The Netflix Book of Writing by Bravo Grammar Con Online

The Netflix Book of Writing

By: Melanie Viramontes

The Netflix Book of Writing

By: Melanie Viramontes

Table of Contents Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….... 3 About the Author …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Punctuation and Capitalization ………………………………………………………………………….. 5 Parts of Speech ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7 Phrases and Clauses ……………………………………............................................................ 17 Sentences ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20 Paragraphs ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24 Essays …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 29 Dedication …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 34

Introduction This book includes all types of grammar! We all know how frustrating English can be when learning all the rules that come within.

Fortunately, I have created this book of

writing that teaches you every little detail of writing and its rules. However, this book is not a normal, boring book.

added a little twist to make it entertaining while learning as well.

You get to read about your favorite Netflix shows,

favorite Netflix movies or anything you can find on Netflix while learning about writing!

All of the examples provided

within this book have something that correlates to Netflix. SO sit back and relax.

Don't forget to grab a snack and

enjoy!

About the Author Hi! My name is Melanie Viramontes and I am currently 16 years old. I am a middle child. I enjoy being the middle child because I get to experience having an older and younger sibling! People always ask do I have any hobbies? Sadly not any interesting ones, because every time I try finding a hobby like painting or drawing or attempting to play the piano I get frustrated at myself because I can’t perfect it that exact same day. I’m currently still trying to find something I’m good at other than watching Netflix all day. Ever since I was in elementary school I’ve always wanted to become an actress but because the industry is so hard to get into, my other dream is to work as a lawyer or work with the government. Now to finish this off tacos are my favorite food, I hope to have a husky and a golden retriever in the future, and on Sundays I wake up to Spanish music and my mom forcing me to clean the house.

SECTION 1 PUNCTUATION and CAPITALIZATION Punctuation – Identify the function and create one (1) example sentence of the uses for each mark. 1. 2. 3.

5. 6.

7. 8. 9.

10.

11.

. Period (used to end a sentence)- Clay was devastated by Hannah's death. , Comma (used to separate in a list)- Justin's death towards the end of the show was very shocking, sudden, devastating, and depressing. – Em dash (can take the place of commas, parentheses, or colons)- Hannah released tapes after her death – exposing the horrendous acts her classmates did towards her – ruining their reputation. - Hyphen (the formation of compound terms)- Bryce was a well- known student in the school which made Hannah’s accusation seem as lies because he was being defended by the school. : Colon (used to introduce a list of items)- Outer Banks’ main characters are: Sara, John B, JJ, Pope, and Kiara. ; Semicolon (used between two independent clauses)- The Pogues are the working class, citizens who make a living bussing tables, washing yachts, and running charters; the Kooks are the wealthy and rich people. ? Question mark (used at the end of a direct question)- Will John B find out what happened to his father that went missing? ! Exclamation point (used at the end of a sentence to show excitement/ emotion)- Pope confessed his love for Kiara! ‘ Apostrophe (has three uses: contractions, plurals, possessives)- Elle begins to fall in love with her childhood friend after she emphasizes that she wouldn’t in the beginning of the movie. “ ” Quotation marks (used to indicate a direct quote or used to mark titles of shorter pieces of work)- Elle and Lee had a specific rule as best friends that stated, “Always go to the same school as your bestie.” … Ellipses (three periods used to indicate an omission or a trailing off of a thought)- Elle and Lee are best friends ... after Elle’s college decision maybe not so anymore.

2. 3.

[ ] Brackets (used for clarification)- Elle and Noah end up becoming a couple and Lee [Noah’s brother] isn't too delighted about it. ( ) Parentheses (used to give additional information)- Laura Jean (the main character) wrote love letters to all five of her crushes. / Slash (used for per, or, and)- Laura Jean becomes frustrated/ angry at her younger sister, Covey, after she mails out the love letters to all her crushes.

EX: Comma (used to switch words around in a list) – Students at Bravo can freely choose between AP World History, AP US History, AP Government, and AP European History. Capitalization – Identify and create one (1) example sentence for each rule of capitalization. 1. Please list the rules of capitalization here EX: (Used to begin a sentence) – Sadly for some, 11th grade is the year with the most high-stakes testing.

SECTION 2 PARTS OF SPEECH NOUNS

Types of nouns: (list three to five words of each type)

· Common Nouns: name a class of people, places, things, or ideas. EX: the Pogues, high school, love letters, support group. · Proper Nouns: give the name or title of a particular person, place, thing, or idea (must be capitalized). EX: Outer Banks, London, Legacy High School. · Compound Nouns: consist of words used together to form a single noun. EX: yearbook, classroom, blindfold, notebook. · Concrete Nouns: refer to material things, to people, or to places. EX: camera, tapes, yachts, money. · Abstract Nouns: name ideas, qualities, concepts, emotions, or attitudes. EX: brave, competitive, compassionate.

Functions (How nouns are used): Write one sentence for each function. · Subject (comes before the verb) Enola Holmes ran away from her toxic household., · Direct Object (comes after the verb and answers what or whom) Hannah asked Tony to release her pre-recorded tapes after her death. · Indirect Object (answers to who or to whom) Spencer received surgery on his leg after getting shot by his enemy. PRONOUNS Pronouns take the place of nouns that have been established.

Personal: Nominative (subjects) I/we you/you He, she, it, one/they

My, mine Your, yours His, her, hers, its, one’s

Objective (objects) me/us you/you him, her, it, one/them Possessive our, ours your, yours their, theirs

Relative: Nominative Possessive who whose That of that

Objective whom that those/ this

Interrogative: who, which, what, whatever, whoever Reflexive: (personal pronouns plus the suffix –self or –selves) Used only: when the action verb is directed toward the subject of the construction: Spencer is harsh on himself when it comes to his football career. to intensify a point: JJ himself was able to tackle his tough dad. Demonstrative: this, these, that, those

Indefinite: all, another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, few many, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, somebody, someone, such. VERBS Verbs show the time, action, and state of being of a subject. Tense: verbs indicate time via tenses:

simple past past past perfect past progressive simple present present present perfect present progressive present perfect progressive future future perfect

Types: There are at least eleven (11) types of verbs: auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) linking verbs (verbs that do not describe action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other parts of the sentence â&#x20AC;&#x201C; usually the predicate) lexical verbs (main verbs) dynamic verbs (indicate action) stative verbs (describe a condition) finitive verbs (indicate tense) nonfinitive verbs (infinitives or participles) regular verbs (weak verbs) irregular verbs (strong verbs) transitive verbs (verbs followed by a direct object) intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take direct objects)

Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The English language has two voices: ACTIVE and PASSIVE. Active: Jamal got to the roller world money before anyone else did. Passive: The sea brought clues to the Pogues. Verbals: (VERB FORMS NOT USED AS VERBS) Gerund: word ending in “ing” used as a noun. · Tyler loves photographing random items and people in his free time. Participle: word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as an adjective · Elle and Lee drove into the parking lot of the school on their first day back. · Elle’s once crushed dream of going to college with Noah can actually become a reality. Infinitive: verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs · Clay told everyone to go into hiding after it was announced that there was a possible shooter at the school dance. ADJECTIVES Adjectives modify, describe, limit, and identify nouns and pronouns. · Kinds: Demonstrative, Common, Proper (Give one example of each using words related to your subject) - Spooky was not afraid of those gang members on the other street. - Laura Jean had not seen John Ambrose after a long time so she was nervous while encountering him again. - Devi comes from an Indian background since both her parents are from India. ADVERBS Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. · Endings (Create one example related to your subject for each) - Devi’s dad sadly passed away so she had to deal with that trauma at a young age - Elle began dating her best friend's brother and didn't tell her bestfriend afterwards. - If the ending of On My Block is true I would only be delighted for the lifestyle Spooky chose, otherwise I would prefer the ending to be false.

Conversions: Examples: enjoy becomes enjoyably, happy becomes happily, love becomes lovingly · Types: Manner, Frequency, Degree, Place, Time Example Types: (Create one example each related to your subject) Manner – Kavinsky carefully took Laura Jean back home after it began snowing and she was too scared to drive. (How did he take her back?)

Time – Jen attempted to quickly get rid of Steve's dead body. (When will she get rid of the body?) Place – It was shown that Clay willingly spray painted the walls. (Where did he spray paint?) Degree – The pogues exceptionally good work at discovering clues of John B’s missing father cannot be over-recognized. (How good are they?) Frequency – Society in the movie, Birdbox, have to consistently wear blindfolds so that they aren't killed. (How often do they wear blindfolds?) 11

CONJUNCTIONS Coordinating (FANBOYS): for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Correlative: Either/or; neither/nor; not only/but also; both/and; whether/or; as/so Subordinate: after, though as, as if, as long as, as thought, because, before, if, in order that, provided that, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while Relative pronouns: who (refers to people), which (refers to non living object or animals), that (may refer to animals or nonliving objects) PREPOSITIONS Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence. Prepositions are NEVER followed by verbs. There are one-word prepositions and complex prepositions. These are some common one-word prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except excluding for, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding, of, off, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without. 12

INTERJECTIONS Interjections are the final part of speech. A aha, ahem, ahh, ahoy, alas, arg, aw. B bam, bingo, blah, boo, bravo, brrr. C cheers, congratulations. D dang, drat, darn, duh.

E eek, eh, encore, eureka. F fiddlesticks.

G gadzooks, gee, gee whiz, golly, goodbye, goodness, good grief, gosh H hallelujah, holy cow, holy smokes, hurray I ick, is it, ixnay

J jeez, just a second, just kidding K kapish

L la, lo, look here, lordy

M man, meh, my my, my word N nah, never, no, not, nuts

O oh, oh dear, ouch, oops, ow Q quite

R rah, rats, right, right on S shh, shoo

T thanks, there, tut-tut U uh-huh, uh-oh, ugh

V very nice, very well, vroom W wahoo, well, whoa, whoops Y yeah, yes, yikes, yuck X xoxo

Z zap, zowie, zzz

Transitions of Logic Chart Milder

Stronger

Addition

a further and and then then also too next another other nor

further furthermore moreover in addition additionally besides again equally important first, second finally, last

Comparison

just as ... so too a similar another... like

similarly comparable in the same way likewise

Contrast

but yet and yet still otherwise or though but another rather

however still nevertheless on the other hand on the contrary even so notwithstanding for all that in contrast alternatively at the same time though this may be otherwise instead nonetheless conversely

Time

then now soon afterward later shortly earlier recently first, second, third next before after today tomorrow

meanwhile at length presently at last finally immediately thereafter at that time subsequently eventually currently in the meantime in the past in the future

Purpose

to do this so that

to this end with this object for this purpose for that reason because of this in order to

Place

there here beyond nearby next to

at that point opposite to adjacent to on the other side in the front in the back 15

Result

so and so then

hence therefore accordingly consequently thus thereupon as a result in consequence

Example

that is specifically in particular for one thing

for example for instance an instance of this this can be seen in

Summary and Emphasis

in sum generally after all by the way in general incidentally naturally I hope at least it seems in brief I suppose

in short on the whole as I said in other words to be sure in fact indeed clearly of course anyway remarkably I think assuredly definitely without doubt for all that on the whole in any event importantly certainly

SECTION 3 PHRASES and CLAUSES Phrases – groups of words that function as a part of speech. Noun Phrase: A group of words consisting of nouns or pronouns and their modifiers that function as a noun. All of the Kooks hated being around the Pogues nor did they want to be seen around with them. Verb Phrase: A group of words consisting of verbs working together and that function as a verb. Enola knew she had to team up with Tewkesbury while trying to make it out of the woods on their own. Prepositional Phrase: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and functions as an adjective or an adverb. Zach was one of the few people to see Bryce at the dock before his death. Appositive Phrase: A group of words that include all the words that modify an appositive and function as an adjective - IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BY COMMAS. Lara Jean’s little sister, Kitty, mailed out all of Laura Jean’s love letters to her childhood crushes. Verbal Phrases: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun. ● Gerund Phrase verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun. Running throughout the whole school, Clay began hallucinating. ● Participial Phrase word ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed (past participle) that functions as an adjective. One of the many frightening experiences Cesar went through was when he confronted his rivals at their house. ● Infinitive Phrase verb preceded by the word “to” (to read, to study, to write) that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Spencer was passionate about football so the Bakers knew they had to adopt him, so he can continue his football career at Beverly HS.

CLAUSES Clauses – groups of words with BOTH a subject and a verb that function as parts of speech. There are TWO kinds: Independent and Dependent (called “Subordinate”) INDEPENDENT – CAN stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern. Monse meets her mom for the first time in season two. DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) – CANNOT stand alone as a complete sentence and MUST begin with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION. There are seven (7) kinds: Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive. ○ That Spencer was happy was absolutely obvious after finding out he could play football again. Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause. Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word: ○ The song started playing at the dance, the one that reminded Clay of Hannah. Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns: ■ Olivia is obviously the one who got the most votes. (ONE is the antecedent of WHO and is modified by the adjective clause.) ■ There goes the teacher whose class is usually biology. (TEACHER is the antecedent of whose and is modified by the adjective clause.) ■ Science class informatively teaches how relative humidity is the amount of water vapor that the air contains. ■ Is this the book that you so vehemently want? (that is the direct object of want) ■ Tina is the girl whom he shyly asked to the dance. (whom is the direct object of asked.) ■ The recommendation letter to which you refer has sadly been lost. (which is the object of the preposition to.) ■ Samantha is an athlete who easily shrugs off criticism. (who is the subject of shrugs.) 18

Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced by a subordinate conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession. The police suspected Clay to have killed Bryce because he seemed to be the one who hated him the most. (purpose) Modifying verbs: ■ They unfortunately put the bus sign where a few could see it. (place) ■ When the bell finally rang, everyone left. (time) ■ We sluggishly left the library because we were tired. (purpose) ■ The ASB president talked as if she were passionately running for re-election. (condition) Modifying adjectives: ■ Spring semester coldly seems twice as long as it used to be. (how much) ■ Mr. Russell is as amusingly funny as his uncle. (to what extent) Modifying adverbs: ■ Suzy studied harder than her sisters typically did. (condition) Relative Clauses: Dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun. ○ Lara Jean saw Kavinsky hugging his ex which made her think he was cheating on her. Elliptical Clauses: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted. ○ When picking out an outfit, Cher enjoys asking her computer for ideas.. Essential Clauses: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence. ○ Steve’s dead body that was left in Jen’s backyard made her nervous every time her neighbor came over. Nonessential Clauses: Clauses that are NOT necessary to the meaning of the sentence. ○ Never Have I Ever’s ending, which made me cry, had a shocking twist to it.

SECTION 4 SENTENCES Sentence – a set of words that contains a subject and a predicate and conveys a statement, command, question, or an exclamation.

Sentence Parts Subject – what/who the sentence is about The Bakers happily adopted Spencer into their family. Predicate – what the subject does The Bakers happily adopted Spencer into their family.

Sentence Types Declarative – a sentence that makes a statement (ends with a period mark) John B has not seen his father after his disappearance. Imperative – a sentence that makes a command (ends with a period mark) Season 2 of Outer Banks needs to be released immediately after that cliffhanger at the end of season one. Interrogative – a sentence that asks a question (ends with a question mark) Why would Spencer move back to Crenshaw High to play football? Exclamatory – a sentence that expresses great emotion, passion, excitement (ends with an exclamation mark) Noah, Elle’s boyfriend, saw Elle kiss Marco at the dancing competition!

Sentence Patterns

Simple Sentence: A sentence that is just one independent clause. Devi enjoys playing the harp in her free time. Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clauses - connected by FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) or a semicolon (;). Jamal found the rollerworld money on the school's football field, but was scared to tell anyone about his discovery. Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. Whenever the Pogues went out looking for more clues at the sea on John Bâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s missing father, the police would always force them to leave. Complex-Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. Laura Jean's love letters were mailed out, not everyone was stoked about the idea, but she ended up getting a boyfriend and catching up with an old friend because of them. Loose Sentence: A sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction (either a clause or phrase) with your main point at the beginning. Outer Banks was boring in the beginning, it gets better as you continue watching it. Periodic Sentence: A sentence in which the independent clause is given at the end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense with the main point coming at the end. 21 Even if you never cry because of shows, Never Have I Everâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s last episode will

Parallel Structure: A sentence using the same pattern of two or more verbs or ideas that match in tense or structure to show that they are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written - this sentence requires symmetry. Devi tends to overthink many of her life events, she gets frustrated, then asks her therapist or friends for advice. Balanced Sentence: A sentence where phrases or clauses at the beginning and the end parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length - this sentence requires symmetry. Benâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s parents are always busy, so once they get back from their business trips one day they leave the next. Chiasmus: A sentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or clauses) in inverted (reversed) order - this sentence requires symmetry. The workers behind the scenes make each show/ movie on Netflix what it is and it would be nothing without them. Asyndeton: A sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. The Outer Banks main cast consists of the characters John B, JJ, Pope, Kiara, Sarah. Polysyndeton: A sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. Deviâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life can be described as exciting and entertaining and depressing and ultimately, worth watching. Anaphora: A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention. Many can consider watching Netflix as a waste of time, others a great use of their time, and others just to pass time. Epistrophe: A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words. People watch Netflix because they are bored throughout the day, need entertainment throughout the day, or to relax themselves throughout the day.

Sentence Errors Run-On/Rambling/Fused Sentence – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly without punctuation. When They See Us is a great series to watch it displays very well one of the many racial injustices against people of color. [WRONG] When They See Us is a great series to watch BECAUSE it displays very well one, of the many racial injustices against people of color. [RIGHT] Comma Splice – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly using commas Jen and Judy’s friendship is a rollercoaster of emotions, there are moments where Jen absolutely adores Judy, there's others where she despises her. [WRONG] Jen and Judy’s friendship is a rollercoaster of emotions. There are moments where Jen absolutely adores Judy, and there's others where she despises her. [RIGHT]

Fragment – incomplete sentence pieces that are not connected to or do not form an independent clause Because there are shows that are very entertaining. [WRONG] Netflix takes away my boredom because there are shows that are very entertaining. [RIGHT] Misplaced/Dangling Modifiers – modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description; a misplaced modifier describes the wrong part of a sentence and a dangling modifier is missing the part it’s supposed to modify At the football game, Asher took steroids for his upcoming football game to get pumped. [WRONG] At the football game, Asher took steroids to get pumped for his upcoming football game. [RIGHT] Double Negative – combining two or more negative words in a sentence in a way that is supposed to produce a positive force Jordan Baker knew that it would not do him no good to keep hating and despising Spencer. [WRONG] Jordan Baker knew that it wouldn't do him any good to keep hating and despising Spencer. [RIGHT]

SECTION 5 PARAGRAPHS Paragraphs – a group of sentences that together convey a shared purpose structured around the same topic. Introductory Paragraphs (Introductions) Hook (Lead) – can begin with the title Anecdotal (Brief story to set the mood and lead the reader into the topic) Ex. Often when one gets their first paycheck we treat ourselves. It's a normal thing to do and we all deserve it as a reward for our achievement. However this pattern of rewarding yourself consistently after every paycheck is a bad habit one begins to live by. As teenagers many times we don't realize the importance of saving up our money. As you begin to get older one of our main goals is to be financially stable for the rest of our lives. We begin to realize that the money we spent on that expensive shirt that was bought five years ago, that one doesn't even wear anymore, was a waste of money. Query Based (Question that brings the reader to the topic - avoid second person POV “you”) Ex. Is buying unnecessary items to make yourself look “wealthy” truly affecting your journey to becoming an actual millionaire? Thesis Statements (the purpose of a piece of writing – usually one sentence in length, but can be longer depending on the purpose – must be something that is arguable) Assertion (claim - a subject + a “so what” about the subject) Ex. “Millionaires” aren't always the actual millionaires in the long run. Fact (empirically verifiable but often difficult to argue extensively about - better used as evidence to support a claim) Ex. A foreign car is quite expensive. Opinion (personal position on a topic) Ex. American Express is the best company a millionaire can withhold a credit card from. 24

money.

answers a

Belief (social, religious, or political in nature – an opinion held by many to be a fact, though it is not necessarily factual – often involves a judgement) Ex. Indulging in the temptation of wasting money on unnecessary items is sinfully wrong. Generalization (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never, none, most, half – avoid using this type of thesis statement unless citing the source of the data) Ex. All money spent on foregin and expensive cars is a waste of Document Based (cites a specific source, author, and position on a topic) Ex. In The Millionaire Next Door, Thomas J Stanley argues that those who seem to be the millionaires, are the ones who are living paycheck by paycheck. Theory (a statement that can be tested and potentially proven - often

research question) Ex. Saving money can systematically lead to becoming a true millionaire. Clarification/Expansion of Thesis (could extend the thesis, preview the evidence supporting the thesis, give the purpose of thesis, establish the importance or significance of examining the intricacies of the thesis – this could be several sentences long) Ex. Stanly elaborates on his claim by providing different examples of people who earn approximately the same income as each other but only one of them is an actual millionaire. A main factor that comes into play on why one of these professionals is not a millionaire just yet is because of their “trying to look wealthy to impress others and not caring for their future generations” mentality. (preview of evidence) Ex. The author examines the different types of living situations of professionals often-a comparison of a financially stable families point of view versus someone who will eventually run out of money. The purpose of doing this is to discourage the reader from wasting their money on unnecessary items so that they can accomplish their goal of being financially stable for the rest of their life even quicker, without any worries. (purpose of thesis) Ex. This information about a financially stable family versus someone who isnt can lead to helping others on realizing things to avoid doing once they begin receiving their income. (establishing the importance or significance of thesis)

Body Paragraphs (must have echoes of the thesis in each AND present evidence to support or expand on the thesis) Topic Sentences (must specifically indicate the topic of the paragraph and focus on one subject and/or area of evidence or support – could start with a “Transition of Logic” that connects to the previous paragraph to give context) Ex. Additionally, multiple sources indicate that spending money on unnecessary items that make you look “rich” can have a dramatic impact on one's journey to success in becoming a millionaire. (Now every sentence in this paragraph must be related to the connection between fast food and health) Presenting Evidence from Quotations (quotes should NEVER be used as individual sentences – quotes should be embedded within sentences) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “If you're not yet wealthy but want to be someday,never purchase a home that requires a mortgage that is more than twice your household's total annual realized income” (Stanley 68). Ex. Stanley suggests “If you're not yet wealthy but want to be someday, never purchase a home that requires a mortgage that is more than twice your household's total annual realized income” (Stanley 68). Ex. “If you're not yet wealthy but want to be someday, never purchase a home that requires a mortgage that is more than twice your household's total annual realized income,” according to Stanley (Stanley 68). Ex. For patrons, “If you're not yet wealthy but want to be someday, never purchase a home that requires a mortgage that is more than twice your household's total annual realized income,” according to Stanley (Stanley 68). 26

Examining the Evidence Paraphrasing (rewording of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but still citing the source - useful for examining the quote and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “If you're not yet wealthy but want to be someday,never purchase a home that requires a mortgage that is more than twice your household's total annual realized income” (Stanley 68). Ex. PARAPHRASE – People shouldn't buy a home that is way above their annual income if they're trying to be wealthy in the long run (Stanley 68). Summarizing (condensing larger quotes or sections - useful for closing the examination of the quote/evidence and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “If you're not yet wealthy but want to be someday, never purchase home that requires a mortgage that is more than twice your household's total annual realized income” (Stanley 68). Ex. SUMMARY – Spending too much money on a mortgage is not a smart move. Abstract Examples (hypothetical, “what if” examples that do not refer to a source – AVOID USING THEM AS EVIDENCE – but useful for examining the quote) Ex. People might become millionaires if they budget themselves with their spending. Concrete Examples (actual examples that do refer to a source – useful for enhancing your analysis of the quote) Ex. According to a Nielsen study, 25% of families making $150,000 a year or more are living paycheck-to-paycheck. One in three earning between $50,000 and $100,000 need their next paycheck to survive. For those earning less than $50,000, that percentage increases to half. Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word – possibly an adverb – and should echo the thesis of the essay) Ex. Clearly, spending too much money over your budget or over your annual income is a bad idea that could negatively impact your journey towards becoming a millionaire.

Closing Paragraphs (Conclusions – should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay) Consequences of Disregarding the Thesis (establishing the potential consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – CREATING A COUNTERARGUMENT – could be one or more sentences) Ex. If society were to just waste their money on unnecessary items then we would just live in a world where the rich would stay rich and the poor would stay poor, consuming off of the rich. Statement(s) of Extension (extending the consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – could be one or more sentences) Ex. As such, society wouldn't be able to move forward if the same type of people/ generations would be the ones staying rich while minorities would continue to foolishly waste money. The rich would consume off minorities making them even more wealthy than they would already be, and the same cycle would continue and continue. Reestablishing the Significance of the Thesis (could be one or more sentences) Ex. Thus, based on research and surveys created by Stanley, he indicates that it is important for people to wisely spend their money. He is able to show the reader that even though one might appear “rich” they aren't actually the millionaires. He further goes on to show us how the people who are foolishly spending their money won't be able to sustain themselves nor their family financially in the long run. Final Sentence (connects to the hook and finishes the essay (finish your argument) – the “Smokey the Bear”/”Drop the mic”/dot dot dot moment…) Ex. Stop buying that $300 Gucci shirt to impress people who don't even care about you, you'll just come off as cocky and conceited.

SECTION 6 ESSAYS Essays – An essay is a short academic composition. The word “essay” is derived from a French word “essai” or “essayer,” which means “trail.” In composition, however, an essay is a piece of non-fiction writing that talks or discusses a specific topic. Presently, essays are part of every degree program. Types Persuasive (Argumentative)- A persuasive essay is meant to convince the target audience to do something or not do something. An argumentative essay is meant to present arguments in the favor of something. It has an additional fourth body paragraph that is meant to present opposite arguments. Expository (Informative)- An expository essay exposes things in detail to make readers understand without any complications. Definition or Description- a descriptive essay describes something, some place, some experience, or some situation through sensory information. Process (How-to)- A process essay explains or shows a process of making or doing something. Compare and Contrast- A comparison and contrast essay makes either a comparison, a contrast, or both between two different or similar things. Cause and Effect- A cause and effect essay makes readers understand the cause of things, and their effects on other things. Analytical/Critical- An analytical essay analyzes something, such as in literature an analytical essay analyzes a piece of literature from different angles. A critical essay is written on literary pieces to evaluate them on the basis of their merits or demerits. Evaluative- The purpose of an evaluation essay is to present an opinion or viewpoint on a subject or body of work. Interpretive- An interpretive essay is an essay that provides an analysis of another piece of writing. 29

Narrative (Tells a story)- A narrative essay is a narration like a short story. It is, however, different from a short story in that it is written in an essay format. Personal Statement/Anecdote- Anecdote is defined as a short and interesting story, or an amusing event, often proposed to support or demonstrate some point, and to make the audience laugh. Anecdotes can include an extensive range of tales and stories. In fact, it is a short description or an account of any event that makes the readers laugh or brood over the topic presented for the purpose. Research- A research essay revolves around a research question that is meant to answer some specific question through a research of the relevant literature. Timed- These essays require you to demonstrate disciplinary knowledge by producing a writing sample within a limited time period. Document Based Question (DBQ)- a document-based question (DBQ), also known as data-based question, is an essay or series of short-answer questions that is constructed by students using one's own knowledge combined with support from several provided sources Synthesis- A synthesis essay means to synthesize different ideas to make a judgement about their merit and demerits.

Strategies/Planning Tips/Steps Pre-writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining- Ask yourself what your purpose is for writing about the subject, Ask yourself how you are going to achieve this purpose, Start the ideas flowing (brainstorm) Researching/Evaluating of Sources- Once you have collected the research necessary to complete your project, it is time to incorporate it into your writing. This section outlines resources that will help you learn how to quote, paraphrase, and summarize information from your sources. It also contains information on writing with statistics and strategies for fair use. Work Cited Page MLA Format- Begin your Works Cited page on a separate page at the end of your research paper. It should have the same one-inch margins and last name, page number header as the rest of your paper. ● Label the page Works Cited (do not italicize the words Works Cited or put them in quotation marks) and center the words Works Cited at the top of the page. ○ Only the title should be centered. The citation entries themselves should be aligned with the left margin. ● Double space all citations, but do not skip spaces between entries. ● Indent the second and subsequent lines of citations by 0.5 inches to create a hanging indent. ● List page numbers of sources efficiently, when needed. If you refer to a journal article that appeared on pages 225 through 250, list the page numbers on your Works Cited page as pp. 225-50 (Note: MLA style dictates that you should omit the first sets of repeated digits. In our example, the digit in the hundreds place is repeated between 225 and 250, so you omit the 2 from 250 in the citation: pp. 225-50). If the excerpt spans multiple pages, use “pp.” Note that MLA style uses a hyphen in a span of pages. ● If only one page of a print source is used, mark it with the abbreviation “p.” before the page number (e.g., p.157). If a span of pages is used, mark it with the abbreviation “pp.” before the page number (e.g., pp.157-68). ● If you're citing an article or a publication that was originally issued in print form but that you retrieved from an online database, you should type the online database name in italics. You do not need to provide subscription information in addition to the database name. EXAMPLE: Stanley, Thomas J., and William D. Danko. The Millionaire Next Door: The Surprising Secrets of America's Wealthy. LONGSTREET PRESS, INC. A Subsidiary of Cox Newspapers, A Subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, Inc. 2140 Newmarket Parkway Suite 122 Marietta, GA 30067, 1996.

APA FormatYour essay should be typed and double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5" x 11"), with 1" margins on all sides. Include a page header (also known as the “running head”) at the top of every page. For a professional paper, this includes your paper title and the page number. For a student paper, this only includes the page number. To create a page header/running head, insert page numbers flush right. Then type "TITLE OF YOUR PAPER" in the header flush left using all capital letters. The running head is a shortened version of your paper's title and cannot exceed 50 characters including spacing and punctuation. ● Font While the APA Manual does not specify a single font or set of fonts for professional writing, it does recommend a few fonts that are widely available. These include sans serif fonts such as 11-point Calibri, 11-point Arial, and 10-point Lucida Sans Unicode as well as serif fonts such as 12-point Times New Roman, 11-point Georgia, 10-point Computer Modern. ● Major Paper Sections Your essay should include four major sections: the Title Page, Abstract, Main Body, and References. ● Title Page The title page should contain the title of the paper, the author's name, and the institutional affiliation. A professional paper should also include the author note. A student paper should also include the course number and name, instructor name, and assignment due date. Type your title in upper and lowercase letters centered in the upper half of the page. The title should be centered and written in boldface. APA recommends that your title be focused and succinct and that it should not contain abbreviations or words that serve no purpose. Your title may take up one or two lines. All text on the title page, and throughout your paper, should be double-spaced. Beneath the title, type the author's name: first name, middle initial(s), and last name. Do not use titles (Dr.) or degrees (PhD). Beneath the author's name, type the institutional affiliation, which should indicate the location where the author(s) conducted the research.

A professional paper should include the author note beneath the institutional affiliation, in the bottom half of the title page. This should be divided up into several paragraphs, with any paragraphs that are not relevant omitted. The first paragraph should include the authorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s name, the symbol for the ORCID iD, and the URL for the ORCID iD. Any authors who do not have an ORCID iD should be omitted. The second paragraph should show any change in affiliation or any deaths of the authors. The third paragraph should include any disclosures or acknowledgements, such as study registration, open practices and data sharing, disclosure of related reports and conflicts of interest, and acknowledgement of financial support and other assistance. The fourth paragraph should include contact information for the corresponding author. A student paper should not include an author note. Note again that page headers/page numbers (described above for professional and student papers) also appear at the top of the title page. In other words, a professional paper's title page will include the title of the paper flush left in all capitals and the page number flush right, while a student paper will only contain the page number flush right. EXAMPLE: Stanley, T. J., & Danko, W. D. (1996). The Millionaire Next Door: The Surprising Secrets of America's Wealthy. LONGSTREET PRESS, INC. A subsidiary of Cox Newspapers, A subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, Inc. 2140 Newmarket Parkway Suite 122 Marietta, GA 30067.

Dedication I would like to dedicate this book to my family. I want to thank them for always motivating me to try my best. I'm grateful to have an amazing support group at home. They help me get out of my comfort zone. They help me feel included and wanted. I want to give a special shout out to my older sister specifically. She has always been a role model and inspiration to me. She is constantly helping me with my academics in hopes of me receiving that A or that 100%. I finally want to thank all of those who read this far down my book. I hope you were able to gain some more knowledge about writing and use it in your future essays or assignments!