MY FASHION BOOK OF WRITING BY ESMERALDA PEREZ
THE TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1:Pages 4-5
CHAPTER 2: Pages 6-7
CHAPTER 3:Page 8
CHAPTER 4:Page 9
CHAPTER 5: Page 10
CHAPTER 6: Pages 11
ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Page 12
Introduction
Originally started as an assignment, this project opened up my eyes to the information we can all forget or miss. Whether its our fault or not, this book is to help refresh and restart the learning adventure of English. With the help of fashion, I was able to accomplish a book to help those remember the importance of the English Language.
Why Fashion? Fashion is a major life style for many —including myself. As a high school student appearance is key and have successfully made an outline for a book of learning using these
PUNCTUATION and CAPITALIZATION Punctuation – Identify the functions of each mark and create one (1) example sentence of the usage for each mark. 1. . Ends a sentence. The fashion show was at the beach. 2. , Switches places. I went to the beach to watch the fashion show 3. – Em dash(Used for emphasis) please contact my stylist Ana 4. - En dash(connect words) pick a number 1-30 5. : Used when giving a definition of something. Colon is used to introduce a list of terms.definition: defining something 6. ; Semicolon (connects multiple clauses that are related)bella hadid ; Gigi hadid does not . 7. ? Interrogative Sentence can only be ended by a question mark. Are we going out tonight?
8. 9. 10.
11. 12.
13.
14.
! ExclamatoryWe’re going out tonight! ‘ Possession(can be also used as a quote mark.) it’s “ ” Indicates(came from somewhere else)Quotation marks are primarily used to indicate material that is being reproduced word for word. She said ’’lets go out’’ … Ellipses. Indicates an omission. To be continued... [ ] Brackets allow the insertion of editorial material inside quotations. She [bella] is a great friend of us. ( ) Parenthetical(might be useful to know but not necessary to know). Esmeralda went to eat(apples). / Backslash. Indicates a choice. and/or
EX: Comma (used to switch words around in a list) – I packed my hair brush, phone charger, and even a few snacks for the 5 hour road trip to New York . .//. Capitalization – Identify and create one (1) example sentence for each rule of capitalization. Please list the rules of capitalization here: -Capitalize the First Word of a Sentence. -Capitalize Names and Other Proper Nouns. -Capitalize Days, Months, and Holidays, But Not Seasons. -Capitalize Most Words in Titles.
EX: (Used to begin a sentence) – Sadly for some, 11th grade is the year with the most high-stakes testing. Today, I went to the park. Esmeralda, went to the park. On May 18, Esmeralda went to the park Esmeralda Perez read “Vogue.’’
PARTS OF SPEECH NOUNS Types of nouns: (list three to five words of each type) · Common Nouns: name a class of people, places, things, or ideas. Movie theater,concert,The beach,six flags,museum. · Proper Nouns: give the name or title of a particular person, place, thing, or idea (must be capitalized). Sixflags, Montebello mall, Rosevelt high school,Costco,Ulta· Compound Nouns: consist of words used together to form a single noun. Laptop,whiteboard,YouTube,Northface(the brand),timestamp. · Concrete Nouns: refer to material things, to people, or to places. Wall,table,locker,tree,paper. · Abstract Nouns: name ideas, qualities, concepts, emotions, or attitudes. .happy,sad,angry,frightened, frustrated.
Functions (How nouns are used): Write one sentence for each function. · Subject (comes before the verb) The substitute, screamed at the students who didn’t do their work. · Direct Object (comes after the verb and answers what or whom) Mr. Rodriguez, asked Emmanuel to put his phone away. · Indirect Object (answers to who or to whom) The principal gave the flyers to the leadership students, so they could pass out..
PRONOUNS
Pronouns take the place of nouns that have been established. Personal: Nominative (subjects) Objective (objects) I/we me/us you/you you/you He, she, it, one/they him, her, it, one/them Possessive My, mine our, ours Your, yours your, yours His, her, hers, its, one’s their, theirs Relative: Nominative who That those/ this
Objective whom that
Possessive whose of that
Interrogative: who, which, what, whatever, whoever Reflexive: (personal pronouns plus the suffix –self or –selves) Used only: when the action verb is directed toward the subject of the construction: He bought himself a pair of shoes, but ended up hating them. to intensify a point: The movie director himself delivered the speech. Even though it was hard work, “I can finish the woredrove myself” the stylist thought. Demonstrative: this, these
that, those
Indefinite: all, another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, few, many, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, somebody, someone, such. VERBS Verbs show the time, action, and state of being of a subject. Tense: verbs indicate time via tenses:
simple past past past perfect past progressive simple present present present perfect present progressive present perfect progressive future future perfect
Types: There are at least eleven (11) types of verbs: auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) linking verbs (verbs that do not describe action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other parts of the sentence – usually the predicate) lexical verbs (main verbs) dynamic verbs (indicate action) stative verbs (describe a condition) finitive verbs (indicate tense) nonfinitive verbs (infinitives or participles) regular verbs (weak verbs) irregular verbs (strong verbs) transitive verbs (verbs followed by a direct object) intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take direct objects) Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The English language has two voices: ACTIVE and PASSIVE. Active: Mr.Rodriguez got the ID cards today. Verbals: (VERB FORMS NOT USED AS VERBS) Gerund: word ending in “ing” used as a noun. The young man had an amazing posture while walking in the run way. The young man reminded himself to have good posture while walking on the run way. Infinitive: verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs · The young woman decided to try on the dress before the fashion show. ADJECTIVES Adjectives modify, describe, limit, and identify nouns and pronouns. · Kinds: Demonstrative, Common, Proper (Give one example of each using words related to your subject) The Paris fashion show had a beautiful young woman giving the honors of opening the show. ADVERBS Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. · Endings (Create one example related to your subject for each) Fashionly, fashion-wise,Forwards · Conversions (Show how three words related to your subject can become adverbs – Example: “Educational” becomes “Educationally”) Fashion:fashionl · Types: Manner, Frequency, Degree, Place, Time Example Types: (Create one example each related to your subject) Manner –Esmeralda lost track of Time while doing her english homework. Time – Esmeralda was unfortunately late. Place –Esmeralda willingly got to work early. Degree – Mr.Rodriguez did an astronomical Job in today’s lesson. (How good he?) Frequency – Esmeralda often forgets to sign in on the daily check-in. (How often is she pleasant?) CONJUNCTIONS Coordinating (FANBOYS): for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Correlative: Either/or; neither/nor; not only/but also; both/and; whether/or; as/so Subordinate: after, though as, as if, as long as, as thought, because, before, if, in order that, provided that, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while Relative pronouns: who (refers to people), which (refers to nonliving object or animals), that (may refer to animals or nonliving objects) PREPOSITIONS Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence. Prepositions are NEVER followed by verbs. There are one-word prepositions and complex prepositions. These are some common one-word prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except excluding for, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding, of, off, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without.
INTERJECTIONS Interjections are the final part of speech. Find and copy/paste an alphabetical list of interjections here. aha, ahem, ahh, ahoy, alas, arg, aw,bam, bingo, blah, boo, bravo, brrr.cheers, congratulations.D dang, drat, darn, duh. E eek, eh, encore, eureka.F fiddlesticks.G gadzooks, gee, gee whiz, golly, goodbye, goodness, good grief, gosh.ahh, alas, alrighty, blah, dang, gee, nah, oops, phew, shucks, woops, and yikes
PHRASES and CLAUSES Phrases – groups of words that function as a part of speech. Noun Phrase: A group of words consisting of nouns or pronouns and their modifiers that function as a noun. All the fashion models, were terrified of slipping off the stage. Verb Phrase: A group of words consisting of verbs working together and that function as a verb. The fashion designers knew they would be working hard this weekend in order to complete Vogue's look. Prepositional Phrase: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and functions as an adjective or an adverb. aboard the cruise ship. Appositive Phrase: A group of words that include all the words that modify an appositive and function as an adjective - IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BY COMMAS. Bella Hadid, a new fashion model, worked very hard to get on the cover of Vogue Verbal Phrases: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun. Gerund Phrase verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun. Running down the street, the fashion show spectators finally saw the entrance. Participial Phrase word ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed (past participle) that functions as an adjective. The people's magazine runway models quickly left the abandoned fitting room. Infinitive Phrase verbs preceded by the word “to” (to read, to study, to write) that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Many runway models actually knew it was time to practice their walk for the show.
CLAUSES Clauses – groups of words with BOTH a subject and a verb that function as parts of speech. There are TWO kinds: Independent and Dependent (called “Subordinate”)
INDEPENDENT – CAN stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern. Fashion school requires students to work really hard. DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) – CANNOT stand alone as a complete sentence and MUST begin with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION. There are seven (7) kinds:
Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive. Where firmly made vogue who they are . Kindly give hairstylelist an answer. That the directer was happy when the fashion show finished successfully was totally obvious. The hairstylist wisely checked that he had hair spray. Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause. Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word: This is the fashion school where students triumphantly do well. (“where” is an introductory word) There is the suit that I absolutely needed. The dress that you wanted is clearly within your grasp. Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns: Vogues instagram story is obviously the one who got the most views. (ONE is the antecedent of WHO and is modified by the adjective clause.) There goes the makeup artist whose makeup is usually classy. (TEACHER is the antecedent of whose and is modified by OLLLoo]the adjective clause.) Makeup class informatively teaches how relative humidity is the amount of water vapor that the air contains. Is this the dress that you so vehemently want? (that is the direct object of want) Bella hadud is the player whom he shyly challenged to a duel. (whom is the direct object of challenged.) The recommendation letter to which you refer has sadly been lost. (which is the object of the preposition to.) Kendal Jenner is an runway model who easily shrugs off criticism. (who is the subject of shrugs.) Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced by a subordinate conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession. Modifying verbs: They unfortunately put the goodie bags where a few could see it. (place) When the show finally started , everyone sat down. (time) We sluggishly left the l because we were tired. (purpose) The fashion designer talked as if she were passionately trying to get the honor to make a clothing line. (condition) Modifying adjectives: Vouches runway show seems twice as long as it used to be. (how much) Gigi hadid is as amusingly funny as the other models . (to what extent) Modifying adverbs: Bella Rehearsed harder than her sisters typically did. (condition) Relative Clauses: Dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun. The models Who finishes getting ready first will earn an indulgently tasty cookie. Elliptical Clauses: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted. When shopping , the shoper looks out for their correct size Essential Clauses: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence. The course that most interests Kendal Jenner is clearly fashion culture . Nonessential Clauses: Clauses that are NOT necessary to the meaning of the sentence. Mr. Fette’s makeup lessons, which began six months ago, are regretfully over.
Phrases – groups of words that function as a part of speech. Noun Phrase: A group of words consisting of nouns or pronouns and their modifiers that function as a noun. All the fashion models, were terrified of slipping off the stage. Verb Phrase: A group of words consisting of verbs working together and that function as a verb. The fashion designers knew they would be working hard this weekend in order to complete Vogue's look. Prepositional Phrase: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and functions as an adjective or an adverb. aboard the cruise ship. Appositive Phrase: A group of words that include all the words that modify an appositive and function as an adjective - IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BY COMMAS. Bella Hadid, a new fashion model, worked very hard to get on the cover of Vogue Verbal Phrases: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun. Gerund Phrase verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun. Running down the street, the fashion show spectators finally saw the entrance. Participial Phrase word ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed (past participle) that functions as an adjective. The people's magazine runway models quickly left the abandoned fitting room. Infinitive Phrase verbs preceded by the word “to” (to read, to study, to write) that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Many runway models actually knew it was time to practice their walk for the show.
CLAUSES Clauses – groups of words with BOTH a subject and a verb that function as parts of speech. There are TWO kinds: Independent and Dependent (called “Subordinate”)
INDEPENDENT – CAN stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern. Fashion school requires students to work really hard. DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) – CANNOT stand alone as a complete sentence and MUST begin with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION. There are seven (7) kinds:
Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive. Where firmly made vogue who they are . Kindly give hairstylelist an answer. That the directer was happy when the fashion show finished successfully was totally obvious. The hairstylist wisely checked that he had hair spray. Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause. Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word: This is the fashion school where students triumphantly do well. (“where” is an introductory word) There is the suit that I absolutely needed. The dress that you wanted is clearly within your grasp. Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns: Vogues instagram story is obviously the one who got the most views. (ONE is the antecedent of WHO and is modified by the adjective clause.) There goes the makeup artist whose makeup is usually classy. (TEACHER is the antecedent of whose and is modified by OLLLoo]the adjective clause.) Makeup class informatively teaches how relative humidity is the amount of water vapor that the air contains. Is this the dress that you so vehemently want? (that is the direct object of want) Bella hadud is the player whom he shyly challenged to a duel. (whom is the direct object of challenged.) The recommendation letter to which you refer has sadly been lost. (which is the object of the preposition to.) Kendal Jenner is an runway model who easily shrugs off criticism. (who is the subject of shrugs.) Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced by a subordinate conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession. Modifying verbs: They unfortunately put the goodie bags where a few could see it. (place) When the show finally started , everyone sat down. (time) We sluggishly left the l because we were tired. (purpose) The fashion designer talked as if she were passionately trying to get the honor to make a clothing line. (condition) Modifying adjectives: Vouches runway show seems twice as long as it used to be. (how much) Gigi hadid is as amusingly funny as the other models . (to what extent) Modifying adverbs: Bella Rehearsed harder than her sisters typically did. (condition) Relative Clauses: Dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun. The models Who finishes getting ready first will earn an indulgently tasty cookie. Elliptical Clauses: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted. When shopping , the shoper looks out for their correct size Essential Clauses: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence. The course that most interests Kendal Jenner is clearly fashion culture . Nonessential Clauses: Clauses that are NOT necessary to the meaning of the sentence. Mr. Fette’s makeup lessons, which began six months ago, are regretfully over.
SENTENCES
Sentence – a set of words that contains a subject and a predicate and conveys a statement, command, question, or an exclamation.
Sentence Parts
Subject – what/who the sentence is about The fashion school students patiently learned about the color wheel Predicate – what the subject does The fashion show students patiently learned the color wheel.
Sentence TypesFashion 4 TEMPLATE AND GUIDELINES S
Declarative – a sentence that makes a statement (ends with a period mark) Learning to sew helps students create clothing. Imperative – a sentence that makes a command (ends with a period mark) Learn to stitch better when sewing immediately. Interrogative – a sentence that asks a question (ends with a question mark) Why would anyone not want to write better sentences? Exclamatory – a sentence that expresses great emotion, passion, excitement (ends with an exclamation mark) That walk was so much better!
Sentence Patterns
Simple Sentence: A sentence that is just one independent clause. Most clothing projects for school are in the form of a simple stitch pattern. Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clauses - connected by FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) or a semicolon (;). Many projects for fashion school take up time, but they all can be finished. Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. When you set up a plan, your sketches can regularly get done on time. Complex-Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. Whether you plan ahead or not, most makeup and hair get done before the show, but it can take up a lot of time.
Loose Sentence: A sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction (either a clause or phrase) with your main point at the beginning. Fashion school is going to change your life, no matter what you major in or how long it takes you to finish. Periodic Sentence: A sentence in which the independent clause is given at the end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense with the main point coming at the end. No matter what you major in or how long it takes, fashion school will change your life. Parallel Structure: A sentence using the same pattern of two or more verbs or ideas that match in tense or structure to show that they are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written - this sentence requires symmetry. Pratt institute students tend to work hard, to stay awake at night, and to succeed where others fail. Balanced Sentence: A sentence where phrases or clauses at the beginning and the end parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length - this sentence requires symmetry. Pratt students spend their days turning old assignments in and taking new assignments home. Chiasmus: A sentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or clauses) in inverted (reversed) order - this sentence requires symmetry. Pratt students make the school what it is and it would be nothing without them. Asyndeton: A sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. Runway models typically exhibit studiousness, tenacity, grit, excellence. Polysyndeton: A sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. Pratt students typically exhibit studiousness and tenacity and grit and, ultimately, excellence. Anaphora: A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention. For so many people, fashion school l can be the best time of their lives, while for others fashion school is the worst part of their lives, but most will agree that fashion school can feel like the longest part of their lives. Epistrophe: A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words. Pratt students so often spend their days talking for school, their nights working for school, their breaks thinking about school that it sometimes can feel like they live only for school. Sentence Errors
Run-On/Rambling/Fused Sentence – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly without punctuation. The students wanted to stop working on their clothing line project they needed to do work for other projects they had no time. [WRONG] The students wanted to stop working on their clothing line project BECAUSE they needed to do work for other projects AND they had no time. [RIGHT] Comma Splice – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly using commas The students wanted to stop working on their clothing line, they needed to do work for other projects, they had no time. [WRONG] The students wanted to stop working on their clothing line. They needed to do work for other projects; they had no time. [RIGHT]
Fragment – incomplete sentence pieces that are not connected to or do not form an independent clause Because the models had no time. [WRONG] Because the models had no time, they had to walk faster. [RIGHT] Misplaced/Dangling Modifiers – modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description; a misplaced modifier describes the wrong part of a sentence and a dangling modifier is missing the part it’s supposed to modify At the runway show , the makeup artist gave a lipstick to the model that was vintage dior . [WRONG]
PARAGRAPHS Paragraphs – a group of sentences that together convey a shared purpose structured around the same topic. Introductory Paragraphs (Introductions) Hook (Lead / Opening Statement) – can begin with the title Anecdotal (Brief story to set the mood and lead the reader into the topic) Ex. Fashion has been around since humans existed. Its a way we can express ourselves and tell a story. Fashion changes every few years, its whats so existing about it, you never know what new fashion trents are coming. But fashion is more then just clothing, fashion is makeup, hair,shoes etc. Query Based (Question that brings the reader to the topic - avoid second person POV “you”) Ex. Does the usage of makeup really have a negative impact on a person’s self esteem ? Thesis Statements (the purpose of a piece of writing – usually one sentence in length, but can be longer depending on the purpose – must be something that is arguable) Assertion (claim - a subject + a “so what” about the subject) Ex. Makeup provides very little nutritional content and should be avoided. Fact (empirically verifiable but often difficult to argue extensively about - better used as evidence to support a claim) Ex.makeup is comparatively inexpensive. Opinion (personal position on a topic) Ex. MAC makes absolutely the best makeup. Belief (social, religious, or political in nature – an opinion held by many to be a fact, though it is not necessarily factual – often involves a judgement) Ex. Indulging in the temptation of wearing makeup is sinfully wrong. Generalization (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never, none, most, half – avoid using this type of thesis statement unless citing the source of the data) Ex. Everything sold at makeup stores horribly harms a person’s face . Document Based (cites a specific source, author, and position on a topic) Ex. In the makeup industry , jefree star argues that the makeup industry has excruciatingly deep effects on people’s face and outcomes by illustrating the unsanitary nature of many makeup ingredients. Theory (a statement that can be tested and potentially proven - often answers a research question) Ex. Makeup can systematically lead to self esteem problems in young people. Clarification/Expansion of Thesis (could extend the thesis, preview the evidence supporting the thesis, give the purpose of thesis, establish the importance or significance of examining the intricacies of the thesis – this could be several sentences long) Ex. Jefree star expands on his claim by examining the various makeup products that can hook people on makeup , particularly at an early age, along with reports about the negative health impacts of processed Makeup . (preview of evidence) Ex. Jefree star examines yeh often-disturbing state of makeup testing production in order to discourage people from buying makeup. (purpose of thesis) Ex. This information about the connection between makeup and self esteem outcomes might lead to crucial reforms in the makeup industry. (establishing the importance or significance of thesis) Body Paragraphs (must have echoes of the thesis in each AND present evidence to support or expand on the thesis) Topic Sentences (must specifically indicate the topic of the paragraph and focus on one subject and/or area of evidence or support – could start with a “Transition of Logic” that connects to the previous paragraph to give context) Ex. Additionally, multiple sources indicate that the use of makeup has a dramatic impact on mental health. (Now every sentence in this paragraph must be related to the connection between fast food and health) Presenting Evidence from Quotations (quotes should NEVER be used as individual sentences – quotes should be embedded within sentences) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “Fast food can have adverse effects on people’s health” (Schlosser 73). Ex. Several researchers agree, “found a positive correlation between frequent use of cosmetics and anxiety, self-consciousness, and conformity.’’ (Robertson and colleagues). Ex. “found a positive correlation between frequent use of cosmetics and anxiety, self-consciousness, and conformity.” according to several researchers (Robertson and colleagues). Ex. UnfortunatelyRobertson and colleagues , “found a positive correlation between frequent use of cosmetics and anxiety, self-consciousness, and conformity.” according to several researchers (Robertson and colleagues). Ex. Unfortunately for patrons, “found a (positive) correlation between frequent use of cosmetics and anxiety, self-consciousness, and conformity” (Robertson and colleagues). Ex. Unfortunately for patrons, “found a positive (cosmetics)… anxiety, self-consciousness, and conformity… [a]ffects … people’s health” (Robertson and colleagues73). Examining the Evidence Paraphrasing (rewording of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but still citing the source - useful for examining the quote and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “Fast food can have adverse effects on people’s health” (Schlosser 73). Ex. PARAPHRASE – People’s health may be negatively impacted by fast food (Schlosser 73). Summarizing (condensing larger quotes or sections - useful for closing the examination of the quote/evidence and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) ORIGINAL QUOTE – “Fast food can have adverse effects on people’s health” (Schlosser 73). Ex. SUMMARY – makeup can harm, one's self esteem.Abstract Examples (hypothetical, “what if” examples that do not refer to a source – AVOID USING THEM AS EVIDENCE – but useful for examining the quote) Ex. People might create a healthy relationship with their self esteem if they stopped using so much makeup. Concrete Examples (actual examples that do refer to a source – useful for enhancing your analysis of the quote) Ex. A study in the 2008 DONE BY Robertson and colleagues showed that there’s a positive correlation between frequent use of cosmetics and anxiety, self-consciousness, and conformity Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word – possibly an adverb – and should echo the thesis of the essay) Ex. Clearly, valid authorities on the subject of makeup agree about its often startling and consistently negative mental health effects.
Closing Paragraphs (Conclusions – should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay) Consequences of Disregarding the Thesis (establishing the potential consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – CREATING A COUNTERARGUMENT – could be one or more sentences) Ex. If the mass use of makeup was truly safe for people’s health, there probably would not be such an abundance of self esteem issues plaguing the nation. Statement(s) of Extension (extending the consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – could be one or more sentences) Ex. As such, the national epidemic of low self esteem seems closely connected with the abundance of makeup stores available to consumers in every corner of America. Reestablishing the Significance of the Thesis (could be one or more sentences) Ex. Thus, as the prevalence of academic research indicates, makeup users carry out more than just the contents of a makeup bag – they carry out the potential for both mental and self esteem issues. Final Sentence (closing statement that connects to the hook and finishes the essay (finish your argument) – the “Smoky the Bear”/”Drop the mic”/dot dot dot moment…) Ex. So given all the mental problems associated makeup , maybe all the makeup people receive as a way to feel prettier are not so happy after all…
ESSAYS Essays – n essay is a piece of writing that is written to convince someone of something or to simply inform the reader about a particular topic. ... The main parts (or sections) to an essay are the intro, body, and conclusion. Types – Explain each type of essay and state its purpose
Persuasive (Argumentative) Expository (Informative) Definition or Description Process (How-to) Compare and Contrast Cause and Effect Analytical/Critical Evaluative Interpretive Narrative (Tells a story) Personal Statement/Anecdote Research Timed Document Based Question (DBQ) Synthesis
Strategies/Planning Tips/Steps – 1. Choose a point of view. ... 2. Write an introductory paragraph ending in a thesis statement. ... 3. Carefully organize the body of your essay. ... 4. Craft clear topic sentences. ... 5. Populate your essay with evidence. ... 6. Provide space for contrasting opinions. Pre-writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining Researching/Evaluating of Sources Work Cited Page – MLA (Modern Language Association) format is used for humanities and literature works. APA (American Psychological Association) is used for technical and scientific works. Each writing style is formatted to make citations for that specific field easier.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
My name is Esmeralda Perez, I am in 11th grade And i attend Francisco medical magnet high school. I decided to write this book because I've always been really passionate about being able to express myself. And because I'm not a very good writer,nor interested in any of those hobbies. I found that expressing myself through clothing was best. Which is the reason why I choose fashion as my topic for my book of writing.