Tidbits of Bismarck, Volume 2, Issue 24

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Volume 2, Issue 24

Enterprise Publications, LLC

For Advertising Information Call: (701) 391-2076

jim@bismarcktidbits.com

TIDBITS® VACUUMS UP

DUST

by Janet Spencer

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On June 8, 1869, Ives W. McGaffey patented a suction-type vacuum cleaner in Chicago, IL. Called the Whirlwind, it was difficult to use because the operator had to manually turn a crank while pushing it across the floor. Come along with Tidbits as we vacuum up the dust!

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• It’s been estimated that there are over 1,500 motes of dust in a typical cubic inch (2.5 cm) of air, even air that’s considered to be ‘clean.’

Human lungs take in about 14,000 quarts (13,250 l) of air daily, and contained in those 14,000 quarts of air are about a billion and a half particles of dust. One of the major components of house dust is microscopic flakes of human skin. You inhale about 700,000 of your own skin flakes daily.

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• What is dust? It’s salt from the sea, singlecelled diatoms from the oceans, forest fire smoke, volcano ash, bacteria, viruses, fungus spores, mold, pollen, and insect parts. About half of the dust that floats around in the air is a result of human activities such as agriculture, industry, and transportation.

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SNIGLET DEFINITION • ‘Frust’ is the small line of debris that refuses to be swept onto the dust pan and keeps backing a person across the room until they finally decide to give up and sweep it under the rug.

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(continued): DUST AND HUMANITY • As Hannah Holmes explains in “The Secret Life of Dust” humans can’t do without dust.

Cement is a mixture of rock dust and pebbles.

Rock dust is used in toothpaste, talcum powder, cosmetics, and medicine tablets such as aspirin.

The pencil lead is compressed graphite dust; chalk is limestone dust; bread is wheat dust; mustard is the dust of mustard seeds; cocoa is the dust of cocoa beans.

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• Dust has a huge amount of surface area available: you wouldn’t drop whole coffee beans into hot water; instead you add coffee dust. You don’t put a whole bar of soap into the laundry; you add soap dust. Surface area increases the amount of interaction that can take place. Sometimes that can be detrimental.

GRAIN DUST • When grain is poured into a grain elevator, billions of grain dust particles fly into the air, rising into the enclosed elevator like a cloud. If the dust cloud is mixed with oxygen it becomes explosively flammable if a spark is provided.

Sometimes a static electricity spark or the flipping of a light switch is all it takes to blow the roof off the grain elevator.

• Between 1900 and 1955 there were around 1,000 grain dust explosions not only at grain elevators but also at malt houses and food processing plants across the U.S., killing a total of about 650 people. Similar dust explosions have happened in woodworking shops, coal dryers, fertilizer plants, cotton factories, and other industries that deal with pulverized matter.

In 1998 alone there were 18 dust explosions in the U.S. • One of the biggest happened in Haysville, Kansas on June 8, 1998, when seven workers at the DeBruce Grain elevator died when something triggered an explosion of grain dust so big that houses rattled in Wichita ten miles away. It was one of the largest grain elevators in the world.

The grain burned for weeks.

THE IMPORTANCE OF DUST • Moisture in the atmosphere condenses as it cools. However, the water must condense upon something that it can cling to. Dust serves that purpose. In air that contains absolutely no dust, droplets would simply bounce off each other and would not condense until the atmosphere reached an incredible 300% humidity. Every single drop of rain and snow that falls contains a piece of dust, so precipitation really does “clean” the air.

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• If there’s too much dust in the atmosphere, water droplets are divided between so many particles that none of the drops ever gets big enough to fall to the earth. A super dusty cloud can hold up to twice as much actual water as a normal cloud, but each droplet is half the normal size and no rain falls.

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1. HISTORY: When did the U.S. Supreme Court become a nine-member body?

2. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE: The image of “Rosie the Riveter,” a woman working in a factory, arose from which war?

3. ANIMAL KINGDOM: What animal’s diet consists mainly of eucalyptus leaves?

4. GEOGRAPHY: What is the capital of the Czech Republic?

5. MYTHOLOGY: What was the name of Orpheus’ beloved wife, doomed to die from a viper bite?

6. GAMES: In poker, what is a full house?

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9. ETIQUETTE: Who is traditionally supposed to host the bachelor’s party for a groom?

10. MUSIC: Who composed the opera “The Magic Flute”? (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

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DUST

(continued): • Huge fires such as those that sometimes burn in the tropics produce gigantic smoke plumes.

Studies done by NASA showed that clouds that pass through this smoke will become supersaturated in dust and will subsequently drop far less rain than clouds that skirt the edges of the smoke. A similar study showed that when volcanoes exploded upwind of the island of Taiwan, the rainfall amounts on Taiwan dropped.

This is why cloud seeding is such a tricky business. In cloud seeding, either solid particles of carbon dioxide dry ice or a fine mist of silver iodide are spread through clouds. Too much and the cloud dissipates. Just the right amount, and rain falls.

PLANT STONES • If you’re a plant and you want to prevent caterpillars and other vegetarian insects from eating you, what do you do to protect yourself?

Well, if you’re like most plants, you make sure there’s a hard gritty piece of stone inside each and every cell that might be eaten, making it an unpleasant meal for bugs. These microscopic stones are called phytoliths. Each of the cells in the plant’s leaves, fruit skins, or seed husks contain a tiny mineral rock, making it scratchy.

This is what makes bran cereal so rough. When the plants die and deteriorate, their phytoliths are released into the air as dust.

IT’S A FACT • The German word “dunst” meaning vapor gives us our word dust.

• The word dirt comes the Old Norse “drit” meaning excrement.

• “Manure” and “maneuver” have the same origin, the Old French word “manoeuvrer” meaning to till the soil or to work by hand.

2. In 2014, Mike Zunino set a record for most home runs by a Seattle Mariners catcher (22).

Who had held the mark?

3. Denver’s Peyton Manning, in 2013, became the second quarterback to be named to The Associated Press NFL All-Pro team seven times. Who was the first?

4. When was the last time that the Creighton men’s basketball team reached the NCAA Tournament’s Sweet 16?

5. In the 1959-60 season, Boston’s Doug Mohns became the second NHL defenseman to tally 20 goals in a season. Who was the first?

6. How many consecutive seasons has NASCAR driver Jeff Gordon captured at least one pole position?

• “Bonfire” comes from “bonefire,” a fire built to cremate a dead body.

• A grain of dust floating in a sunbeam is halfway in size between a sub-atomic particle and the size of the planet Earth.

• When astronauts Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Buzz Aldrin returned from the moon, they dutifully declared their lunar rocks and moon dust on customs forms.

• Dust storms in Arizona cause about 40 traffic accidents in a typical year.

• Just when people in a Texas town met to decide the name of the city, a violent sandstorm whipped up dust in huge clouds. Taking this as a sign from God, the town was named Earth.

• During medieval times, mummies found in Persia were ground into dust and sold as medicine.

7. When was the last time before 2015 that tennis star Roger Federer failed to reach the Australian Open semifinals in men’s singles? (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

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NASA’S DUST COLLECTION • NASA actually keeps a Dust Library.

There’s a collection of about 100,000 specks of space dust on file at the Johnson Space Center in Houston. Scientists collect space dust from places such as trapped in the Antarctic ice, in the mud at the bottom of the ocean, collected by weather balloons, or gathered by spacecraft in orbit. Space dust generally clings to a magnet whereas earth dust does not, making it easy to separate and identify.

1. Three players have hit 400 home runs in a Boston Red Sox uniform. Name them.

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• In 1907 Murray Spangler was trying to make a living as an inventor. To make ends meet, he worked nights as a janitor in a department store in Canton, Ohio. Spangler’s asthma acted up every time he cleaned the store’s rugs with a broom because he was allergic to the dust. He had seen suction sweepers but they were awkward and often ineffective. He knew there had to be a better way.

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• Using a tin soap box, an electric fan, a rotating brush, a pillow case, and a broom handle, he put together a contraption. He showed it to his cousin, Susan. She used it in her home and raved about it to her husband, who everyone called Boss.

• Boss owned a leather goods manufacturing shop but he was so interested in the invention that he bought Spangler’s patent, hired him as a partner, and soon had six employees making suction sweepers in the corner of his shop.

• Boss placed an ad in the “Saturday Evening Post” giving ten days free use of a Suction Sweeper to anyone who wrote with a request.

Rather than simply mailing them a sweeper, he sent the customers to local stores that had agreed to become dealers. In short order he had a nationwide network of dealers as well as teams of salesmen who went door-to-door demonstrating the product, ensuring that the vacuum cleaners soon became a standard household item.

• The vacuum company, named after Boss’s last name, is one of the top vacuum manufacturers in the world today. What company is it? (Answer at the end of this article.)

FACT • The average carpet will harbor anywhere between three tablespoons and three cups of dust and dirt per square yard.

Continued on the next page!

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by Samantha Weaver • It was back in the 19th century that American author and philosopher Henry David Thoreau made the following sage observation: “Men have become the tools of their tools.”

• Clinomania is an affliction that affects a large percentage of the American population.

If you suffer from an overwhelming desire to stay in bed, you’re one of us.

• If you’re like most parents, at one time or another you’ve been shocked by how quickly your kids outgrow things -- especially shoes.

What may be an annoyance in a developed country is a major problem in undeveloped areas of the world; Kenton Lee is working on changing that. As a volunteer in an orphanage in Kenya, he noticed that many children had the toes cut out of their shoes just so they could fit in their feet. After returning home, Lee developed an adjustable sandal that can grow with a child, increasing up to five sizes via a system of snaps. Although the shoe is only made available to nonprofits for those in need, domestic demand is increasing. If you’re a parent sick of buying seemingly endless pairs of new shoes, you’ll be glad to hear that Lee and his team are working on a commercial version.

• You might be surprised to learn that actor David Duchovny, best known for his role in “The X-Files,” was just a dissertation away from being awarded a doctorate in English literature.

• In 16th- and 17th-century Europe, it was considered fashionable to attend public dissections of human bodies.

So-called anatomy days often included music, speeches and processions. Viewers could even pass around body parts for inspection, though taking the parts home was forbidden. *** Thought for the Day: “You can get more with a kind word and a gun than you can from a kind word alone.” -- Al Capone (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

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Page 5

VACUUM CLEANERS (continued):

IT’S A FACT • In the early days of vacuum cleaners, Hoover salesmen were required to make 15 sales calls each week. In 1922, there were 748 salesmen making a total of 549,780 sales calls that year.

31% of people pitched bought the product.

CLEANING UP • Melville and Anna Bissell owned a crockery and china shop in Grand Rapids, Michigan in the late 1800s. Melville had allergies and Anna did her best to keep their store dust-free. But there was a lot of sawdust in the shop and it clung to the carpets on the floor. In frustration, Anna asked Melville if he couldn’t come up with an invention to keep their carpets cleaner.

• In 1876, Melville Bissell patented the Bissell Carpet Sweeper. Although there were already carpet sweepers on the market, Bissell’s model was light and easy to use, it worked on uneven floors, and it picked up dirt without creating a cloud of dust. Bissell Carpet Sweepers proved to be so popular that by 1883 Melville and Anna had given up their crockery shop and gone into the carpet sweeper business full time.

• On June 10, 1752, Benjamin Franklin flies a kite during a thunderstorm and collects a charge in a Leyden jar when the kite is struck by lightning, demonstrating the electrical nature of lightning. Among the terms coined

by Franklin are “battery,” “conductor” and “electrician.”

• On June 8, 1896, President Grover Cleveland calls for an investigation into the number of “aliens,” or foreign nationals, employed in the federal government. Antiimmigrant sentiment was widespread, as immigrants were blamed for increases in crime and for driving down wages.

• On June 14, 1909, folksinger Burl Ives is born in Illinois. Ives is best known for his voiceover work as Sam the Snowman in the animated Christmas special “Rudolph the RedNosed Reindeer.”

• On June 11, 1949, Hank Williams makes his Grand Ole Opry debut, electrifying a live audience at Ryman Auditorium that called him out for six encores. Organizers implored fans not to call him out for more so the rest of the show could go on.

• On June 9, 1954, Joseph Welch, special counsel for the U.S. Army, lashes out at Senator Joseph McCarthy during hearings on whether communism had infiltrated the U.S. armed forces. Welch’s verbal assault marked the end of McCarthy’s power during the anticommunist hysteria.

• On June 13, 1971, The New York Times begins to publish parts of a top-secret Department of Defense study of America’s involvement in the Vietnam War. The “Pentagon Papers” indicated that the government had been lying for years about the war.

• On June 12, 1987, during a speech in Berlin, President Ronald Reagan famously challenges Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to “tear down this wall.” The Berlin Wall had been erected in 1961 to prevent East Germans from escaping to the West. (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

• When Melville died in 1889, Anna took over the business until her death in 1934 at the age of 87. Anna Bissell was one of America’s first female CEOs. The Bissell Company is still run by family members. Their carpet sweepers are most commonly found in places like restaurants where crumbs regularly need to be swept without disturbing diners.

IT’S A FACT • One kind of early day vacuum cleaner was powered by bellows that were connected to a rocking chair. The man would read the evening newspaper, smoking his pipe and rocking, while the wife did the vacuuming.

• Answer: Hoover.

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1. Name the solo artist who had a solo hit with “Sunshine.”

2. “Bridge Over Troubled Water” is the signature song of which duo?

3. Which country artist released “He’ll Have to Go” in 1959?

4. Where did the lyrics come from for “Turn, Turn, Turn”?

5. Name the song that contains this lyric: “Well I learned how to love, Even learned how to lie, So you think I could learn, How to tell you goodbye.” (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

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AIR POLLUTION: SMOG • Long ago people in Britain used wood as fuel.

When the supply of wood ran short, they began burning coal. Some coal burns fairly cleanly, but the cheapest coal does not. It smokes a lot and loads the air with sulfur. The word “smog” was invented in 1905 by a person describing the combination of fog and coal smoke over London.

London smog led to one of the deadliest dust episodes in history.

• On December 5, 1952, a temperature inversion moved over London. A layer of cold air was trapped by a layer of warm air which acted like a lid. Sulfurous coal soot was trapped in the air around the city. The moisture in the air condensed around the smoke particles, forming a thick fog. Visibility dropped to a few feet. The smog stung the eyes and caused skin irritation. Cattle began dropping dead of asphyxiation. People with respiratory illnesses or cardiovascular problems became seriously sick.

Those suffering from bronchitis or pneumonia who might have recovered under normal conditions died instead. By the time the inversion lifted on December 9, about 4,000 people had died from breathing the highly acidic polluted fog.

• As a result of the “Black Fog,” Parliament enacted the Clean Air Act in 1956, reducing the coal-burning allowed in the city.

Continued on the next page!

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EDITOR’S NOTE: DVDs reviewed in this column will be available in stores the week of June 8, 2015.

PICKS OF THE WEEK Kingsman: Secret Service (R) -- Behind a London tailor shop conspires a top-secret group of elite spies named after knights from King Arthur’s court, whose gadgets, skills and wit are the world’s best chance against supervillains.

Colin Firth stars as “Gallahad” a bespectacled veteran agent who takes an interest in “Eggsy,” a rough-around-the-edges youth and promising recruit. A villainous Samuel L. Jackson stirs up chaos as a super-wealthy American mogul with access to mind control.

This ultra-violent adventure lands somewhere between James Bond and “Kill Bill.” There’s even a gorgeous female minion who fights using weaponized prosthetic legs. The violence gets intentionally gratuitous at times, but when the scenery gets drenched in blood, the movie wipes it up with dry humor.

Serena (R) -- A dashing lumber baron (Bradley Cooper) and his ravishing new wife (Jennifer Lawrence) become entangled in a web of jealousy and violence in this lukewarm suspense drama. George Pemberton (Cooper) proposes to Serena (Lawrence) the minute he sees her.

After their whirlwind romance, they settle into his North Carolina lumber mill where a jealous business partner, a conservationist sheriff and George’s pregnant ex-fling are all waiting to tip things over.

Cooper and Lawrence have quantifiable chemistry, but the reactants just didn’t react in this environment. The duo lit up the screen in “Silver Linings Playbook” and “American Hustle,” but the script works against them here.

More suspense? More murder? It just needs more room for the actors to breathe.

Project Almanac (PG-13) -- In this foundfootage adventure (which is apparently still a viable genre), a gaggle of modern-day teens discover plans for a time-machine, and get to work using it on the most pedestrian applications.

With extraordinary cosmic power, these kids go back in time to help a buddy pass a chemistry test, or buy the winning lotto numbers, or get back at a

bully. Of course, these little indulgences ripple into larger consequences for the time stream.

Time-travel adventures are hard to write -- so many paradoxical rules to follow, even when you’re playing it loose.

Red Army (PG) -- From the ‘70s up to the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Soviet Union had an iron grip on the Olympic gold and worldchampionship titles for hockey. The Red Army team was unbeatable on the ice, and even drew the attention of Ronald Reagan, who urged the U.S. hockey team to prove the superiority of capitalism by defeating the Reds in the rink.

This funny-now documentary focuses on the USSR team captain, Slava Fetisov, as he gives his account of hockey glory, Russian pride and Soviet oppression.

TV RELEASES “Teen Wolf: Season 4” “Hart To Hart: The Final Season” “The Last Ship: Season 1” “Thunderbirds: The Complete Series” “Miss Marple: Volume Three” “Forsyte Saga: The Complete Series” (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

For Advertising Call: (701) 391-2076 AIR POLLUTION: SMOG (continued):

LOS ANGELES LANDSLIDE • In L.A. in 1994 earthquakes caused landslides in the area. The landslides created clouds of dust that engulfed entire towns. A few days later, people began showing up at hospitals complaining of fever, coughing, and fatigue. Over 200 people got sick. The Centers for Disease Control investigated. Mapping the location of the victims showed that they had all been in the path of the dust clouds. They had inhaled fungus spores in immense numbers, causing them to become ill.

FAST FACT

Trivia Test Answers 1. 1869, set by Congress 2. World War II 3. Koala 4. Prague 5. Eurydice 6. Three of a kind and a pair 7. Vitamin D deficiency 8. Personal property 9. The best man 10. Mozart

• Some researchers theorize that people who experience chronic sinusitis are actually suffering from their body’s auto-immune response to fungus spores in the air.

ASTHMA • One study showed that kids who live on farms suffered from less asthma than kids who live in the city. A study of Berlin shortly after the Berlin Wall fell found that in wealthy West Germany, asthma was common, but in impoverished East Germany it was rare.

• It has long been known that asthma is far more common in wealthy developed nations than in poverty-stricken undeveloped nations.

In the U.S., the number of people who suffer Sports Quiz from asthma has grown by 50 percent per decade Answers 1. Ted Williams, Carl Yastrzemski and David since 1970. Other nations such as New Zealand, Britain, Japan, Australia, and the Netherlands Ortiz. have also experienced asthma epidemics. In fact, 2. Miguel Olivo, with 19 in 2011. military records in Finland show that the number 3. Cleveland’s Otto Graham. of young men with asthma has multiplied an 4. It was 1974.

5. Detroit’s Flash Hollett, in the 1944-45 incredible twenty times since 1960.

• Why? Researchers theorize that constant season. exposure to dust and dirt challenges the immune 6. Twenty-three consecutive seasons. system and keeps it strong. People who live in a 7. It was 2003. fairly sterile environment have immune systems that get totally freaked out when hit by a load Flash Back Trivia of dust they’re unfamiliar with. The immune Answers 1. Jonathan Edwards, in 1971. Despite having system then goes overboard trying to fight the only the one hit, Edwards has been busy all these “invader” which it doesn’t recognize as being years collaborating with other artists, opening ordinary dust. shows, doing session work and touring.

2. Simon and Garfunkel, in 1970. The song won five Grammys.

3. Jim Reeves. The song stayed at No. 11 for a whopping 14 weeks.

4. The Bible -- Chapter 3 of the Book of Ecclesiastes.

5. “You Don’t Bring Me Flowers” by Neil Diamond (1977) and Barbra Streisand (1978). A radio station program director spliced together the two solo versions as a present for his wife, whom he had just divorced, and played it on the air. The media response was such that the record company brought Streisand and Diamond back to the studio to record a duet. www.facebook.com/bismarcktidbits

• Nowadays kids spend most of their time indoors in front of the TV, the video game, or the computer screen in clean indoor environments where there is limited dust. In earlier days kids spent their time outdoors where they were exposed to a wide variety of dusts. Incredibly, some allergists have had success treating asthmatics with an injection of a solution of dusts reaped from vacuum cleaner bags.

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