FASHION BOOK OF WRITING BY KARLA TORRES
PN / OTR Collective
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE AUTHOR DEDICATION SECTION 1; PUNCTUATION & CAPITALIZATION SECTION 2; PARTS OF SPEECH SECTION 3; PHRASES & CLAUSES SECTION 4; SENTENCES SECTION 5; PARAGRAPHS SECTION 6; ESSAYS
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INTRODUCTION As a child of immigrant parents, I did not grow up knowing English until I went to school. This caused me to struggle with things that other kids didn't. One of those things was writing and grammar. Having trouble with this made me push myself to do better and understand better. It has led to where my writing is today and I couldn't be happier of my accomplishments. I wrote this book to help individuals like me and so many others in writing. I know writing may be a struggle for many of us, so hopefully, this book will help be a guide. It can be used for any time when you’re not sure of how to structure your writing or need some assistance. I choose to write about fashion because I have a passion for fashion. Since the age of 5, I’ve always liked picking clothes and creating outfits together from things I see or imagine. Clothes are a big part of my life and it influences my self-confidence. For me, fashion is a form of expression, and being able to express myself through the clothing I wear feels liberating. I thought writing about fashion would be a great way to combine my love for fashion into writing.
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OTR Collective / PN
ABOUT THE AUTHOR Who am I? I am someone who has to rely on others for information as my parents weren't born in America. I am the oldest sibling who carries and has to be the role model. I am someone who likes trying new things, experiences, hobbies, and sports. In the past, I've played the violin, joined the swim team, did hip hop, gymnastics, cheer, and so much more. I am someone who is very adventurous. I've gone to many places here in California, trying to see everything in the state I was born and raised. I am someone who is very honest and likes giving people a chance to be themselves. I am also someone who is very observant and likes to focus on details. I learned to write when I was in kindergarten, starting with the basics like my name, colors, and simple phrases. At the time, I didn't know English well as my parents have only taught me Spanish. So naturally, I struggled a little more than other kids but eventually got the hang of it. As the years went on, I started to learn how to do basic grammar, form complex sentences, and expand my vocabulary. By the time I reached the 4th grade, I was able to write 5 paragraph reports and learn how to create my own stories. My writing has evolved tremendously from kindergarten with no prior knowledge to 4th grade. From 4th grade to now, my writing has always been evolving. I've been learning how to improve my own writing with the help of teachers and peers. Some of the things that I've been taught along the way are how to improve my essay format, develop a strong analysis, the importance of citing, and proper punctuation. I will continue to learn and use that knowledge in my writing.
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DEDICATION I dedicate this to all my fashion lovers <3
SECTION 1 PUNCTUATIONS AND CAPITILIZATION
PUNCTUATION . A period is used to mark the end of a sentence or abbreviation. Marilyn Monroe lit up the red carpet with her elegant silk dresses and white fur shawls. , A comma is used to indicate a separation of words, ideas, and adds pauses. Lauren Bacall transformed silk blouses, blazers, pencil skirts, and trousers into a glamorous style. - An en dash can be used to present dates, numbers, time, or emphasis of something. Paris Fashion week occurs around February 25- March 5. - A hyphen is used to form a compound word. Hollywood glamour became a worldwide sensation during the 1930s to 1950s.
: A colon is used to introduce a list of items, definitions, answers, and etc. In order to have a good wardrobe, you must have some essential everyday pieces: denim jeans, layerable tees, statement pieces, and simple jewelry.
; A semicolon is used between 2 independent clauses when the conjunction is not present. The 1920s was a revolutionary time for women´s fashion; Women began to wear shorter low-waisted dresses, cloche hats, and revealing styles.
? A question mark is placed at the end of a direct question. Do you love high fashion brands?
! An exclamation mark is placed at the end of short phrase or sentence that expresses a strong feeling. I love the 50s and 70s style dresses!
‘ An single quotation mark is used in place of double quotation marks. Such in titles of songs, short stories, movies, etc. ¨ I love the movie, ´Breakfast at Tiffany´s´,¨ she said.
“ ” Quotation marks present the exact language that has come from someone else. Coco Chanel has once said, ¨Lace is one of the most wonderful imitations of nature, but pearls are perfect for every occasion¨.
… An ellipsis demonstrates a pause or an unfinished thought. Im not sure…I think heels are better suited for this attire.
[ ] A bracket provides clarification. She [Diana Ross] gave a new light to the term ¨diva¨ by blurring the lines of costume and everyday wear.
( ) A parenthesis is used to provide more information. Twiggy (also known as Dame Lesley Dawson) is one of the most well known models for trendsetting 60s styles.
/ A slash help provide abbreviations, dates, or in place of ¨or¨. Great colors to wear in the autumn time are brown/beige.
Capitalization Rules of Capitalization Always capitalize the first letter of a sentence The 1970s was recognized as the¨best decade for fashion and beauty¨ according to researchers.
Capitalize words in Titles Coco Rocha wrote a book called ´Study of Pose´.
Capitalize nouns and proper pronouns. Audrey Hepburn´s most famous look was the little black dress that she premiered in the movie ´Breakfast at Tiffany's.
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SECTION 2 PARTS OF SPEECH
PRONOUNS Pronouns take the place of nouns that have been established. Personal: Nominative (subjects) Objective (objects) I/we me/us you/you you/you He, she, it, one/they him, her, it, one/them
Possessive My, mine our, ours Your, yours your, yours His, her, hers, its, one’s their, theirs Relative: Nominative Objective Possessive who whom whose That that of that those/ this
NOUNS Types of nouns: · Common Nouns: a class of people, places, things, or ideas. EX: corsets, earrings, models, heels, photographers. Proper Nouns: give the name or title of a particular person, place, thing, or idea (must be capitalized). EX: New York, Milan, Paris.
Compound Nouns: consist of words used together to form a single noun. EX: runway, background, eyeliner Concrete Nouns: refer to material things, to people, or to places. EX: coffee, cigarette, lipstick. Abstract Nouns: name ideas, qualities, concepts, emotions, or attitudes. EX: confidence, courage, determination. Functions (How nouns are used): · Subject (comes before the verb) (fashion icons) Elizabeth Taylor gave the world a new outlook of how to accessorize an outfit. · Direct Object (comes after the verb and answers what or whom) The paparazzi asked Katharine Hepburn to describe to them the outfit she´s going to wear for the exclusive event. · Indirect Object (answers to who or to whom) Madonna gave an autograph to her fan at the meet and greet.
Interrogative: who, which, what, whatever, whoever
Reflexive: (personal pronouns plus the suffix –self or –selves) Used only: when the action verb is directed toward the subject of the construction: He critiques himself more harshly about his runaway walk than others. She bought herself two dresses.
to intensify a point: Marilyn Monroe herself sang happy birthday to President John F Kennedy. He himself said he made a new fur coat. Demonstrative: this, these, that, those Indefinite: all, another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, few, many, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, somebody, someone, such.
VERBS Verbs show the time, action, and state of being of a subject. Tense: verbs indicate time via tenses: simple past past past perfect past progressive simple present present present perfect present progressive present perfect progressive future future perfect
Types: There are at least eleven (11) types of verbs: auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) linking verbs (verbs that do not describe action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other parts of the sentence – usually the predicate) lexical verbs (main verbs) dynamic verbs (indicate action) stative verbs (describe a condition) finitive verbs (indicate tense) infinitive verbs (infinitives or participles) regular verbs (weak verbs) irregular verbs (strong verbs) transitive verbs (verbs followed by a direct object) intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take direct objects)
Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The English language has two voices: ACTIVE and PASSIVE. Active: The models are preparing for the show. (models are the subject) Passive: The show was over for the models. (models are the subject but treated as the object) Verbals: (VERB FORMS NOT USED AS VERBS) Gerund: word ending in “ing” used as a noun. · Grace Kelly was researching how to accessorize an outfit. Participle: word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as an adjective · Fashion trends are very exciting. One gets amazed looking at the evolution of fashion. Infinitive: verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs · She wanted to travel somewhere her clothes would be perceived as art. ADJECTIVES Adjectives modify, describe, limit, and identify nouns and pronouns. · Kinds: Demonstrative, Common, Proper ADVERBS Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. · Endings occasionally, upwards, likewise · Conversions fashionably, gracefully, classily
· Types: Manner, Frequency, Degree, Place, Time
Example Types: Manner – Coco Chanel worked quickly in order to be the first one to have new fashion line for the fall season. (How did she worked?) Time – Jacqueline Kennedy left immediately after the fashion show ended. (When will she leave?) Place – Diana Ross willingly traveled to New york for a big event. (Where was she?) Degree – Coco Rocha’ exceptionally good posing cannot be overrecognized. (How good is she?) Frequency -Models are consistently pleasant in order to make good relationship with the designers. (How often are models pleasant?)
CONJUNCTIONS Coordinating (FANBOYS): for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Correlative: Either/or; neither/nor; not only/but also; both/and; whether/or; as/so Subordinate: after, though as, as if, as long as, as thought, because, before, if, in order that, provided that, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while Relative pronouns: who (refers to people), which (refers to nonliving object or animals), that (may refer to animals or nonliving objects) PREPOSITIONS Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence. Prepositions are NEVER followed by verbs. There are oneword prepositions and complex prepositions. These are some common one-word prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of,
along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except excluding for, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding, of, off, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without.
NTERJECTIONS A- Aha,Ahem, Ahoy, Amen, Alas, Arg, Aw
B- Bada-bing, Baloney, Bam, Big deal Bingo, Boo-hoo, Bravo, Brilliant, Brrr Bye C- Cheers, Congratulations, Come on , Cool Cowabunga
D- Dang, Dang it, Darn , Dear me, Duh
E - Eek, Eh, Enjoy
F- Fiddlesticks
G- Gadzooks, Gee, Gee whiz, Golly, Goodbye, Goodness, Good grief Gosh H- Ha-ha, Hallelujah, Hello, Hey, Hmm, Holy buckets, Holy cow, Holy smokes, Hot dog, Huh, Humph, Hurray
O- Oh, Oh dear, Oh my, Oh well, Oops, Ouch, Ow
P- Phew, Phooney, Please, Pooh, Pow R- Rats S - Shh, Shoo T- Thanks, There, Tut-tut U- Uh-huh, Uh-oh, Ugh W- Wahoo, Whoa, Whoops, Wow Y- Yeah, Yes, Yikes, Yippee, Yo, Yuck
SECTION 3 PHRASES AND CLAUSES
Phrases – groups of words that function as a part of speech. Noun Phrase: A group of words consisting of nouns or pronouns and their modifiers that function as a noun. All the models seriously wanted an break from their runaway walk practice. Verb Phrase: A group of words consisting of verbs working together and that function as a verb. The fashion designers are working hard this weekend. Prepositional Phrase: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and functions as an adjective or an adverb. Grace Kelly was warmly welcomed in the red carpet. Appositive Phrase: A group of words that include all the words that modify an appositive and function as an adjective - IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BY COMMAS. Jackie Kennedy, a fashion icon, was known for changing fashion’s view on conservative clothes. Verbal Phrases: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun. Gerund Phrase verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun. Strutting down the runway, the models walked confidently with her high heels. Participial Phrase word ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed (past participle) that functions as an adjective. Audrey Hepburn saw the glamorous runway. Infinitive Phrase verb preceded by the word “to” (to read, to study, to write) that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Many fashion designers went to study the history of fashion in college .
CLAUSES Clauses – groups of words with BOTH a subject and a verb that function as parts of speech. There are TWO kinds: Independent and Dependent (called “Subordinate”)
INDEPENDENT – CAN stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern. Fashion shows can be dated back to the 1860s. DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) – CANNOT stand alone as a complete sentence and MUST begin with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION. There are seven (7) kinds: Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive. Where he grew up firmly reflected the type of style he has. Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause. Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word: This is the place where the latest and best fashion is at . (“where” is an introductory word) Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns: During awards, Zendaya was the one who got the most votes for best dressed. (ONE is the antecedent of WHO and is modified by the adjective clause.) Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced by subordinate conjunction, and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession.
Modifying adverbs: One model worked harder on their posing skills than the others models did. (condition) Relative Clauses: Dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun. The person who finishes first will earn limited edition shirt of Katharine Hepburn. Elliptical Clauses: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted. When designing, the fashion designer keenly keeps her eyes on what is trending. Essential Clauses: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence. The thing that most interests Carmen Dell’ Orefive is clearly fashion. Nonessential Clauses: Clauses that are NOT necessary to the meaning of the sentence. Coco Rocha model camp, which began three years ago, teaches young models what it takes to be in the modeling industry.
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SENTENCES
Sentence – a set of words that contains a subject and a predicate and conveys a statement, command, question, or an exclamation.
Sentence Parts
Subject – what/who the sentence is about The fashion industry is rapidly changing and becoming more versatile. Predicate – what the subject does The fashion industry is rapidly changing and becoming more versatile. Sentence Types
Declarative – a sentence that makes a statement (ends with a period mark) Fashion designers are the backbone of fashion. Imperative – a sentence that makes a command (ends with a period mark) Let’s take a picture. Interrogative – a sentence that asks a question (ends with a question mark) Why would you wear a green shirt with orange pants? Exclamatory – a sentence that expresses great emotion, passion, excitement (ends with an exclamation mark) Those colors made the outfit look elegant!
Sentence Patterns
Simple Sentence: A sentence that is just one independent clause. Fashion is a form of self expression for many individuals. Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clauses - connected by FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) or a semicolon (;). The weather is a very crucial part when determining an outfit, but the occasion is also important.
Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. When you plan to shop, it is wise to consider what you are looking for and its practicality.
Complex-Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
Whether you shop, look out for basic essentials, but don't be afraid to shop for statement pieces. Loose Sentence: A sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction (either a clause or phrase) with your main point at the beginning.
Fashion is actively shaping the world, no matter the time or age.
Periodic Sentence: A sentence in which the independent clause is given at the end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense with the main point coming at the end.
No matter the time or age, fashion is actively shaping the world. Parallel Structure: A sentence using the same pattern of two or more verbs or ideas that match in tense or structure to show that they are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written - this sentence requires symmetry.
Marilyn Monroe works hard, sings, and acts in many movies in the 1950 and 60s.
Balanced Sentence: A sentence where phrases or clauses at the beginning and the end parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length - this sentence requires symmetry.
Fashion designers spend their lives creating new designs and taking in new designs. Chiasmus: A sentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or clauses) in inverted (reversed) order - this sentence requires symmetry.
Fashion icons influences fashion into what it is today and it would be nothing without them. Asyndeton: A sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose.
Naomi Campbell exhibits beauty, elegance, strength, excellence.
Polysyndeton: A sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose.
Naomi Campbell exhibits beauty and elegance and strength, and excellence.
Anaphora: A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention.
Cindy Crawford is a one of the most famous super model of all time, she became famous on the runways in the 80s and 90s and made an impactful in the fashion industry with her famous red versace dress she wore to the Oscars in 1991.
Epistrophe: A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words.
Models spend their time practicing in the name of fashion, they know a lot about fashion, and sometimes they feel their life revolves around fashion. Sentence Errors Run-On/Rambling/Fused Sentence – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly without punctuation. New york fashion week made its debut in 1943 it´s purpose was to allow buyers to have an alternative to french fashion they weren't allowed to travel to paris due to World War II. [WRONG] New york fashion week made its debut in 1943. It´s purpose was to allow buyers to have an alternative to french fashion as they weren't allowed to travel to paris due to World War II. [RIGHT]
Comma Splice – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly using commas Elvis Presley can be remarkably known being a american singer with outstanding outfits, he often wore high waisted trousers and his signature pompadour, he greatly influence modern men´s hair.[WRONG] Elvis Presley can be remarkably known being a american singer with outstanding outfits. He often wore high waisted trousers and his signature pompadour; he greatly influence modern men´s hair and fashion. [RIGHT] Fragment – incomplete sentence pieces that are not connected to or do not form an independent clause Because the designers did not worked. [WRONG] Because the designers did not worked, they had little time to complete their designs.. [RIGHT] Misplaced/Dangling Modifiers – modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description; a misplaced modifier describes the wrong part of a sentence and a dangling modifier is missing the part it’s supposed to modify At the fashion show, the stylist gave a outfit to the model that was too small. [WRONG] At the fashion show, the stylist gave a outfit that was too small to the model. [RIGHT] Double Negative – combining two or more negative words in a sentence in a way that is supposed to produce a positive force We don't have no time to be fooling during runway practice. [WRONG] We don't have any time to be fooling during runway practice. [RIGHT]
SECTION 5 PARAGRAPHS
Paragraphs – a group of sentences that together convey a shared purpose structured around the same topic. Introductory Paragraphs (Introductions) Hook (Lead / Opening Statement) – can begin with the title Anecdotal (Brief story to set the mood and lead the reader into the topic) Ex. In this modern world, we are constantly surrounded by fashion. It has become a part of our daily lives whether it's in social media, newspapers, magazines, billboards, and etc. There is no denying we are influenced by what we see. But it’s not always a good thing. Fashion imagery is causing many women to become insecure and hate the way they cause due models to always be so thin. As a result, it leaves many young women under the impression that thin bodies are the perfect bodies for women.
Query Based (Question that brings the reader to the topic - avoid second person POV “you”) Ex. How does the fashion industry’s imagery change the perception of the “perfect body” in young women? Thesis Statements (the purpose of a piece of writing – usually one sentence in length, but can be longer depending on the purpose – must be something that is arguable) Assertion (claim - a subject + a “so what” about the subject) Ex. Fashion imagery provides the female viewer a negative impact on the idea of the “perfect body” . Fact (empirically verifiable but often difficult to argue extensively about - better used as evidence to support a claim) Ex. Fashion imagery is comparatively harmful.
Opinion (personal position on a topic) Ex. Aeropostale has the best model diversity . Belief (social, religious, or political in nature – an opinion held by many to be a fact,
though it is not necessarily factual – often involves a judgement) Ex. Fashion imagery is morally wrong. Generalization (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never, none, most, half – avoid using this type of thesis statement unless citing the source of the data) Ex. Fashion imagery horribly harms a woman's perception on the perfect body. Document-Based (cites a specific source, author, and position on a topic) Ex. In “The ideal female body type is getting even harder to attain” , Frances Bozsik argues that fashion imagery does more harm than good in a woman's perception of the perfect body.
Theory (a statement that can be tested and potentially proven - often answers a research question) Ex. Fashion imagery can psychologically lead to a distorted view in women on how they should look.
Clarification/Expansion of Thesis (could extend the thesis, preview the evidence supporting the thesis, give the purpose of the thesis, establish the importance or significance of examining the intricacies of the thesis – this could be several sentences long) Ex. Bozsik expands on her claim by examining the various elements, such as studies conducted on young women, size zero culture, and the pressure of being thin in society. Ex. The author examines the issues of body image in young women in order to create awareness about the harm in fashion imagery. (purpose of the thesis Ex. This information about the connection between fashion imagery and the idea of the perfect body might lead to crucial reforms in the fashion industry. (establishing the importance or significance of thesis)
Body Paragraphs (must have echoes of the thesis in each AND present evidence to support or expand on the thesis) Topic Sentences (must specifically indicate the topic of the paragraph and focus on one subject and/or area of evidence or support – could start with a “Transition of Logic” that connects to the previous paragraph to give context) Ex. Additionally, multiple sources indicate that the consumption of fashion imagery has a dramatic impact on body image. (Now every sentence in this paragraph must be related to the connection between fast food and health)
Presenting Evidence from Quotations (quotes should NEVER be used as individual sentences – quotes should be embedded within sentences) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “In a study of 3,200 young women carried out in February this year [2007] by Girlguiding UK, over half of 16- to 25-year-olds said the media made them feel that "being pretty and thin" was the ‘most important thing’ ” (Bozsik) .
Several researchers have said, “In a study of 3,200 young women carried out in February this year [2007] by Girlguiding UK, over half of 16- to 25-year-olds said the media made them feel that ‘being pretty and thin’ was the ‘most important thing’ ” (Bozsik).
Ex. “In a study of 3,200 young women carried out in February this year [2007] by Girlguiding UK, over half of 16- to 25-year-olds said the media made them feel that "being pretty and thin" was the ‘most important thing’ ” according to several researchers (Bozsik).
Ex. Unfortunately for younger generations, “In a study of 3,200 young women carried out in February this year [2007] by Girlguiding UK, over half of 16- to 25-year-olds said the media made them feel that "being pretty and thin" was the ‘most important thing’ ” (Bozsik).
Ex. Unfortunately, “In a study of 3,200 young women carried out in February this year [2007] by Girlguiding UK, over half of 16- to 25-year-olds said the media made them feel that "being pretty and thin" was the ‘most important thing’ ”(Bozsik).
Ex. Unfortunately, ...16- to 25-year-olds said the media…made them feel that "being pretty and thin" was the ‘most important thing..” (Bozsik).
Examining the Evidence Paraphrasing (rewording of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but still citing the source - useful for examining the quote and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “In a study of 3,200 young women carried out in February this year [2007] by Girlguiding UK, over half of 16- to 25-year-olds said the media made them feel that "being pretty and thin" was the ‘most important thing’ ” (Bozsik) .
Ex. PARAPHRASE – Women’s body image issues may be negatively impacted by fashion imagery (Bozsik). . Summarizing (condensing larger quotes or sections - useful for closing the examination of the quote/evidence and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “In a study of 3,200 young women carried out in February this year [2007] by Girlguiding UK, over half of 16- to 25-year-olds said the media made them feel that "being pretty and thin" was the ‘most important thing’ ” (Bozsik) . Ex. SUMMARY – Fashion imagery can be harmful. Abstract Examples (hypothetical, “what if” examples that do not refer to a source – AVOID USING THEM AS EVIDENCE – but useful for examining the quote) Ex. Women would have fewer body image issues if fashion imagery were more inclusive to different body types.
Ex. In “The ideal female body type is getting even harder to attain”, it shows a study where 91% of women felt insecure of themselves and not fitting into the standard. Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word – possibly an adverb – and should echo the thesis of the essay) Ex. Clearly, young women agree about the fashion industry’s imagery consistently has a negative impact in society.
Closing Paragraphs (Conclusions – should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay) Consequences of Disregarding the Thesis (establishing the potential consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – CREATING A COUNTERARGUMENT – could be one or more sentences) Ex. If the fashion imagery was truly inclusive, there probably would not be such an abundance of body image issues in women. Statement(s) of Extension (extending the consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – could be one or more sentences) Ex. As such, the fashion industry's imagery seems closely connected with the rates of eating disorders and body disatisfaction in young women. Reestablishing the Significance of the Thesis (could be one or more sentences) Ex. Thus, as the research indicates, fashion industry carry out more than just an influence among women – they carry out the potential for both body image and dismorphia issues.
Final Sentence (closing statement that connects to the hook and finishes the essay (finish your argument) – the “Smoky the Bear”/”Drop the mic”/dot dot dot moment…) Ex. So given all the body image issues associated with fashion industry, maybe the fashion industry is as glamorous as it seems…
SECTION 6 ESSAYS
Essays – piece of writing where the writer writes about a specific topic
Types Persuasive (Argumentative) A persuasive essay is an essay that is supposed to convince the reader based on the specific topic Expository (Informative) Expository essay is an essay that explains to the reader to make them understand about a specific topic. Definition or Description - An essay written where the author describes a place, person, or feeling. Process (How-to) - An essay that will tell you on how to complete a task and its steps. Compare and Contrast -This essay is a comparison of two similarities of two contents and its contrast. Cause and Effect - An essay that will discuss why something happened and the impact it has. Analytical/Critical Analytical essay is an essay that analyzes a specific topic from various perspectives. Evaluative - An essay where it critiques or judges based to a set of data Interpretive - This essay is written to analyze another piece of literature like a novel or poem. Narrative (Tells a story) A narrative essay is an essay that tells a story. Personal Statement/Anecdote - An essay written that is based on your personal experience or beliefs. Research - This essay focuses on a question and answers throughout the essay Timed - An essay that makes the writer demonstrate prior knowledge by a writing sample within a period of time.
Document Based Question (DBQ) - An essay used to evaluate one’s ability to write using evidence from primary sources within a period of time. Synthesis -This essay discusses a main idea or topic using multiple sources or views.
Strategies/Planning Tips/Steps – Pre-writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining First, you must plan what you’re going to say. You can do this by brainstorming and making a list of the main ideas or things you want to touch upon. Then you would Identify the type of essay that will be suitable for your topic. Based on the essay, you can make a rough outline for each paragraph and bullet point what each paragraph will talk about. This will break down the essay into smaller tasks and make it easier to do.
Researching/Evaluating of Sources Evaluate your sources by ensuring that it will make an impact on your topic. If you’re not sure whether to include or remove a source, think if your topic or argument would lose or gain its strength with or without it. This way, you can have an idea of what sources are truly meaningful and efficient.
Work Cited Page MLA Format MLA must be aligned with the left margin and a hanging indent of 0.5 inches after the first line (hanging line). It begins with the author’s last name followed by their first name. Italicize the title of books or magazines. Make sure to include the page numbers if needed. Each citation should be doubled spaced but there must be no space between each entry. Finally, all citations must be arranged in alphabetical order based on the author’s last names.
Ex. Demeester, Leen. Fashion Icons: Fashion Trends throughout the Centuries. Lannoo, 2012, p. 52-65
APA Format APA must be aligned with the left margin and a hanging indent of 0.5 inches after the first line (hanging line). It begins with the author’s last name followed by their first name. The titles of books, chapters, articles, reports, websites etc. must capitalize only the first word. All citations must be arranged in alphabetical order based on the author’s last names.
Ex. Demeester, L. (2012). Fashion icons: Fashion trends throughout the centuries. Lannoo. 52-65