Parts of speech

PARTS OF SPEECH

NOUNS

Types of nouns:

· Common Nouns: name a class of people, places, things, or ideas. Ninjas, hospital, storage, demons · Proper Nouns: give the name or title of a particular person, place,

thing, or idea (must be capitalized).

Japan, Karasuno high school, Henry T. Gage Middle School · Compound Nouns: consist of words used together to form a single

noun.

Laptop, skyscraper, sunflower, leadership · Concrete Nouns: refer to material things, to people, or to places. Board, uniform, table · Abstract Nouns: name ideas, qualities, concepts, emotions, or attitudes. Courage, fear, stupidity

Functions (How nouns are used):

· Subject (comes before the verb) Gojo yelled at Megumi that he has the potential

· Direct Object (comes after the verb and answers what or whom) Genos begged Saitama to buy the hero organization

· Indirect Object (answers to who or to whom) Takemichi tried stealing the postcard off Mike’s hands

PRONOUNS

Pronouns take the place of nouns that have been established.

Personal:

Nominative (subjects) Objective (objects)

I/we me/us you/you you/you

He, she, it, one/they him, her, it, one/them

Possessive

My, mine

our, ours Your, yours your, yours His, her, hers, its, one’s their, theirs

Relative:

Nominative who

That Objective whom that those/ this Possessive whose of that

Interrogative:

who, which, what, whatever, whoever

Reflexive: (personal pronouns plus the suffix –self or –selves)

Used only: when the action verb is directed toward the subject of the construction: He punishes himself for not finishing his workout routine. He bought himself a pair of dumbbells to work harder than ever.

to intensify a point:

Saitama himself thought the enemy was too weak. Even though the enemy was at full power”I can beat him myself but Genos can take her”

Demonstrative:

this, these that, those

Indefinite:

all, another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, few, many, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, somebody, someone, such.

VERBS

Verbs show the time, action, and state of being of a subject.

Tense: verbs indicate time via tenses:

simple past past past perfect past progressive simple present present present perfect present progressive

present perfect progressive future future perfect

Types: There are at least eleven (11) types of verbs: auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) linking verbs (verbs that do not describe action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other parts of the sentence – usually the predicate) lexical verbs (main verbs) dynamic verbs (indicate action) stative verbs (describe a condition) finitive verbs (indicate tense) nonfinitive verbs (infinitives or participles) regular verbs (weak verbs) irregular verbs (strong verbs) transitive verbs (verbs followed by a direct object) intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take direct objects)

Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The English language has two voices: ACTIVE and PASSIVE. Active: Saitama was able to pick up the car. (Saitama is the subject) Passive: The car was picked up by Saitama. (Saitama is the subject but is treated as the object)

Verbals: (VERB FORMS NOT USED AS VERBS)

Gerund: word ending in “ing” used as a noun. · L was stressing researching and trying to figure out more about the second kira. Participle: word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as an adjective · The swimming pool is used for the P.E. classes and other activities. · The students inserted themselves into a line in the pool before and after every game. Infinitive: verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs

· Yams likes to eat food.

ADJECTIVES

Adjectives modify, describe, limit, and identify nouns and pronouns. · Kinds: Demonstrative, Common, Proper Demonstrative: These ninjas were far more advanced than we thought.

Common: It was a big demon that Izuku had to face in the town. Proper: Izuku and Zenitsu both admired the Korean hero.

ADVERBS

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. · Endings (Izuku swiftly swings his katana towards the demon and his friends) –ly, -wards, -wise · Conversions (Intellectually, messy, dreadfully) · Types: Manner, frequency, degree, place, time

Example Types: (Create one example each related to your subject) Manner – Touka when running to class, quickly hurries to her set, ignoring her friends. Time – Hinata ran to the bathroom earlier than usual. Place – Takemichi was here today Degree – Hinata and her friend’s quick attacks were praised by the people. Frequency – Coach watched the students practice for the next tournament.

CONJUNCTIONS

Coordinating (FANBOYS): for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Correlative: Either/or; neither/nor; not only/but also; both/and; whether/or; as/so

Subordinate: after, though as, as if, as long as, as thought, because, before, if, in order that, provided that, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while

Relative pronouns: who (refers to people), which (refers to nonliving object or animals), that (may refer to animals or nonliving objects)

PREPOSITIONS

Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence. Prepositions are NEVER followed by verbs. There are one-word prepositions and complex prepositions. These are some common one-word prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except excluding for, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in

addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding, of, off, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without.

INTERJECTIONS

Interjections are the final part of speech. Find and copy/paste an alphabetical list of interjections here.

A aha, ahem, ahh, ahoy, alas, arg, aw

B bam, bingo, blah, boo, bravo, brrr

C cheers, congratulations

D dang, drat, darn, duh

E eek, eh, encore, eureka

F fiddlesticks

G gadzooks, gee, gee whiz, golly, goodbye, goodness, good grief, gosh

H ha-ha, hallelujah, hello, hey, hmm, holy buckets, holy cow, holy smokes, hot dog, huh, humph, hurray

O oh, oh dear, oh my, oh well, oops, ouch, ow

P phew, phooey, pooh, pow

R rats

S shh, shoo

T thanks, there, tut-tut

U uh-huh, uh-oh, ugh

W wahoo, well, whoa, whoops, wow

Y yeah, yes, yikes, yippee, yo, yuck

Addition

Comparison

Contrast Transitions of Logic Chart

Milder

a further and and then then also too next another other nor further furthermore moreover in addition additionally besides again equally important first, second finally, last

just as ... so too a similar another... like similarly comparable in the same way likewise

but yet and yet still otherwise or though but another rather however still nevertheless on the other hand on the contrary even so notwithstanding for all that in contrast alternatively at the same time though this may be

Stronger

Time

Purpose

Place

then now soon afterward later shortly earlier recently first, second, third next before after today tomorrow meanwhile at length presently at last finally immediately thereafter at that time subsequently eventually currently in the meantime in the past in the future

to do this so that to this end with this object for this purpose for that reason because of this in order to

there here beyond nearby next to at that point opposite to adjacent to on the other side in the front in the back

otherwise instead nonetheless conversely

Result

Example

Summary and Emphasis

so and so then hence therefore accordingly consequently thus thereupon as a result in consequence

that is specifically in particular for one thing for example for instance an instance of this this can be seen in

in sum generally after all by the way in general incidentally naturally I hope at least it seems in brief I suppose in short on the whole as I said in other words to be sure in fact indeed clearly of course anyway remarkably I think assuredly definitely without doubt for all that on the whole in any event importantly certainly