Y14 primary pages full flip flap by Boomerang Media

Your personalised

cover design 2014 - 2015

Class/Form

“My favourite things in life don’t cost any money. It’s really clear that the most precious resource we all have is time” Steve Jobs

“Yesterday’s the past, tomorrow’s the future, but today is a gift. That’s why it’s called the present.” Bil Keane

Name

“It’s an odd idea for someone like me to keep a diary; not only because I have never done so before, but because it seems to me that neither I - nor for that matter anyone else - will be interested in the unbosomings of a thirteen-year-old school girl.”

“Time is more precious than gold, more precious than diamonds, more precious than oil or any valuable treasures.” Cecilia Ahern

Anne Frank, The Diary of a Young Girl

education

PA L

education

Primary Activity Logbook

The Team

Page 4

Introducing the team... Monsterpals!

My Reading Record

Pages 5-25

Reading is a very important part of school and here you can write down all the books you’re reading, Also we have a few recommendations for you to read.

My Spelling Lists

Pages 26-47

Which new words are you learning to spell? This section is for you to write down or stick in your spelling list each week. We have also included some common, tricky words to spell.

My Weekly Planner

Pages 50-101

Space for notes between your teacher & parents, plus you can record your homework, after school activities and any other important tasks. Keep an eye out for our new planner friends, the Monsterpals with lots of fascinating facts!

The Back Pages

Pages 104-123

A new expanded handy reference section that includes pages on grammar, punctuation, maths, the Solar System, the human body, history, religions, Internet safety and geography.

Traffic Lights

Pages 124-126

The red, amber and green pages at the back of your PAL are to use in class to show whether you understand or if you need a bit of extra help from your teacher. This PAL was researched, written, designed and produced for you by the Boomerang Diary Team – Garfield, Paul, Jason, Andy, Linda, Hugo and our guest researcher/writer Elizabeth Holmes. Whilst great care has been taken in compiling the information in this diary, the publisher cannot accept responsibility for any errors. ©Boomerang Ed Ltd 2014

www.boomerang-ed.com

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wisdom  recommend thorough  vocabulary  pronunciation demonstrate syllable  challenge  introduce  guarantee 

thorough  recommend  vocabulary  pronunciation  syllable  vocabulary  demonstrate  challenge  thorough  pronunciation  pronunciation  syllable  emonstrate  vocabulary demonstrate  demonstrate  challenge  syllable  pronunciation  syllable   challenge  demonstrate  challenge  introduce   www.oxforddictionaries.com/schools introduce  syllable  guarantee  introduce   pronunciation  challenge  wisdom  guarantee  guarantee  recommend  demonstrate  introduce  wisdom  wisdom  demonstrate  guarantee  thorough  recommend  recommend  vocabulary  introduce  wisdom  thorough 

Practice makes perfect

My Reading Record

Title & comments

My Reading Record

Date

Reading Age up to

Recommended books: 101 Poems for Children, edited by Carol Ann Duffy • Dixie O’ Day in the Fast Lane by Shirley Hughes • Maisie Hitchins: The Case of the Stolen Sixpence by Holly Web • Where the Wild Things Are by Maurice Sendak • Winnie the Pooh by A. A. Milne 5

My Reading Record Date

Title & comments

Reading Age

Recommended books: A Boy and a Bear in a Boat by Dave Shelton • Atticus Claw Breaks the Law by Jennifer Gray • Bed-Knob and Broomstick by Mary Norton • Claude in the Country by Alex T. Smith • Fantastic Mr Dahl by Michael Rosen • Fantastic Mr Fox by Roald Dahl • Flat Stanley by Jeff Brown • Grimm’s Fairy Tales by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

wisdom  recommend thorough  vocabulary  pronunciation demonstrate syllable  challenge  introduce  guarantee 

Practice makes perfect

My Reading Record

Title & comments

My Reading Record

Date

Reading Age

Recommended books: Just So Stories by Rudyard Kipling • Little House in the Big Woods by Laura Ingalls Wilder • Mariella Mystery: The Ghostly Guinea Pig by Kate Pankhurst • Operation Bunny: Wings & Co by Sally Gardner • Pirates ‘n’ Pistols: Ten Swashbuckling Pirate Tales by Chris Moulds 7

My Reading Record Date

Title & comments

Reading Age 8

Recommended books: Sheep-Pig by Dick King-Smith • Stig of the Dump by Clive King • Swallows and Amazons by Arthur Ransome • The Animals of Farthing Wood by Colin Dann • The BFG by Roald Dahl • The Dragonsitter Takes Off by Josh Lacey • The Enchanted Wood by Enid Blyton • The Famous Five by Enid Blyton

wisdom  recommend thorough  vocabulary  pronunciation demonstrate syllable  challenge  introduce  guarantee 

Practice makes perfect

My Reading Record

Title & comments

My Reading Record

Date

Reading Age

Recommended books: The Hodgeheg by Dick King-Smith • The Iron Man by Ted Hughes • The Magic Faraway Tree by Enid Blyton • The Nine Lives of Montezuma by Michael Morpurgo The Rat-a-Tat Mystery by Enid Blyton • The Reluctant Dragon by Kenneth Grahame • The Secret Seven by Enid Blyton • The Sleepwalkers by Viviane Schwarz 9

My Reading Record Date

Title & comments

Reading Age 10

Recommended books: The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame • The Worst Witch and the Wishing Star by Jill Murphy • Wendy Quill is a Crocodile’s Bottom by Wendy Meddour • Whale Boy by Nicola Davies • Witches by Roald Dahl

wisdom  recommend thorough  vocabulary  pronunciation demonstrate syllable  challenge  introduce  guarantee 

Practice makes perfect

My Reading Record

Title & comments

My Reading Record

Date

Reading Age

Recommended books: A Bear Called Paddington by Michael Bond • A Little Princess by Frances Hodgson Burnett • Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain • Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll • Black Beauty by Anna Sewell • Black Tide by Caroline Clough • Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl 11

My Reading Record Date

Title & comments

Reading Age 12

Recommended books: Charlotte’s Web by E. B. White • Dancing Shoes by Noel Streatfeild • Danny the Champion of the World by Roald Dahl • Five Children and It by Edith Nesbit • Fortunately, the Milk by Neil Gaiman • James and the Giant Peach by Roald Dahl • Journey to the Centre of the Earth by Jules Verne

wisdom  recommend thorough  vocabulary  pronunciation demonstrate syllable  challenge  introduce  guarantee 

Practice makes perfect

My Reading Record

Title & comments

My Reading Record

Date

Reading Age

Recommended books: Just William by Richmal Crompton • Mary Poppins by P. L. Travers • Moby Dick by Herman Melville • Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens • Peter Pan by James Matthew Barrie • Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi • Pippi Longstocking by Astrid Lindgren • Really Weird Removals.com by Daniela Sacerdoti • Shiverton Hall by Emerald Fennell 13

My Reading Record Date

Title & comments

Reading Age 14

Recommended books: The Accidental Time Traveller by Janis Mackay • The Amazing Tale of Ali Pasha by Michael Foreman • The Borrowers by Mary Norton • The Call of the Wild by Jack London • The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling • The Last Wild by Piers Torday • The Queen’s Nose by Dick King-Smith

wisdom  recommend thorough  vocabulary  pronunciation demonstrate syllable  challenge  introduce  guarantee 

Practice makes perfect

My Reading Record

Title & comments

My Reading Record

Date

Reading Age

Recommended books: The Story of the Blue Planet by Andri Snær Magnason • The Swiss Family Robinson by Johann Rudolf Wyss • The Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum • Through the Looking Glass by Lewis Carroll • To Be a Cat by Matt Haig • Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson • Under the Weather by Tony Bradman 15

My Reading Record Date

Title & comments

Reading Age 16

Recommended books: A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens • A Horse Called Hero by Sam Angus • A Series of Unfortunate Events by Lemony Snicket • A Twist of Fortune by Barbara Mitchelhill • Alex, the Dog and the Unopenable Door by Ross Montgomery Binny for Short by Hilary McKay • Constable and Toop by Gareth P. Jones

wisdom  recommend thorough  vocabulary  pronunciation demonstrate syllable  challenge  introduce  guarantee 

Practice makes perfect

My Reading Record

Title & comments

My Reading Record

Date

Reading Age

Recommended books: Darcy Burdock by Laura Dockrill • Dear Scarlett by Fleur Hitchcock • Feather Boy by Nicky Singer • Liar and Spy by Rebecca Stead • Listening for Lucca by Suzanne LaFleur • Midnight Pirates by Ally Kennen • Oksa Pollock: The Last Hope by Anne Plichota & Cendrine Wolf • Pollyanna by Eleanor H. Porter 17

My Reading Record Date

Title & comments

Reading Age 18

Recommended books: Rooftoppers by Katherine Rundell • Sky Hawk by Gill Lewis • Soldier Dog by Sam Angus • The Alex Rider series by Anthony Horowitz • The Bomber Dog by Megan Rix • The Boy Who Swam with Piranhas by David Almond • The Child’s Elephant by Rachel Campbell-Johnston

wisdom  recommend thorough  vocabulary  pronunciation demonstrate syllable  challenge  introduce  guarantee 

Practice makes perfect

My Reading Record

Title & comments

My Reading Record

Date

Reading Age

Recommended books: The Dark Lord: The Teenage Years by Jamie Thompson •The Great Ice Cream Heist by Elen Caldecott • The Happy Prince by Oscar Wilde • The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway • The Poison Boy by Fletcher Moss •The Railway Children by E. Nesbit • The Terrible Thing That Happened to Barnaby Brocket by John Boyne 19

My Reading Record Date

Reading Age 20

10+

Title & comments

Recommended books: A Greyhound of a Girl by Roddy Doyle • Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery • David Copperfield by Charles Dickens • Girl With a White Dog by Anne Booth • Goodnight Mr. Tom by Michelle Magorian • Itch by Simon Mayo • Of Lions and Unicorns by Michael Morpurgo • Private Peaceful by Michael Morpurgo

wisdom  recommend thorough  vocabulary  pronunciation demonstrate syllable  challenge  introduce  guarantee 

Practice makes perfect

My Reading Record

Title & comments

My Reading Record

Date

Reading Age

10+

Recommended books: Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm by Kate Douglas Wiggin • Red River Stallion by Troon Harrison • Shadows of the Silver Screen by Christopher Edge • Shrunk by F.R. Hitchcock • Skull in the Wood by Sandra Greaves • Song Hunter by Sally Prue 21

My Reading Record Date

Reading Age 22

10+

Title & comments

Recommended books: Stay Where You Are and Then Leave by John Boyne • The Golden Compass by Philip Pullman • The Jade Boy by Cate Cain The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis • The School for Good and Evil by Soman Chainani

wisdom  recommend thorough  vocabulary  pronunciation demonstrate syllable  challenge  introduce  guarantee 

Practice makes perfect

My Reading Record

Title & comments

My Reading Record

Date

Reading Age

10+

Recommended books: The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett • The Story of the Treasure Seekers by E. Nesbit • The Weight of Water by Sarah Crossan • Truckers by Terry Pratchett • Wonder by R.J. Palacio 23

My Reading Record Date

Title & comments

Reading Age 24

11+

Recommended books: After Tomorrow by Gillian Cross • Counting Stars by David Almond • Maggot Moon by Sally Gardner • Skellig by David Almond • The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain

wisdom  recommend thorough  vocabulary  pronunciation demonstrate syllable  challenge  introduce  guarantee 

Practice makes perfect

My Reading Record

Title & comments

My Reading Record

Date

Reading Age

11 +

Recommended books: The Lost World by Arthur Conan Doyle • The Positively Last Performance by Geraldine McCaughrean • Tom Brown’s Schooldays by Thomas Hughes • War Horse by Michael Morpurgo 25

My Spelling Lists Date:

Date:

Tricky words: 26

a bit

a lot

accommodate

add

address

Learn to spell with Biff, Chip and Kipper www.oxfordowl.co.uk

My Spelling Lists Date:

My Spelling Lists

Date:

answer

apparently

appear

attached

basically

My Spelling Lists Date:

Date:

Tricky words: 28

because

beginning

believe

business

calendar

Learn to spell with Biff, Chip and Kipper www.oxfordowl.co.uk

My Spelling Lists Date:

My Spelling Lists

Date:

caught

climb

definite

desert

dessert

My Spelling Lists Date:

Date:

Tricky words: 30

diary

different

disappear

disappoint

dough

Learn to spell with Biff, Chip and Kipper www.oxfordowl.co.uk

My Spelling Lists Date:

My Spelling Lists

Date:

eighth

embarrass

enough

environment

My Spelling Lists Date:

Date:

Tricky words: 32

excellent

extraordinary

favourite

February

Learn to spell with Biff, Chip and Kipper www.oxfordowl.co.uk

My Spelling Lists Date:

My Spelling Lists

Date:

foreign

forty

forward

fourth

friend

My Spelling Lists Date:

Date:

Tricky words: 34

height

island

jealous

library

listen

loose

Learn to spell with Biff, Chip and Kipper www.oxfordowl.co.uk

My Spelling Lists Date:

My Spelling Lists

Date:

lose

lovely

minute

necessary

neighbour

My Spelling Lists Date:

Date:

Tricky words: 36

ninth

nought

often

potato

quarter

Learn to spell with Biff, Chip and Kipper www.oxfordowl.co.uk

My Spelling Lists Date:

My Spelling Lists

Date:

queue

ready

really

recipe

rhythm

rough

My Spelling Lists Date:

Date:

Tricky words: 38

said

separate

surprise

though

thought

Learn to spell with Biff, Chip and Kipper www.oxfordowl.co.uk

My Spelling Lists Date:

My Spelling Lists

Date:

through

tomato

tomorrow

twelfth

until

My Spelling Lists Date:

Date:

Tricky words: 40

Wednesday

were

width

buy / by / bye

Learn to spell with Biff, Chip and Kipper www.oxfordowl.co.uk

My Spelling Lists Date:

My Spelling Lists

Date:

flour / flower

for / four

hear / here

itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s / its

My Spelling Lists Date:

Date:

Tricky words: 42

mail / male

meat / meet

new / knew

night / knight

Learn to spell with Biff, Chip and Kipper www.oxfordowl.co.uk

My Spelling Lists Date:

My Spelling Lists

Date:

no / know

past / passed

piece / peace

rain / reign / rein

My Spelling Lists Date:

Date:

Tricky words: 44

right / write

sail / sale

sea / see

sew / so

Learn to spell with Biff, Chip and Kipper www.oxfordowl.co.uk

My Spelling Lists Date:

My Spelling Lists

Date:

taught / taut

their / theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re / there

through / threw

My Spelling Lists Date:

Date:

Tricky words: 46

whether / weather

Learn to spell with Biff, Chip and Kipper www.oxfordowl.co.uk

My Spelling Lists Date:

My Spelling Lists

Date:

Can you think of any other homophones?

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August 11

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

It’s shortly the start of a new school year! Make sure you have everything you need before term starts: uniform, sports kit, stationery, water bottle, lunch, bag and planner!

ημέρα Σελήνης (hēméra Selḗnēs)

International Youth Day www.un.org

ημέρα Άρεως (hēméra Áreōs)

ημέρα Ερμου (hēméra Hermou)

ημέρα Διός (hēméra Diós)

ημέρα Αφροδίτης (hēméra Aphrodítēs)

Sunday

School signature:

Janmashtami – Hinduism

ημέρα Ηλίου (hēméra Hēlíou)

Notes home

ημέρα Κρόνου (hēméra Krónou)

Home signature:

Monday

Tuesday

ημέρα Σελήνης (hēméra Selḗnēs)

August

ημέρα Άρεως (hēméra Áreōs)

20 Wednesday

Days in Ancient Greek

ημέρα Ερμου (hēméra Hermou)

Thursday

ημέρα Διός (hēméra Diós)

22 Friday

ημέρα Αφροδίτης (hēméra Aphrodítēs)

Saturday

ημέρα Κρόνου (hēméra Krónou)

Sunday

ημέρα Ηλίου (hēméra Hēlíou)

Notes home

School signature:

Home signature:

August / September 25

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Communication is important. It’s about how we talk to each other and how well we listen. Do your friends think you are a good listener?

Summer Bank Holiday

ημέρα Σελήνης (hēméra Selḗnēs)

ημέρα Άρεως (hēméra Áreōs)

ημέρα Ερμου (hēméra Hermou)

ημέρα Διός (hēméra Diós)

ημέρα Αφροδίτης (hēméra Aphrodítēs)

Sunday

ημέρα Ηλίου (hēméra Hēlíou)

Notes home

ημέρα Κρόνου (hēméra Krónou)

School signature:

Home signature:

Monday

75th anniversary of the outbreak of WW2, 1939

ημέρα Σελήνης (hēméra Selḗnēs)

02 Tuesday

The outbreak of the Great Fire of London, 1666

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Aug / Sep

ημέρα Άρεως (hēméra Áreōs)

75 years since Britain declared war on Germany, 1939

Days in Ancient Greek

ημέρα Ερμου (hēméra Hermou)

ημέρα Διός (hēméra Diós)

ημέρα Αφροδίτης (hēméra Aphrodítēs)

Sunday

ημέρα Ηλίου (hēméra Hēlíou)

Notes home

ημέρα Κρόνου (hēméra Krónou)

School signature:

Home signature:

September 08

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

You may know that your fingerprints are unique, but did you know that your toe prints are unique too? Each toe has its own print and nobodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s prints are the same.

International Literacy Day www.unesco.org

lundi

mardi

mercredi

jeudi

vendredi

Sunday dimanche

Notes home

samedi

School signature:

Home signature:

WIN BOOKS AND A KINDLE FIRE ON PAGE 102

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Scholasticlundi Diary Banners _V6-otr.indd 1

16/4/14 19:19:10

September

mardi

mercredi

Days in French

jeudi

Jeans for Genes Day www.jeansforgenesday.org

vendredi

20 Saturday

Sunday dimanche

Notes home

samedi

School signature:

Home signature:

September / October 22

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Do you like working with others? Team work is a very important skill. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s important to offer our ideas as well as listen to others.

lundi

September Equinox (at 02:29)

mardi

Start of Rosh Hashanah - Judaism

mercredi

Start of Navratri â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Hinduism

jeudi

vendredi

Sunday dimanche

Notes home

samedi

School signature:

Home signature:

The funniest book you’ll read?

absO-flippiNg-luTely! www.worldofnorm.co.uk

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Out NOW

lundi

mercredi

02 Thursday

Sep / Oct

mardi

Black History Month www.blackhistorymonthuk.co.uk International Walk to School Month

National Poetry Day www.poetrysociety.org.uk

Friday

Saturday

vendredi

Start of Eid al-Adha – Islam Start of Yom Kippur – Judaism

Sunday dimanche

Notes home

samedi

Days in French

jeudi

School signature:

Home signature:

World Teachers Day www.worldteachersday.org

October 06

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s World Mental Health Day on October 10th. Mental health is to do with how we feel. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s important to talk to someone you trust like a family member or a teacher if you start to feel sad or anxious.

World Space Week www.worldspaceweek.org

maandag

dinsdag

Full Moon

woensdag

donderdag

World Mental Health Day www.who.int

vrijdag

Sunday zondag

Notes home

zaterdag

School signature:

Home signature:

102

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Scholasticmaandag Diary Banners _V6-otr.indd 2

16/4/14 19:19:14

Battle of Hastings, 1066

October

dinsdag

woensdag

World Food Day www.fao.org

Days in Dutch

donderdag

vrijdag

Sunday zondag

Notes home

zaterdag

School signature:

Home signature:

October / November 20

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

National Anti-Bullying Week (17-21 Nov 14) happens every year. If you, or a friend, ever feel bullied, talk to someone who can help, like a family member or a teacher.

maandag

dinsdag

woensdag

Diwali â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Hinduism

donderdag

vrijdag

Sunday zondag

Notes home

zaterdag

School signature:

Home signature:

British Summer Time Ends

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

maandag

Oct / Nov

dinsdag

woensdag

Days in Dutch

donderdag

Halloween - All Hallows Eve

vrijdag

Sunday zondag

Notes home

zaterdag

School signature:

Home signature:

November 03

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Bonfire Night remembers the failed plot by Guy Fawkes and his men to blow up the King and the Houses of Parliament. Can you complete the rhyme; Remember, remember! The fifth of November…

lunedì

martedì

Bonfire Night

mercoledì

giovedì

Birthday of Guru Nanak – Sikhism Full Moon

venerdì

Notes home School signature:

Sunday domenica

Answer: Remember, remember! The fifth of November, Gunpowder treason and plot; I know of no reason why gunpowder treason should ever be forgot!

sabato

Home signature:

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

lunedì

Armistice Day - World War 1 ended, 1918

November

martedì

mercoledì

Days in Italian

giovedì

BBC Children in Need www.bbc.co.uk/pudsey

venerdì

Sunday domenica

Notes home

sabato

School signature:

Home signature:

November 17

Monday

Anti-Bullying Week www.antibullyingweek.co.uk

Tuesday

Inter Faith Week www.interfaithweek.co.uk

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

lunedì

martedì

mercoledì

Universal Children’s Day www.un.org

giovedì

venerdì

International Education Week www.globaldimension.org.uk

Sunday domenica

Notes home

sabato

School signature:

Home signature:

Global Entrepreneurship Week www.gew.org.uk

WIN BOOKS AND A KINDLE FIRE ON PAGE 102

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Scholasticlunedì Diary Banners _V6-otr.indd 3

16/4/14 19:19:15

November

martedì

mercoledì

Days in Italian

giovedì

venerdì

Sunday domenica

Notes home

sabato

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St Andrew’s Day – patron saint of Scotland

December 01

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Britain is covered in trees! The oldest tree is thought to be the Fortingall Yew in Tayside. This tree is believed to be over 3,000 years old! Imagine that! Do you know the name given to trees that drop their leaves?

World AIDS Day www.worldaidscampaign.org

Diluain

DimĂ irt

Diciadain

Diardaoin

International Volunteer Day

Dihaoine

Sunday

DidĂ˛mhnaich

Notes home

Full Moon

Answer: Deciduous

Disathairne

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Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Diluain

December

Dimàirt

Human Rights Day www.un.org

Days in Scottish Gaelic

Diciadain

Diardaoin

Dihaoine

Sunday

Didòmhnaich

Notes home

Disathairne

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December 15

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Snow can be great fun, especially making snowmen or sliding down hills on sledges! Amazingly around 12% of the land surface of Earth is permanently covered in snow and ice!

Diluain

Start of Hanukkah - Judaism

DimĂ irt

Diciadain

Diardaoin

Dihaoine

Sunday

DidĂ˛mhnaich

Notes home

Disathairne

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Winter Solstice (shortest day)

102!

22 Monday

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Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

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December

Dimàirt

Christmas Eve

Days in Scottish Gaelic

Diciadain

Christmas Day - Western Christianity

Diardaoin

Boxing Day

Dihaoine

Sunday

Didòmhnaich

Notes home

Disathairne

School signature:

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December / January 29

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Being organised is a great skill to have at school! It means you never forget your P.E. kit or school books and you get your work done on time.

Diluain

Dimàirt

New Year’s Eve

Diciadain

New Year’s Day Bank Holiday (UK)

Diardaoin

Bank Holiday (Scotland)

Dihaoine

Milad un Nabi - Islam

Sunday

Didòmhnaich

Notes home

Disathairne

School signature:

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Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Birthday of Guru Gobind Singh - Sikhism

Diluain

Dec / Jan

Dimàirt

Christmas Day - Eastern Christianity

Days in Scottish Gaelic

Diciadain

Diardaoin

Dihaoine

Sunday

Didòmhnaich

Notes home

Disathairne

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January 12

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s your favourite fruit? Apples contain vitamin C which is good for skin and bones and vitamin B-6 which helps your immune system (helping to fight off illness).

Montag

Dienstag

Mittwoch

Donnerstag

Freitag

Sunday Sonntag

Notes home

Samstag

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102!

Monday

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20 Tuesday

January

Dienstag

Wednesday Mittwoch

22 Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Days in German

Donnerstag

Ganesh Jayanti - Hinduism

Freitag

Sunday Sonntag

Notes home

Samstag

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January / February 26

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

What are the capitals of these countries? UK, France, Turkey, China, Peru

Montag

Holocaust Memorial Day www.hmd.org.uk

Dienstag

Mittwoch

Donnerstag

Freitag

Notes home School signature:

Sunday Sonntag

Answers: UK=London / France=Paris / Turkey=Ankara / China=Beijing / Peru=Lima

Samstag

Home signature:

02 Monday Montag

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Full Moon

Jan / Feb

Dienstag

Mittwoch

Days in German

Donnerstag

Freitag

Sunday Sonntag

Notes home

Samstag

School signature:

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Nirvana Day: Buddhism

February 09

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

It’s Safer Internet Day on the 10th February. It’s very important to stay safe online. Have a look at page 116 for helpful hints on the internet. www.kidsmart.org.uk

poniedziałek

Safer Internet Day www.saferinternetday.org

wtorek

środa

Birth of Charles Darwin, Shrewsbury, 1809

czwartek

piątek

Sunday niedziela

Notes home

sobota

School signature:

Home signature:

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

poniedziałek

Shrove Tuesday - Christianity

February

wtorek

Ash Wednesday - Christianity

środa

Chinese New Year: Year of the Goat

Days in Polish

czwartek

20 Friday piątek

Saturday sobota

Sunday niedziela

Notes home

School signature:

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February / March 23

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

?? ?

In January 1940, during WW2, food had to be rationed in Britain. Fewer ships carrying food & other necessities into our ports meant that we had to share food equally.

poniedziałek

wtorek

środa

czwartek

piątek

Sunday niedziela

Notes home

sobota

School signature:

Home signature:

St David’s Day - patron saint of Wales

02 Monday

poniedziałek

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Feb / Mar

wtorek

środa

World Book Day www.worldbookday.com Full Moon

Days in Polish

czwartek

Holi – Hinduism

piątek

Sunday niedziela

Notes home

sobota

School signature:

Home signature:

March

Did you know we all have between 1,460 and 2,190 dreams a year? Over the whole of our lives we will spend nearly six years dreaming! Can you remember a dream you had recently?

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Commonwealth Day www.youngcommonwealth.org

dydd Llun

dydd Mawrth

dydd Mercher

dydd lau

dydd Gwener

Sunday dydd Sul

Notes home

dydd Sadwrn

rednoseday.com/schools

School signature:

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Mothering Sunday

WIN BOOKS AND A KINDLE FIRE ON PAGE 102

Monday

Full moon

Tuesday

St Patrickâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Day - patron saint of Ireland

Wednesday

Thursday

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March

dydd Mawrth

dydd Mercher

dydd Gwener

Saturday

Partial solar eclipse in the UK at approx. 0820 March Equinox

World Poetry Day www.un.org

Sunday dydd Sul

Notes home

dydd Sadwrn

Days in Welsh

dydd lau

20 Friday

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March / April 23

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Did you know the deepest lake in the world is Lake Baikal in Siberia. It is 1,637 metres deep at its deepest point! Which countries can these lakes be found in? Lake Superior, Lake Windermere, Lake Lagoda.

dydd Llun

dydd Mawrth

dydd Mercher

dydd lau

dydd Gwener

Notes home School signature:

Sunday dydd Sul

British Summer Time (BST) begins Clocks go forward 1 hour

Answer: Lake Superior, USA / Lake Windermere, England / Lake Lagoda, Russia

dydd Sadwrn

Home signature:

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

dydd Llun

Mar / Apr

dydd Mawrth

April Fools’ Day

dydd Mercher

02 Thursday

International Children’s Book Day www.ibby.org

Friday

Saturday

dydd Gwener

Good Friday – Christianity Bank Holiday Start of Pesach - Judaism

Full Moon

Sunday dydd Sul

Notes home

dydd Sadwrn

Days in Welsh

dydd lau

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Easter Sunday - Christianity

April

World Health Day is on the 7th April every year. It raises awareness of health issues that people face in different parts of the word, such as malaria and climate change www.who.int/campaigns/world-health-day

(Mid-5th to mid-12th century)

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Monday

Easter Monday – Christianity. Bank Holiday

Mōnandæg

Tīwesdæg

Wōdnesdæg

Þunresdæg

Frīgedæg

Sunday

Sunnandæg

Notes home

Sæternesdæg

School signature:

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to mid-12th century)

Monday

Start of Songkran – Buddhism Vaisakhi – Sikhism

Tuesday

Hola Mohalla – Sikhism

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Mōnandæg

April

Tīwesdæg

Days in Old English

Wōdnesdæg

Þunresdæg

Frīgedæg

Sunday

Sunnandæg

Notes home

Sæternesdæg

School signature:

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April / May 20

(Mid-5th to mid-12th century)

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sometimes we need encouragement from our teachers and friends to do our school work. Other times we just get on with it! That’s when we’re motivated. The more motivated we are, the better our school work will be!

Monday Mōnandæg

The official birthday of Queen Elizabeth II, 1926

Tīwesdæg

Wōdnesdæg

Þunresdæg

Birth of William Shakespeare, 1564 St George’s Day - patron saint of England

Frīgedæg

Sunday

Sunnandæg

Notes home

Sæternesdæg

School signature:

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OUT NOW WIN BOOKS AND A KINDLE FIRE ON PAGE 102

to mid-12th century)

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Monday

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Apr / May

Tīwesdæg

Days in Old English

Wōdnesdæg

Þunresdæg

Frīgedæg

02 Saturday

Birthday of Guru Arjan Dev - Sikhism

Sunday

Sunnandæg

Notes home

Sæternesdæg

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May

Can you name the four nations that make up the United Kingdom?? Did you know the first people to live in what is now called the UK were the Picts. That was about 10,000 years ago!

Monday

Bank Holiday Full Moon

Tuesday

Children’s Book Week www.bookweekonline.com

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

lunes

martes

miércoles

jueves

70th anniversary of Victory in Europe (VE) Day, 1945

viernes

Notes home School signature:

Sunday domingo

Answer: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

sábado

Home signature:

102!

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

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May

martes

miĂŠrcoles

Days in Spanish

jueves

International Day of Families www.un.org

viernes

Sunday domingo

Notes home

sĂĄbado

School signature:

Home signature:

May

It’s Walk to School Week. Looking after your health and the environment is extremely important. Can you walk to school?

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Walk to School Week

lunes

martes

miércoles

jueves

viernes

Sunday domingo

Notes home

sábado

School signature:

Home signature:

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Bank Holiday

lunes

May

martes

miĂŠrcoles

Days in Spanish

jueves

viernes

Sunday domingo

Notes home

sĂĄbado

School signature:

Home signature:

June

World Environment Day is on 5th June every year. Recycling and switching off light bulbs are both very effective ways to care for the environment. Can you think of anything else you could do for World Environment Day? www.unep.org/wed

Monday

Wesak Day - Buddhism

Tuesday

Full Moon

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

segunda-feira

terรงa-feira

quarta-feira

quinta-feira

sexta-feira

Sunday domingo

Notes home

sรกbado

School signature:

Home signature:

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

segunda-feira

June

terรงa-feira

Days in Brazilian Portuguese

quarta-feira

quinta-feira

sexta-feira

Sunday domingo

Notes home

sรกbado

School signature:

Home signature:

200 years since the

Field marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington

WELLESLEY was born into

a wealthy Anglo-Irish aristocratic family in Ireland, the third of ﬁve brothers on 1st May 1769.

He showed little promise during his education and late teens but joined the army with a commission in 1787. His ﬁrst proposal to his wife-tobe was rejected because he was considered to be a young man in debt, with very poor prospects. This spurred him on in his new career. He gained considerable military experience during campaigns in the Netherlands, India & Denmark and rose to prominence as a senior commander in the Peninsular War fought in Spain and Portugal against the French from 1808 to 1814. He was created a Duke for his many successes there and was then appointed ambassador to France. In 1815 he successfully led the Anglo-Allied army at Waterloo before becoming Commander-in-Chief of the British Army from 1829. He also entered politics becoming Tory Prime Minister twice, in 1828-30 and 1834, before retiring in 1846. He died in 1852 at the age of 83. Quite a life of achievement for a boy whose mother had once said “I don’t know what I shall do with my awkward son Arthur”

Battle of

Scotland Forever! A painting capturing the famous cavalry charge at Waterloo

June 18th 2015 is the bicentenary of the Battle of Waterloo. Fought near

the village of Waterloo in present day Belgium, this bloody battle brought to a close more than 25 years of

conﬂict throughout Europe, ushering in a half-century of European peace

that in turn established Britain as the world’s dominant economic power.

The French Revolution of 1789 had spread panic throughout Europe’s established order and from the ensuing turmoil one of history’s most enduring and charismatic leaders, Napoleon Bonaparte, rose to power. Napoleon fought a series of major campaigns in Europe as well as planning an invasion of Britain. Despite many great victories - the battles of Marengo, Austerlitz, Friedland & Wagram - and extending the French sphere of influence over much of Europe, he suffered a series of setbacks: a disastrous invasion of Russia followed by the retreat from Moscow in the winter of 1812, losing the Peninsular War of 1807-14 and finally defeat at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813. His initial reign ended with exile to the Mediterranean island of Elba.

By early 1815 Napoleon had escaped and returned to mainland France and started his second reign, known as the ‘Hundred Days’. Immediately declaring him an outlaw, an Allied coalition of Great Britain, Russia, Austria and Prussia resolved to confront him. Napoleon marched north from Paris in an attempt to knock out the coalition forces before they could mobilise. He attempted to drive a wedge between the oncoming British under Wellington and Prussians under von Blücher, defeating the Prussians on June 16th at the Battle of Ligny and engaging the British at Quatre-Bras. Wellington withdrew his forces north to a defensive position of his own choosing on a low ridge eleven miles south of Brussels, whilst the mauled Prussians managed to withdraw eight miles to the east. By nightfall the French had arrived to confront Wellington, both armies seeking shelter from the torrential rain. The French numbered 69,000 including 40,000 infantry, 14,000 cavalry and 7,000 artillery with 250 guns. Importantly, most were veterans from many of Napoleon’s earlier campaigns. The Allied army numbered 67,000 with 50,000 infantry, 11,000 cavalry and 6,000 artillery soldiers with only 150 guns. Only 25,000

Waterloo

of the Royal Scots Greys Cavalry Regiment By Lady Elizabeth Butler

were actually British, the remainder a mixture of Dutch, Belgians and Germans, with very few veterans. The Prussians had a further 48,000 men. As Sunday 18th June dawned Napoleon, although brimming with confidence about the forthcoming battle, decided to delay due to the sodden ground, eventually launching his attack around mid-morning. The battle lasted all day with the advantage swinging to and fro between the French and Allies, whilst death and destruction reigned. Both armies slogged it out with unwavering artillery fire, mass infantry attacks and cavalry charges, gradually eroding each other’s strength. By midafternoon the Prussians managed to reach the battlefield, link-up with the British and attack Napoleon’s exposed right flank, effectively giving advantage to the Allies. At some point in the early evening, after his ‘Old Guard’ failed in their late attack, Napoleon fled the battlefield, shortly followed by the remnants of his routed army. He arrived in Paris to raise new forces, but gained little support, eventually surrendering to the British. He was then exiled to the distant island of St Helena.

Casualties at Waterloo were shockingly high on both sides: Wellington lost 15,000 and Blücher 7,000 dead or wounded, whilst the French lost 25,000 with over 8,000 taken prisoner. A combination of factors delivered the narrow victory for the Allies. Foremost was the unimpeded and timely arrival of Blücher’s Prussians, but the British infantry’s ability to withstand and counter endless French attacks during the day was key. Wellington’s leadership skills, tactical nous and selection of ground for this defensive battle was also a major contribution. Despite this Wellington later commented that Waterloo was “the nearest-run thing you ever saw in your life.” For Napoleon, Waterloo was a battle with many uncharacteristic mistakes. He appeared over-conﬁdent about his chances and was dismissive about the Prussian threat. Unusually, he did not play his normal leadership role in the battle (due to ill-health it is believed) and he has been criticised for poor selection of key commanders, many of whom failed to achieve their objectives. Napoleon’s delay in starting the battle was also blamed as a contributory factor for defeat.

18th June 1815

Napoleon Bonaparte

NAPOLEON

was born into a family of noble Italian ancestry on Corsica on 15th August 1769. He was well educated eventually attending the military academy in Paris. He rose to prominence through the French Revolutionary era, leading successful campaigns against enemies of the revolution, most notably in Italy. With this success came promotion and an irresistible urge to participate further in politics. With post-revolutionary France in turmoil he saw an opportunity to seize power as First Consul in 1799. In 1804 he restarted the hereditary monarchy in France, crowning himself Emperor I and shortly later also as King of Italy. Napoleon led France through many wars, both aggressively expanding France’s empire and defending against the shifting alliances and coalitions dominating Europe at that time. Whilst ultimately responsible for France’s loss of status by 1815, as well as the deaths of many citizens, he is largely considered a genius in the operational art of war and is ranked in history as a great military commander. He was also responsible for establishing the Napoleonic Code, the ﬁrst modern legal code that has inﬂuenced the law of many countries to this day. He died in exile on St Helena on 5th May 1821 but was buried in Paris in 1840.

June

Do you love to learn? It’s great to learn new things every day. Make sure you write everything down so you don’t forget! What have you learned this week?

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

800th anniversary of King John signing the Manga Carta, 1215

segunda-feira

terça-feira

quarta-feira

quinta-feira

Start of Ramadan – Islam The Battle of Waterloo, 1815

sexta-feira

Sunday domingo

Notes home

sábado

School signature:

Home signature:

Summer Solstice (longest day)

22 Monday

segunda-feira

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

June

terรงa-feira

Days in Brazilian Portuguese

quarta-feira

quinta-feira

sexta-feira

Sunday domingo

Notes home

sรกbado

School signature:

Home signature:

Birth of King Henry VIII, Greenwich, 1491

June / July 29

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

The world would be a very boring place if we were all the same! It’s important to value diversity and to treat others as we would want to be treated

segunda-feira

terça-feira

quarta-feira

Full Moon

quinta-feira

sexta-feira

Sunday domingo

Notes home

sábado

School signature:

Home signature:

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

segunda-feira

Jun / Jul

terรงa-feira

Days in Brazilian Portuguese

quarta-feira

quinta-feira

sexta-feira

Sunday domingo

Notes home

sรกbado

School signature:

Home signature:

July

When the school year is nearly over it’s great to think about all that you’ve learned. Write down what you really enjoyed. What do you want to do more of next year?

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Bank Holiday (Northern Ireland). Laylat al-Qadr - Islam

星期一 xīng qī yī (sing-chee-yee)

星期二 xīng qī èr (sing-chee-r)

星期三 xīng qī sān (sing-chee-san)

星期四 xīng qī sì (sing-chee-sur)

Edi al-Fitr – Islam

星期五 xīng qī wu (sing-chee-woo)

Nelson Mandela Day www.un.org

Sunday

星期天 xīng qī tiān (sing-chee-tee-n)

Notes home

星期六 xīng qī liù (sing-chee-leo)

School signature:

Home signature:

20 Monday

星期一 xīng qī yī (sing-chee-yee)

Tuesday

星期二 xīng qī èr (sing-chee-r)

July

22 Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Days in Mandarin

星期三 xīng qī sān (sing-chee-san)

星期四 xīng qī sì (sing-chee-sur)

星期五 xing qī wu (sing-chee-woo)

Sunday

星期天 xīng qī tiān (sing-chee-tee-n)

Notes home

星期六 xīng qī liù (sing-chee-leo)

School signature:

Home signature:

The

Back Pages

education

My Reference Section

GRAMMAR PUNCTUATION MATHS Hi there! This section contains useful study tools to help you with your school work. Use the page numbers here to find the page you need. Enjoy!

CONVERSIONS SOLAR SYSTEM THE HUMAN BODY HISTORY WORLD RELIGIONS INTERNET SAFETY CODES GEOGRAPHY FLAGS

PAGE 104 PAGE 106 PAGE 107 PAGE 110 PAGE 111 PAGE 112 PAGE 114 PAGE 115 PAGE 116 PAGE 117 PAGE 118 PAGE 119

UK MAPS PAGE 120 EUROPE & WORLD MAP PAGE 122 TRAFFIC LIGHT TOOL PAGE 124

Grammar Understanding grammar is the key to improving your writing and speaking skills.

Noun: A naming word. • Common noun = a person, thing or place in general - table, pencil. • Proper noun = the actual name of a person, place or thing - Adam, Sunday, Italy (has a capital letter). • Abstract noun = a concept or idea that can’t be touched – love, anger, kindness.

Pronoun: A pronoun is used in place

of a noun or noun phrase. There are many different types of pronoun:

An adjective describes a noun. • The big ship sailed on blue sea.

Comparative This compares one thing to another. • My brother is taller than me.

Superlative: A superlative de-

scribes the highest degree of a characteristic. It is formed by adding ‘-est’ to the end of an adjective or adverb, or by putting ‘most’ before it.

• Personal pronouns – I, you, he, she, it, we, they

• Today is the coldest day on record.

• Interrogative pronouns – who, whom, whose, which, what…

• That was the most exciting film I have ever seen!

• Possessive pronouns – my, your, his, her, its, our, their… • Indefinite pronouns – all, any, everybody, everything, many, nobody, several…

Verb: Verbs are ‘doing’ and ‘being’

words. These can be active (the action is done by the main person or thing) and passive verbs (when the action is done to the main person or thing). The verb also expresses the tense. • The magician will disappear. (Future tense. Active). • The fish was eaten by the shark. (Past tense. Passive). 104

Adjective

Adverb:

This is a word used to modify (give further information about) an adjective, verb or another adverb. • The very tall runner ran quickly.

Preposition: A preposition tells

you the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence. These are often a position or motion. • A deer ran across the road and into the woods. • The dog was under the table.

Grammar Conjunction:

Compound word:

Conjunctions (also known as connectives) connect phrases to form longer sentences.

A word made of two or more words.

Determiner: A word that goes before a noun to specify which, how much or how many of the noun. It can also be a possessive. • My house is in a village. • He has many friends.

Prefix & Suffix: These are added to the beginning or end of a word to create a new word or to change the meaning. • Prefix = impossible, disappear, illogical • Suffix = powerful, enjoyment, teacher

Synonym: A word with an identical or very similar meaning to another. • Hot / boiling, old / ancient.

Antonym: A word that has an opposite meaning to another. • Always / never, selfish / selfless, push / pull.

Contraction: An abbreviation in which letters are removed from the middle of a word. It can also be an abbreviation of two words in which an apostrophe replaces missing letters. • Mr. (Mister), Dr. (Doctor). • It’s (it + is), they’ve (they + have), shouldn’t (should + not).

Clause: A group of words usually containing a subject & verb. A main clause makes sense on its own. A subordinate clause adds further information but depends on the main clause to make sense.

GRAMMAR

• I bought a ticket and boarded the train.

• Tablespoon, underline

• I travelled the world (Main clause) and met some incredible people (Subordinate clause).

Simile: When a likeness is drawn between one thing & another (usually for effect). • The skyscraper was as tall as a mountain. • The aeroplane glided through the air like an eagle.

Get more help with grammar at: oxforddictionaries.com/grammar 105

Punctuation Punctuation expresses tone and meaning, but a misplaced comma or question mark can be very confusing. So, be careful!

C apital letter

Used at the start of a sentence, proper noun, title or an organisation. • Punctuation is very important. • Sarah is going to London on Tuesday.

Full stop

Used at the end of a sentence, for emphasis and in some abbreviations. • We are happy when the sun shines . • The weather was hot .

Exclamation mark

Used instead of a full stop to show a strong feeling like anger, surprise or shock. • Wow, that’s amazing !

Comma

A comma separates different parts of a sentence. It is used in different ways: • In a list: I had a tasty dinner of chicken, potatoes, carrots & peas. • When quoting speech: “I love to sing”, she said. • To add more information: John, who is tall, always bumps his head.

Parentheses Also known as

brackets. Used when you want to insert an explanation into a sentence. • Paris ( the capital of France ) is famous for the Eiffel Tower.

Quotation marks Used where

words have been written or spoken by someone other than the author. • “ Would you like another slice of cake? ”, she asked.

Colon Colons are used to introduce further information.

Question mark Used instead of

a full stop when the sentence asks a question. • Do you own any pets ?

Apostrophe

Used in place of missing letters or to show ownership of something. • We ’ ll go to the cinema tomorrow. • Ben ’ s house is yellow. 106

• I always give the same advice : treat everyone equally. • To make a cake you will need the following : eggs, butter, flour, sugar & milk.

Hyphen

Hyphens are used between words to show their relationship. • I have a three - year - old brother. • He owns a custom - built bike.

Maths TRIANGLES 60° 90° 60°

60°

Equilateral triangle

Isosceles triangle

Scalene triangle

Right-angled triangle

3 equal sides 3 equal angles of 60°

2 equal sides 2 equal angles

No equal sides No equal angles

One right angle (90°)

QUADRILATERALS

CIRCLES Radius

Square

Rectangle

4 equal sides 4 equal angles

2 pairs of equal sides 4 right angles

Rhombus

Diameter

4 equal sides Opposite sides are parallel Opposite angles are equal

The diameter is the distance across the middle.

Parallelogram 2 equal sides Opposite sides are parallel Opposite angles are equal

POLYGONS

Kite

Trapezium

2 pairs of equal sides No parallel sides

One pair of parallel sides of different lengths

MATHS

Circumference

The circumference is the distance around the circle.

The radius is the distance halfway across (half the diameter).

Polygons are shapes with many sides. Regular polygons have equal angles & equal sides. Irregular polygons have sides of different lengths. Here are some common polygons:

Pentagon

Hexagon

Heptagon

Octagon

5 sides

6 sides

7 sides

8 sides

AREA AND PERIMETER 5cm

4cm

5cm

The perimeter is the distance all the way around the outside of a 2D shape.

The area of a 2D shape is the amount of surface it covers. 6cm

To work our area, multiply the length by the width.

To work out the perimeter, add up the lengths of all the sides.

The area of this rectangle is

6 x 4 = 24 cm2

The area of this shape is 10cm

10cm

5 + 5 + 10 + 10 = 30cm

107

Maths ANGLES Angles are a measure of turn. They are measured in degrees. The sign for degree is °. Follow these simple rules for angles: 90°

360° 180°

One whole turn is 360°

One quarter turn is 90° or a right angle

One half turn is 180° or a straight line.

Types of angles

An angle less than 90° is acute.

An angle between 90° and 180° is obtuse.

An angle greater than 180° is reflex.

Adding up angles The three angles in a triangle always add up to 180°. This is shown in examples A & B. All angles at a point always add up to 360°. This is shown in example C.

60°

c 65°

70°

110°

60°

110°

70°

45°

70°

Using a protractor Angles are measured using a protractor. It gives you a precise measurement.

50 40 14 0 30

110 70

12 60

13 0

170

180

0 10 20 180 170 160

100 80

160 20

108

0 15 30

3. In this example the angle in 35°

100

2. Which number does the angle come between?

0 14

1. Line up the ‘crosshair’ on the angle

110

Maths FRACTIONS

PERCENTAGES

A fraction is a part of a whole, for example 2/5.

Per cent means ‘out of 100’. The sign for per cent is %. For example:

• Equivalent fractions look different but have the same value, e.g. 2/6 and 1/3

40% means 40 out of 100

• Improper fractions have a numerator (top number) higher than the denominator (bottom number), e.g. 7/6

To change a percentage to a decimal, divide by 100. Change 36% to a decimal:

• Mixed fractions contain whole numbers and fractions, e.g. 2 ½

To change a decimal to a percentage, multiply by 100. Change 0.42 to a percentage:

36 ÷ 100 = 0.36

0.42 x 100 = 42%

• When comparing fractions, they need to have the same denominator.

Multiplication Square 0

108

100 110 120

110 121 132

108 120 132 144

MATHS

= Square Numbers

109

Conversions Temperature Chart

Length and Distance 1 kilometre (km) = 1,000 metres (m) = 0.6214 miles

To change Fahrenheit (F) to Celsius (C):

1 m = 100 centimetres (cm) = 39.37 inches (in) 1 cm = 10 millimetres (mm) = 0.3937 in

F – 32 x 5 ÷ 9 = C

1 mile = 1760 yards (yd) = 1.6093 km

To change Celsius (C) to Fahrenheit (F):

1 yd = 3 feet (ft) = 91.44 cm

C x 9 ÷ 5 + 32 = F

1 ft = 12 in = 30.48 cm 1 in = 2.54 cm

1 tonne (t) = 1000 kilograms (kg) = 2,204.62 pounds (lb)

212

100

1 kg = 1,000 grams (g) = 2.2046 lb

203

1 g = 1,000 milligrams (mg) = 0.0353 ounces (oz.)

194

185

176

167

158

1 litre (l) = 100 centilitres (cl) = 1.7598 pints (pt.)

149

1 cl = 10 mililitres (ml) = 0.0175 pt.

140

1 pt. = 20 fluid ounces (fl oz) = 0.5683 l

131

1 tablespoon (tbs) =17.76 ml

122

113

104

Weight 1 stone = 14 lb = 6.3503 kg 1 lb. = 16 oz = 0.4536 kg 1 oz. = 437.5 grains = 28.3495 g

Volume & Capacity 1 gal = 8 pt. = 4.546 l

Velocity Kilometres per hour (kph) x 0.62 = mph Miles per hour (mph) x 1.6093 = kph

Kilo means 1,000… metres, grams etc. Centi means 1/100th … of a litre, metre etc. Milli means 1/1000th … of a litre, metre etc.

24 Hour Clock 00:00 11:00 12 midnight 01:00 11 am 1 am 02:00 10:00 2 am 10 am 09:00 9 am

03:00 3 am

08:00 04:00 8 am 4 am 05:00 07:00 7 am 06:00 5 am 6 am

AM 110

12:00 23:00 12 noon 13:00 11 pm 1 pm 14:00 22:00 2 pm 10 pm 21:00 9 pm

15:00 3 pm

20:00 16:00 8 pm 4 pm 17:00 19:00 7 pm 18:00 5 pm 6 pm

-5

-10

-15

-17.8

Absolute zero 0°K (Kelvin)

-273.15C

Sun

Mercury

Venus

Average temperature: Centre might be as hot as 15 million °C!

Distance from Sun: 58 million km

Did you know? The Sun is a 4.6 billion yr old star. At the end of its life it will shrink to about the size of Earth – a ‘white dwarf’

Average temperature: 167.2°C

Distance from Sun: 108 million km Size: Almost the same as Earth. Average temperature: 463.9°C Did you know? Venus spins in the other direction.

Size: 2½ times Earth. Did you know? A year on Mercury is only 88 days long.

Earth

Mars

Jupiter

Distance from Sun: 150 million km

Distance from Sun: 228 million km

Distance from Sun: 778 million km

Size: 1.3m x smaller than the Sun.

Size: ½ the size of Earth

Size: 1321 x larger than Earth

Average temperature: 16°C

Average temperature: -62.8°C

Average temperature: -107.8°C

Did you know? Less than 1/3 of the Earth is dry land. The rest is covered in water.

Did you know? Mars once had lakes, rivers and an ocean.

Did you know? Jupiter has an ancient storm that was first spotted 350 years ago.

Saturn

Uranus

Neptune

Distance from Sun: 1.4 billion km

Distance from Sun: 2.9 billion km

Distance from Sun: 4.5 billion km

Size: 764 times larger than Earth

Size: 63 times bigger than Earth

Size: 57 times bigger than Earth

Average temperature: -138.9°C

Average temperature: -197.2°C

Average temperature: -201°C

Did you know? Saturn is made from gasses & bits of ice, rock and dust – a ‘gas planet’

Did you know? Uranus has 27 moons!

Did you know? Neptune is the windiest planet.

CONVERSIONS / SOLAR SYSTEM

Solar System

There are eight planets in the Solar System (the Sun is not a planet!). To remember all of them in the right order, just remember:

My Very Excellent Mother Just Served Us Noodles. The first letter of each word stands for a planet! 111

The Human Body Circulatory System & the Skeleton The circulatory system carries blood & nutrients all over your body.

You have a skeleton for movement, protection & support.

Clavicle or collar bone Supports the arms & scapula

Veins

scapula or shoulder blade

These carry blood away from cells & back to the heart

Connects the humerous with the clavicle

Humerus

Arteries These carry blood away from the heart to cells that make up the body

Ribs These make up the rib cage. It protects your heart & lungs

Heart The muscle that pumps blood around the body to wherever it is needed

Lungs Take oxygen from the air for the blood. They also take carbon dioxide out of the blood

Ulna

Radius

Backbone, vertebral column or spine Consists of 24 vertebrae, it protects the spinal cord & supports other parts of the body, like your head & shoulders

Pelvis Links the backbone, the legs & the internal reproductive organs

Capillaries These allow oxygen & food to pass into cells & waste to pass out

Fibula

Tibia

or calf bone

or shinbone

Did you know? Babies are born with over 300 bones. As you grow, some of these fuse together and by adulthood there are 260. 112

The Human Body Digestive System Digestion is when the body breaks down the things we eat and drink so they can be absorbed into the body.

Mouth Teeth and saliva break down food

Pharynx Allows food & liquid into the oesophagus

Oesophagus Transports food to the stomach

Liver Removes toxins from the body, stores nutrients & even keeps you warm

Stomach

Gallbladder Helps to digest fatty foods in the small intestine

Intestines Break food down so that nutrients can be taken into the blood

Pancreas Makes enzymes to break down food in the intestines

Kidneys

THE HUMAN BODY

The stomach breaks down & stores food

Filters the blood & regulates body PH & blood pressure

Eating Well + Exercise = A Healthy Body YOUR BONES & MUSCLES: Your bones are still growing, and this is why a balanced diet is so important. Calcium is very important for making strong bones. You can get calcium in dairy products like milk and yoghurt.

YOUR HEART & LUNGS: The heart is a muscle and is about the size of your fist. It has the job of pumping blood, oxygen (from the lungs) and nutrients to all parts of your body. Too much fatty food and too little exercise are bad for your heart. Keeping fit and eating plenty of fruit and vegetables will keep your lungs and heart strong.

YOUR BRAIN: An adultâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s brain weighs about 1.5kg. Oily fish, vegetables and starchy foods (like pasta or bread) are really good for your brain. Make sure you also get plenty of water, sleep and fresh air. Exercise strengthens your heart and more nutrients and oxygen get to the brain.

113

History Monarchs Norman • William I (1066-1087) • William II (1087-1100) • Henry I (1100-1135) • Stephen (1135-1154)

Plantagenet • Henry II (1154-1189) • Richard I (1189-1199) • John (1199-1216) • Henry III (1216-1272) • Edward I (1272-1307) • Edward II (1307-1327) • Edward III (1327-1377) • Richard II (1377-1399)

Lancastrian • Henry IV (1399-1413) • Henry V (1413-1422) • Henry VI (1422-1461)

York • Edward IV (1461-1483) • Edward V (1483) • Richard III (1483-1485)

Tudor • Henry VII (1485-1509) • Henry VIII (1509-1547) • Edward VI (1547-1553) • Jane Grey (1553) • Mary I (1553-1558) • Elizabeth I (1558-1603)

Stuart

A Verse of English Monarchs

• James I (1603-1625) • Charles I (1625-1649) • Charles II (1660-1685) • James II (1685-1688) • William III (1689-1702) • Mary II (1689-1694) • Anne (1702-1714)

Hanoverian • George I (1714-1727) • George II (1727-1760) • George III (1760-1820) • George IV (1820-1830) • William IV (1830-1837) • Victoria (1837-1901)

Saxe-Coburg-Gotha

Willie, Willie, Harry, Stee, Harry, Dick, John, Harry three; One, two, three Neds, Richard two Harrys four, five, six... then who? Edwards four, five, Dick the bad, Harrys twain VII VIII & Ned the Lad; Mary, Bessie, James the Vain, Charlie, Charlie, James again... William & Mary, Anna Gloria, Four Georges I II III IV, William & Victoria; Edward seven next, & then George the fifth in 1910; Ned the eighth soon abdicated Then George the sixth was coronated; After which Elizabeth And that’s the end until her death.

• Edward VII (1901-1910)

Windsor • George V (1910-1936) • Edward VIII (1936-1936) • George VI (1936-1952) • Elizabeth II (1952-present)

Famous Scottish Monarchs • Kenneth I (843-858) • Macbeth (1040-1057) • Robert the Bruce (1306-29)

Famous Welsh Monarchs • Hywel Dda (942-950) • Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (1055-1063) • Llywelyn ap Gruffydd (1258-1282)

Key Dates in British History • Roman Conquest 43AD-409AD • Anglo Saxon Settlement 5th-6th C • Viking Invasions 8th-11th C • Norman Invasion 1066 • Domesday book completed 1086 • Magna Carta 1215 • Black Death 1348 • Peasant’s Revolt 1381 • The Reformation 1529-1547 • Dissolution of the monasteries / Act of Supremacy 1534 • Spanish Armada 1588 • English Civil War 1642-46 • Execution of Charles 1 1649 • The Restoration 1660 • British Empire late 16th C to mid-20th C • Great Plague 1665 • Great Fire of London 1666

114

• Battle of Blenheim 1704 • Act of Union with Scotland 1707 • Industrial Revolution 18th/19th C • American Independence 1783 • Union of England, Scotland, Wales & Ireland 1801 • Battle of Trafalgar 1805 • Battle of Waterloo 1815 • Tolpuddle Martyrs 1834 • World War 1 1914-1918 • Women given the vote 1918 • World War 2 1939-1945 • Beveridge Report - Foundation of the Welfare State 1942 • Indian independence 1947 • NHS created 1948 • Britain joined the European Economic Community (EEC) 1973

World Religions Christianity

Islam

• Began 2,000 years ago in Palestine. • 2 billion followers. • Branches include Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox & Anglican. • Place of worship: Church. • Texts: Holy Bible. • Beliefs: Jesus Christ, God, the Trinity, Heaven, baptism, sin. • Key events: Christmas Day marks the birth of Jesus Christ. Good Friday & Easter Sunday mark the death & resurrection of Jesus.

• Began 1,500 years ago in Saudi Arabia. • 1.6 billion followers, mostly in Indonesia & Middle East. • Branches include Sunni & Shi’a. • Place of worship: Mosque. • Texts: The Qur’an, Hadith & Sunnah. • Beliefs: Allah, Muhammad, the Prophets, Five Pillars, afterlife. • Key events: The fast of Ramadan commemorates the month that Allah revealed the Qur’an to Muhammad. When Ramadan is over, Allah is thanked during Eid al-Fitr. Eid al-Adha commemorates the Prophet Ibrahim.

www.bbc.co.uk/schools/religion/christianity

www.bbc.co.uk/schools/religion/islam

Judaism • Began 4,000 years ago in the Middle East. • 13 million followers, mostly in Israel & the USA. • Branches include Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, Liberal. • Place of worship: Synagogue. • Texts: Torah, Tanakh. • Beliefs: God, Abraham, Moses, Ten Commandments, community, family. • Key events: Rosh Hashanah is Jewish New Year & the Day of Judgement. During Yom Kippur, Jews fast & ask for forgiveness. www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ religion/judaism

Sikhism • Founded in 1499 in Punjab, India. • 27 million followers, most of them from India. • Place of worship: Gurdwara. • Texts: Guru Granth Sahib. • Beliefs: Ik Onkar, teachings of the Gurus, honesty, charity, equality, reincarnation, karma, mukti. • Key events: Vaisakhi celebrates the birth of Sikhism in 1699. Guru Nanak’s birthday is a celebration of his influence. www.bbc.co.uk/schools/religion/ sikhism

Buddhism

• Began 5,000 years ago in Pakistan. • 900 million followers, mostly in India and Nepal. • Branches include Vaishnavites & Shaivites. • Place of worship: Mandir. • Texts: Vedas, Samhitas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Ramayana. • Beliefs: Brahman (God), Brahma, Vishnu & Shiva. • Key events: Diwali is about the victory of light over darkness. Holi, the festival of colours, marks the beginning of spring. Navratri celebrates the triumph of good over evil. The goddess Durga is worshipped.

• Began 2,500 years ago in Nepal. • 370 million followers, mostly in Asia. • Branches include Theravada, Mahayana & Lamaism. • Place of worship: Temple. • Texts: Dhammapada, Tipitaka, Mahayana Sutras, Vajrayana, Bardo Thodol. • Beliefs: Buddha, reincarnation, nirvana, meditation, Noble Truths. • Key events: Nirvana Day commemorates the death of the Buddha. Buddhists reflect on life. Songkran is New Year in Thailand. Water is thrown as a blessing. Wesak Day Celebrates the birth of the Buddha.

www.bbc.co.uk/schools/religion/hinduism

www.bbc.co.uk/schools/religion/buddhism

Hinduism

HISTORY / WORLD RELIGIONS

Billions of people around the World follow a religion. How much do you know about the different faiths? Here we explore the 6 most popular.

115

Internet Safety The internet is undoubtedly an incredible invention but there are dangers to watch out for. When surfing the net on your mobile, laptop or tablet, follow these golden rules to keep safe.

If you want to know more, there’s plenty of help out there! www.thinkuknow.co.uk www.digizen.org

Protecting your Gadgets

Protecting Yourself

• Never download an email attachment from an unknown person.

• Keep your address, email and phone number to yourself. Only close friends and family need to know these.

• Make sure you have anti-virus software before downloading anything.

• Think first! Embarrassing or revealing social media profile photos can be seen by anyone. If you post on a forum or have a blog, are you happy for anyone to read it? • If someone contacts you or wants to be ‘friends’, ask yourself ‘how well do I know this person?’ before responding. • It’s a good idea to avoid using your full name. To be extra-safe, choose another name altogether. • Keep your password to yourself and choose one that isn’t obvious. Lock phones with a PIN code and log out of any accounts. • Are you old enough? Some websites have a minimum age (13 on Facebook). If you’re younger they could be unsuitable. • When using a search engine, switch on the safer search filter. Choose words carefully so you don’t see anything offensive.

• Downloading music and films illegally can also result in a virus. • Phones can get a virus too, so be careful of the websites you choose to visit.

Bullies and Tricksters • Never meet up with someone you met online. They may seem nice in the virtual world, but the reality could be different. • Ignore strangers who contact you claiming to be in trouble or in need of money. • Ignore people who ask for private information like bank details. A real bank would never ask you to give this information over the phone or by email. • The internet is not the real world. If someone becomes aggressive, don’t get involved! • If you’re bullied, save any messages and tell someone you trust. • Many websites have their own advice on what to do if you feel threatened.

If you’re being bullied or are worried about a friend, Beat Bullying and ChildLine are great sources of advice. You can even create an account and talk to a mentor or counsellor. www.beatbullying.org 116

www.childline.org.uk

Finger Spelling

Learning to finger spell is a great way to start learning British Sign Language.

Morse Code

INTERNET SAFETY / CODES

Learn the British Sign Language alphabet!

Morse code is a way of sending messages one letter or number at a time by using long & short signals – ‘dahs’ & ‘dits’. These are written as dots & dashes. Why not have a go at sending a message to a friend. You can write the dots & dashes down or use a torch to make signals.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

117

Geography Maps A map is a drawing or picture in 2D of an area of a country which shows you where things are – like towns, rivers and roads. Maps are useful for finding out where something is, planning a route, finding out a distance between two or more points and understanding how land is used.

Symbols Maps use symbols, which are labels for what things are. The explanation for what a symbol means is found in the key, often at the side or bottom of a map. Here are some common symbols:

Sch P

= Church with a tower = Sch/School = Parking

Grid References Some maps are covered in grid lines – both vertical lines (called Eastings) and horizontal lines (called Northings). The grid lines will be numbered on the map allowing you to pinpoint a location by giving a unique number code that is called a grid reference. A four-figure grid reference identifies a square on the map. If you wish to give pin-point accuracy a ‘grid square’ can be sub-divided into 100 smaller squares – 10 along each side – to give a 6 figure grid reference.

The Compass A compass is a navigational tool used to give direction. It contains a magnetic needle that aligns itself with North (Magnetic North). There are four cardinal points on a compass – North, South, East & West. Below is a compass rose with 16 points marked on it.

Can you identify the following symbols:

Most compasses also use the 360-degree system with 0/360 pointing north – see below.

Scale Maps are drawn to a scale, such as 1:25,000. This this means that for every 1 cm on the map it represents 25,000 cm on the ground. The scale of the World map on page 123 is very small – 1 cm to 2,000 km or 1:200,000,000 (two hundred million cm)! What is the scale of the UK map on page 120?

Contours Height and shape of the ground is shown on some maps by contour lines - a contour line is a line drawn between points of equal height above sea level,a with a set interval between the contours, often 5 metres. 118

N NNW

NNE

NE ENE

WNW

E WSW

ESE

SE SSW

SSE

Below are the flags of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK), the European Union (EU), the 27 other EU states and the 8 largest nations of the world.

Union Jack

Wales

England

Scotland

Sweden

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Russia

Canada

China

USA

Brazil

Australia

India

Argentina

GEOGRAPHY / FLAGS

Flags

119

United Kingdom and Ireland

120

Counties The Counties and Unitary Authorities of the United Kingdom

SHET LAND ISLANDS

SCOTLAND 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

OR KNEY ISLANDS

INVERCLYDE WEST DUNBARTONSHIRE RENFREWSHIRE EAST RENFREWSHIRE GLASGOW CITY EAST DUNBARTONSHIRE NORTH LANARKSHIRE FALKIRK WEST LOTHIAN CITY OF EDINBURGH CLACKMANNANSHIRE DUNDEE CITY ABERDEEN CITY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

A L

ENGLAND

SCOTLAND AND KINROSS

A S. L

17 18

NORTHERN IRELAND

ER L RT

LANCASHIRE 31

CONWY

SH R

BIRMINGHAM

NORTHANTS.

WORCESTERWARWICKSHIRE SHIRE HEREFORDSHIRE

HAMPSHIRE WEST SUSSEX

5 D E V O N

CAMBRIDGESHIRE

DORSET

6 3 4

SUFFOLK

BEDFORD22 SHIRE

21 MONGLOUCESTERBUCKS. HERTFORDMOUTHSHIRE SHIRE OXFORD5 6 SHIRE SHIRE 2 4 8 7 GREATER 20 11 9 19 3 LONDON W. BERK- 15 12 10 14 13 18 SHIRE 11 17 16 WILTSHIRE SURREY SOMER SET

L L

NORFOLK

E N G L A N D

CARMARTHENSHIRE

G DI

SOUTH YORKSHIRE

EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE 34 N CS . LI N. EAST LINCS

FLINTLINCOLNSHIRE DERBYSHIRE CHESHIRE SHIRE DENNOTTS. BIGHM 27 A 25 SHIRE EX H 24 R W STAFFORDLEICESTERSHIRE SHIRE 26 23 RUTLAND P

WALES R CE

WEST YORKSHIRE

GREATER MANCHESTER 29 30 28

ISLE OF ANGLESEY

36 38 37 35

S E A

E OK BR IR E SH

N O R T H Y O R K S H I R E

SWANSEA NEATH & PORT TALBOT BRIDGEND RHONDDA CYNON TAFF MERTHYR TYDFIL BLAENAU GWENT TORFAEN CAERPHILLY NEWPORT CARDIFF THE VALE OF GLAMORGAN

C U M B R I A

I R I S H

WALES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

AY R

UNITED KINGDOM

FERMANAGH OMAGH STRABANE DERRY LIMAVADY MAGHERAFELT COOKSTOWN DUNGANNON ARMAGH COLERAINE BALLYMONEY MOYLE BALLYMENA ANTRIM LISBURN CRAIGAVON BANBRIDGE NEWRY AND MOURNE DOWN ARDS NORTH DOWN CASTLEREAGH BELFAST NEWTOWNABBEY CARRICKFERGUS LARNE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

DURHAM

16 9

14 24 2521 23 22 20 15

N. IRELAND

DUMFRIES A N D G A L LO WAY

IR E

E A

AN D

12 5

THE BORDERS

EAST AYRSHIRE

N. AYRSHIRE

EAST LOTHIAN MIDLOTHIAN

6 5 4

N O R T H

N 2 1

FYFE G

B U T E

A N D

ANG US

P E RT H

A R G Y L L

PLYMOUTH TORBAY POOLE BOURNEMOUTH SOUTHAMPTON PORTSMOUTH BRIGHTON & HOVE MEDWAY THURROCK SOUTHEND-ON-SEA SLOUGH WINDSOR & MAIDENHEAD BRACKNELL FOREST WOKINGHAM READING BATH & NORTH EAST SOMERSET NORTH SOMERSET CITY OF BRISTOL SOUTH GLOUCESTERSHIRE SWINDON LUTON MILTON KEYNES LEICESTER DERBY NOTTINGHAM TELFORD & WREKIN STOKE-ON-TRENT HALTON MERSEYSIDE WARRINGTON BLACKBURN & DARWIN BLACKPOOL YORK KINGSTON UPON HULL REDCAR & CLEVELAND HARTLEPOOL MIDDLESBROUGH STOCKTON-ON-TEES DARLINGTON TYNE AND WEAR

E S S E X 10

8 K

N T

EAST SUSSEX 7

ISLE OF WIGHT

E n

l i

a n

n e

121

122

Béchar

El Goléa

Bordj Omar Driss

Ghadamis

Tripoli

a 20ºE

Ajdabiya

Benghazi

Al Bayda Misratah Gulf of Sirte Sirte

Athens

e Tobruk

Crete

30ºE

Rhodes

El Giza

Sivas

Sinai

Aqaba

rat

Kirkuk

Mosul

Van

5123

An Nafud

Najaf

Baghdad

IRAQ

Al Jawf

40ºE Damascus

JORDAN

Jerusalem Suez

Cairo

SYRIA

Malatya

Aleppo

Amman

ARMENIA

Tbilisi

GEORGIA

Erzurum Yerevan Ararat

Gaziantep

LEBANON Homs

Latakia

Beirut ISRAEL Tel Aviv

Nicosia CYPRUS

Adana

Kayseri

T U R K E Y Konya

Alexandria

Siwa

Sea Iráklion

Peloponnese Aegean

Izmir

Ankara

Batumi

l b

Esfahan

5671

Abadan

Ahvaz

KUWAIT

Basra

I R A N

Bakhtaran (Kermanshah)

Qom

u r z Tehran

Ardabil L. Urmia E Rasht

Tabriz

AZER.

AZERBAIJAN

Baku

Makhachkala

Aktau

Atyrau

Ural’sk

Sidi Ifni

10ºE

Valletta MALTA

GREECE

Bursa

Samsun Pon ti ne Mt s.

ris

Zagora

Ghardaia Ouargla

Sfax

TUNISIA

Tunis

Ionian Sea Patras

Réggio di Calabria Sicily

Thessaloniki

Istanbul

Varna

Ka m a

hora

Samara

Tolyatti

J. Toubkal 4165

0º

Etna 3340

Corfu

Taranto

MACEDONIA ALBANIA

Sofia

BULGARIA

Elbrus

C a u 5642 Grozny casu Sochi s M ts. Sukhumi

Novorossiysk

Bl a ck S e a

Astrakhan

Engels

Saratov

Syzran

Kazan

Yoshkar Ola

Ulyanovsk

Pec

Kirov (Vyatka)

Syktyvkar

s Atla

Djelfa Biskra Touggourt

Sea

Palermo Messina

NEGRO

Skopje F.Y.R. Tirana

Constanîa

Krasnodar Stavropol

Rostov-on-Don

n ai

Fès Oujda

MOROCCO

2326

Bari

Adriatic Sea

ube

Simferopol

Odessa

Sea of Azov

Volgograd

50ºN

Ti g

Marrakesh

Rabat Casablanca

A LG ER I A

Cagliari Tyrrhenian

Constantine

Naples

Dan

Donetsk

Tambov Voronezh

Penza

a r

Lanzarote

Balearic Is.

Sardinia

Rome

Craiova

Bucharest

Galati

Khar’kov

Kherson Mariupol

Krivoy Rog

MOLDOVA Iasi Chisinau

ROMANIA

Sumy

Kursk

Orel

Tula

Nizhniy Novgorod

60ºN

. Dv i

Z g

Essaouira Agadir

Alicante

Algiers Málaga Gibraltar (U.K.) Tangier Melilla (Sp.) Oran

Seville Cadiz

e. N Sr 3482

Cordoba evada

Valencia

Arad

Belgrade

Kiev

Bryansk

Smolenk

Yaroslavl Ivanovo

Moscow

Rzhev

Vologda

Sev

Severodvinsk

Arkhangel’sk

R U S S VIol A

Onega L.

U K R A I ND E Dnepropetrovsk

Zhitomir

Homyel

BELARUS

Minsk

Orsha

Vitebsk

Pskov

Peipus L.

Novgorod

St. Petersburg

Ladoga L.

Petrozavodsk

Karelia

White Sea

S e a

Safi

Madrid

S P AI N

T a g u s Toledo

Corsica

Zagreb

Pécs

HUNGARY

Carpat hian s

Miskolo

Budapest

Bratislava

Lvov

Brest

Vilnius

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

Riga

Tallinn

ESTONIA

Helsinki d of Finlan

Tampere

Kuopio

30ºE

a n p i

Coimbra

r e n e eANDORRA s Barcelona

Zaragoza

Venice Rijeka

Ljubljana

SLOVENIA

AUSTRIA

Linz

Brno

Vienna

CZECH REP.

Kraków

Lublin

SLOVAKIA

e r Lódz

Prague

Warsaw

POLAND

Poznan

Turku

G. of Riga

BOSNIA CROATIA Sarajevo SERBIA SAN Pristina & HERZ. MARINO Split Pisa Florence MONTE- KOSOVO

4808 Milan Lyon Turin Avignon Genoa Marseille Nice MONACO

Limoges

Bordeaux

Berne

SWITZ.

LIECH.

Munich

Stuttgart

Klaipeda

Oulu

FINLAND

40ºN Lisbon

Dijon

ParisStrasbourg

F R A N CE Geneva

San Sebastián

oire

t al

Gotland

Stockholm

Västerås

Åland

Sundsvall

hn ot

Luleå

Valladolid Dour

Bilbao Gijón

Bay of Biscay

La Rochelle

Nantes

Le Mans

nel

Le Havre

Chan English

Brest Lorient

Plymouth

Dresden

Rostock

20ºE

Kaliningrad RUSSIA Gdansk

Copenhagen

Berlin

E lb e

Kiel

Vanern Norrköping Gothenburg

GERMANY

Amsterdam

Bremen

Hamburg

Cologne

DENMARK

rra

Oslo

Bonn Frankfurt BELGIUM Nuremberg Reims LUX.

Brussels

Ska

Esbjerg

NETHERLANDS

The Hague

Birmingham London

Leeds Manchester

Southampton

Cardiff

Liverpool

North S ea

Kristiansand

Stavanger

Bergen

Åndalsnes

Östersund

Bodø

Oporto

La Coruña Vigo

50ºN

Edinburgh

UNITED Newcastle Belfast KINGDOM

Glasgow

Aberdeen

Orkney Is.

Shetland Is.

Candidate country

10ºE

own currency

EU Member States

Eurozone

Inverness Dundee

REPUBLIC Limerick OF IRELAND Cork

Dublin

Londonderry

Outer Hebrides

Bulgarian lev

Polish złoty

Lithuanian litas

Latvian lats

Faroe Is. Romanian leu (Denmark)

Tórshavn Hungarian forint

Czech koruna

Danish/Swedish krone

Pound sterling

0º

N O e

Euro

R W

N E

E D

S W

Gu lf o fB Se a

Sea

U ra l

PORTUGAL

R hin

Europe s.

World

123

No! Non

Ferma

French

停止 Dur Turkish

Italian

Não

Nein

Chinese

German

Portugese

Nee Dutch

Nej

Danish

Stanna Swedish

Ní

Irish

Opri Megáll Romanian

Hungarian

Không Cha Vietnamese

Scottish Gaelic

Hakuna Swahili

Nada Spanish

Ókhi Greek

The traﬃc light card system is designed to gauge how well you understood a topic in your lesson, or as a way of voicing your opinion.

The RED card means: I did not understand • I vote NO 124

Maybe!

Labda Belki Swahili

Talán

Turkish

Misschien Dutch

Hungarian

Kanske Swedish

Poate Romanian

Peut-Être French

Talvez B’fhéidir Portuguese Irish Gaelic

‘S Dòcha Scottish Gaelic

Efallai Welsh

Quizá Spanish

Vielleicht German

Forse Italian

The traﬃc light card system is designed to gauge how well you understood a topic in your lesson, or as a way of voicing your opinion.

The ORANGE card means: I am partially conﬁdent that I understand • I’m not sure

125

Yes! Begynde Danish

Andare Vâng Italian

Vietnamese

Comenzar Spanish

Tá Evet Kwenda Ie

Welsh

Irish Gaelic

Swahili

Turkish

Du-Te

Gå

Swedish

Gehen Gaan Sim Igen Romanian

Tak Polish

German

Dutch

Portuguese

Oui

Hungarian

Rach French

Scottish Gaelic

The traﬃc light card system is designed to gauge how well you understood a topic in your lesson, or as a way of voicing your opinion.

126

The GREEN card means: I am conﬁdent that I understand • I vote YES

NOTES

Notes

127

Notes

128 128

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