Tidbits of Bismarck, Volume 2, Issue 40

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September 30, 2015

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Volume 2, Issue 40

Enterprise Publications, LLC

For Advertising Information Call: (701) 391-2076

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Chemist #1: “Know any good jokes about sodium?”

Chemist #2: “Na.” TIDBITS® USES

SALT

by Janet Spencer In honor of “No Salt Week” come along with Tidbits as we appreciate salt!

SALT FACTS • No animal can survive without salt. Salt is a mineral, not a spice. It’s made of 40% sodium, which is a metal with a positive charge, and 60% chlorine, which is a poisonous gas with a negative charge. Put them together and you have sodium chloride, a mineral the body is unable to manufacture on its own. Without salt, muscles won’t contract, blood won’t circulate, food won’t digest, wounds won’t heal, nerve impulses won’t get through, and the heart won’t beat. Salt regulates fluids, controls blood pressure, and helps the liver clear waste products. Salt is not just a seasoning; it’s a necessity.

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• The amount of salt needed varies according to a person’s size, age, metabolism, and exertion level. The average human body contains about four ounces (113 grams) of salt. A typical human needs to ingest about 0.1 ounce (3 grams) per day to maintain the proper level. The typical American eats about 0.35 ounces (10 grams) of salt per day, and the excess is excreted by the kidneys. The concentration of salt in the blood generally doesn’t vary beyond one percent. Onethird of the sodium we ingest comes from the salt shaker. The rest is already in our food.

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• Although it is true that people who already have high blood pressure can lower it by limiting their salt intake, the fact is that people who have normal blood pressure are not much affected by salt. Salt, however, can be a deadly poison if too much is taken all at once. A mere 2.3 ounces (65 grams) will make a person seriously sick. About 6.6 ounces (187 grams) will kill an adult human.

Salt saturation used to be an acceptable method of suicide in Japan.

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• In an experiment, people were given massive doses of salt, not only in their food but also intravenously. The effects of too much salt were swollen feet, weight gain, an enlarged heart, and high blood pressure. Too little salt resulted in fatigue, confusion, muscle cramps, poor judgment, and an inability to correctly estimate passage of time. In another study, people with abnormally low sodium levels were shown to have a higher death rate than those with a normal level of salt in their bodies.

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NUGGET OF KNOWLEDGE When the railroads began carrying cattle as freight on a large scale, they were paid by the pound to haul the animals.

Unscrupulous rail workers would salt the feed of the cattle in their yards, causing them to drink a considerable amount of extra water and weigh in at a few pounds more.

• Pound for pound, babies have almost twothirds more sodium and twice as much chloride as adults. In 1980, a brand of soy-based baby formula jumped on the “low-salt” bandwagon and began offering a new low sodium formula.

Within a few months, 34 cases of chloride deficiency in babies were reported. The babies were losing weight, sluggish, and stunted because they were not getting enough sodium chloride. They recovered after being switched to a different formula, and the baby food company put salt back in its recipes.

IT’S A FACT • In Leonardo da Vinci’s painting of the Last Supper, the salt container next to Judas is overturned, signifying bad luck.

• Salt is colorless, like snow. It only appears to be white because it scatters light.

WORD WIZARD • “Wich” was the word indicating a town where salt was produced such as Greenwich, Northwich, and even Sandwich, which was a place before it was a food.

• The word “salt” probably comes from the name of the town Es-Salt, which was once a capital city close to the Dead Sea. It is also the origin of words like “salami” and “salad.” The words “war” and “peace” originate from the ancient Arabic words for salt and bread, perhaps because the first wars were fought over these two commodities.

• Much of human society has been built around salt, which has often served as the cornerstone of economy. The Roman government used to pay its soldiers in salt, and our word ‘salary’ comes from the Roman word for salt. Any worker who didn’t work hard was “not worth his salt.”

See the next page for more!

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1. U.S. STATES: What is the highest capital city in the United States?

2. SLOGANS: What was Woodsy Owl’s message from the federal government?

3. RELIGION: When is Maundy Thursday in the Christian religion?

4. MUSIC: Which pop singer was called “The Man from Memphis”?

5. DISCOVERIES: Who is credited with discovering streptomycin?

6. U.S. PRESIDENTS: Which president had a pet badger?

7. SCIENCE: What has happened to a cell that has undergone necrosis?

8. ANIMAL KINGDOM: What is the average gestational period for a rabbit?

9. GEOGRAPHY: Where is the Lombardy region?

10. LITERATURE: What 19th-century poet wrote that “the United States themselves are essentially the greatest poem”? (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

GOES LONG...........

Salt will raise the temperature at which water boils, making food cook faster because it’s cooking hotter. Salt lowers the freezing temperature of water, which is why you use rock salt and ice to make ice cream. Arctic waters freeze at 30 degrees instead of 32 degrees because of the high salt content.

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Page 3

SALT

(continued): WHY IS THE SEA SALTY? • Seas are salty because water dissolves the natural salts in the soils and rocks it flows through on the way to the ocean. Over the eons as water has continually evaporated from the oceans, the salts have been left behind. The concentration builds up year after year. The oceans are 3.5 percent salt.

• The Dead Sea, which, at 1,300 feet (396 m) below sea level is the lowest place on the planet, has plenty of fresh water coming in but not a single place where water can go out. Because the rate of evaporation is so high, all the incoming minerals are left behind. In some spots the Dead Sea is 23% salt which is too salty to support any kind of life. By comparison, the Great Salt Lake in Utah is about 20% salt-- so salty that it never completely freezes over.

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• About 97% of Earth’s water is in the form of salty seawater.

• When evaporated, 150 gallons (567 l) of seawater will yield 35 lbs. (15.8 kg) of salt.

MORE SALTY FACTS • There is enough salt in the seas to cover all the continents to a depth of 500 feet (152 m).

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• The first patent ever issued in America was for a process to recover salt from sea water.

• Where salt seas became land-locked and dried up, large strata of rock salt were left, which are good places for salt mines. One of the largest salt plants in the U.S. is located in Texas City, where there’s a salt deposit that’s 1.5 miles wide (2.4 km) and over three miles (4.8 km) thick.

There’s enough salt in this one location to supply the world’s needs for some 20,000 years.

• The Erie Canal was built with funds raised from a 12% tax placed on American salt and, once built, was used to carry heavy loads of salt from the factories in New York.

DON’T DRINK SEA WATER

1. Who holds the Colorado Rockies pitching record for most career shutouts?

2. What has been the most home runs hit by a Kansas City Royals player in any one season?

3. Name the last team before the Cleveland Browns in 2012 to select both a running back and a quarterback in the first round of the NFL Draft.

4. Name the last team that was a No. 4 seed when it won the NCAA Tournament in men’s basketball.

5. When was the last time before 201415 that the Montreal Canadiens made the conference semifinals of the NHL playoffs two consecutive seasons?

6. Name the last appearance in the MLS Cup final for the New England Revolution before 2014.

7. British cyclists have won three of the past four (2012-15) Tour de France events. Who was the only non-British cyclist to win during that time? (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

• Your kidneys are responsible for making sure the ratio of salt to water in the bloodstream stays at the optimum level. If you drink salt water while stranded on a raft in the ocean, the level of salt in the bloodstream skyrockets. The kidneys now work overtime to add water to the blood in order to return things to normal. Sea water is three times saltier than urine, so for every cup of sea water that is drunk, the body has to make three cups of urine to flush the salt out of the body. This robs your body tissues of their natural supply of water, and you become dehydrated much faster than if you had not drunk the salt water.

FAST FACT • Some species of sea birds have a gland between their eyes that filters salt from seawater that the bird drinks and empties it out of the beak.

Some birds, like the albatross, cannot drink fresh water or they suffer from salt deficiency as the salt continues to pour out of the gland. The camel is also adapted for drinking brackish salt water.

Pure water may intoxicate the animal.

Laughs!

Two peanuts were walking down the road.

One was a salted.

Tidbits® of Bismarck

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NOTEWORTHY INVENTORS:

JOY MORTON

• Joy Morton was born in 1855 in Nebraska City, Nebraska. After falling ill with spinal meningitis at the age of 18, he decided to get a job entailing hard physical labor in an outdoor setting in order to regain his strength. He subsequently went to work for the railroad, working throughout Illinois. He eventually found a job working for E.I. Wheeler’s salt manufacturing company in Chicago.

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• He became a partner in the business in 1886 when he invested $10,000 in order to move salt westward by hauling it on barges across the Great Lakes. When Wheeler died, Morton bought the company. When his brother and son joined the company, it was renamed Morton Salt Company.

It was the only salt company in the nation at the time and it is still remains the #1 salt producer in North America.

• Morton was responsible for two innovations in salt. Iodine is essential for the thyroid gland to work properly. Without iodine, the thyroid swells, sometimes enormously, and forms a goiter. People suffering from iodine deficiency suffer from tremors, fatigue, nausea, and anemia. Iodine is usually present in the soil and the water. But in places where it’s not, goiters became common. In 1924, almost 66% of school children in the Lake Superior school districts had goiters. Meantime, goiters were almost unheard of along the Mississippi River, where the water has up to 18,000 times as much natural iodine as Lake Superior. After being approached by health officials, Morton became the first company to add iodine to its salt in minuscule amounts.

Health authorities correctly surmised that salt was the single most universally consumed food item, and it’s easy to add iodine to salt. One-fifth of a pound of iodine is enough to treat an entire ton of salt.

Continued on the next page!

“”

QUOTE “Of all smells, bread; of all tastes, salt; of all loves, children.”

- George Herbert

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by Samantha Weaver • It was Che Guevara -- physician, author, revolutionary, guerrilla leader and diplomat -- who made the following sage observation: “Silence is argument carried out by other means.”

• If you’ve ever awakened from a dream feeling especially calm and content, you’ve experienced euneirophrenia.

• Sometime in July of 1518, a strange malady swept the town of Strasbourg, France, when hundreds of people were overcome with an irresistible compulsion to dance. Some believed that the only cure was to dance day and night until the compulsion ended, so city leaders hired musicians and set aside guild halls for dancing. According to eyewitness documents, people so enthralled expressed their misery but were unable to stop dancing.

Those with weak hearts actually died while under the compulsion. As inexplicably as the malady struck, it ended in early September, after affecting about 400 residents.

• Those who study such things say that, on a per-capita basis, residents of Louisiana consume twice as much electricity as residents of Maine.

• Of all the works of art stolen in Europe, 60 percent of it ends up in London.

• The name Samantha is thought by some to be a combination of the biblical name Samuel and anthos, the Greek word for flower. During Puritanical times the name became associated with witchcraft, causing a steep decline in its usage. When the TV series “Bewitched” premiered in 1964 -- featuring a witch named Samantha -- the name began steadily gaining in popularity. By 2009, it was the ninth most popular name for girls born in the U.S. • If you’re in the state of Washington and decide to paint polka dots on an American flag, you should be aware that you’re breaking the law. *** Thought for the Day: “Well done is better than well said.” -- Benjamin Franklin (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

For Advertising Call: (701) 391-2076 JOY MORTON (continued):

• As a result, between 1924 and 1928, the goiters of Michigan - and everywhere else virtually disappeared. Today, over half of all table salt sold is iodized. Sea salt has no iodine added because it contains iodine naturally.

Read Tidbits® Online! www.bismarcktidbits.com

• On Oct. 1, 1890, an act of Congress creates Yosemite National Park in California, home of Half Dome and giant sequoia trees.

The act paved the way for generations of hikers, campers and nature lovers, along with countless “Don’t Feed the Bears” signs.

• On Oct. 2, 1948, the first American road race since World War II takes place in Watkins Glen, New York. The New York Central railroad agreed to suspend train service for the afternoon so that the drivers could cross the tracks safely.

• On Sept. 30, 1955, actor James Dean is killed in California when his Porsche hits a sedan. Rumor has it that Dean’s car was cursed.

After the accident, the car rolled off the back of a truck and crushed the legs of a mechanic.

When the parts were sold, the engine, transmission and tires were all transplanted into cars that were subsequently involved in deadly crashes.

• On Sept. 28, 1960, at Boston’s Fenway Park, Red Sox star Ted Williams homers in the final at-bat of his 21-year career. After being booed by Red Sox fans early in his career, Williams swore never to tip his cap to the Boston fans. He never did.

• On Oct. 4, 1970, singer Janis Joplin dies of an accidental heroin overdose at age 27. Joplin, who had a No. 1 hit with “Piece of My Heart,” was discovered in her Los Angeles hotel room after failing to show for a recording session.

• On Sept. 29, 1982, cyanide-laced Tylenol kills six people in Chicago, leading to a nationwide recall. The culprit was never caught, but the mass murder led to new tamperproof medicine containers.

• On Oct. 3, 1990, less than one year after the destruction of the Berlin Wall, East and West Germany come together on what is known as “Unity Day.” Germany had been divided since 1945. (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

• The other innovation Morton invented was to add an anti-caking element to salt. In the 1800s, ground-up salt tended to form clumps in humid weather. Many salt shakers were made that tried to combat this using various means. Some had agitators inside to break up lumps; some had special pockets for moisture-absorbing solutions.

Morton began adding magnesium carbonate to salt which prevented it from clumping up even in the rainiest environments. This inspired their slogan (swiped from the Bible, and suggested by Morton’s son) “When it rains, it pours” and the famous logo of the little girl with the big umbrella.

In a poll, 90% of housewives recognized the slogan. After the clumping problem was solved, the salt shaker became standard issue.

• In 1903, the Morton warehouse in South Chicago contained over 200,000 tons of salt the world’s largest stock under a single roof. No one knows what started the fire, but the entire compound was in ruins by the time it was out.

Where once there were piles of pure white salt, now there were piles of blackened salt, covered with ashes and carbon. Joy Morton was undaunted. Charcoal makes a good additive in stock food, and soon farmers were buying up the new product: Morton’s special “charcoal blend.”

The entire stock of salt was sold.

• In the 1930s the Morton Co. expanded into other chemical products, and in 1982 merged with the Thiokol Corp. to form Morton-Thiokol.

Morton now sells around 400 different kinds of salt-based products.

Page 5

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1. Who had a hit with “For Your Precious Love” in 1958?

2. Name the artist who wrote and recorded “You’ll Lose a Good Thing.”

3. How many members were in the Starland Vocal Band?

4. Who wrote and released “Turn the Page”?

5. Name the 1968 song that contains this lyric: “We were so close but we should’ve been closer, And it’s makin’ me feel so sad. But I tell myself I didn’t lose her, ‘Cause you can’t lose a friend you never had.” (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

Tidbits® of Bismarck

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QUICK QUIZ: SAUCE #1 • Off the coast of Louisiana there’s a place called Avery Island. A family named McIlhenny owned the island and ran the nation’s first successful salt mine there.

• In 1862, in the midst of the Civil War, Union troops invaded the area. They needed salt to preserve their meat, so they took over the island.

Mr. McIlhenny and his family fled to Texas.

• When they returned after the war, they found the salt factory and the plantation ruined. All that was left was a crop of hot peppers, which the soldiers had no taste for. The peppers were particularly hot because the soil was so salty.

McIlhenny was determined to make a profit from the peppers so he began experimenting. He devised a new sauce using his peppers combined with the island’s salt, along with vinegar and spices. He named it after a river in Mexico simply because he liked the word.

• After pouring it into empty cologne bottles, he sent samples to wholesalers. The typical cuisine of the Southern U.S. tended to be bland, but people found that just a few drops of McIlhenny’s sauce spiced things up. In 1868 he sold 350 bottles of the sauce. In 1870 he sold over 1,000. Two years later demand was so great he had to open a London branch.

• Today McIhenny’s factories on Avery Island produce 200,000 to 300,000 bottles of this sauce each day, and it’s sold worldwide. What sauce is it? (Answer on page 7.)

www.bismarcktidbits.com EDITOR’S NOTE: DVDs reviewed in this column will be available in stores the week of September 28, 2015.

PICKS OF THE WEEK Marvel’s Avengers: Age of Ultron (PG13) -- Genius inventor and Iron Man, Tony Stark (Robert Downey Jr.), creates a powerful artificial intelligence that’s supposed to keep the peace. The program, Ultron (voiced by James Spader), concludes that peace on earth starts with killing the Avengers. The Hulk, Captain America, Thor, Black Widow, Iron Man and Hawkeye demonstrate the value of teamwork through a series of intense battles with evil forces and each other. Also joining the fray are Scarlet Witch and Quicksilver, super-powered siblings from the X-Men world.

These characters are more developed than the last time, and there are more of them, but that doesn’t produce the same fun atmosphere. What once was a box-office blast starts to look like another “Expendables” sequel with brighter colors. It’s still an exciting flick, but Marvel had better learn some new tricks before getting the

gang back together again.

Hollywood career. The poor, bland guy is just Spy (PG-13) -- Melissa McCarthy stars as a a few million short of finishing his terribleCIA agent launched from her usual office-work looking Jekyll and Hyde remake, while the into the field of high-stake espionage. Susan other characters around him -- all sporting silly (McCarthy) normally watches over her CIA bro-names as if being a man with friends makes colleagues, feeding vital information from a you a fighter pilot -- confirm that it truly is a secluded office. When all the more Bond-like great movie worth making. agents fall, the Company’s best bet is to send in Cop Car (R) -- Two young boys running away Susan, the last person the bad guys would suspect from home come across an unoccupied police of being a spy. Jason Statham does an excellent car and take it for a joy ride. It seems like fun parody of his usual badass character, and Rose because they don’t know what’s in trunk, or that Byrne nails it as a haughty Euro-villain who the car belongs to a twisted sheriff in the middle trades eloquent insults with the more grounded of a deadly scheme. Kevin Bacon stars as the McCarthy. corrupt lawman, playing him as a dangerously Melissa McCarthy gets back on her feet after devious villain with an unsettling spark of some flopular turns in less-funny movies like aggression in his eyes and mustache. From the “Tammy.” The laughs in this movie show that start you fear for these boys -- even if they are she hasn’t hit the edges of what she’s capable of. mischievous and foul-mouthed -- as they get in It’s also another gold star for director Paul Feig, over their heads in scenic rural America. who worked with McCarthy on “Bridesmaids” TV RELEASES and has my hopes up for the new “Ghostbusters” “Outlander: Season One - Volume Two: movie he’s directing.

Collector’s Edition” Entourage (R) -- As somebody who never “Grimm: Season 4” watched the show on HBO, I wasn’t sure if this “George Gently, Series 7” was a movie or somebody’s exercise in getting “Bones Season 10” as many confusing cameos as possible. Of the “Vera, Set 5” characters who aren’t cameos, there’s a young actor guy named Vince (Adrian Grenier), and (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc. we’re asked to care about the future of his

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Page 7

QUICK QUIZ: SAUCE #2

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• According to the legend, Lord Sandys of England spent several years living in India.

Around 1835 he returned home to England, bringing with him the recipe for a sauce that he liked which was popular in India. He gave the recipe to two druggists named John Lea and William Perrins.

• John Lea and William Perrins were so impressed by Sandys’ ravings about how good it was going to taste that they mixed up a few barrels of it, hoping to make a big profit by selling the excess to their customers. But when they tasted it, they found it so awful that they stored the barrels in the basement and forgot about them.

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• A few years later, the barrels were rediscovered while the basement was being cleaned out. Before throwing it out, they tasted Trivia Test it again. After aging for two years, the sauce had Answers 1. Santa Fe, New Mexico (7,000 feet above sea fermented, developing a new flavor that was an instant hit. They went into business, releasing level) the new product in 1838.

2. “Give a hoot, don’t pollute!”

3. Thursday before Easter, marking the Last • When salesmen employed by Lea and Supper Perrins convinced British passenger ships to put 4. Elvis bottles of the sauce on their dining room tables, 5. Selman Waksman its popularity spread worldwide.

6. Theodore Roosevelt (“Josiah”) • Today the recipe includes anchovies, 7. It has died. soybeans, vinegar, garlic, shallots, and molasses, 8. 28-31 days which are blended and then aged two years.

9. Northern Italy The sauce was named after the town where the 10. Walt Whitman druggists lived, and is still one of the world’s most popular sauces, used in everything from Sports Quiz meats to mixed drinks. What is it? (Answer on Answers page 7.)

1. Jason Jennings and Ubaldo Jimenez, with TABASCO FACTS three each.

• Tabasco should be stored in a cool dark place 2. Steve Balboni hit 36 homers in 1985.

3. The Cincinnati Bengals, in 1979 (Jack but does not need to be refrigerated.

Thompson and Charles Alexander).

• Tabasco sauce may change color over time, 4. Arizona, in 1997. growing darker with exposure to heat and light, 5. It was 1992-93. but that doesn’t affect the taste.

6. It was 2007.

• Tabasco has a shelf life of about five years.

7. Italy’s Vincenzo Nibali, in 2014.

• A teaspoon full of Tabasco has zero calories.

• A maximum of about 700,000 bottles of Flash Back Trivia Tabasco can be turned out every single day.

Answers 1. Jerry Butler and the Impressions. Check out the unreleased Rolling Stones version on YouTube.

2. Barbara Lynn, in 1962. The song was covered

by Freddy Fender and Aretha Franklin.

3. Four, eventually. It started with husband and wife team Bill Danoff and Taffy Nivert, who cowrote “Take Me Home, Country Roads” with John Denver.

4. Bob Seger, in 1973.

5. “I Wonder What She’s Doing Tonight,” written and sung by Tommy Boyce and Bobby Quick Quizzes Answers Hart. A different song of the same title had been Sauce #1: Tabasco released in 1963 by doo-wop group Barry & the Sauce #2: Lea & Perrins created Worcestershire Sauce, often called Worcester Tamerlanes, and yet another with the same title Sauce. (The town was Worcester and ‘shire’

by Russell Smith went to No. 37 on the country means ‘county.’) charts in 1989.

1. Salt dissolves faster in cold water than in hot water.

2. Only 1 percent of chefs measure the amount of salt they use. Most add salt to taste.

Tidbits® of Bismarck

Page 8

42nd Annual Gem & Mineral Show Central Dakota Gem & Mineral Society Friday, October 2, 2015 Saturday, October 3, 2015 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.

AMVETS CLUB Post #9 2402 Railroad Avenue Bismarck, ND

Free Admission Exhibits, Grab Bags, Kids Corner, Lapidary, Gold Panning, Rock Tumbler, Fluorescent Rocks Show

Garage Logic, Inc. 701-751-2717

Garage Floor Coatings, Garage Organization, Hyloft’s, Polishing, Sealing, Shelving, Slatwall, and Staining

For Additional Information Call: (701) 258-9488 www.ndrockclub.org www.facebook.com/CDGMS

ND WWII VICTORY CELEBRATION 70th Anniversary of War’s End

Program & USO-style Victory Dance OCTOBER 10, 2015

World War Memorial Building, Bismarck 2 p.m. Program ~ Dance Follows til 5 pm

Free Event ~ Open to the Public

(WWII veterans: RSVP/register for special seating)

WWII Veterans: to RSVP for the Victory Celebration Program & USO Dance AND register for the 2015 ND WWII Victory Roll Call* (*the roster of living WWII veterans in ND on the 70th Anniversary of WWII)

please contact us by mail, email, or phone.

ND WWII Victory Celebration Box 1111, Bismarck, ND 58502 701-333-2064 (Leave message for callback) Email: ndwwiivictorycelebration@outlook.com Website: ndwwiivictoryceleb.wix.com/victory

“A Single Generation of Men Determined the Fate of all Mankind…..”

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$10.00 OFF Executive Full Service Wash OR $5.00 OFF Executive Exterior Wash Valid only at Expressway and Century Red Carpet in Bismarck Expires 12/31/2015

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