962.

3. America, in 1971.

4. Gary Numan.

5. “It’s Getting Better,” Cass Elliot, aka Mama Cass of The Mamas & The Papas, in 1969.

Others had recorded the song, it was Cass who made it a hit. Urban legend said that she died in bed after choking on a ham sandwich. Not true. It was a heart attack ... in the same London flat where drummer Keith Moon died four years later.

Trivia Test Answers 1. Queen Victoria, 63 years. Queen Elizabeth II would surpass her on Sept. 9, 2015.

2. George Washington 3. Clio 4. Messina 5. Thomas More 6. 1927 7. Betty Grable 8. 11 9. Charles Dickens 10. A metal element

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Page 8

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