Minecraft Book of Writing by Bravo Grammar Con Online

Book of Writing

By: Lillian vazquez h American lit p5

Table of Contents

Pages

Introduction...............................................................................................................3 About the author/ Dedication....................................................................................4 Section 1: Punctuation and Capitalization................................................................5-9 Section 2: Parts of Speech........................................................................................10-21 Section 3: Phrases and Clauses................................................................................22-25 Section 4: Sentences................................................................................................26-29 Section 5: Paragraphs...............................................................................................30-34 Section 6: Essays.......................................................................................................35-37

Introduction Expect to learn about all the awesomeness revolving Minecraft! The majority of our examples are based on random players who randomly play Minecraft, but they arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t so good at it. With those examples, our readers will learn how badly these players are but most importantly, theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll learn about writing. In this book, we incorporate ways for readers to get amazing tips on the most popular game ever and they could also learn how they can improve on their writing abilities! By incorporating Minecraft and writing, we present the Minecraft Book of Writing.

About the Author My name is Lillian Vazquez. I am currently a Junior attending Francisco Bravo Medical Magnet High School. I am a part of our school’s debate team which takes up 90% of my time. In my free time, I like to play games with my friends. We play Minecraft (obviously), Don’t Starve Together, and Overcooked 2. When I’m not doing those things, I do my homework which is a good thing because I was able to provide this amazing and educational book with that.

I would like to dedicate this book to my homies, without them i would never had gotten the idea to make my project on minecraft

SECTION 1 PUNCTUATION and CAPITALIZATION Punctuation – Identify the function and create one (1) example sentence of the uses for each mark.

1. . Period (used to end a sentence)- The first thing I saw when I opened my eyes was a tall tree towards the mountains.

2. , Comma (Used to separate in a list)- I quickly started looking around the world I was in, hoping to find a brown box in an area full of trees.

3. – Em Dash (used to take the place of commas, parenthesis, or colons) - I continued to look for the little brown box until – after a second or two – I found it towards the river.

4. En Dash (used to represent a span or range of numbers, date, or time) - I became extremely happy as I took 5-10 seconds to look at what was inside that box.

5. : Colon (used to introduce a list of items) - As I looked inside the chest, I saw several of different objects: wood, a little shovel, pumpkin seeds, fish and a carrot that was on top of the fish.

6. ; Semicolon (used between two independent clauses) - When I finished, I looked up and was eager to figure out what to do next; I decided to break the chest and the torches around it so that I can always have it with me.

7. ? Question Mark (used at the end of a direct question) - After i quickly broke the chest, I was wondering where I should go. Should I head over caves up north? 8. ! Exclamation point (used at the end of a sentence to add emotion) - I walked over to the cave and I started looking around until, at last, I found some wonderful coal!

9. ‘ apostrophe (used for contractions, plurals, and possessives) - I was extremely happy to find this coal in the caves, I can’t even begin to fully express my emotions.

10.

“”

Quotation Marks (used to indicate material that is being produced word for word) - As I was mining this coal I was thinking about all the different things I can make with this magnificent mineral. I then quickly thought of an idea: “I can make torches!”

11.

…

Ellipses (used to indicate omission) - I was finishing gathering all of my materials until I heard something creeping up on me … it was a zombie!

12.

[]

Brackets (used to allow the insertion of editorial material inside quotations) As I was panicking to figure out what to do in this dark cave filled with zombies, I thought to myself, “did I get a sword in my box [the chest]?”

13.

()

Parenthesis (used to provide additional information) - I then remembered that I didn’t get a sword. I started panicking as the green monsters (zombies) was heading straight towards me.

14.

Slash (it is very versatile, it can indicate a line break in a poem or even represent a function) - I started to count all of those disgusting creatures and realized that I can easily face them all. The ratio between the green creatures and I is 4/1, this should be a piece of cake! EX: Comma (used to switch words around in a list) – Students at Bravo can freely choose between AP World History, AP US History, AP Government, and AP European History. Capitalization – Identify and create one (1) example sentence for each rule of capitalization. 1. Please list the rules of capitalization here a. Capitalize the first word of every sentence, and every new line. The best part of playing minecraft are the animals they have on there.

b. Capitalize the first word of quoted sentences. The first time I saw all of these animals was, “These are so cute!”

c. Capitalize the names of people I have named my dogs on minecraft Leah, Luke, and Lila. 7

d. Capitalize words derived from proper nouns. Whenever I create a new world, I always start off by heading North of the world.

e. Capitalize the name of streets, cities, provinces, states and countries. When I used to play with my friends, we would create cities and one of the street names was “Lillian Ave.”

f. Capitalize the place or specific locations We would always make books and quilts with our constitutions written in both English and Spanish.

g. Capitalize the names of books, movies, arts, articles, etc. We would name those articles/ constitutions The Law of the Land.

h. Capitalize the pronoun “I” Although we would play together, I didn’t really do much, my friend would create the cities and manage them.

i. Capitalize an interjection, an exclamation I once joined my friend and my first thoughts when I saw all the work he had done was, “What?! Wow! Amazing!”

j. Capitalize opening and closing of a letter It was so funny because we would have our constitution written out as letters. We would start it as: Dear Citizens of this wonderful land, 8

Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t kill any animals. Sincerely, the Monarchs

EX: (Used to begin a sentence) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Sadly for some, 11th grade is the year with the most high-stakes testing.

SECTION 2 PARTS OF SPEECH NOUNS Types of nouns: (list three to five words of each type) ·

Common Nouns: name a class of people, places, things, or ideas. Village, temple, monument, city

· Proper Nouns: give the name or title of a particular person, place, thing, or idea (must be capitalized). Herobrian, Notch, Desert Temple, The End · Compound Nouns: consist of words used together to form a single noun. Minecraft, minecart, bedrock, redstone · Concrete Nouns: refer to material things, to people, or to places. Log, Planks, Grass, Piston · Abstract Nouns: name ideas, qualities, concepts, emotions, or attitudes. Pessimism, Love, Movement, Luck, Joy, Creative

Functions (How nouns are used): Write one sentence for each function. ·

Subject (comes before the verb)

Notch added 3 different biomes to the world.

Direct Object (comes after the verb and answers what or whom)

SoggyRice asked ActualCasual to chop some wood with an axe.

Indirect Object (answers to who or to whom) The player who goes by SoggyRice gave an emerald to a villager at the trading center.

PRONOUNS Pronouns take the place of nouns that have been established. Personal: Nominative (subjects)

Objective (objects)

I/we

me/us

you/you

He, she, it, one/they

him, her, it, one/them

Possessive My, mine

our, ours

Your, yours

your, yours

His, her, hers, its, one’s

their, theirs

Relative: Nominative

Objective

Possessive

who

whom

whose

That

that

of that

those/ this

Interrogative: who, which, what, whatever, whoever

Reflexive: (personal pronouns plus the suffix –self or –selves) Used only: when the action verb is directed toward the subject of the construction: The players talked amongst themselves to see who would get the last hit at the Ender Dragon. LillianVaz got herself some kelp.

to intensify a point: SoggyRice himself built the entire house. When looking at all the mobs LillianVaz thought she couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t kill them all by herself.

Demonstrative: this, these

that, those

Indefinite: all, another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, few, many, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, somebody, someone, such.

VERBS Verbs show the time, action, and state of being of a subject. Tense: verbs indicate time via tenses: simple past past past perfect past progressive simple present present present perfect present progressive present perfect progressive future future perfect

Types: There are at least eleven (11) types of verbs: auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) linking verbs (verbs that do not describe action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other parts of the sentence – usually the predicate) lexical verbs (main verbs) dynamic verbs (indicate action) stative verbs (describe a condition) finitive verbs (indicate tense) nonfinitive verbs (infinitives or participles) regular verbs (weak verbs) irregular verbs (strong verbs) transitive verbs (verbs followed by a direct object) intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take direct objects)

Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The English language has two voices: ACTIVE and PASSIVE. Active: The players received a lot of loot in the Nether. Passive: The Nether gave loot to the players.

Verbals: (VERB FORMS NOT USED AS VERBS) Gerund: word ending in “ing” used as a noun. ·

SoggyRice managed to make a good living.

Participle: word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as an adjective ·

LillianVaz likes to go swimming in the river.

The players carefully walked past the deserted village.

Infinitive: verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs ·

ActualCasual likes to kill the mobs.

ADJECTIVES Adjectives modify, describe, limit, and identify nouns and pronouns. ·

Kinds: Demonstrative, Common, Proper

Demonstrative: Those mobs can kill players quickly. Common: ActualCasual was excited to eat some cooked kale. Proper: We made a house that had Irish cultures.

ADVERBS Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. ·

Endings (Create one example related to your subject for each) I accidentally fell in lava so all of my stuff was set on fire and I wasn’t able to get them back. I was really looking forward to fighting the ender dragon. Likewise, my friends were also really excited.

Conversions “Mathematical” becomes “Mathematically” “Scientific” becomes “Scientifically” “Mechanical” becomes “Mechanically

Types: Manner, Frequency, Degree, Place, Time

Example Types: Manner – ActualCasual quickly made a bed before nighttime. Time – SoggyRice immediately found stacks of iron and even some diamonds. Place – LillianVaz stood safely behind their shield so that mobs can’t attack and kill them. Degree – SoggyRice did a remarkable job on building the house. Frequency – ActualCasual repeatedly killed animals so that they can use their meat for food.

CONJUNCTIONS Coordinating (FANBOYS): for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Correlative: Either/or; neither/nor; not only/but also; both/and; whether/or; as/so Subordinate: after, though as, as if, as long as, as thought, because, before, if, in order that, provided that, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while Relative pronouns: who (refers to people), which (refers to nonliving object or animals), that (may refer to animals or nonliving objects)

PREPOSITIONS Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence. Prepositions are NEVER followed by verbs. There are one-word prepositions and complex prepositions. These are some common one-word prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except excluding for, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding, of, off, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without.

INTERJECTIONS Interjections are the final part of speech. Find and copy/paste an alphabetical list of interjections here. A – Ahh, ahoy, aha, ahem, alas, arrggh, aw B – Blah, brrr, bingo, bravo, bam, bazinga, bleh, boo, boo-yah, bah hambug C – Cheers, congrats, catching, cripes, crud D – Damn, darn, darnit, dang, drat, duh, dear,

E – Eureka, eek, eh, er, encore, eww F – Fie, fiddlesticks G – Gak, gee, gee whiz, geez, gadzooks, golly, good grief, goodness, goodness gracious, gosh, gesundheit H – Hey, hmm, hooray, huh, hello, ha, ha-ha, holy cow, hallelujah, holy smokes, humph, hurray, hot dog, huh? K – Ka-ching, O – oh, oh oh, oh dear, oh my, oh my God, oh well, ouch, ow, oww, oops, oy, ooh-la-la, P – Phooey, presto, please, pshaw, pow, phew, pooh R – Rats, S – shoo, shh, shoop-shoop, T – Tut-tut, thanks, U – Uh-huh, uh-oh, ugh, um, umm V – Viva, voila W – Whammo, wham, whew, whoa, wow, whoops, Y – Yay, yeah, yikes, yippee, yes, yuck, yum, yo, yahoo, yummy Z – Zap

Transitions of Logic Chart

Addition

Comparison

Milder

Stronger

a further

further

and

furthermore

and then

moreover

then

in addition

also

additionally

too

besides

again

another

equally important

other

first, second

nor

finally, last

just as ... so too

similarly

a similar

comparable

another... like

in the same way likewise

Contrast

but

however

yet

still

and yet

nevertheless

still

on the other hand

otherwise

on the contrary

even so

though

notwithstanding

but another

for all that

rather

in contrast alternatively at the same time though this may be otherwise instead nonetheless conversely

Time

then

meanwhile

now

at length

soon

presently

afterward

at last

later

finally

shortly

immediately

earlier

thereafter

recently

at that time

first, second, third

subsequently

eventually

before

currently

after

in the meantime

Purpose

today

in the past

tomorrow

in the future

to do this

to this end

so that

with this object for this purpose for that reason because of this in order to

Place

there

at that point

here

opposite to

beyond

adjacent to

nearby

on the other side

next to

in the front in the back

Result

hence

and so

therefore

then

accordingly consequently thus thereupon as a result in consequence

Example

Summary and Emphasis

that is

for example

specifically

for instance

in particular

an instance of this

for one thing

this can be seen in

in sum

in short

generally

on the whole

after all

as I said

by the way

in other words

in general

to be sure

incidentally

in fact

naturally

indeed

I hope

clearly

at least

of course

it seems

anyway

in brief

remarkably

I suppose

I think assuredly definitely without doubt

for all that on the whole in any event importantly certainly

SECTION 3 PHRASES and CLAUSES Phrases – groups of words that function as a part of speech.

Noun Phrase: A group of words consisting of nouns or pronouns and their modifiers that function as a noun. All the players seriously wanted to kill the Ender Dragon.

Verb Phrase: A group of words consisting of verbs working together and that function as a verb. ActualCasual would be working hard to build a house.

Prepositional Phrase: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and functions as an adjective or an adverb. SoggyRice was welcomed aboard the wooden boat.

Appositive Phrase: A group of words that include all the words that modify an appositive and function as an adjective - IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BY COMMAS. LillianVaz, a new player, worked diligently to figure out all the controls to move.

Verbal Phrases: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun. •

Gerund Phrase verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun. Running down the field, the players had finally reached their base.

•

Participial Phrase word ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed (past participle) that functions as an adjective. A long time ago, some villagers abandoned their village.

•

Infinitive Phrase verb preceded by the word “to” (to read, to study, to write) that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. SoggyRice knew it was time to kill the Ender Dragon.

CLAUSES

Clauses – groups of words with BOTH a subject and a verb that function as parts of speech. There are TWO kinds: Independent and Dependent (called “Subordinate”)

INDEPENDENT – CAN stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern. Minecraft requires players to stay very vigilant.

DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) – CANNOT stand alone as a complete sentence and MUST begin with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION. There are seven (7) kinds:

Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive. o

Where the player spawned was made into their house.

Brutally kill mobs when they’re nearby.

That the player was happy was totally obvious.

SoggyRice wisely checked what he had for building supplies.

Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause. Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word: o

This is the world where we have been the most successful. (“where” is an introductory word)

There is the block that I absolutely needed.

The block that you have been searching for is right in front of you.

Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns: §

SoggyRice is obviously the one who kills the most mobs.

There goes the player whose kill streak is usually zero.

The Minecraft Wiki informatively teaches the importance of every block that the game contains. 23

Is this the block that you so vehemently want?

ActualCasual is the player who bravely killed the Ender Dragon by himself.

The recommendation of the Minecraft sale to which you mentioned has sadly ended.

SoggyRice is a player who easily shrugs off criticism from other players.

Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced by a subordinate conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession. Modifying verbs: §

Fortunately, there was an End City where everyone could see it. (place)

When the Ender Dragon was finally killed, we left to find an End City. (time)

We unhappily left The End because we had no more inventory left. (purpose)

SoggyRIces talked as if he was convincing ActualCasual to give him some wood.(condition)

Modifying adjectives: §

Deserts seem to be longer than some plains. (how much)

SoggyRice is as amusingly funny as ActualCasual. (to what extent)

Modifying adverbs: §

ActualCasual killed more mobs than LillianVaz typically did. (condition)

Relative Clauses: Dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun. o

The player who kills a mob first will earn a lot of loot.

Elliptical Clauses: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted. o

When killing mobs, SoggyRice is very aware of his surroundings.

Essential Clauses: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence. o

The mob that most interests ActualCasual are creepers.

Nonessential Clauses: Clauses that are NOT necessary to the meaning of the sentence. SoggyRiceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s server, which opened six months ago, has reached itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s peak.

SECTION 4 SENTENCES Sentence – a set of words that contains a subject and a predicate and conveys a statement, command, question, or an exclamation.

Sentence Parts Subject – what/who the sentence is about The Minecraft players patiently waited for the game to update.

Predicate – what the subject does The Minecraft players patiently waited for the game to update.

Sentence Types Declarative – a sentence that makes a statement (ends with a period mark) Playing Minecraft is a fun hobby.

Imperative – a sentence that makes a command (ends with a period mark) SoggyRice said to get more wood.

Interrogative – a sentence that asks a question (ends with a question mark) Has ActualCasual joined the game?

Exclamatory – a sentence that expresses great emotion, passion, excitement (ends with an exclamation mark) ActualCasual did join the game!

Sentence Patterns Simple Sentence: A sentence that is just one independent clause. ActualCasual likes to eat cooked pork in the game.

Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clauses - connected by FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) or a semicolon (;). ActualCasual hates eating vegetables, but he eats them if heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s starving.

Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. When building a house, working on the base is a must.

Complex-Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. Whether you plan ahead or not, most assignments for school get done, but they can take up a lot of time.

Loose Sentence: A sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction (either a clause or phrase) with your main point at the beginning. Eating kale is healthy, it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t matter how much you need to eat to gain full hunger.

Periodic Sentence: A sentence in which the independent clause is given at the end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense with the main point coming at the end. No matter how much you need to eat to gain full hunger, eating kale is healthy.

Parallel Structure: A sentence using the same pattern of two or more verbs or ideas that match in tense or structure to show that they are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written - this sentence requires symmetry. Minecraft players tend to mine hard, to stay awake at night playing, and kill the Ender Dragon as fast as possible.

Balanced Sentence: A sentence where phrases or clauses at the beginning and the end parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length - this sentence requires symmetry. Minecraft players spend their days killing mobs and breeding animals to make babies.

Chiasmus: A sentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or clauses) in inverted (reversed) order - this sentence requires symmetry. Animals make the game what it is and it would be nothing without them.

Asyndeton: A sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. Minecraft players typically exhibit sleep deprivation, excellence, happiness and competitiveness.

Polysyndeton: A sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. Minecraft players typically exhibit sleep deprivation and excellence and happiness and, ultimately, competitiveness.

Anaphora: A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention. For so many people, high school can be the best time of their lives, while for others high school is the worst part of their lives, but most will agree that high school can feel like the longest part of their lives.

Epistrophe: A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words. Bravo students so often spend their days talking for school, their nights working for school, their breaks thinking about school that it sometimes can feel like they live only for school.

Sentence Errors Run-On/Rambling/Fused Sentence – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly without punctuation. Minecraft players wanted to stop playing the game they had to finish their English project they were getting close to the due date. [WRONG] Minecraft players wanted to stop playing the game BECAUSE they had to finish their English project AND they were getting close to the due date. [RIGHT]

Comma Splice – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly using commas Minecraft players wanted to stop playing the game, they had to finish their English project, they were getting close to the due date. [WRONG] Minecraft players wanted to stop playing the game. They had to finish their English project; they were getting close to the due date. [RIGHT]

Fragment – incomplete sentence pieces that are not connected to or do not form an independent clause Because they were getting close to the due date. [WRONG] Because the gamers were getting close to the due date, they had to stop playing the game. [RIGHT]

Misplaced/Dangling Modifiers – modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description; a misplaced modifier describes the wrong part of a sentence and a dangling modifier is missing the part it’s supposed to modify In the minecraft server, the player gave wood to their friend that was stripped. [WRONG] In the Minecraft server, the player gave stripped wood to their friend. [RIGHT]

Double Negative – combining two or more negative words in a sentence in a way that is supposed to produce a positive force The gamers knew that it wouldn't do them no good to spend hours chopping wood. [WRONG] The gamers knew that it would not do them any good to spend hours chopping wood. [RIGHT]

SECTION 5 TEMPLATE AND GUIDELINES PARAGRAPHS Paragraphs – a group of sentences that together convey a shared purpose structured around the same topic. Introductory Paragraphs (Introductions) Hook (Lead) – can begin with the title Anecdotal (Brief story to set the mood and lead the reader into the topic) Ex. Minecraft is the epitome of fun with beautiful landscapes. The excitement of creating a new world and entering just to trees, rivers, and mountains. As you go on exploring the world, you come across different objects that would never be recognized in the real world.

Query Based (Question that brings the reader to the topic - avoid second person POV “you”) Ex. Does playing video games such as Minecraft ruin our perception of the real world?

Thesis Statements (the purpose of a piece of writing – usually one sentence in length, but can be longer depending on the purpose – must be something that is arguable) Assertion (claim - a subject + a “so what” about the subject) Ex. Minecraft does ruin the perception of the real world and should be played with knowledge of the differences.

Fact (empirically verifiable but often difficult to argue extensively about - better used as evidence to support a claim) Ex. Minecraft has objects that you can find in the real world.

Opinion (personal position on a topic) Ex. Minecraft is a really fun game to play.

Belief (social, religious, or political in nature – an opinion held by many to be a fact, though it is not necessarily factual – often involves a judgement) Ex. Mining at night is a sinful action.

Generalization (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never, none, most, half – avoid using this type of thesis statement unless citing the source of the data) Ex. All materials in minecraft look exactly the same.

Document Based (cites a specific source, author, and position on a topic) Ex. In the Minecraft wiki, the gaming experts argue that there is only one way to get to the End and beat the ender dragon. Theory (a statement that can be tested and potentially proven - often answers a research question) Ex. Minecraft can lead to mental health issues.

Clarification/Expansion of Thesis (could extend the thesis, preview the evidence supporting the thesis, give the purpose of thesis, establish the importance or significance of examining the intricacies of the thesis – this could be several sentences long) Ex. Bloggers explain how the End looks like through descriptions of the colors associated and pictures. With that, they are able to explain the different varieties of terrains and structures one can find in The End. Ex. The authors examine the environment and treasures of The End in order to encourage players to make their way to this amazing biome. Ex. This surplus of information on The End might lead to an increase of players who are hoping to experience this glory for themselves.

Body Paragraphs (must have echoes of the thesis in each AND present evidence to support or expand on the thesis) Topic Sentences (must specifically indicate the topic of the paragraph and focus on one subject and/or area of evidence or support – could start with a “Transition of Logic” that connects to the previous paragraph to give context) Ex. Additionally, multiple sources indicate that The End is the most resourceful biome out of the whole game.

Presenting Evidence from Quotations (quotes should NEVER be used as individual sentences – quotes should be embedded within sentences) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “The player may find end cities (which may generate ships with them) on these islands, which hold valuable loot. Pairs of elytra and the dragon head can be found exclusively on end ships.” (GamePedia 20). Ex. Several gamers agree, “The player may find end cities (which may generate

ships with them) on these islands, which hold valuable loot. Pairs of elytra and the dragon head can be found exclusively on end ships,” (GamePedia 20).

Ex. “The player may find end cities (which may generate ships with them) on

these islands, which hold valuable loot. Pairs of elytra and the dragon head can be found exclusively on end ships,” according to several gamers (GamePedia 20).

Ex. Unfortunately for Nether lovers, “The player may find end cities (which

may generate ships with them) on these islands, which hold valuable loot. Pairs of elytra and the dragon head can be found exclusively on end ships,” (GamePedia 20).

Ex. Unfortunately for Nether lovers, The player may find end cities … which hold valuable loot,” (GamePedia 20).

Ex. Unfortunately for Nether lovers, ““The player may find end cities ... which hold valuable loot [like] elytra and the dragon head ...,” (GamePedia 20).

Examining the Evidence Paraphrasing (rewording of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but still citing the source - useful for examining the quote and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “The player may find end cities (which may generate ships with them) on these islands, which hold valuable loot. Pairs of elytra and the dragon head can be found exclusively on end ships,” (GamePedia 20).

Ex. PARAPHRASE – Players are able to find treasures in The End that they would not be able to find in the regular biomes (GamePedia 20).

Summarizing (condensing larger quotes or sections - useful for closing the examination of the quote/evidence and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “The player may find end cities (which may generate ships with them) on these islands, which hold valuable loot. Pairs of elytra and the dragon head can be found exclusively on end ships,” (GamePedia 20).

Ex. SUMMARY – Players are able to find a lot of treasures in The End.

Abstract Examples (hypothetical, “what if” examples that do not refer to a source – AVOID USING THEM AS EVIDENCE – but useful for examining the quote) Ex. Players can only find these objects on one island in The End.

Concrete Examples (actual examples that do refer to a source – useful for enhancing your analysis of the quote) Ex. As people continue to play Minecraft, they are finding new information about it. Many players have found that there are multiple islands that you can find the treasures.

Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word – possibly an adverb – and should echo the thesis of the essay) Ex. Clearly, players with first hand experience agree with the fact that The End is one of the most resourceful biomes in Minecraft.

Closing Paragraphs (Conclusions – should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay) Consequences of Disregarding the Thesis (establishing the potential consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – CREATING A COUNTERARGUMENT – could be one or more sentences) Ex. If there were ways to get things such as elytras and dragon heads in the regular biomes, many people would lose interest in finding The End. Statement(s) of Extension (extending the consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – could be one or more sentences) Ex. As such, the need for this precious loot is the root cause of the need to find The End, kill the ender dragon, and find all those one-of-a-kind objects.

Reestablishing the Significance of the Thesis (could be one or more sentences) Ex. Thus, the years of experience from several gamers indicate that The End is one of the most resourceful biomes of the whole game for their possession of valuable objects.

Final Sentence (connects to the hook and finishes the essay (finish your argument) – the “Smoky the Bear”/”Drop the mic”/dot dot dot moment…) Ex. Although getting all the loot is very fun, killing the Ender Dragon is what gets your adrenaline pumping.

SECTION 6 ESSAYS Essays – An essay is writing that explains the author’s perspective and argument. There are different types of essays that one can write, but the majority of them are traditionally seen as formal.

Types – Persuasive (Argumentative): A persuasive or argumentative essay is meant to persuade it’s readers by presenting analysis of their topic. The author provides their opinion, it can either be a positive or negative opinion, and it uses research to support their opinion. All of the evidence and research used must be in relation to the topic and from credible sources.

Expository (Informative) Definition or Description: A really descriptive essay is characterized by the 5 senses. This means that these types of essays use our senses to appeal to the audiences’ sensibilities. It also uses figurative language, metaphors and things of that sort to get an impression or expression out of the reader.

Process (How-to): A process essay explains how to do something or it breaks something down to make it more understandable. It’s usually very simple because it can be written in chronological order to thoroughly break down the steps and process.

Compare and Contrast: These types of essays are meant to explain the similarities and differences of two different things. The comparison explains the similarities between two or more objects while the contrast explains the difference of those things.

Cause and Effect: A cause-and-effect essay is just statements that connect a cause to an effect. Writers must think about different causes or consequences in order to come to conclusions. 35

Analytical/Critical Evaluative: An evaluation essay offers critiques about a certain subject. The author provides evidence to justify the author’s opinions or statements about the subject.

Interpretive: An interpretive essay is when a writer is interpreting another author’s work. Narrative (Tells a story) Personal Statement/Anecdote: A personal statement is a narrative that provides a glimpse into the author’s traits and their personality.

Research A research essay makes the writer analyze the works of other writers to compare their ideas and thoughts with their own. It involves researching source material and synthesizing what they learn from it with their own ideas.

Timed Document Based Question (DBQ): A document-based question shows how the topic under discussion related to the time period or subject you’re focusing on. You must study and examine the documents provided to you in order to prove a point.

Synthesis: A synthesis essay incorporates support from different sources which contain different views on the topic you’re discussing.

Strategies/Planning Tips/Steps – Pre-writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining: In order to plan and organize your essay, you should always start off with brainstorming to come up with ideas that you want. Once you finish that, you can pick and choose

what you like and what you don’t like, then you can organize it in an outline. Once you have that, it makes it easier to make your essay.

Researching/Evaluating of Sources: Any resource can be used to support your arguments as long as they are reliable and credible. You can evaluate sources of information by examining them for accuracy, coverage, objectivity, and authority.

Work Cited Page – MLA Format: MLA (Modern Language Association) format is mainly used to cite sources within liberal arts and humanities. Writers who use this build up their credibility by demonstrating accountability to their source material. EX: Lapidus, Lenora M. “The War on Drugs = A War on Women and Families.” American Civil Liberties Union, American Civil Liberties Union, 9 July 2018, www.aclu.org/blog/smart-justice/sentencing-reform/war-drugs-war-womenand-families.

APA Format: APA (American Psychological Association) style is most used for citing sources within social sciences. The contributor’s names and the last edited date should be included in the citation. EX: Lapidus, L. M. (2018, July 9). The War on Drugs = A War on Women and Families. https://www.aclu.org/blog/smart-justice/sentencing-reform/war-drugs-war-women-andfamilies.