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TIDBITS® MAKES MUSIC WITH SOME
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This week, Tidbits is tuning into the facts on several famous composers who brought us some of the world’s favorite music. • Although many folks lump all of “classical music” together, there are actually four main periods of classification based on the time frame and characteristics of the music. The music of each period has traits that distinguish it from another. The Baroque Period is considered from 1600-1750, with its complex melodies composed by Bach, Handel, and Vivaldi, among others. During the Classical Period from 17501825, composers such as Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven wrote music with well-defined form, for example, the sonata, symphony, and concerto. Music composed during the Romantic Period from 1825 to the early 20th century became more expressive and emotional. Tchaikovsky, Wagner, Brahms, and Schumann were some of the main composers during this era. The music of the 20th century abandoned structural rules and introduced news styles and ideas, composed by such geniuses as Ravel, Stravinsky, Debussy, and Shostakovich.
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• Ludwig von Beethoven was becoming a well-known composer at age 30 and was already experiencing the disastrous indications of deafness. Turn the page for more!
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CLASSICAL COMPOSERS (continued):
• Beethoven experienced severe tinnitus, conveying his feelings in his writings,” My ears whistle and roar incessantly, night and day. I can say that I am leading a miserable life.” By age 31, he had lost 60% of his hearing, and by 46, he was completely deaf. Several causes have been suggested including lead poisoning or typhus. An autopsy revealed that three small bones of his inner ear were fused together, as well as being covered in lesions. Although Beethoven’s public performances lessened due to his deafness, his composing continued, writing his breathtaking Ninth Symphony after completely losing his hearing.
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• Beethoven composed nine symphonies, 16 string quartets, 32 piano sonatas, five piano concertos, a violin concerto, and an opera. This doesn’t begin to include the enormous amount of his chamber music and piano compositions. Careful listeners to his music can detect his intense emotions and love of nature. Various instruments create the sound of a wind and rain storm in the country, following by the serenity of the storm’s end. His use of trills on the violin imitate the chirping of insects and birds, while soft instrumental sounds mimic a flowing brook. • Even folks who are not classical music fans will most likely recognize compositions by Peter Tchaikovsky, the composer of The Nutcracker Suite, Sleeping Beauty, Romeo & Juliet, and Swan Lake. This Russian composer was able to read French and German by the age of six. He entered law school and worked as a clerk but took music lessons on the side, beginning to compose. He married in his mid-30s, but left his wife after a few weeks, claiming she “possessed little intelligence.” • Tchaikovsky was befriended by an anonymous benefactor, a very wealthy widow who financed him while he composed. The pair exchanged more than 1,000 letters over the next 13 years, but, upon her insistence, never met face to face. The widow abruptly terminated the relationship, claiming she was broke, an unfounded claim. Tchaikovsky never heard from her again. His death remains a mystery, with some claiming he killed himself. The more accepted explanation is death from cholera after drinking contaminated drinking water. His death came just one week after the premiere of his Symphony Pathetique, considered by many to be his greatest work. See the next page for more!
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1. ADVERTISING: What did the animated character Tony the Tiger sell in TV ads? 2. GEOGRAPHY: What is the highest waterfall in the world? 3. LANGUAGE: Who wrote the book “Don Quixote”? 4. MONEY: What was the Netherlands’ basic currency before it adopted the euro? 5. MOVIES: What was the name of the male lead character in “Love Story” (played by Ryan O’Neal)? 6. ANATOMY: About how long is the human small intestine? 7. TITLES: What is the abbreviated title of a veterinarian? 8. COMICS: What comic-book superhero is known as “The Caped Crusader”? 9. MEDICAL TERMS: What is a more common name for somnambulism? 10. ASTRONOMY: Who are most of Uranus’ moons named for? (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.
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CLASSICAL COMPOSERS (continued):
• Considered the world’s first real child prodigy, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart began studying violin and harpsichord at age 3. At 5, he was performing at the University of Salzburg and before Vienna’s Imperial Court the following year. He was 6 when he began composing minuets and other short pieces. His first symphony came along at age 8 and an opera at 12. Mozart received all of his education from his father, and never attended a school. He frequently experienced anxiety, loneliness, and sadness, and occasionally exhibited the symptoms of Tourette’s Syndrome and bipolarism. Although he only lived to age 35, he composed more than 600 pieces, including 68 symphonies, 27 piano concertos, horn concertos, violin and piano sonatas, and many volumes of string quartet music. • The cause of Mozart’s death has never been definitely determined. It’s been hypothesized as everything from “severe miliary fever” to trichinosis, mercury poisoning, and rheumatic fever. In all, researchers have speculated on nearly 120 different causes of death.
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1. How many teams did Jim Fregosi play for during his 18-year major-league career? 2. Name the last American League pitcher to have five consecutive 20-win seasons. 3. What two college football teams played in the first BCS national championship game that did not feature a team from Florida? 4. In 2013-14, Philadelphia’s Michael CarterWilliams became the third player since 195051 to lead all NBA rookies in points, rebounds and assists. Name the first two.
• Robert Schumann unintentionally ruined his chance at a career as a pianist when he experimented with a device claiming to strengthen fingers. Johann Logier had designed a contraption, the “Chiroplast” that pulled the fingers toward the back of the hand, stating that it would increase finger flexibility and strength. Permanently debilitated by the invention, Schumann diverted his efforts toward composing and became one of the greatest composers of the Romantic Period. However, the artist was plagued throughout much of his life by anxiety, panic attacks, and fits of rage and violence. Two years before his death, he attempted suicide by throwing himself into the Rhine River. Rescued by passing fishermen, Schumann was admitted to an asylum, where he died two years later at 46. • The eccentric French composer Erik Satie wore nothing but identical gray velvet suits and called himself The Velvet Gentleman. He walked across Paris each day, a round trip of about 10 miles, carrying a hammer in his pocket for protection. As a youth, he was enrolled in the Paris Conservatory, but had nothing but scorn for the institution. He remained there only to avoid military service, and was labeled “untalented” and “worthless” by his teacher, receiving the nickname of “laziest student in the Conservatory.” Students were allowed to serve just one year in the military rather than the normal five. When Satie was drafted, he served less than a year, deliberately contracting bronchitis to obtain a release. He went on to become a popular composer, with his most famous compositions Trois Gymnopedies. When he died of cirrhosis of the liver, there was so much garbage in his apartment that friends threw out two carloads before his papers and manuscripts could be located.
5. Who was the last Flames rookie before Johnny Gaudreau in 2014-15 to have at least 50 points in an NHL season? 6. Name the last NASCAR Cup driver before Kevin Harvick in 2013-14 to finish first or second in six consecutive races. 7. Who are the only two male tennis players to have five or more Australian Open singles titles? (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.
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• Eric Clapton, Bob Marley, and Led Zeppelin’s Jimmy Page are just a few of the thousands of musicians who have chosen to play a Les Paul guitar. But Les Paul wasn’t just the inventor of a phenomenal electric guitar. Follow along and learn about his many accomplishments.
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LES PAUL
• Les Paul was 8 when he began playing the harmonica, followed by the guitar. At age 9, he had already built a crystal radio. Wanting to play the harmonica and guitar at the same time, as a teenager he fashioned a holder from a metal coat hanger, shaping it to go over his shoulders, and soon he had his first patent. • Soon afterward, Paul stuck the needle of his parents’ record player into the surface of his acoustic guitar, and was struck with the idea of an electric guitar. Before long, he had wired a phonograph needle to his guitar and connected it to a radio speaker to amplify his acoustic guitar. However, Paul was unhappy with the hollowbody guitar, and determined to make a solidbody one that would have less feedback and a richer sound because of the wood’s mass. • He happened to live across from a railroad track where workers would throw defective rails under a bridge. Retrieving a cast-off, Paul whittled it down to a 4x4 piece, with a neck, bridge, pickup, and tuners attached, naming it “The Log.” In 1940, the Epiphone guitar factory helped produce a more attractive version with curved sides and an Epiphone fretboard. • Paul’s work was slowed down in 1941 when he was experimenting with improvements to his guitar and was severely electrocuted, an injury that required two years of recuperation. Continued on the next page!
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by Samantha Weaver • It was U.S. Vice President Hubert Humphrey who made the following sage observation: “Compassion is not weakness and concern for the unfortunate is not socialism.” • Chop suey is not actually a Chinese dish; it was invented in California. • Dick Simon, one of the founders of the Simon and Schuster publishing company, was struggling in his business when he visited his aunt in 1924. She had been looking for a book of crossword puzzles to give to her daughter, but the puzzles being relatively new (first appearing in newspapers in 1913), there was no compilation available. Seeing an opportunity for his fledgling business, Simon and his partner, Lincoln Schuster, published a book of puzzles right away. The puzzle book was an instant best seller, and its revenues supported Simon and Schuster while the publishing company was establishing itself. • You might be surprised to learn that in 1967, the Monkees chose Jimi Hendrix to be the opening act for their summer tour of the U.S. The pairing didn’t last long, though; Hendrix discreetly left the tour after he was banned by the Daughters of the American Revolution for being too sexually suggestive. • If you have a particularly quiet friend, he or she might suffer from laliophobia, a fear of speaking. • Those who study such things say that if you’re playing a game of Monopoly, you’re most likely to land on B&O Railroad and Illinois Avenue. *** Thought for the Day: “The great secret of success is to go through life as a man who never gets used up. That is possible for him who never argues and strives with men and facts, but in all experience retires upon himself, and looks for the ultimate cause of things in himself.” -- Albert Schweitzer (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.
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• On July 4, 1826, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, the second and third presidents of the United States, respectively, die on the 50th anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. Both men had been central in drafting the historic document. • On June 30, 1859, Frenchman Emile Blondin becomes the first daredevil to walk across Niagara Falls on a tightrope. Wearing pink tights and a yellow tunic, Blondin crossed a cable about 2 inches in diameter and 1,100feet long using only a balancing pole. • On July 5, 1865, in London, revivalist preacher William Booth and his wife Catherine establish the Christian Mission, modeled after the British army, with women given ranks equal with men. In 1878, the organization was renamed the Salvation Army, and two years later the first U.S. branch opened in Pennsylvania. • On July 2, 1881, President James A. Garfield is shot as he walks through a railroad waiting room in Washington, D.C. His assailant, Charles J. Guiteau, was a disgruntled and perhaps insane office seeker. Garfield died 80 days later of blood poisoning. • On July 1, 1951, Cleveland Indians ace Bob Feller pitches the third no-hit game of his career, making him the first modern pitcher ever to throw three no-hitters. Feller made his first start in 1936, when he was just 17. • On July 3, 1985, the blockbuster actioncomedy “Back to the Future,” in which the iconic DeLorean concept car is transformed into a time-travel device, premieres. • On June 29, 1995, the American space shuttle Atlantis docks with the Russian space station Mir to form the largest man-made satellite ever to orbit the Earth. It was the 100th human space mission in U.S. history. (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.
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LES PAUL (continued):
• Unhappy with the way his own recordings sounded, at the suggestion of crooner Bing Crosby, Paul built his own recording studio. It was here that he perfected multi-tracked recordings. His method was to first record a track onto a disc, then record himself playing another part with the first, both of which were mixed together onto a new track. The process was repeated adding a third layer, then another and another, each time mixing it with all the previous layers on a fresh disc. Paul also experimented with playing some of the parts at half speed, then playing them back at the actual rate. He fabricated his disc-cutter assembly using auto parts, including a flywheel from a Cadillac. His recording of “Lover, When You’re Near Me” required about 500 acetate discs to complete, on which he played eight different electric guitar parts. He later switched to magnetic tape, commissioning Ampex to build the first eight-track recorder. Les Paul was also responsible for the invention of echo, delay, and reverb. • In 1948, Paul was in a near-fatal auto accident, which sent his Buick convertible off the side of an overpass and 20 feet (6.1 m) into a ravine. He nearly lost his right arm, but doctors were able to set it to a 90-degree angle with seven screws which enabled him to play the guitar. • In his 90s, Les Paul still hadn’t give up inventing. Having to wear two hearing aids, he was dissatisfied with their quality. He was still playing weekly gigs in New York City, but spent his free time working on improving hearing aids. He passed away in 2009 at age 94. www.facebook.com/bismarcktidbits
1. Who wrote and sang the theme song to the television show “Welcome Back, Kotter”? 2. Name the band that released “Never Say Die” in 1978. 3. In which song does Ray Charles speak the words, “Sing the song, children”? 4. Which group wrote and released “It’s Wonderful” in 1967? 5. Name the song that contains this lyric: “An only child alone and wild, A cabinet maker’s son, His hands were meant for different work And his heart was known to none.” (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.
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MORE COMPOSERS • You may have never heard of Richard Wagner, but you’ve undoubtedly heard his most famous composition from the 1850 opera Lohengrin. The opera’s “Bridal Chorus” has been used at weddings since 1858 when Queen Victoria’s daughter chose the piece for her procession into the church. Today, we call it “Here Comes the Bride.” Another familiar Wagner tune is “Ride of the Valkyries,” which you may know better as “Kill the Wabbit,” a song Elmer Fudd sings in a 1957 Warner Brothers cartoon. History’s longest opera, The Ring Cycle, was also composed by Wagner, a production that takes well over 15 hours to perform. He began the opera in 1848, composing the text over the next four years. However, it took until 1874 for all of the music to be composed. • We almost didn’t have the glorious music of George Frederic Handel, composer of “The Messiah.” His father wanted him to become a lawyer, and prevented George from playing musical instruments. Handel practiced secretly on a clavichord hidden in his home’s attic. Finally, when he was nine, his father heard him playing and allowed him to study music. By the time he was 10, Handel was composing for the organ, oboe, and violin, and a year later began composing church cantatas and chamber music. At 19, he had composed the first of his 50 operas. A stroke at age 52 impaired the movement of his right hand, but after just six weeks, he had fully recuperated. Even a second stroke and complete blindness in the ensuing years couldn’t keep Handel from his love of composition. He continued to write music until his death at 74 in 1759. Continued on the next page!
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Tidbits is on Facebook!! www.facebook.com/bismarcktidbits EDITOR’S NOTE: DVDs reviewed in this column will be available in stores the week of June 29, 2015. PICKS OF THE WEEK Get Hard (R) -- A hapless, filthy-rich financial type, James (Will Ferrell), is headed to prison for some white-collar crimes, so he enlists a hardened criminal to help him prepare for the joint. Except that the “hardened criminal” isn’t anything of the sort. Darnell (Kevin Hart) has actually never been in trouble; James just assumes he knows about prison because he’s black. Darnell gladly accepts money from a rich idiot asking for prison lessons, and a series of unfunny exploits unfold. Directed by Ethan Cohen (“Tropic Thunder”), the movie abandons all hope of parody, and really doubles-down on the butt jokes and racial humor. The butt jokes are thin from the start and end up spread across the entire film. Dumb jokes can be used in a smart way, but don’t expect that here.
While We’re Young (R) -- Josh and Cornelia (Ben Stiller and Naomi Watts) are a 40-something childless couple who love their lives in New York City. They befriend a younger couple, Jamie and Darby (Adam Driver and Amanda Seyfried), bright and active 25-year-olds who resemble a hyper-cool version of Josh and Cornelia’s younger selves. Josh and Cornelia seem to gain youth from trying to keep up with their vibrant counterparts, but the cross-generational friendship presents some complicated questions for the older couple, who look at their future with consternation. Director Noah Baumbach is rather good at making a petty and neurotic Ben Stiller character into something relatable. The movie is full of warm, good humor and great chemistry between leads. Where things fall short is in the final third of the film, when charm has to struggle against plot shifts.
director of “Taken” -- the crash that started this five-lane pile-up of samey old-guy action-flicks -- does not make lightning strike a second time. The dialog is terse but not interesting, the fights are brutal but not exciting.
The Gunman (R) -- It’s Sean Penn’s turn to conduct the Over-50 Pain Train, as the wellestablished dramatic actor takes a dip into the action genre. Penn plays Jim, a former international operative who was set up by his jealous friend, Felix (Javier Bardem). Baddies start coming for Jim, so he starts investigating -- mostly with his fists and guns. Pierre Morel,
TV RELEASES
Treading Water -- Born with a disorder that gives him a permanent perfume of fishiness, awkward teenager Mica (Douglas Smith) has always had trouble connecting with people. He lives in a gaudy house-museum dedicated to the famed Mexican singer Guillermo Garibai. He takes frequent baths with strong soap. His best chance at socialization comes at the swimming pool, where his fragance isn’t so strong. It’s there that he makes a connection with a gorgeous -- and alarmingly interested -- girl from his past (Zoe Kravitz). Unfortunately, all of this underdog coming-of-age business is smothered under the movie’s own obsession with jamming in as much quirkiness as time will allow. “A Place to Call Home, Season 2” “Nova: Invisible Universe Revealed” “Reading Rainbow: Animal Cafe” “The Donna Reed Show: Season 3” “Everything You Didn’t Know About Animals” (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.
For Advertising Call: (701) 391-2076 MORE COMPOSERS (continued):
• Baroque composer Johann Sebastian Bach fathered 20 children in his two marriages, only 10 of whom survived to adulthood. Five out of his six sons became professional musicians and/ or composers.
Trivia Test Answers 1. Kellogg’s Frosted Flakes 2. Angel Falls in Venezuela 3. Miguel de Cervantes 4. Dutch guilder 5. Oliver Barrett 6. About 20 feet 7. D.V.M. (Doctor of Veterinary Medicine) 8. Batman 9. Sleepwalking 10. Characters in Shakespeare’s plays Sports Quiz Answers 1. Four -- the Angels, Mets, Rangers and Pirates. 2. Catfish Hunter, with Oakland (1971-74) and the New York Yankees (‘75). 3. In the 2003 season, LSU defeated Oklahoma. 4. Oscar Robertson (1960-61) and Alvan Adams (1975-76). 5. Jarome Iginla, in the 1996-97 season. 6. Jeff Gordon, in 1996. 7. Roy Emerson (six titles) and Novak Djokovic (five). Flash Back Trivia Answers 1. John Sebastian, formerly of the Lovin’ Spoonful. The name of the show had to be changed from just “Kotter” because Sebastian couldn’t find a rhyme for the name. 2. Black Sabbath. It was their first charted single since 1970. 3. “I Can’t Stop Loving You,” in 1962. Numerous others have covered the song, but Charles is the only one who took the song to the top of the charts. 4. The Young Rascals on their “Once Upon a Dream” album. 5. “Leader of the Band,” by Dan Fogelberg in 1981. He wrote the song as a tribute to his musician father, who was still alive when the song came out. His father died the following year.
• The story of the head of Franz Josef Haydn is a complicated one. Haydn, who composed more than 100 symphonies, was employed as a court musician by Hungary’s wealthiest nobility, the Esterhazy family, living on their vast estate outside Vienna. When he died in 1809, Prince Esterhazy buried Haydn in the city’s Hundestrum Cemetery. A pair of individuals (including Esterhazy’s former assistant, Joseph Rosenbaum) believed that the shape and bumps of a skull could give insight into a person’s intelligence and they schemed to steal Haydn’s head. They bribed the cemetery caretaker who broke open the casket and cut off the head. Rosenbaum had it dissected, the brain removed, and the skull bleached. He kept it in a special display case in his home. Eleven years later, when the Prince desired to transfer Haydn’s remains to his estate cemetery, he discovered the head was missing, with only a wig resting in its place. Rosenbaum’s home was searched but his wife hid the skull in bed with her, claiming to be ill. Rosenbaum gave police a different skull from his collection, which was then buried with Haydn. • In 1829, Joseph Rosenbaum died and bequeathed the skull to his fellow thief with the provision that it must be turned over to Vienna’s Society of the Friends of Music. The will was not respected and the head ended up at the University of Vienna. It was not until 1895 that the head came to the Society, where it sat on a pedestal until 1954. Finally, in July of that year, it was given back to the Esterhazy family, who reunited it with Haydn’s remains in a new copper coffin, and laid him to rest in a Mausoleum at Eisenstadt City Church.
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