Tidbits of Bismarck, Volume 2, Issue 38

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September 16, 2015

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Volume 2, Issue 38

Enterprise Publications, LLC

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It’s called the King of Spices for good reason. For centuries it served as the cornerstone for various economies and it inspired trade, conquest, and exploration in search of better trade routes and new supplies. It’s the world’s most traded spice, accounting for 20% of the entire spice trade.

Come along with Tidbits as we discover that pepper is nothing to sneeze at!

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THE HISTORY OF PEPPER • The word pepper originated with the Sanskrit word ‘pippali.’ It went into the Latin language as ‘piper’ and then into German as ‘pfeffer.’

The word pepper was used in a figurative sense to mean ‘spirit’ or ‘energy’ as far back as the 1840s. Sometime in the early 20th century, it was shortened to ‘pep.’

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• Historians discount the myth that pepper was popular because it disguised the taste of rotten meat, saying that nothing can disguise the taste of rotten meat. Now you can buy a year’s supply of pepper for a few dollars, but it used to cost an ounce of gold to buy an ounce of pepper.

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• Pepper is one of the oldest and most important spices in human history. Pepper was the first spice to make its way into Northern Europe as the Roman Empire spread. Back in the days when salting was the only method of preserving meat, pepper was valued because it gave food added ‘pep.’

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PEPPER (continued):

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THE ORIGIN OF PEPPER

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• Columbus, searching for a shorter route to the pepper supply of India, discovered the New World. Because he was desperate to find pepper, everything that he came across which had a hot taste was dubbed “pepper.” That’s why today we have green peppers and chili peppers.

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• Black pepper comes from the berries of a tropical vine in the botanical family called Piperaceae. The pepper that we sprinkle on our food is entirely different from the red peppers, bell peppers, chili peppers, and jala-peno peppers which come from the Capsicum family. Those are fruits, whereas black pepper is a berry.

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• Black pepper grows best in moist tropical areas and is native to southern India. Currently Vietnam is the world’s largest producer and exporter of pepper, producing 34% of the world’s supply. Other top exporters include India, Indonesia, Brazil, and Malaysia.

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• Pepper vines grow up to 30 feet (9 m) tall, killing any tree they clamber over. On modern farms, they are kept to 12 feet (3.6 m) to make harvest easier, and they climb up poles rather than trees.

• Each vine becomes productive after three or four years, and will bear fruit every third year for up to 40 years. A good vine will produce up to 12 pounds (5.4 kg) of peppercorns annually. The pepper comes from berries that hang in clusters off the vine like tiny little grapes.

NUGGET OF KNOWLEDGE Peppermills don’t have to be huge to be good. Fancy restaurants use tall peppermills so waiters don’t have to lean over the table and reach over the food to put pepper on the salad.

Having such large pepper grinders also makes it more difficult for people to swipe them from the restaurant.

• Much of the world’s pepper is grown on family farms in India and Malaysia where homegarden plots may yield only one or two pounds (.5 to 1 kg) of pepper per year.

• When monetary value is considered, peppercorns are the most widely traded spice in the world. However, if weight is considered, slightly more chili peppers are traded than peppercorns.

PIPERINE • The chemical in pepper called piperine (pronounced PIE-pur-een) is what gives pepper its bite. Each peppercorn is made up of about five to seven percent piperine. It’s an irritant and when it comes in contact with delicate nasal passages, it causes a sneeze to clean it out. Piperine stimulates mucous membranes and it is also a diaphoretic, meaning it causes perspiration. Therefore, if you have a cold and eat a good peppery soup, it may help your congestion clear up.

PEPPER POPULARITY • Black pepper is the top selling spice in America.

• Americans consume 37 million pounds of pepper per year altogether.

• Worldwide consumption totals 130 million pounds annually.

• The average American will shake seven ounces (.2 kg) of ground pepper onto their food at the table each year.

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1. TELEVISION: What was the name of Wilma and Fred’s daughter on “The Flintstones”?

2. ROYALS: Which English king founded the House of Tudor?

3. GEOGRAPHY: Lapland is a region of what country?

4. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE: What is the name of the Communist Party newspaper of Cuba?

5. ART: What French sculptor unveiled a bronze work in 1904 called “Le Penseur”?

6. MYTHOLOGY: Which presides over love poetry?

Greek

Muse

7. HISTORY: In what war were tanks first used?

8. MOVIES: Who were the two male stars in the film “The Philadelphia Story”?

9. MEASUREMENTS: What is 1/100th of a second called?

10. ASTROLOGY: What is the 11th sign of the zodiac? (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

GOES LONG...........

Ferdinand Magellan died on his trip around the world to search for spices. Four of his five ships sank, too. But the pepper stored in the hold of the single surviving ship more than paid for the losses of the other ships.

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1. Name the last major-league pitcher before Cleveland’s Corey Kluber in 2014 to strike out at least 14 batters in consecutive starts.

2. Which was the last team before the St. Louis Cardinals in 2011-14 to have four consecutive N.L. Championship Series appearances?

3. When was the last time before the 20112012 NFL seasons (Baltimore and New England) that there was a back-to-back rematch in the AFC title game?

4. Long Island guard Jason Brickman, in 2014, became the fourth Division I player with 1,000 career assists. Name two of the first three to do it.

5. Since the 2000-01 NHL season, only two teams have won back-to-back Presidents’ Trophies for being the best regular-season team. Name them.

6. Name the first American black female to win an Olympic gold medal.

7. Who was the last PGA golfer before Jordan Spieth in 2015 to go wire-to-wire in winning the Masters? (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

Page 3

PEPPER (continued):

PEPPER FACTS • Studies have shown that pepper stimulates the digestive tract, increases the appetite, and aids digestion.

• Pepper starts losing its flavor as soon as it’s ground, becoming completely flat in taste as the volatile oils evaporate. Ground pepper should be kept in a tightly sealed container in the refrigerator to preserve its spiciness. Whole peppercorns, on the other hand, will keep their flavor forever.

• Pepper should not be added before cooking because it reacts to heat and turns bitter. Instead, sprinkle it on as a garnish after the cooking is over. (This is why waiters offer to pepper your food after the meal has arrived at your table.)

• Ground pepper will not dissolve in water, but when dissolved in alcohol, it quadruples in pepper power.

BAD LUCK • Eddie Collins was an infielder for the Chicago White Sox in the early 1900s. He had a habit of sticking a piece of gum on the button on the top of his cap when he went to bat. If he got two strikes, he would take the gum off the cap and chew on it vigorously for a few minutes for good luck. But one day teammate Ted Lyons secretly sprinkled pepper on the gum just before Eddie went to bat. When Eddie got two strikes, he started chewing. He spat—and then struck out.

PEPPER AS MEDICINE • Pepper decoctions are widely used in traditional Indian medicine and as a home remedy for relief from sore throat, throat congestion, and coughs. Piperine has some antimicrobial properties, but at the concentrations present when pepper is used as a spice, the effect is small.

Piperine also enhances energy metabolism in the body and has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties. It has been shown that piperine can dramatically increase absorption of various nutrients, but when taken in large amounts it also has an irritating effect upon the intestines.

• Some people believe pepper can help cure vitiligo, which is a skin disease that causes some areas of skin to lose its normal pigmentation, turning it white in patches. (Michael Jackson suffered from this affliction.) According to researchers in London, piperine can stimulate the skin to produce pigment. Topical treatment of piperine combined with ultra violet light therapy is much better than the other treatments for vitiligo.

• Piperine is a natural insecticide and can be used in the garden. Mix a teaspoon full of ground pepper with a quart of warm water and spray.

• The volatile oils from black peppercorns are used in the manufacture of perfume in order to provide a warm and earthy odor.

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Laughs!

It’s their anniversary, so the husband says to the wife, “I’m going to fix you a nice supper. You just make yourself comfortable in the living room, and I’ll call you when it’s ready.” Three hours later he says, “Sorry it took me so long, but I had to refill the pepper shaker.” “Darling, how long could it have taken you to refill the pepper shaker?” “More than an hour I guess - it wasn’t easy stuffing it through those dumb little holes, you know!”

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NOTEWORTHY INVENTORS:

GEORGE

• George’s hobby was photography. He was going on vacation and he wanted to take pictures.

The problem was that it was the 1880s, the camera weighed 30 pounds (13 kg), and it took hours to produce a single photo. George decided to find a better way.

• It took him three years to invent a better way.

First he invented a dry glass plate instead of the wet glass plate; this simplified the process.

Next he invented a way to put the emulsion on paper instead of glass. This was a miraculous improvement, but professional photographers wouldn’t use it because you could see the grain of the paper through the photo, and glass was still superior.

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• So George began to market it to the amateur photographer. In 1888 his camera cost $25 at a time when a new suit cost $15, so sales were slow. Then he discovered cellulose.

• With cellulose film, the quality was sharp, the camera was small, and the price was cheap.

He began selling cameras that were pre-loaded with 100 negatives. People would take 100 photos and then return the entire camera to the company. The company would develop the negatives, print them out, re-load the camera with 100 more negatives, and return the entire package to the customer.

• By 1896 he’d sold around 100,000 cameras.

However, in 1900 he introduced a camera priced at $1 which was so simple even a child could take pictures. It was a sensation.

• George decided the name of his company had to be short, simple to spell, easy to pronounce, and impossible to confuse with anything else.

He came up with a nonsense name that fits all these qualifications. What’s the company called?

(Extra credit for knowing George’s last name and bonus points for knowing the name of the $1 camera.) (Answer on page 7.)

Continued on the next page!

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of Bismarck

by Samantha Weaver • It’s not known who made the following sage observation: “I can picture a world without war, a world without hate. And I can picture us attacking that world, because they’d never expect it.”

• Dom Perignon -- he of champagne fame -was a Benedictine monk.

• Now that school is back in session, those who had the summer off might be suffering from dysania -- finding it difficult to get out of bed in the morning. Some of us, of course, experience dysania year-round.

• If you’re one of those parents who has to be careful walking around the house barefoot, you probably will not be surprised to learn that the LEGO company makes more than 3,500 different pieces in more than 60 colors.

• Weddings in Sweden are not for the jealous type. In that country, tradition states that if the bride leaves the room, all the men line up to kiss her. What’s good for the goose is good for the gander, though -- if the groom leaves, all the women are supposed to get in line to demonstrate their affection. I imagine very few exes are invited to Swedish weddings.

• British writer Lewis Carroll -- best known for his book “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland” -- invented the idea of the dust jacket for books.

• Those who study such things say that a parakeet would rather look at itself than at another parakeet. In a test, the birds were placed in cages side-by-side, then one was removed and a mirror put in its place. The parakeet that was left spent quadruple the time looking at its reflection as it did looking at its companion. *** Thought for the Day: “This is the final test of a gentleman: his respect for those who can be of no possible service to him.” -- William Lyon Phelps (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

Page 5

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• In 1932 Germany released a new camera called the Leica. Billed as the best camera on earth, it caused a sensation in Japan. However, it sold for 420 yen at a time when 70 yen per month was considered high pay.

• At the time, a man named Goro Yoshida had a job repairing motion picture cameras and projectors in Tokyo. He often traveled to China to buy parts he needed. One day a trader in Shanghai asked him, “Why do you come to China for camera parts? Your country builds battleships and airplanes; why can’t you build cameras?”

• Intrigued, Yoshida disassembled a Leica camera, examining it carefully. He found it was made of ordinary materials, and he couldn’t understand why something made of brass, aluminum, and rubber should be so expensive. It made him angry.

• So he went into business with the intention of inventing an affordable camera. By 1934 he had a prototype. Yoshida named the camera and the company Kwanon, after the Buddhist goddess of mercy. He made three functioning prototypes, and then sold the company. The new owners offered the cameras for sale in 1935 at half the price of a Leica.

• On Sept. 16, 1620, the Mayflower sails from Plymouth, England, bound for the New World. Along the way, the settlers formulated and signed the Mayflower Compact, establishing constitutional law and the rule of the majority, an important precursor to American democracy.

• On Sept. 17, 1796, George Washington prepares a final draft of his presidential farewell address, officially announcing that he will step down as the nation’s first president. Rarely, if ever, in the history of Western civilization had a national leader voluntarily relinquished his title.

• On Sept. 15, 1916, during the Battle of the Somme, the British launch a major offensive against the Germans, employing tanks for the first time in history. Some of the 40 or so primitive tanks advanced more than a mile into enemy lines.

• On Sept. 20, 1946, the inaugural Cannes Film Festival opens in the resort city on the French Riviera. The outbreak of World War II had forced the cancellation of the inaugural Cannes festival in 1939.

• On Sept. 19, 1957, the United States detonates a 1.7 kiloton nuclear weapon in an underground tunnel 65 miles north of Las Vegas. The test was the first fully contained underground detonation and produced no radioactive fallout.

• On Sept. 18, 1960, Fidel Castro arrives in New York City as the head of the Cuban delegation to the United Nations. Castro’s visit was climaxed by his four-hour speech, a blistering attack on American “aggression” and “imperialism.” In January 1961, the U.S. severed diplomatic relations with Cuba.

• On Sept. 14, 1975, Elizabeth Ann Seton is canonized by Pope Paul VI at the Vatican in Rome, becoming the first American-born Catholic saint. In 1797, Seton founded the Society for the Relief of Poor Widows with Small Children in New York. (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

• The name of the company was simplified in spelling when the camera was released to an English-speaking world. It’s pronounced almost the same, but the English pronunciation of the word means ‘a code of laws’ or ‘a set of fundamental principles.’

• Though he had long since left the company, by the time Goro Yoshida died in 1993 at the age of 93, the company he founded had become a multinational corporation that specializes in optical equipment, copiers, and computer printers. What’s it called? (Answer on page7.)

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1. Name the Stevie Wonder song in the soundtrack for the 1998 film “You’ve Got Mail.”

2. Which ‘60s “Quicksand”?

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3. What Edgar Winter Group song is played in the opening scenes of the 1990 film “Air America”?

4. Which band wrote and “Myzsterious Mizster Jones”?

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5. Name the song that contains this lyric: “True love means planning a life for two, Being together the whole day through, True love means waiting and hoping that soon, Wishes we’ve made will come true.” (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

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ALCATRAZ • “Alcatraz” is the Portuguese word for pelican; it comes from the word meaning the bucket of a waterwheel.

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QUOTE “Man is like pepper - you only know him when you’ve ground him.” -Nigerian proverb

• The island of Alcatraz off the coast of California near San Francisco was first used as a military fortress beginning in the 1850s.

Then it was a military prison for years before becoming a federal penitentiary in 1934. The prison was closed in 1963 because it had become too expensive to operate. Now it’s a tourist destination.

• Over the years, 36 prisoners were involved in escape attempts. Seven of those were shot and killed; two drowned; 22 were re-captured; and five remain unaccounted for but are presumed to have drowned. One of the escape attempts served as inspiration for the 1979 movie “Escape from Alcatraz.”

• Guards on Alcatraz Island allegedly told prisoners that the island was surrounded by sharks who had had their right fins removed so that they could do nothing but swim in circles around the island. This was thought to deter prisoners from breaking out and swimming to the mainland. In truth, although there are sharks swimming in the waters off Alcatraz, they are not the man-eating variety, even with both fins.

• It’s about a mile and a half from the island to shore, a hard swim but by no means impossible.

In fact, each summer 1,000 amateur athletes compete in the Escape From Alcatraz triathlon.

First they swim the mile and a half (2.4 km) from Alcatraz Island. Then they take an 18-mile (29 km) bike ride through Golden Gate Park, and they finish up with an eight-mile (12.8 km) run through the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.

Continued on the next page!

Read Tidbits® Online! www.bismarcktidbits.com EDITOR’S NOTE: DVDs reviewed in this column will be available in stores the week of September 14, 2015.

PICKS OF THE WEEK Cinderella (PG) -- Disney revives its highestprofile princess in this live-action retelling that stays true to the essence of (their version of) the original fairytale. The story is familiar, but helped along by stunning visual effects, costumes and set pieces, as well as a fine performance from Lily James (TV’s “Downton Abbey”) as the hardest-working princess. Cate Blanchett, of course, has total control over her role as the evil stepmother, and Helena Bonham Carter makes a cool fairy godmother.

While Snow White and others have had their warrior-princess makeovers in the past few years, Disney’s lavish live-action fairy tale doesn’t try to re-write the book on princesses.

Disney made an effort to be appealing to boy audiences with its recent successful princessfable “Frozen,” but this Cinderella doesn’t shy from her DNA: She’s the prettiest protoprincess around. Director Kenneth Branagh

Tidbits® is on Facebook!! www.facebook.com/bismarcktidbits focused on getting the classic elements right -- aged Wilson (John Cusack), medicated and resetting the standard for super-pretty, enchanting manipulated by a psychiatrist (Paul Giamatti), romanticism and virtue. falls in love (Elizabeth Banks) and tries to Furious 7 (R) -- These guys have been pulling reclaim his life. Even for non-fans, the movie “one last job” for about four movies now, but the works its drama and romance without smelling whole crew of temperamental street racers (Paul like another music history hero lesson.

Walker, Vin Deisel, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, et al.) gets back into high-speed hijinks when a crazy badass (Jason Statham) pulls some evil plot that requires really good driving to foil.

Dwayne Johnson returns as agent Luke Hobbs, and has fun body-slamming people and adlibbing intimidating lines.

I got what I wanted from it -- ridiculous and awesome stunts delivered completely without irony, though it’s packaged in some silly stuff about characters I lost track of awhile ago. The movie does its duty in giving a good send-off to characters that some audiences must have grown fond of.

The Overnight (R) -- Two young married couples fall into funny situations after the kids are put to bed in this sitcommy romp. Alex and Emily (Adam Scott and Taylor Schilling) are a nice young couple who’ve recently relocated with their boy from Seattle to Los Angeles. In a short time, they meet friendly Kurt (Jason Schwarzman), who invites the new neighbors to bring their boy over for family pizza night.

Things get weirder and weirder, and as drinks flow, they learn about Kurt’s hole-inspired artwork and more. It’s raunchy and surprising, but I’m not sure if the humor outweighs the crushing awkwardness.

Love & Mercy (PG-13) -- Brian Wilson cofounded the Beach Boys, hit the top of the charts, made a beautiful mark on rock history with his album “Pet Sounds,” and then lost himself to mental illness and drugs. This biopic doesn’t try to tell his whole life story, but focuses on two time-periods: His ascension and creative peak in the ‘60s (played by Paul Dano at this age), and then jumping to the ‘80s, when a middle-

TV RELEASES “Lost In Space: The Complete Adventures with Limited Edition Molded Robot Package” “Clarence: Dust Buddies” “Big Bang Theory: Season 8” “Marvel’s Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.: Season 2” “Marvel’s Agent Carter: Season 1” “Sleepy Hollow: Season 2” (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

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701-391-2076 Trivia Test Answers

1. Pebbles 2. Henry VII 3. Finland 4. Granma 5. Rodin, “The Thinker” 6. Erato 7. World War I 8. James Stewart and Cary Grant 9. A “jiffy” 10. Aquarius

ALCATRAZ (continued):

FAST FACT • During the years Alcatraz was used as a federal prison, the average length of stay for an inmate was five years.

FAMOUS INMATES • A total of 1,545 men served time on Alcatraz, the most famous of which was Al Capone, who was incarcerated there for four and a half years.

Capone was transferred to Alcatraz from the penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia because his ‘family’ members moved into a hotel next to the prison and communicated with him constantly, allowing him to continue to run his crime organization in Chicago. On Alcatraz he was cut off from this contact. Capone behaved so well at Alcatraz that he was allowed to play the banjo in the inmate band, called the Rock Islanders.

• Robert Stroud was convicted in 1909 of having murdered a bartender when he was 18 years old. He was sent to Leavenworth, where he proved to be a difficult and troublesome prisoner.

He killed a guard and was sentenced to death, which was commuted to life without parole.

• At Leavenworth he rescued a small injured bird which sparked a lifelong love of birds, especially canaries. He raised them, wrote about them, and corresponded with experts.

But when prison officials discovered that some of the equipment he ordered supposedly for his Sports Quiz birds was instead being used to build an illegal Answers moonshine still, he was transferred to Alcatraz.

1. Arizona’s Randy Johnson, in 2004.

2. The Atlanta Braves, 1991-99 (no post-season He spent the next 17 years there before being transferred to a prison in Missouri, where he played in ‘94).

3. Denver and Cleveland, after the 1986 and died in 1963. Although he was never allowed to keep birds while imprisoned at Alcatraz, he still ‘87 seasons.

4. Bobby Hurley (Duke), Chris Corchiani (N.C. became known as the Birdman of Alcatraz.

State) and Ed Cota (North Carolina).

• Robert Stroud was denied permission to see 5. Vancouver (2011-2012) and Detroit (2004- the 1962 movie starring Burt Lancaster that was 2006, with 2005 season suspended due to based on his life. lockout).

6. Alice Coachman in the high jump in 1948.

7. Ray Floyd, in 1976.

Flash Back Trivia Answers 1. “Signed, Sealed, Delivered I’m Yours,” released in 1970.

2. Martha and the Vandellas, in 1963. It was written, as many Motown hits were, by the Holland-Dozier-Holland team. After a legal snit with Motown, the trio continued to write under the pseudonym “Edythe Wayne.”

3. “Free Ride.”

4. Slade, in 1985.

5. “Paula,” by Paul & Paula, in 1963. It’s one of a number of songs about girls’ names -- “Donna the Prima Donna,” “Sally Go Round the Roses,” “Judy’s Turn to Cry,” “Denise” and “Candy Girl” -- all done in the same year, 1963. The fad must have run its course because 1964 saw only a few girl-name songs.

Page 7

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Noteworthy Inventors Quiz George Answer: Kodak, George Eastman, Brownie Goro Yoshida Answer: Canon

1. Water and salt lead pepper in recipes.

2. Cinnamon is the second most popular spice.

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