The Minecraft Book of Writing by Bravo Grammar Con Online

BY: Andrew GutierrezÂ

By Andrew GutierrezÂ

Table of contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………..4 Author/Dedication…………………………………………………………………….5 Section 1: Punctuation and capitalization…………………………………….6 Section 2: Parts of Speech………………………………………………………….8 Section 3: Phrases and Clauses…………………………………………………16 Section 4:Sentences………………………………………………………………..19 Section 5:Paragraphs……………………………………………………………...23 Section 6:Essays……………………………………………………………………..27

IntroductionÂ Minecraft, almost everyone has either played it or at least heard of it. How many hours have you put into making your base or mining with the boys? Imagine what would happen if you spent that time working on how to write properly. With that being said this is the most valuable resource to anyone who has played Minecraft for longer than 3 seconds as it will help you learn to write. This book has been confirmed to change illiterate people into college graduate level writing chads.

Author/dedication

Hello, my name is Andrew. I am 16 years old and the youngest of my family. Background information is not needed.I am what you call a “gamer”, an epic one if you will. I have been playing videogames all my life. I find it fun to play with friends and talk about them to people. I have spent far too many hours playing Minecraft. I have played it on and off ever since my brother showed it to me when I was really small. My multiple 100 hours playing Minecraft makes me a Minecraft expert. Therefore it makes me a credible source to make a book about Minecraft and with the aid of my teacher I was able to make a mainstay stable in english writing and literature. Hopefully this book will help you learn how to write as much as it helped me to make it. Dedicated to Mojang, the company that made minecraft, for making such an influential game that I have been playing for a long long time.

SECTION 1

PUNCTUATION and CAPITALIZATION Punctuation 1. Period . (Ends a declarative sentence or abbreviates mr. or dr.) Ex. I had fun playing Minecraft. 2. Comma , (means what's in the front and back of the comma can be swapped) Ex. I went into the cave and got Iron, gold, redstone, and diamonds. 3. Em dash — (can replace almost any punctuation mark) Ex. The Endermen have a dangerous home — The End. 4. En dash - (used to bring words together or used to span a range of numbers) Ex. I like 3-5 songs on the C418 album. 5. Colon : (Whatever comes after it has relation to what was before the colon) Ex. Caves in minecraft contain: iron , gold , diamonds. 6. SemiColon ; (separates 2 independent clauses) Ex. The mines are dangerous; mobs spawn if you don't put torches down. 7. Question mark ? (Used to end an interrogative sentence) Ex. Did you take the diamonds from the chest? 8. Exclamation point ! (Used to end an Exclamatory sentence) Ex. I found diamonds! 9. Apostrophe ‘ (used for contractions and possession) Ex. I can't really afford to make a diamond pickaxe. 10. Quotation marks “ ” (used to quote or dialogue) Ex. Steve said “I will trade you 32 sticks for an emerald”. 11. Ellipses … (used to shorten sentences/remove something) Ex. He went into the scary world of The End . . . that's where the enderman lives. 12. Brackets [ ] (used to add something to a sentence) Ex. He [steve] went to go trade with the villagers. 13. Parenthesis ( ) (used to add information that is not necessary) Ex. Steve's adventure (that was 2 days long) was stopped at a screeching halt. 14. Slash / (Used to indicate options) Ex. The player uses his/her hand to punch trees.

Capitalization 1. Capitalize the First Word of a Sentence Ex: I went to the mineshaft for diamonds. 2. Capitalize Names and Other Proper Nouns Ex:Steve and Alex both went to the mineshaft. 3. Don’t Capitalize After a Colon (Usually) Ex: Caves in minecraft contain: iron , gold , diamonds. 4. Capitalize the First Word of a Quote (Sometimes) Ex: Steve said “I will trade you 32 sticks for an emerald”. 5. Capitalize Days, Months, and Holidays, But Not Seasons Ex: Minecraft was released May, 2009. 6. Capitalize Most Words in Titles Ex Minecraft has many songs from the album C418. 7. Capitalize Cities, Countries, Nationalities, and Languages Ex: Minecraft was made by Mojang ,a Swedish developer. 8. Capitalize Time Periods and Events (Sometimes) Ex: For a period there was a Golden Age of minecraft videos on youtube.

Section 2

PARTS OF SPEECH NOUNS Types of nouns: Common Nouns: name a class of people, places, things, or ideas. EX:villager, village, temple, jungle, armor.

· Proper Nouns: give the name or title of a particular person, place, thing, or idea (must be capitalized). EX: Steve, Alex , Ender dragon. · Compound Nouns: consist of words used together to form a single noun. EX:cobblestone, sandstone ,bookshelf.

· Concrete Nouns: refer to material things, to people, or to places. EX: torch, ladder, window. · Abstract Nouns: name ideas, qualities, concepts, emotions, or attitudes. EX: nether, defeat, ender.

Functions (How nouns are used): · ·

Subject (comes before the verb) Steve attacked the pillagers who were raiding the village.

Direct Object (comes after the verb and answers what or whom) Steve asked Alex to craft him a pickaxe so they could mine later.

· Indirect Object (answers to who or to whom) Alex gave the pickaxe to Him when they went to the mineshaft.

PRONOUNS Pronouns take the place of nouns that have been established. Personal: Nominative (subjects) Objective (objects) I/we me/us you/you you/you He, she, it, one/they him, her, it, one/them Possessive My, mine Your, yours His, her, hers, its, one’s

our, ours your, yours their, theirs 8

Relative: Nominative who That

Objective whom that those/ this

Possessive whose of that

Interrogative: who, which, what, whatever, whoever Reflexive: (personal pronouns plus the suffix –self o r –selves) Used only: when the action verb is directed toward the subject of the construction: Steve makes himself m ore tools than his friends Alex crafted herself more food. to intensify a point: Steve himself went to The End to face the Ender Dragon. Demonstrative: this, these

that, those

Indefinite: all, another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, few, many, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, somebody, someone, such.

VERBS Verbs show the time, action, and state of being of a subject. Tense: verbs indicate time via tenses: simple past past past perfect past progressive

simple present present present perfect present progressive

present perfect progressive future future perfect

Types: There are at least eleven (11) types of verbs:

auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) linking verbs (verbs that do not describe action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other parts of the sentence – usually the predicate) lexical verbs (main verbs) dynamic verbs (indicate action) stative verbs (describe a condition) finitive verbs (indicate tense) nonfinitive verbs (infinitives or participles) regular verbs (weak verbs) irregular verbs (strong verbs) transitive verbs (verbs followed by a direct object) intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take direct objects)

Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The English language has two voices: ACTIVE and PASSIVE. Active: The villagers got their emeralds from the trader. Passive: The trader has brought the emeralds to the villagers.Verbals: (VERB FORMS NOT USED AS VERBS) Gerund: word ending in “ing” used as a noun. · Steve was fighting t he Ender Dragon. Participle: word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as an adjective Alex went to scavenge an abandoned village. Steve used the crafting t able to make tools. Infinitive: verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs Steve likes to sleep at night.

ADJECTIVES

Adjectives modify, describe, limit, and identify nouns and pronouns. · Kinds: Demonstrative, Common, Proper Ex. abandoned

ADVERBS Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. · Endings Ex. hungrily, backwards · Conversions Ex. “Hungry” becomes “hungrily”, “haste” becomes “hastily”, and “instant” becomes “instantly”. · Types: 10

Manner, Frequency, Degree, Place, Time Example Types: (Create one example each related to your subject) Manner – Steve ran to his house quickly. (How did he run?) Time – Alex will make the diamond pickaxe immediately. (When will she make the pickaxe?) Place – Steve's friend was willingly here earlier today to get some resources. (Where was he?) Degree –- Alex’s exceptionally enchanted armor was nothing to look over. (How good is her armor?) Frequency – Steve is consistently up in the morning to go to the mineshaft. (How often is he at the mineshaft?)

CONJUNCTIONS Coordinating (FANBOYS): for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Correlative: Either/or; neither/nor; not only/but also; both/and; whether/or; as/so Subordinate: after, though as, as if, as long as, as thought, because, before, if, in order that, provided that, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while Relative pronouns: who (refers to people), which (refers to non living object or animals), that (may refer to animals or nonliving objects)

PREPOSITIONS Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence. Prepositions are NEVER followed by verbs. There are one-word prepositions and complex prepositions. These are some common one-word prepositions:

aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except excluding for, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding, of, off, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, 11

opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without. INTERJECTIONS Interjections are the final part of speech.

Transitions of Logic Chart

Milder

Stronger

Addition

a further and and then then also too next another other nor

further furthermore moreover in addition additionally besides again equally important first, second finally, last

Comparison

just as ... so too a similar another... like

similarly comparable in the same way likewise

Contrast

but yet and yet still otherwise or though but another rather

however still nevertheless on the other hand on the contrary even so notwithstanding for all that in contrast alternatively at the same time though this may be otherwise instead nonetheless conversely

Time

then now soon afterward later shortly earlier recently first, second, third next before after today tomorrow

meanwhile at length presently at last finally immediately thereafter at that time subsequently eventually currently in the meantime in the past in the future

Purpose

to do this so that

to this end with this object for this purpose for that reason because of this in order to

Place

there here beyond nearby next to

at that point opposite to adjacent to on the other side in the front in the back

Result

so and so then

hence therefore accordingly consequently thus thereupon as a result in consequence

Example

that is specifically in particular for one thing

for example for instance an instance of this this can be seen in

Summary and Emphasis

in sum generally after all by the way in general incidentally naturally I hope at least it seems in brief I suppose

in short on the whole as I said in other words to be sure in fact indeed clearly of course anyway remarkably I think assuredly definitely without doubt for all that on the whole in any event importantly certainly

Section 3

PHRASES and CLAUSES Phrases – groups of words that function as a part of speech. Noun Phrase: A group of words consisting of nouns or pronouns and their modifiers that function as a noun. All the villagers really wanted to trade their goods Verb Phrase: A group of words consisting of verbs working together and that function as a verb. The pillagers knew they would be raiding the village. Prepositional Phrase: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and functions as an adjective or an adverb. Steve was hiding under the ground Appositive Phrase: A group of words that include all the words that modify an appositive and function as an adjective - IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BY COMMAS. Steve , a main character, went to make a house with the materials he got. Verbal Phrases: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun. ● Gerund Phrase verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun. Jumping up the hill, Steve made it to the top. ● Participial Phrase word ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed (past participle) that functions as an adjective. Alex had quickly left the abandoned village ● Infinitive Phrase verb preceded by the word “to” (to read, to study, to write) that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Steve knew it was finally time to rest through the night.

CLAUSES Clauses – groups of words with BOTH a subject and a verb that function as parts of speech. There are TWO kinds: Independent and Dependent (called “Subordinate”)

INDEPENDENT – CAN stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern. In Minecraft the main goal is to defeat the ender dragon. DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) – CANNOT stand alone as a complete sentence and MUST begin with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION. There are seven (7) kinds: Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive. ○ Where she spawned in really gave her all she needed. ○ Please give whoever spawns a warm welcome. ○ That the villagers were hurt was totally obvious. ○ Steve wisely checked what he had for equipment. Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause. Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word: ○ This is the village where villagers happily do well. (“where” is an introductory word) ○ There is the armor and tools that I absolutely needed. ○ The diamonds that you wanted are clearly not within your grasp. Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns: ■ Steve is obviously the one who got the most ores and diamonds. (ONE is the antecedent of WHO and is modified by the adjective clause.) ■ There goes the Iron Golem whose mean to mobs.(Iron Golem is the antecedent of whose and is modified by the adjective clause.) ■ Steve told Alex of the extreme dangers that the caves have. ■ Is this the enchanted book that you so desperately want? (that is the direct object of want) ■ The villager was a trader whom he asked to barter. ■ (whom is the direct object of asked.) ■ The pickaxe to which you mine with has been broken. (which is the object of the preposition to. ) ■ Steve is a survivalist who easily overcomes a challenge.(who is the subject of overcomes. ) Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced by a subordinate conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession. Modifying verbs: 17

■ They hid all of their ores in a redstone contraption where a few could see. (place) ■ When the sun came out, the mobs burned. (time) ■ Steve slowly fled the cave because he was hungry. ■ Steve talked as if he were trying to bargain with the villagers.(condition) Modifying adjectives: ■ The night seemed to be twice as long as the day.(how much) ■ Alex is as much a survivalist as Steve.(to what extent) Modifying adverbs: ■ The Enderman teleported more often than he typically does.(condition) Relative Clauses: Dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun. ○ The player who finds diamonds first will earn an achievement. Elliptical Clauses: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted. ○ When running, the player loses more hunger . Essential Clauses: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence. ○ The ore that most interest players is obviously diamond. Nonessential Clauses: Clauses that are NOT necessary to the meaning of the sentence. ○ Steve's adventure, which started years ago , is finally over.

Section 4

SENTENCES Sentence – a set of words that contains a subject and a predicate and conveys a statement, command, question, or an exclamation.

Sentence Parts Subject – what/who the sentence is about Steve went to his house to go sleep. Predicate – what the subject does Steve went to his house to go sleep.

Sentence Types Declarative – a sentence that makes a statement (ends with a period mark) Making pickaxes with better ores lets you mine faster. Imperative – a sentence that makes a command (ends with a period mark) Make better pickaxes right now. Interrogative – a sentence that asks a question (ends with a question mark) Why wont you make better pickaxes? Exclamatory – a sentence that expresses great emotion, passion, excitement (ends with an exclamation mark) That pickaxe mines so fast!

Sentence Patterns Simple Sentence: A sentence that is just one independent clause. Steve went to his mineshaft to get ores.

Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clauses - connected by FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) or a semicolon (;). Mining obsidian takes time, but it can only break with a diamond pickaxe. Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. When you go to mine, bringing torches helps you see ores.

Complex-Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. When you want wood,bring an axe with you, and don't use your hands.

Loose Sentence: A sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction (either a clause or phrase) with your main point at the beginning. Using diamonds to make tools makes your life easier , no matter how long it takes to find them.

Periodic Sentence: A sentence in which the independent clause is given at the end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense with the main point coming at the end. No matter how long it takes to find them, using diamonds to make tools makes your life easier.

Parallel Structure: A sentence using the same pattern of two or more verbs or ideas that match in tense or structure to show that they are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written - this sentence requires symmetry. Diamond tools tend to have more durability, to mine faster , and to cost more to make.

Balanced Sentence: A sentence where phrases or clauses at the beginning and the end parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length - this sentence requires symmetry. In Minecraft you usually throw your old pickaxe away and make new pickaxes.

Chiasmus: A sentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or clauses) in inverted (reversed) order - this sentence requires symmetry. Minecraft players make the community what it is and it wouldn't be there without them.

Asyndeton: A sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. Steve shows endurance, agility, intelligence, strength.

Polysyndeton: A sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. Steve shows his strength and endurance,but only after he eats. Anaphora: A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention. The Ender Dragon boss fight can be the hardest boss fight in the game, for others it can be the easiest boss fight in the game, but most will say it's the longest boss fight in the game.

Epistrophe: A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words. When you want diamonds you often spend your day in the mineshaft, your nights in the mineshaft, your off time wondering where the next diamond is located in the mineshaft.

Sentence Errors Run-On/Rambling/Fused Sentence – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly without punctuation. Mining obsidian with a wooden pickaxe takes forever a diamond pickaxe can mine obsidian faster you get the block.[wrong] Mining obsidian with a wooden pickaxe takes forever,but a diamond pickaxe can mine obsidian faster and you get the block.[right]

Comma Splice – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly using commas 21

he player was not working on their house, they needed to work on their farm, Steve T was dying of starvation.[WRONG] The player was not working on their house . They needed to work on their farm; Steve was dying of starvation.[RIGHT]

Fragment – incomplete sentence pieces that are not connected to or do not form an independent clause Because Steve was hungry. [WRONG] Because Steve was hungry, he could not run.[RIGHT] Misplaced/Dangling Modifiers – modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description; a misplaced modifier describes the wrong part of a sentence and a dangling modifier is missing the part it’s supposed to modify In Alex’s house, she ate a steak on the table that was medium rare. [WRONG] In Alex’s house, she ate a steak that was medium rare on the table. [RIGHT]

Double Negative – combining two or more negative words in a sentence in a way that is supposed to produce a positive force The skeleton wouldnt not shoot the wolf that was attacking them. [WRONG] The skeleton would not shoot the wolf that was attacking them. [RIGHT]

Section 5

PARAGRAPHS Paragraphs – a group of sentences that together convey a shared purpose structured around the same topic.

This section has nothing to do with Minecraft and focuses on the book Maus Introductory Paragraphs (Introductions) Hook (Lead) – can begin with the title Anecdotal (Brief story to set the mood and lead the reader into the topic) Ex. In today's society we are allowed to live “comfortably” and a majority have taken it for granted, but during World War II it was more about getting out of your comfort zone. Once Japan launched an attack on American soil,in 1941, we joined World War II. While the United States were gathering people to go to war, Germany was gathering people for mass gencide. At the time, Germany's leader thought it was the right thing to do, but they didn't know this would become one of the most infamous decisions of all time. Query Based (Question that brings the reader to the topic - avoid second person POV “you”) Ex. Does the statement “all is fair in love and war” hold true in reality. Thesis Statements (the purpose of a piece of writing – usually one sentence in length, but can be longer depending on the purpose – must be something that is arguable) Assertion (claim - a subject + a “so what” about the subject) Ex. All is fair in war holds true in reality and it should be changed. Fact (empirically verifiable but often difficult to argue extensively about - better used as evidence to support a claim) Ex. People die in war. Opinion (personal position on a topic) Ex. Morals are challenged in war. Belief (social, religious, or political in nature – an opinion held by many to be a fact, though it is not necessarily factual – often involves a judgement) Ex. Death caused by war is sinfully wrong. Generalization (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never, 23

none, most, half – avoid using this type of thesis statement unless citing the source of the data) Ex. War always has consequences that outweigh the benefits. Document Based (cites a specific source, author, and position on a topic) Ex. In Maus, Art Spiegelman shows the negative effects of wars and how they can cause problems for people and communities by telling a story about a holocoust survivor . Theory (a statement that can be tested and potentially proven - often answers a research question) Ex. Wars have a negative effect on the people who lived through them. Clarification/Expansion of Thesis (could extend the thesis, preview the evidence supporting the thesis, give the purpose of thesis, establish the importance or significance of examining the intricacies of the thesis – this could be several sentences long) Ex. Spiegelman adds onto his claim by showing how it separated his community, such as the dialogue and interactions between characters and how they treat each other during the time of World War II.(preview of evidence) Ex. The author provides dialogue of greed/selfishness between him and his family to show the how cutthroat it was to be jewish in Germany at the time.(purpose of thesis) Ex. This information about the connection between fast food and potential health outcomes might lead to crucial reforms in the food industry. (establishing the importance or significance of thesis) Ex. This information connecting the War and how it started to split his family can show how it affected the communities affected by war negatively.

Body Paragraphs (must have echoes of the thesis in each AND present evidence to support or expand on the thesis) Topic Sentences (must specifically indicate the topic of the paragraph and focus on one subject and/or area of evidence or support – could start with a “Transition of Logic” that connects to the previous paragraph to give context) Ex. Additionally, multiple sources indicate that the consumption of fast food has a dramatic impact on health. 24

Ex. Additionally, other sources show that the effects of war can cause communities to be broken through greed. (Now every sentence in this paragraph must be related to the connection between fast food and health) Presenting Evidence from Quotations (quotes should NEVER be used as individual sentences – quotes should be embedded within sentences) Original Quote -”At that time it wasn' t anymore families. It was everybody to take care for himself"

Ex. According to the author “At that time it wasn't anymore families. It was everybody to take care for himself" (Spiegelman 103). Ex. “At that time it wasn't anymore families. It was everybody to take care for himself" according to the author (Spiegelman 103). Ex. Unfortunately for victims of war “At that time it wasn't anymore families. It was everybody to take care for himself" according to the author (Spiegelman 103). Ex. unfortunately for victims of war “At that time it wasn' t anymore families. It was everybody to take care for[themselves]"(Spiegelman 103). Ex. Unfortunately for victims of war “At that time … it was everybody … for himself" according to the author (Spiegelman 103). Examining the Evidence Paraphrasing (rewording of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but still citing the source - useful for examining the quote and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) Original Quote -”At that time it wasn' t anymore families. It was everybody to take care for himself"

Ex. paraphrase- at the time it was everyone for themself (Spielgelman 103). Summarizing (condensing larger quotes or sections - useful for closing the examination of the quote/evidence and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) Original Quote -”At that time it wasn' t anymore families. It was everybody to take care for himself"

Ex. SUMMARY – Everyone only cares for themself Abstract Examples (hypothetical, “what if” examples that do not refer to a source AVOID USING THEM AS EVIDENCE – but useful for examining the quote) Ex. People would have empathy for others if they weren't affected by war 25

Concrete Examples (actual examples that do refer to a source – useful for enhancing your analysis of the quote) Ex. A study in the November 2011 New England Journal of Medicine shows that the average person stands to lose 12 pounds in any given year that they eliminate fast food from their regular diet. Ex. A study found by the national health institute shows that the level of perceived negative impact of war-related events was found to be strongly associated with higher levels of depressive symptomatology among mothers. Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word – possibly an adverb – and should echo the thesis of the essay) Ex. Clearly, valid studies and experiences prove that war negatively affects people socially and mentally.

Closing Paragraphs (Conclusions – should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay) Consequences of Disregarding the Thesis (establishing the potential consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – CREATING A COUNTERARGUMENT – could be one or more sentences) Ex. If war did not negatively affect the people who lived through it then there wouldn't be studies to prove higher depression rates of those people. Statement(s) of Extension (extending the consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – could be one or more sentences) Ex. As such, the increased rate of depression in people correlates to those who have lived through major wars. Reestablishing the Significance of the Thesis (could be one or more sentences) Ex. Thus, this infamous act in history caused major negative impacts to those who were put through Germany's mass genocides. Final Sentence (connects to the hook and finishes the essay (finish your argument) – the “Smoky the Bear”/”Drop the mic”/dot dot dot moment…) Ex. So given all the health problems associated with fast food, maybe the meals children receive as rewards are not so happy after all… Ex. So given the negative effects that war has on the psyche, we should consider what we are really gathering people for. . .

Section 6

ESSAYS Essays – A short non fiction writing that discusses one specific topic. Types – Persuasive (Argumentative) Is used to convince the reader to do something or to not do something Expository (Informative) Definition A definition essay defines an idea or thing Description A descriptive essay is used to describe something to make the reader feel,hear,taste,see, or smell the thing described Process (How-to) A process essay is used to rundown the process of making or doing something so the audience can understand how to do said process after reading it Compare and Contrast A comparison essay is used to compare,contrast, or both between 2 similar/different things Cause and Effect A cause and effect essay is used to let the reader know the cause of something, and how that affects other things. Analytical/Critical Evaluative/Interpretive An evaluative essay is used to evaluate something on their benefits and detriments. Narrative (Tells a story) Personal Statement/Anecdote A narrative essay is used to narrate a short story but in an essay format. Research A research essay usually revolves around a research question to answer other specific questions from research

Timed Document Based Question (DBQ) A Dbq is an essay that focuses on answering short questions while using prior knowledge and sources to support your claims Synthesis

A synthesis essay is used to synthesize ideas to judge their merits and detriments Strategies/Planning Tips/Steps – Pre-writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining First plan out your essay in a chart or write down your main ideas. Next you should look at the prompt given. Then make an outline of your essay and make adjustments till you have fully addressed the prompt and made corrections. Work Cited Page –MLA Format ● Double spaced ● Page header ● Title page not required ● Work cited page ● Can be used with most essays ● Citation :“At that time it wasn't anymore families. It was everybody to take care for himself" (Spiegelman 103) APA Format ● Double spaced ● Page header ● Title page required ● Reference page ● Usually for research papers ● Citation : “At that time it wasn't anymore families. It was everybody to take care for himself" (Spiegelman, 1991, pg 103)

The End