Tidbits of Bismarck, Volume 2, Issue 9

of Bismarck February 25, 2015

Volume 2, Issue 9

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ORANGES

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On February 16, 1957, the first ship to transport orange juice in stainless steel tanks left Port Canaveral, Florida. Come along with Tidbits as we appreciate oranges!

ORANGE HISTORY • Most types of citrus originated in southeastern Asia and India. Many modern varieties were developed in China and Malaysia and transplanted across Asia and Europe.

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• California used to be the top orange producing state, but Florida surpassed California in 1942 and now produces three times as many oranges as California. (The average difference in rainfall between Florida and California amounts to an extra 1,140,000 gallons per acre falling on Florida.) Floridians call them orange groves, but Californians call them orange orchards.

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ORANGES (continued):

WORD ORIGINS • The Sanskrit word ‘naranga’ meaning ‘fragrant’ passed into French, where the word ‘or’ means ‘gold.’ From there it became ‘orange’ meaning ‘gold and fragrant.’

• Tangerines are a variety of citrus which first appeared in Tangier, a city in Morocco. (A person from Tangier is also called a Tangerine.)

Mandarin oranges originated in China, where they speak Mandarin. Clementines may be named after Father Clement Rodier who hybridized them in an orchard in Algeria.

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• The Cedars of Lebanon had round, hard orange-colored cones (like pine cones), and the word for cedar was ‘citron.’ When a new fruit showed up that resembled them, it too was dubbed ‘citron.’ This is the origin of the word ‘citrus’ which actually means ‘cedar.’

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ORANGE TREES • All citrus trees graft very easily so it’s easy to have oranges growing from a lemon rootstock, or lemons growing from an orange rootstock.

In fact, a single citrus tree can have numerous grafts so that it bears lemons, limes, grapefruit, tangerines, kumquats, and oranges all on the same tree at the same time.

• During cold snaps, owners of orange groves will sometimes spray their trees with water in order to form ice. The trees will die if the temperature drops to 24F (-4C), but with a layer of ice, the temperature stays at 32F (0C) if the wind is calm and conditions are right.

• The lifespan of a typical orange tree is about 40 years, but there’s one tree in Europe that was planted in 1421 that lived until the year 1894 and survived several transplants. Some trees in Florida are more than a century old.

• Citrus trees are evergreen. An orange tree seedling doesn’t start to bear fruit until it’s about 15 years old. Grafting new shoots to old roots makes orange production much faster.

FRUIT FACTS • You can’t pick an orange when it’s wet because moisture causes the skin to tighten which makes it very fragile. Orange picking has to wait until the dew dries in the morning and until after the sun has come out following rainstorms.

• Oranges have a natural wax which protects the fruit from dehydration. During processing, the wax is washed off as the fruit is cleaned.

Therefore, an artificial (and edible) wax is applied to the skin of the orange before it leaves the processing plant. Too much wax and the orange suffocates. Too little and it shrivels due to dehydration.

• An orange will last about a month after being picked. An orange will not continue to ripen after it is picked.

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1. GEOGRAPHY: What city is the home of Marco Polo Airport?

2. MAGAZINES: Who was on the cover of the first Rolling Stone magazine?

3. FOOD & DRINK: What are the two ingredients in a Black Russian cocktail?

4. LANGUAGE: What does the Greek suffix “gamy” mean in English?

5. MUSIC: What are the first names of the Blues Brothers (Dan Aykroyd and John Belushi)?

6. HISTORY: In what year did test pilot Chuck Yeager break the sound barrier?

7. TELEVISION: What is the name of the dog on “Family Guy” animated series?

8. U.S. PRESIDENTS: Who was the first president to be born in a hospital?

9. SCIENCE: What would an entomologist study?

10. MOVIES: What are the names of the siblings who had acting roles in “Sixteen Candles”? (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

For Advertising Call: (701) 391-2076 ORANGES (continued):

FRUIT FACTS (continued): • Oranges that grow high on the tree are sweeter than those that grow on the lower branches.

Oranges that grow on the outside branches are sweeter than those growing on inside branches.

Oranges growing on the south side of the tree are sweeter than those on the north side of the tree.

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• The same is true about the amount of juice in an orange, and the amount of vitamin C it contains. Within a single orange, the blossom end will always be sweeter than the stem end.

California oranges, where the climate is arid, have thicker skins than Florida oranges, where the climate is wet.

• Green oranges are just as sweet as orange oranges, and oranges only turn orange when the weather turns cold. Oranges that have turned orange in the cold weather will revert to green again if the weather warms up once more. In many areas, such as Thailand, all oranges remain green constantly and never turn orange at all.

• A single orange provides about two-thirds of your daily requirement of vitamin C. GETTING GASSED • To change the color of a green orange, the fruit is placed in air-tight containers and then surrounded by ethylene gas for up to four days.

Ethylene gas is a natural substance that is given off when fruits and vegetables ripen. The gas eliminates the chlorophyll in the skin, allowing the orange pigment to show through. This is the same process by which a green leaf turns orange in the fall as chlorophyll production tapers off with cold weather.

• The use of ethylene gas was first discovered when Californians noticed that oranges kept in a room where a kerosene stove was being used turned orange very quickly. At first they assumed it was the heat, so packinghouses began ‘ripening’ their oranges in heated rooms, which only served to dehydrate the fruit. Eventually it was discovered that it was the ethylene gas produced in the combustion of kerosene which was actually affecting the color of the oranges.

JUICE

1. In 2014, the New York Yankees’ Derek Jeter became the fifth major-league player with 2,500 career singles. Name two of the first four.

• The search for an orange juice concentrate began during World War II when soldiers needed nutritious drinks in the field. The process of concentrating the juice was finally perfected in 1948. Today, about 96 percent of Florida’s oranges are processed into juice.

2. Who was the last player to lead either the American League or National League in hits and walks in the same season?

• The majority of California’s crop is sold as fresh fruit, whereas Florida’s oranges become juice products.

3. In 2013, Allen Hurns became the fourth University of Miami (Fla.) football player to have 1,000 receiving yards in a season.

Name two of the others.

• 53% of total global frozen concentrated orange juice production comes from Brazil.

4. Three NBA players have had their numbers retired by the Hawks franchise.

Name two of them.

5. When was the last time before 2014 that the Buffalo Sabres were shut out in back-toback games?

6. Name the last time before 2014 (Aric Almirola) that the Petty-owned No. 43 car won a NASCAR Cup race at Daytona?

7. When was the last time a teenage tennis player won a Grand Slam event? (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

• Orange juice squeezed at home will begin to turn bitter within hours because it reacts with oxygen. Orange juice squeezed in a factory is pasteurized which helps prevent this.

• When Citrus Hill decided to call their orange juice “Fresh Choice,” the FDA seized 2,000 cases because the label, reading “Citrus Hill Fresh Choice Orange Juice,” led people to believe the juice was fresh when it was not.

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Tidbits® of Bismarck NOTEWORTHY INVENTIONS:

ORANGE JULIUS

• In 1926 Julius Freed decided he wanted to open an orange juice stand in Los Angeles.

Real estate broker Bill Hamlin helped him find a location for his stand downtown. Julius and Bill subsequently became friends.

• Julius didn’t do badly, but he thought there was room for improvement. Bill had a sensitive stomach and the acid in the orange juice bothered him. Bill also happened to be a chemist, so be began experimenting with orange juice recipes.

• One day he presented Julius with a recipe that mixed orange juice, ice, and milk in a blender for a creamier, smoother, more interesting drink than just plain orange juice.

• When Julius began selling it, his income jumped, rising from an average of $20 a day ($266 in today’s money) to $100 a day ($1,333).

Because people in line at his stand would call out, “Give me an orange, Julius!” he named the new drink after himself: Orange Julius.

• Soon Julius Freed began franchising his operations, assisted by Bill Hamlin who quit his job in real estate and focused on opening Orange Julius stores across the United States. Within three years they had opened 100 stores and the profits for the system, whose only product was a 10-cent drink, approached $3 million.

As shopping malls began expanding across America, so did the Orange Julius franchises.

• In 1964, the Orange Julius was named the official drink of the New York World’s Fair.

According to the Orange Julius website, the drink was also subsequently named the official drink of Intergalactic Fair in Andromeda Galaxy in 1965, although those reports remain unconfirmed.

Continued on the next page!

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by Samantha Weaver • It was British Prime Minister Winston Churchill who made the following sage observation: “All the great things are simple, and many can be expressed in a single word: freedom, justice, honor, duty, mercy, hope.”

• Though an electric eel is born with the ability to see, by the time it becomes an adult it is blind. This lack of sight is not a hindrance, though; the fish uses electricity to create an image of its surroundings in much the same way that we use radar. The electricity is also how the electric eel kills its prey, producing a 600-volt shock -- five times more powerful than a shock from a household outlet.

• For reasons unclear today, in 18th-century England, bumblebees were commonly known as “foggy-toddlers.”

• You might be surprised to learn that in 2011, a man by the name of Ignacio Marc Isperas was granted a U.S. patent for “apparatus facilitating the building of a snow man/woman.” According to the abstract, “the spherically shaped body and adhesion surface form a building component for facilitating the construction of the snow man/woman.”

• If you’re a pickle-maker in Connecticut, you should know that your product cannot legally be considered a pickle unless it bounces when dropped.

• Philadelphia brand cream cheese was originally made in New York.

• According to a recent survey by the National Association of Convenience Stores, 11 percent of adult Americans have at some point in their lives worked at a convenience store or gas station. For 3 percent of adults, that was their first job. *** Thought for the Day: “Once you can accept the universe as matter expanding into nothing that is something, wearing stripes with plaid comes easy.” -- Albert Einstein (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

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ORANGE JULIUS (continued):

• In 1965 Johnny Carson was granted a lifetime pass to every Orange Julius restaurant outlet in the country. Astronaut Alan Shepard was given a similar pass the following year.

• It has been widely reported that in his spare time, Julius also invented an inflatable shrimp trap and a portable pigeon shower for cleaning racing pigeons, which was one of his hobbies.

However, others insist this information is untrue.

• By the time Dairy Queen bought the business in 1987, there were Orange Julius stores throughout the U.S. and Canada, selling a variety of fruit smoothies along with the original orange drink, which has changed little since its invention.

• On Feb. 25, 1828, John Adams, son of President John Quincy Adams, marries his first cousin and inadvertently follows a pattern of keeping marriages within the family. John Adams’ grandfather, President John Adams, had married his third cousin. John’s daughter also married a family member -- her second cousin.

• On Feb. 24, 1938, Variety reports that the film studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer has bought the rights to adapt L. Frank Baum’s children’s novel “The Wonderful Wizard of Oz” for the screen, and that MGM has cast 16-year-old Judy Garland in the film’s central role, Dorothy.

• On Feb. 27, 1942, the U.S. Navy’s first aircraft carrier, the Langley, is sunk by Japanese warplanes, and all of its 32 aircraft are lost. The Langley had parted company from its convoy when nine Japanese twin-engine bombers attacked. Of the 300 crewmen, only 16 were lost.

• Today Orange Julius has more than thousands of stand-alone stores, as well as combination Dairy Queen / Orange Julius locations in the U.S., plus locations in Canada and other international markets. Both Orange Julius and Dairy Queen are currently owned by a multi-national conglomerate called Berkshire Hathaway, whose CEO is billionaire Warren Buffet.

• Here’s the recipe if you want to make a drink similar to the Orange Julius at home: 1 1/4 cup orange juice 1 cup water 3 tablespoons egg white 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 1/4 cup sugar 1 cup ice Blend all ingredients except ice in blender.

When sugar is dissolved, add ice and blend until creamy. You can vary the recipe by adding milk, cream, yogurt, ice cream, whole eggs, or bananas.

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• On Feb. 28, 1953, Cambridge University scientists James D. Watson and Frances H.C. Crick announce that they have determined the double-helix structure of DNA, the molecule containing human genes. Watson later claimed that Crick announced the discovery by walking into the nearby Eagle Pub and blurting out, “We have discovered the secret of life.”

• On Feb. 26, 1968, allied troops who recaptured the city of Hue from the North Vietnamese during the Tet Offensive find the first mass graves in the former imperial capital.

It was discovered that communist troops who had held the city for 25 days had massacred between 2,800 and 5,700 civilians.

• On March 1, 1971, musician James Taylor makes the cover of Time magazine. The article contrasted Taylor’s gentle rock sound to the “walloping folk rock of Bob Dylan,” the “thunderous eloquence of the Beatles” and the “leer of the Rolling Stones.”

1. What were the Four Seasons calling themselves when they recorded “Don’t Think Twice”?

2. Where did The New Christy Minstrels get their name?

3. Which Everly Brothers song went to the top of the charts despite having been banned on radio in Boston?

4. What do “Roses Are Red (My Love),” “When” and “Blue River” have in common?

• On Feb. 23, 1980, speed skater Eric Heiden wins the 10,000-meter race at the Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, setting a world record with his time. Before Heiden, no other athlete in Olympic history had ever won five individual gold medals.

5. Name the song that contains this lyric: “My world was shattered, I was torn apart, like someone took a knife and drove it deep in my heart, You walked out that door, I swore that I didn’t care, But I lost everything, Darling, then and there.”

(c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

(c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

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Tidbits® of Bismarck

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Tell them you saw it in Tidbits®!

The performances are downright amazing.

The central pair have such a dynamic going -- are they teacher-and-student, tormentor-andprisoner, father-and-son? J.K. Simmons has, until this point, been known for bit dad roles and insurance commercials. Now he’s buried in awards from this outstanding breakthrough role.

EDITOR’S NOTE: DVDs reviewed in this column will be available in stores the week of February 23, 2015.

PICKS OF THE WEEK Big Hero 6 (PG) -- This Disney animated feature takes us to the futuristic fictional metropolis of San Fransokyo, where a bunch of tech whizzes (and their inflatable robot) build themselves into superheros to battle a Kabukimasked supervillain. The heart and soul of the supergroup is 14-year-old Hiro (voiced by Ryan Potter) and a doughy, adorable robot caregiver named Baymax (Scott Adsit).

It hits all the notes you’d expect from a Disney super-adventure -- a kid for the kids to relate to, a goofy show-stealing sidekick, quirky supporting characters, vulnerable feelings and dazzling animated action sequences. While the characters are loosely adapted from a lesser level of the Marvel Comics world, this world fits in with genre demands while still bringing a refreshing energy to the screen.

Whiplash (R) -- A gifted young jazz drummer gets pushed to his furthest edges by a merciless music teacher so sadistic and single-minded that you’ll be scared of him too. Andrew (Miles Teller) is a prodigy behind a drum kit, and he’s determined to reach the highest level at his musical conservatory. He catches the attention of the school’s most feared and respected teacher, Terrence (J.K. Simmons), who immediately starts with the mindgames, working Andrew to the bone and changing him to the core.

Beyond the Lights (R) -- This touching romance follows Noni (Gugu Mbatha-Raw), a pop singer about to take over the charts with her astounding voice and full-scale sex appeal. Trouble is, stardom and objectification aren’t all Noni was told they would be by her overbearing stage mom (Minnie Driver).

When things seem darkest and Noni can’t take it anymore, she’s rescued by a hunky, virtuous cop named Kaz (Nate Parker). Even when the plot wears thin, the performances and directing give it gravity it needs.

Horrible Bosses 2 (R) -- Jason Bateman, Charlie Day and Jason Sudeikis are reunited as the three bumbling revenge-plotting pals from the pretty good 2011 prequel. The trio is trying to launch a small business -- selling some silly invention -- when they get swindled by Bert Hanson (Christoph Waltz), a big businessman who said he could help them succeed. Our protagonists decide to kidnap Hanson’s playboy son (Chris Pine). Unfortunately, while the leads still have their comedy chemistry, a confused script strangles the humor and pushes things into a more predictable territory.

TV RELEASES “Sons of Anarchy: Season 7” “Midsomer Murders, Set 25” “Mountain Men: Season 3” “Return to the Wild: The Chris Mccandless Story” “The Alps From Above: A Symphony of Summits” (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

LEMONS • Christopher Columbus introduced citrus trees to the island of Haiti in 1493 during his second voyage.

• The demand for lemons and their scurvypreventing properties hit a peak during the California Gold Rush of 1849. Miners were willing to pay huge sums for a single lemon. As a result, lemon trees were planted in abundance throughout California.

• Today, California and Arizona produce 95% of the entire U.S. lemon crop. California produces more lemons than all of Europe.

• Lemons are technically berries, as are oranges, watermelons, and tomatoes.

• Although lemon trees need lots of sunshine and cannot tolerate killing frosts, they grow surprisingly well in poor soil, even in sandy soils. Lemon trees bloom and produce fruit yearround. Each tree can produce between 500 and 600 pounds of lemons in a year, which amounts to up to 3,000 lemons annually.

• Lemon juice is about 5 percent citric acid, making it a natural for slowing the browning or oxidation of fresh, raw foods: apples, avocados, bananas, and other fruits.

• When given a choice of orange, grapefruit, peaches, apples, or lemon, cattle will eat lemons first. This is thought to be because the citric acid in lemons aids in digestion.

• Before juicing, roll a room-temperature lemon under your palm to break down the cells inside the fruit that hold liquid. If a fruit is especially hard, microwave it for 20 seconds.

The average lemon holds about 3 tablespoons of juice and has about 8 seeds.

• In 2003, the heaviest lemon ever grown was recorded in Kefar Zeitim, Israel. It weighed just over 11.5 pounds (5.265 kg), had a circumference of 29 inches (74 cm), and was 13.7 inches (35 cm) long.

Continued on the next page!

Page 7

For Advertising Call: (701) 391-2076 LEMONS (continued):

• You may store lemons at room temperature for about two weeks. They will keep for up to six weeks in a plastic bag in the refrigerator.

Sprinkle them with water to keep them fresh in the plastic bag. You can also freeze lemons.

HEALTH BENEFITS • Lemons are nature’s top source of citric acid, a life essential found in the cells of all living creatures. Fresh lemon juice has only 4 calories per tablespoon.

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• They are one of nature’s seven top sources of potassium, a mineral that promotes clear thinking, aids in normalizing blood pressure, and works with sodium to regulate the body’s water balance. The juice of half a lemon in warm water helps eliminate toxins and ease aches, cleanse the liver, and stimulate the metabolism.

• High in vitamin C, lemons prevent scurvy, a disease that causes bleeding gums, loose teeth and aching joints. To this day, the British Navy requires ships to carry enough lemons so that every sailor can have one ounce of lemon juice a day.

• Add the juice of one lemon to an equal amount of hot water for an anti-bacterial gargle.

• Lemon juice promotes perspiration and helps block pain. When lemon juice is heated, salicylic acid – the chemical precursor of aspirin’s active ingredient – is produced.

• Citric acid can help eliminate calcium deposits in the arteries as well as pancreatic and kidney stones.

• Lemons contain modified citrus pectin and limonoids, which have been shown in a recent study to prohibit the spread of cancer cells, slow cancer cell growth, and induce cancer cell death.

Sports Quiz Answers 1. Ty Cobb, Eddie Collins, Willie Keeler and Pete Rose.

2. Lenny Dykstra, in 1993 for Philadelphia (194 hits, 129 walks).

3. Leonard Hankerson, Eddie Brown and Andre Johnson.

4. Lou Hudson, Bob Pettit and Dominique Wilkins.

5. It was 2003.

6. It was 1984, and Richard Petty was the driver.

7. In 2006, 19-year-old Maria Sharapova won the U.S. Open.

Trivia Test Answers

1. Venice 2. John Lennon 3. Vodka and coffee liqueur 4. Marriage 5. Jake and Elwood 6. 1947 7. Brian 8. Jimmy Carter 9. Insects 10. John and Joan Cusack

Flash Back Trivia Answers 1. The Wonder Who?, as they were called from 1965 to 1967.

2. The name comes from the original Christy Minstrels, started in 1843. Over 300 people have been members of the group, with soon-tobe famous musicians coming and going over the years.

3. “Wake Up Little Susie,” in 1957.

4. They’re all hits written by Paul Evans but recorded by others.

5. “If I Could Turn Back Time” by Cher in 1989.

The video was recorded aboard the battleship USS Missouri with sailors in attendance -- and Cher wearing only a fishnet body stocking.

Enterprise Publications, LLC, owned and operated by James and Nikki Wiese of Bismarck, recently acquired the rights to publish Tidbits® in the

Bismarck/Mandan area. Tidbits® is a light and interesting paper dedicated to publishing things you didn’t know. A “tidbit” is defined as “a tasty morsel to be devoured before the meal,” and that’s exactly what Tidbits® is.....a morsel for the mind. Tidbits® is published weekly, so look out! Tidbits® has arrived! Distributed at area restaurants, Tidbits® is meant to be picked up when entering and read while dining. Tidbits® provides food for thought, so Bon Appetit! Tidbits® can also be found wherever people are waiting. Whether you are waiting for your vehicle to have its oil changed or get new tires, or waiting for your doctor, chiropractor, optomistrist, or dentist, rest assured that Tidbits® will be there to keep you entertained! Once you are done waiting, either take it home for further enjoyment or leave it for the next person! Don’t worry about running out, because we will publish more each week. If you actually have a week where you are not waiting for something, rest assured that Tidbits® will still be there. Find and read each week’s edition online at our website, www.bismarcktidbits.com. Tidbits® is here for you.

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