Phrases and Clauses

PHRASES and CLAUSES

Phrases – groups of words that function as a part of speech.

Noun Phrase: A group of words consisting of nouns or pronouns and their modifiers that function as a noun. All the teammates wanted to go to the park to practice. Verb Phrase: A group of words consisting of verbs working together and that function as a verb. L and Light’s dad would be working on how to catch the second Kira. Prepositional Phrase: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and functions as an adjective or an adverb. Roshi is under treatment for cancer. Appositive Phrase: A group of words that include all the words that modify an appositive and function as an adjective - IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BY COMMAS. Coach Ukai, the new volleyball coach, tried his hardest to get the team in form for the next game.

Verbal Phrases: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun. ● Gerund Phrase verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun. PLaying on his video game, King finally defeated the boss level. ● Participial Phrase word ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed (past participle) that functions as an adjective. Morgan quickly climbed up the gate and got in the abandoned ranch ● Infinitive Phrase verb preceded by the word “to” (to read, to study, to write) that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Light and his successor felt it was time to give up

CLAUSES

Clauses – groups of words with BOTH a subject and a verb that function as parts of speech. There are TWO kinds: Independent and Dependent (called “Subordinate”)

INDEPENDENT – CAN stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern. Pokemon trainers are required to captured a pokemon when they are 10.

DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) – CANNOT stand alone as a complete sentence

and MUST begin with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION. There are seven (7) kinds:

Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive. ○ However, his past happened to be firmly forged kakashi. ○ Gently answer whoever knocks the door. ○ That L was surprised was an understatement. ○ Takemichi wisely checked what he left behind. Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause. Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word: ○ Welcome to Tokyo Metropolitan Advanced Nurturing High School where students with a superior intellect and excel at extracurricular activities.(:where” is an introductory word) ○ There is only one person that was on Light’s side the entire time. ○ The desire that a person wants slowly turns into obsession. Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns: ■ The person who got the most votes is the one who receives the punishment. (ONE is the antecedent of WHO and is modified by the adjective clause.) ■ Students whose class is PE suffer from the teacher’s abuse.(TEACHER is the antecedent of whose and is modified by the adjective clause.) ■ The Rasengan was the signature Jutsu that Naruto uses throughout the whole series ■ King, is that the game you want to play? (that is the direct object of want) ■ L is the person whoms hangs out with light sometimes. (whom is the direct object of challenged.) ■ The person which you refer to as Toko is no longer here.(which is the object of the preposition to.) ■ Aoi is an ultimate athlete who is able to get along with everyone. (who is the subject of shrugs.) Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced by a subordinate conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession. Modifying verbs: ■ Unfortunately, they built the academy where a few could enter it. (place)